메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 10, 2016, Pages 2681-2698

A Survey of Vision-Based Traffic Monitoring of Road Intersections

Author keywords

behavior analysis; intersection monitoring; Omnidirectional vision; vehicle detection; vehicle tracking

Indexed keywords

CAMERAS; COMPUTER VISION; INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS; MONITORING; OBJECT DETECTION; ROADS AND STREETS; ROADSIDES; SURVEYS; TRACKING (POSITION); TRANSPORTATION; VEHICLES;

EID: 84992291782     PISSN: 15249050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2016.2530146     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (242)

References (170)
  • 2
    • 85024521054 scopus 로고
    • VITA-An Autonomous Road Vehicle (ARV) for collision avoidance in traffic
    • Jun.
    • B. Ulmer, "VITA-An Autonomous Road Vehicle (ARV) for collision avoidance in traffic," in Proc. Intell. Veh. Symp., Jun. 1992, pp. 36-41.
    • (1992) Proc. Intell. Veh. Symp , pp. 36-41
    • Ulmer, B.1
  • 4
    • 77954073436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annotated digital video for intelligent surveillance and optimized retrieval: Final report
    • M. Naylor and C. I. Attwood, "Annotated digital video for intelligent surveillance and optimized retrieval: Final report," ADVISOR Connortium, 2003.
    • (2003) ADVISOR Connortium
    • Naylor, M.1    Attwood, C.I.2
  • 5
    • 50549103905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of vision-based trajectory learning and analysis for surveillance
    • Aug.
    • B. T. Morris and M. M. Trivedi, "A survey of vision-based trajectory learning and analysis for surveillance," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 1114-1127, Aug. 2008.
    • (2008) IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 1114-1127
    • Morris, B.T.1    Trivedi, M.M.2
  • 6
    • 84888213963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding vehicular traffic behavior from video: A survey of unsupervised approaches
    • B. T. Morris and M. M. Trivedi, "Understanding vehicular traffic behavior from video: A survey of unsupervised approaches," J. Electron. Imag., vol. 22, no. 4, 2013, Art. ID 041113.
    • (2013) J. Electron. Imag. , vol.22 , Issue.4
    • Morris, B.T.1    Trivedi, M.M.2
  • 8
    • 84864971231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk assessment at road intersections: Comparing intention and expectation
    • S. Lefèvre, C. Laugier, J. Ibañez-Guzmán, "Risk assessment at road intersections: Comparing intention and expectation," in Proc. IEEE IV Symp., 2012, pp. 165-171.
    • (2012) Proc IEEE IV Symp. , pp. 165-171
    • Lefèvre, S.1    Laugier, C.2    Ibañez-Guzmán, J.3
  • 9
    • 84945914062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Highway Administration U.S. Dept. Transp., FHWA-SA-10-005 Nov. Accessed on: Oct. 1, 2015. [Online]. Available
    • Federal Highway Administration, "The national intersection safety problem," U.S. Dept. Transp., FHWA-SA-10-005, Nov. 2009. Accessed on: Oct. 1, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://goo.gl/kvLIYI
    • (2009) The National Intersection Safety Problem
  • 11
    • 85027389187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of junction safety in Europe
    • G. Yannis, C. Antoniou, P. Evgenikos, "Comparative analysis of junction safety in Europe," in Proc. 12th WCTR, 2010, pp. 1-11.
    • (2010) Proc. 12th WCTR , pp. 1-11
    • Yannis, G.1    Antoniou, C.2    Evgenikos, P.3
  • 12
    • 84962939539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission Accessed on: Oct. 1, 2015. [Online]. Available
    • European Commission, Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2012: Junctions, 2013. Accessed on: Oct. 1, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://goo.gl/YYpqD6
    • (2013) Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2012: Junctions
  • 13
    • 70349638998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission Jun. Accessed on: Dec. 6, 2015. [Online]. Available
    • European Commission, Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2015: Junctions, Jun. 2015. Accessed on: Dec. 6, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://goo. gl/ZkhX15
    • (2015) Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2015: Junctions
  • 16
    • 3543105519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey on visual surveillance of object motion and behaviors
    • Aug.
    • W. Hu, T. Tan, L. Wang, S. Maybank, "A survey on visual surveillance of object motion and behaviors," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. C, Appl. Rev., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 334-352, Aug. 2004.
    • (2004) IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. C, Appl. Rev. , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 334-352
    • Hu, W.1    Tan, T.2    Wang, L.3    Maybank, S.4
  • 17
    • 0037381588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of video processing techniques for traffic applications
    • Apr.
    • V. Kastrinaki, M. Zervakis, K. Kalaitzakis, "A survey of video processing techniques for traffic applications," Image Vis. Comput., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 359-381, Apr. 2003.
    • (2003) Image Vis. Comput. , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 359-381
    • Kastrinaki, V.1    Zervakis, M.2    Kalaitzakis, K.3
  • 18
    • 79955685049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TripVista: Triple perspective visual trajectory analytics and its application on microscopic traffic data at a road intersection
    • H. Guo and Z. Wang, "TripVista: Triple perspective visual trajectory analytics and its application on microscopic traffic data at a road intersection," in Proc. IEEE PacificVis Symp., 2011, pp. 163-170.
    • (2011) Proc IEEE PacificVis Symp. , pp. 163-170
    • Guo, H.1    Wang, Z.2
  • 20
    • 80053105598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectory learning for activity understanding: Unsupervised, multilevel, long-term adaptive approach
    • Nov.
    • B. T. Morris and M. M. Trivedi, "Trajectory learning for activity understanding: Unsupervised, multilevel, long-term adaptive approach," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 2287-2301, Nov. 2011.
    • (2011) IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. , vol.33 , Issue.11 , pp. 2287-2301
    • Morris, B.T.1    Trivedi, M.M.2
  • 22
    • 84898831512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding high-level semantics by modeling traffic patterns
    • H. Zhang, A. Geiger, R. Urtasun, "Understanding high-level semantics by modeling traffic patterns," in Proc. IEEE ICCV, 2013, pp. 3056-3063.
    • (2013) Proc IEEE ICCV , pp. 3056-3063
    • Zhang, H.1    Geiger, A.2    Urtasun, R.3
  • 23
  • 24
    • 41549095118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated analysis of road safety with video data
    • N. Saunier and T. Sayed, "Automated analysis of road safety with video data," Transp. Res. Rec., J. Transp. Res. Board, vol. 2019, no. 1, pp. 57-64, 2007.
    • (2007) Transp. Res. Rec., J. Transp. Res. Board , vol.2019 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-64
    • Saunier, N.1    Sayed, T.2
  • 25
    • 27844602071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A computer vision system for the detection and classification of vehicles at urban road intersections
    • Sep.
    • S. Messelodi, C. Modena, M. Zanin, "A computer vision system for the detection and classification of vehicles at urban road intersections," Pattern Anal. Appl., vol. 8, no. 1/2, pp. 17-31, Sep. 2005.
    • (2005) Pattern Anal. Appl. , vol.8 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 17-31
    • Messelodi, S.1    Modena, C.2    Zanin, M.3
  • 26
    • 55549141816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to distributed smart cameras
    • Oct.
    • B. Rinner and W. Wolf, "An introduction to distributed smart cameras," Proc. IEEE, vol. 96, no. 10, pp. 1565-1575, Oct. 2008.
    • (2008) Proc IEEE , vol.96 , Issue.10 , pp. 1565-1575
    • Rinner, B.1    Wolf, W.2
  • 27
    • 84881494692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart cameras: Fundamentals and classification
    • New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag
    • Y. Shi and F. D. Real, "Smart cameras: Fundamentals and classification," in Smart Cameras. New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag, 2010, pp. 19-34.
    • (2010) Smart Cameras , pp. 19-34
    • Shi, Y.1    Real, F.D.2
  • 28
    • 49249096287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3D vehicle extraction and tracking from multiple viewpoints for traffic monitoring by using probability fusion map
    • Z. Hu, C. Wang, K. Uchimura, "3D vehicle extraction and tracking from multiple viewpoints for traffic monitoring by using probability fusion map," in Proc. IEEE ITSC, 2007, pp. 30-35.
    • (2007) Proc IEEE ITSC , pp. 30-35
    • Hu, Z.1    Wang, C.2    Uchimura, K.3
  • 30
    • 33847734794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking-in and looking-out of a vehicle: Computer-vision-based enhanced vehicle safety
    • Mar.
    • M. M. Trivedi, T. Gandhi, J. McCall, "Looking-in and looking-out of a vehicle: Computer-vision-based enhanced vehicle safety," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 108-120, Mar. 2007.
    • (2007) IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 108-120
    • Trivedi, M.M.1    Gandhi, T.2    McCall, J.3
  • 31
    • 85010059254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capteur omnidirectionnel optimal pour le diagnostic de la circulation dans les carrefours urbains
    • Trégastel, France
    • A. Ghorayeb et al., " Capteur omnidirectionnel optimal pour le diagnostic de la circulation dans les carrefours urbains," presented at the ORASIS-Congrès des Jeunes Chercheurs en Vision par Ordinateur, Trégastel, France, 2009.
    • (2009) ORASIS-Congrès des Jeunes Chercheurs en Vision Par Ordinateur
    • Ghorayeb, A.1
  • 32
    • 50249106459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin-Destination (OD) trip table estimation using traffic movement counts from vehicle tracking system at intersection
    • S.-M. Lee and H. Baik, "Origin-Destination (OD) trip table estimation using traffic movement counts from vehicle tracking system at intersection," in Proc. 32nd Annu. Conf. IEEE IECON, 2006, pp. 3332-3337.
    • (2006) Proc. 32nd Annu. Conf. IEEE IECON , pp. 3332-3337
    • Lee, S.-M.1    Baik, H.2
  • 36
    • 52049098006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 6D vision goes fisheye for intersection assistance
    • S. Gehrig, C. Rabe, L. Krüger, "6D vision goes fisheye for intersection assistance," in Proc. Can. Conf. CRV, 2008, pp. 34-41.
    • (2008) Proc. Can. Conf. CRV , pp. 34-41
    • Gehrig, S.1    Rabe, C.2    Krüger, L.3
  • 37
    • 84888118878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vehicle tracking at urban intersections using dense stereo
    • Ghent, Belgium Nov.
    • D. Pfeiffer, A. Barth, U. Franke, "Vehicle tracking at urban intersections using dense stereo," in Proc. 3rd Workshop BMI, Ghent, Belgium, Nov. 2009, pp. 47-58.
    • (2009) Proc. 3rd Workshop BMI , pp. 47-58
    • Pfeiffer, D.1    Barth, A.2    Franke, U.3
  • 38
    • 73849102529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensing an intersection using a network of laser scanners and video cameras
    • Summer
    • H. Zhao et al., "Sensing an intersection using a network of laser scanners and video cameras," IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Mag., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 31-37, Summer 2009.
    • (2009) IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Mag. , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 31-37
    • Zhao, H.1
  • 39
    • 79960771961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersection safety using lidar and stereo vision sensors
    • O. Aycard et al., "Intersection safety using lidar and stereo vision sensors," in Proc. IEEE Intell. Veh. Symp., 2011, pp. 863-869.
    • (2011) Proc IEEE Intell. Veh. Symp. , pp. 863-869
    • Aycard, O.1
  • 40
    • 84871208763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperative multi sensor network for traffic safety applications at intersections
    • M. Goldhammer et al., "Cooperative multi sensor network for traffic safety applications at intersections," in Proc. 15th IEEE ITSC, 2012, pp. 1178-1183.
    • (2012) Proc. 15th IEEE ITSC , pp. 1178-1183
    • Goldhammer, M.1
  • 43
    • 80052346510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of computer vision techniques for the analysis of urban traffic
    • Sep.
    • N. Buch, S. A. Velastin, J. Orwell, "A review of computer vision techniques for the analysis of urban traffic," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 920-939, Sep. 2011.
    • (2011) IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 920-939
    • Buch, N.1    Velastin, S.A.2    Orwell, J.3
  • 44
    • 84890437069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking at vehicles on the road: A survey of vision-based vehicle detection, tracking and behavior analysis
    • Dec.
    • S. Sivaraman and M. M. Trivedi, "Looking at vehicles on the road: A survey of vision-based vehicle detection, tracking and behavior analysis," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1773-1795, Dec. 2013.
    • (2013) IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 1773-1795
    • Sivaraman, S.1    Trivedi, M.M.2
  • 45
    • 41849105405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Minnesota mobile intersection surveillance system
    • L. Alexander et al., "The Minnesota mobile intersection surveillance system," in Proc. IEEE ITSC, 2006, pp. 139-144.
    • (2006) Proc IEEE ITSC , pp. 139-144
    • Alexander, L.1
  • 46
    • 83755229281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectory analysis of moving objects at intersection based on laser-data
    • J. Sha et al., "Trajectory analysis of moving objects at intersection based on laser-data," in Proc. 14th IEEE ITSC, 2011, pp. 289-294.
    • (2011) Proc. 14th IEEE ITSC , pp. 289-294
    • Sha, J.1
  • 47
    • 84864993194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3D lidar point cloud based intersection recognition for autonomous driving
    • Q. Zhu et al., "3D lidar point cloud based intersection recognition for autonomous driving," in Proc. IEEE IV Symp., 2012, pp. 456-461.
    • (2012) Proc IEEE IV Symp. , pp. 456-461
    • Zhu, Q.1
  • 49
    • 78149260999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of distributed computer vision algorithms
    • NewYork, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag
    • R. J. Radke, "A survey of distributed computer vision algorithms," in Handbook of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments. NewYork, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag, 2010, pp. 35-55.
    • (2010) Handbook of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments , pp. 35-55
    • Radke, R.J.1
  • 50
    • 84916608444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contextual combination of appearance and motion for intersection videos with vehicles and pedestrians
    • Cham, Switzerland: Springer-Verlag
    • M. S. Shirazi and B. Morris, "Contextual combination of appearance and motion for intersection videos with vehicles and pedestrians," in Advances in Visual Computing. Cham, Switzerland: Springer-Verlag, 2014, pp. 708-717.
    • (2014) Advances in Visual Computing , pp. 708-717
    • Shirazi, M.S.1    Morris, B.2
  • 51
    • 63849117955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unsupervised activity perception in crowded and complicated scenes using hierarchical Bayesian models
    • Mar.
    • X. Wang, X. Ma, W. E. L. Grimson, "Unsupervised activity perception in crowded and complicated scenes using hierarchical Bayesian models," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 539-555, Mar. 2009.
    • (2009) IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 539-555
    • Wang, X.1    Ma, X.2    Grimson, W.E.L.3
  • 52
    • 85027388574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Dept. Transp. Next Generation Simulation Systems (NGSIM). Accessed on: Oct. 1, 2015. [Online]. Available
    • U.S. Dept. Transp., Next Generation Simulation Systems (NGSIM). Accessed on: Oct. 1, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://goo.gl/zHOX5M
  • 53
    • 63849130513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating acceleration and lane-changingdynamics from next generation simulation trajectory data
    • C. Thiemann, M. Treiber, A. Kesting, "Estimating acceleration and lane-changingdynamics from next generation simulation trajectory data," Transp. Res. Rec., J. Transp. Res. Board, no. 2088, pp. 90-101, 2008.
    • (2008) Transp. Res. Rec., J. Transp. Res. Board , Issue.2088 , pp. 90-101
    • Thiemann, C.1    Treiber, M.2    Kesting, A.3
  • 54
    • 84885166236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vehicle trajectory reconstruction for signalized intersections using mobile traffic sensors
    • Nov.
    • Z. Sun and X. J. Ban, "Vehicle trajectory reconstruction for signalized intersections using mobile traffic sensors," Transp. Res. C, Emerging Technol., vol. 36, pp. 268-283, Nov. 2013.
    • (2013) Transp. Res. C, Emerging Technol. , vol.36 , pp. 268-283
    • Sun, Z.1    Ban, X.J.2
  • 55
    • 84863415921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal timing estimation using sample intersection travel times
    • Jun.
    • P. Hao, X. Ban, K. P. Bennett, Q. Ji, Z. Sun, "Signal timing estimation using sample intersection travel times," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 792-804, Jun. 2012.
    • (2012) IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 792-804
    • Hao, P.1    Ban, X.2    Bennett, K.P.3    Ji, Q.4    Sun, Z.5
  • 56
    • 84866039287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards fine-grained urban traffic knowledge extraction using mobile sensing
    • X. J. Ban and M. Gruteser, "Towards fine-grained urban traffic knowledge extraction using mobile sensing," in Proc. ACM SIGKDD Int. Workshop Urban Comput., 2012, pp. 111-117.
    • (2012) Proc. ACM SIGKDD Int. Workshop Urban Comput. , pp. 111-117
    • Ban, X.J.1    Gruteser, M.2
  • 57
    • 84899105423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traffic event classification at intersections based on the severity of abnormality
    • Apr.
    • Ö. Aköz and M. E. Karsligil, "Traffic event classification at intersections based on the severity of abnormality," Mach. Vis. Appl., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 613-632, Apr. 2014.
    • (2014) Mach. Vis. Appl. , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 613-632
    • Aköz, O.1    Karsligil, M.E.2
  • 58
    • 33746576905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A system for learning statistical motion patterns
    • Sep.
    • W. Hu et al., "A system for learning statistical motion patterns," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 1450-1464, Sep. 2006.
    • (2006) IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. , vol.28 , Issue.9 , pp. 1450-1464
    • Hu, W.1
  • 59
    • 77956458108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting and discriminating behaviouralanomalies
    • Jan.
    • C. C. Loy, T. Xiang, S. Gong, "Detecting and discriminating behaviouralanomalies," PatternRecognit., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 117-132, Jan. 2011.
    • (2011) Pattern Recognit. , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 117-132
    • Loy, C.C.1    Xiang, T.2    Gong, S.3
  • 60
    • 84867864817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Video behaviour mining using a dynamic topic model
    • Jul.
    • T. Hospedales, S. Gong, T. Xiang, "Video behaviour mining using a dynamic topic model," Int. J. Comput. Vis., vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 303-323, Jul. 2012.
    • (2012) Int. J. Comput. Vis. , vol.98 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-323
    • Hospedales, T.1    Gong, S.2    Xiang, T.3
  • 62
    • 51849143244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initialization of model-based vehicle tracking in video sequences of inner-city intersections
    • Nov.
    • A. Ottlik and H.-H. Nagel, "Initialization of model-based vehicle tracking in video sequences of inner-city intersections," Int. J. Comput. Vis., vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 211-225, Nov. 2008.
    • (2008) Int. J. Comput. Vis. , vol.80 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-225
    • Ottlik, A.1    Nagel, H.-H.2
  • 63
    • 84904701193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban tracker: Multiple object tracking in urban mixed traffic
    • J.-P. Jodoin, G.-A. Bilodeau, N. Saunier, "Urban tracker: Multiple object tracking in urban mixed traffic," in Proc. IEEE WACV, 2014, pp. 885-892.
    • (2014) Proc IEEE WACV , pp. 885-892
    • Jodoin, J.-P.1    Bilodeau, G.-A.2    Saunier, N.3
  • 64
    • 3042640872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new high speed CMOS camera for real-time tracking applications
    • U. Muehlmann, M. Ribo, P. Lang, A. Pinz, "A new high speed CMOS camera for real-time tracking applications," in Proc. IEEE ICRA, 2004, vol. 5, pp. 5195-5200.
    • (2004) Proc. IEEE ICRA , vol.5 , pp. 5195-5200
    • Muehlmann, U.1    Ribo, M.2    Lang, P.3    Pinz, A.4
  • 65
    • 79951626113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vehicles tracking and classification using traffic zones in a hybrid scheme for intersection traffic management by smart cameras
    • P. Babaei, "Vehicles tracking and classification using traffic zones in a hybrid scheme for intersection traffic management by smart cameras," in Proc. ICSIP, 2010, pp. 49-53.
    • (2010) Proc. ICSIP , pp. 49-53
    • Babaei, P.1
  • 67
    • 84929224344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Road intersection monitoring from video with large perspective deformation
    • Sep.
    • T. Furuya and C. J. Taylor, "Road intersection monitoring from video with large perspective deformation," in Proc. 21st World Congr. Intell. Transp. Syst., Sep. 2014, pp. 1-12.
    • (2014) Proc. 21st World Congr. Intell. Transp. Syst. , pp. 1-12
    • Furuya, T.1    Taylor, C.J.2
  • 69
    • 84904512783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrinsic calibration of heterogeneous cameras by line images
    • Aug.
    • D. S. Ly, C. Demonceaux, P. Vasseur, C. Pégard, "Extrinsic calibration of heterogeneous cameras by line images," Mach. Vis. Appl., vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1601-1614, Aug. 2014.
    • (2014) Mach. Vis. Appl. , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 1601-1614
    • Ly, D.S.1    Demonceaux, C.2    Vasseur, P.3    Pégard, C.4
  • 71
    • 77953122621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A taxonomy and analysis of camera calibration methods for traffic monitoring applications
    • Jun.
    • N. K. Kanhere and S. T. Birchfield, "A taxonomy and analysis of camera calibration methods for traffic monitoring applications," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 441-452, Jun. 2010.
    • (2010) IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 441-452
    • Kanhere, N.K.1    Birchfield, S.T.2
  • 72
    • 84919772000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic camera calibration for traffic understanding
    • M. Dubska, J. Sochor, A. Herout, "Automatic camera calibration for traffic understanding," in Proc. BMVC, 2014, pp. 1-10.
    • (2014) Proc. BMVC , pp. 1-10
    • Dubska, M.1    Sochor, J.2    Herout, A.3
  • 74
    • 84925445846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real time multi-vehicle tracking and counting at intersections from a fisheye camera
    • W. Wang, T. Gee, J. Price, H. Qi, "Real time multi-vehicle tracking and counting at intersections from a fisheye camera," in Proc. IEEE WACV, 2015, pp. 17-24.
    • (2015) Proc IEEE WACV , pp. 17-24
    • Wang, W.1    Gee, T.2    Price, J.3    Qi, H.4
  • 75
    • 67649184571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and classification of vehicles for urban traffic scenes
    • N. Buch, J. Orwell, S. A. Velastin, "Detection and classification of vehicles for urban traffic scenes," in Proc. 5th Int. Vis. Inf. Eng., 2008, pp. 182-187.
    • (2008) Proc. 5th Int. Vis. Inf. Eng. , pp. 182-187
    • Buch, N.1    Orwell, J.2    Velastin, S.A.3
  • 76
    • 33846013241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Object tracking: A survey
    • A. Yilmaz, O. Javed, M. Shah, "Object tracking: A survey," ACM Comput. Surv., vol. 38, no. 4, p. 13, 2006.
    • (2006) ACM Comput. Surv. , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 13
    • Yilmaz, A.1    Javed, O.2    Shah, M.3
  • 77
    • 33845355035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A feature-based tracking algorithm for vehicles in intersections
    • Jun.
    • N. Saunier and T. Sayed, "A feature-based tracking algorithm for vehicles in intersections," in Proc. 3rd Can. Conf. Comput. Robot Vis., Jun. 2006, pp. 59.
    • (2006) Proc. 3rd Can. Conf. Comput. Robot Vis , pp. 59
    • Saunier, N.1    Sayed, T.2
  • 78
    • 79957497122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ViBe: A universal background subtraction algorithm for video sequences
    • Jun.
    • O. Barnich and M. Van Droogenbroeck, "ViBe: A universal background subtraction algorithm for video sequences," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1709-1724, Jun. 2011.
    • (2011) IEEE Trans. Image Process. , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 1709-1724
    • Barnich, O.1    Van Droogenbroeck, M.2
  • 79
    • 84898063054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive review of background subtraction algorithms evaluated with synthetic and real videos
    • May
    • A. Sobral and A. Vacavant, "A comprehensive review of background subtraction algorithms evaluated with synthetic and real videos," Comput. Vis. Image Understand., vol. 122, pp. 4-21, May 2014.
    • (2014) Comput. Vis. Image Understand. , vol.122 , pp. 4-21
    • Sobral, A.1    Vacavant, A.2
  • 80
    • 83655191930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shadow detection: A survey and comparative evaluation of recent methods
    • Apr.
    • A. Sanin, C. Sanderson, B. C. Lovell, "Shadow detection: A survey and comparative evaluation of recent methods," Pattern Recognit., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 1684-1695, Apr. 2012.
    • (2012) Pattern Recognit. , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 1684-1695
    • Sanin, A.1    Sanderson, C.2    Lovell, B.C.3
  • 81
    • 0037318695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Image processing and behavior planning for intelligent vehicles
    • Feb.
    • T. Bucher et al., "Image processing and behavior planning for intelligent vehicles," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 62-75, Feb. 2003.
    • (2003) IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-75
    • Bucher, T.1
  • 82
    • 33845533180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliable detection of overtaking vehicles using robust information fusion
    • Dec.
    • Y. Zhu, D. Comaniciu, M. Pellkofer, T. Koehler, "Reliable detection of overtaking vehicles using robust information fusion," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 401-414, Dec. 2006.
    • (2006) IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 401-414
    • Zhu, Y.1    Comaniciu, D.2    Pellkofer, M.3    Koehler, T.4
  • 83
    • 3042525440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real time obstacle detection in stereovision on non flat road geometry through 'v-disparity' representation
    • R. Labayrade, D. Aubert, J.-P. Tarel, "Real time obstacle detection in stereovision on non flat road geometry through 'v-disparity' representation," in Proc. IEEE Intell. Veh. Symp., 2002, vol. 2, pp. 646-651.
    • (2002) Proc IEEE Intell. Veh. Symp. , vol.2 , pp. 646-651
    • Labayrade, R.1    Aubert, D.2    Tarel, J.-P.3
  • 84
    • 82455187945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling and tracking the driving environment with a particle-based occupancy grid
    • Dec.
    • R. Danescu, F. Oniga, S. Nedevschi, "Modeling and tracking the driving environment with a particle-based occupancy grid," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1331-1342, Dec. 2011.
    • (2011) IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 1331-1342
    • Danescu, R.1    Oniga, F.2    Nedevschi, S.3
  • 85
    • 77955307805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of stereo vision-based position and velocity estimation and tracking using a stripe-based disparity estimation and inverse perspective map-based extended Kalman filter
    • Sep.
    • Y.-C. Lim,M. Lee, C.-H. Lee, S. Kwon, J.-H. Lee, "Improvement of stereo vision-based position and velocity estimation and tracking using a stripe-based disparity estimation and inverse perspective map-based extended Kalman filter," Opt. Lasers Eng., vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 859-868, Sep. 2010.
    • (2010) Opt. Lasers Eng. , vol.48 , Issue.9 , pp. 859-868
    • Lim, Y.-C.1    Lee, M.2    Lee, C.-H.3    Kwon, S.4    Lee, J.-H.5
  • 86
    • 10044283945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vision-based traffic measurement system
    • J. M. Wang et al., "Vision-based traffic measurement system," in Proc. 17th ICPR, 2004, vol. 4, pp. 360-363.
    • (2004) Proc. 17th ICPR , vol.4 , pp. 360-363
    • Wang, J.M.1
  • 87
    • 78249277921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Background subtraction for automated multisensor surveillance: A comprehensive review
    • Aug.
    • M. Cristani, M. Farenzena, D. Bloisi, V. Murino, "Background subtraction for automated multisensor surveillance: A comprehensive review," EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process., vol. 2010, no. 1, Aug. 2010, Art. ID 343057.
    • (2010) EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. , vol.2010 , Issue.1
    • Cristani, M.1    Farenzena, M.2    Bloisi, D.3    Murino, V.4
  • 88
    • 0032634283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive background mixture models for real-time tracking
    • C. Stauffer andW. E. L. Grimson, "Adaptive background mixture models for real-time tracking," in Proc. IEEE Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog., 1999, vol. 2, pp. 246-252.
    • (1999) Proc IEEE Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog. , vol.2 , pp. 246-252
    • Stauffer, C.1    Grimson, W.E.L.2
  • 89
    • 70449580219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Background modeling using mixture of Gaussians for foreground detection-A survey
    • Nov.
    • T. Bouwmans, F. El Baf, B. Vachon, "Background modeling using mixture of Gaussians for foreground detection-A survey," Recent Patents Comput. Sci., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 219-237, Nov. 2008.
    • (2008) Recent Patents Comput. Sci. , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 219-237
    • Bouwmans, T.1    El Baf, F.2    Vachon, B.3
  • 90
    • 51949113116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matching vehicles under large pose transformations using approximate 3D models and piecewise MRF model
    • Y. Guo et al., "Matching vehicles under large pose transformations using approximate 3D models and piecewise MRF model," in Proc. IEEE CVPR, 2008, pp. 1-8.
    • (2008) Proc IEEE CVPR , pp. 1-8
    • Guo, Y.1
  • 91
    • 2942594628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traffic accident prediction using 3-D model-based vehicle tracking
    • May
    • W. Hu, X. Xiao, D. Xie, T. Tan, S. Maybank, "Traffic accident prediction using 3-D model-based vehicle tracking," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 677-694, May 2004.
    • (2004) IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 677-694
    • Hu, W.1    Xiao, X.2    Xie, D.3    Tan, T.4    Maybank, S.5
  • 93
    • 67349172715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining shadow detection and simulation for estimation of vehicle size and position
    • Jun.
    • B. Johansson, J. Wiklund, P.-E. Forssén, G. Granlund, "Combining shadow detection and simulation for estimation of vehicle size and position," Pattern Recognit. Lett., vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 751-759, Jun. 2009.
    • (2009) Pattern Recognit. Lett. , vol.30 , Issue.8 , pp. 751-759
    • Johansson, B.1    Wiklund, J.2    Forssén, P.-E.3    Granlund, G.4
  • 94
    • 33144466752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A texture-based method for modeling the background and detecting moving objects
    • Apr.
    • M. Heikkila and M. Pietikainen, "A texture-based method for modeling the background and detecting moving objects," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 657-662, Apr. 2006.
    • (2006) IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 657-662
    • Heikkila, M.1    Pietikainen, M.2
  • 95
    • 38349071633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Video-based vehicle detection and classification system for real-time traffic data collection using uncalibrated video cameras
    • G. Zhang, R. P. Avery, Y. Wang, "Video-based vehicle detection and classification system for real-time traffic data collection using uncalibrated video cameras," Transp. Res. Rec., J. Transp. Res. Board, vol. 1993, no. 1, pp. 138-147, 2007.
    • (2007) Transp. Res. Rec., J. Transp. Res. Board , vol.1993 , Issue.1 , pp. 138-147
    • Zhang, G.1    Avery, R.P.2    Wang, Y.3
  • 96
    • 33947248998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vehicle detection using normalized color and edge map
    • Mar.
    • L.-W. Tsai, J.-W. Hsieh, K.-C. Fan, "Vehicle detection using normalized color and edge map," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 850-864, Mar. 2007.
    • (2007) IEEE Trans. Image Process. , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 850-864
    • Tsai, L.-W.1    Hsieh, J.-W.2    Fan, K.-C.3
  • 98
    • 78650426138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating surrounding vehicles' pose using computer vision
    • J. Nuevo, I. Parra, J. Sjoberg, L. M. Bergasa, "Estimating surrounding vehicles' pose using computer vision," in Proc. 13th IEEE ITSC, 2010, pp. 1863-1868.
    • (2010) Proc. 13th IEEE ITSC , pp. 1863-1868
    • Nuevo, J.1    Parra, I.2    Sjoberg, J.3    Bergasa, L.M.4
  • 99
    • 79958170926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vehicle detection and tracking in car video based on motion model
    • Jun.
    • A. Jazayeri, H. Cai, J. Y. Zheng, M. Tuceryan, "Vehicle detection and tracking in car video based on motion model," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 583-595, Jun. 2011.
    • (2011) IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 583-595
    • Jazayeri, A.1    Cai, H.2    Zheng, J.Y.3    Tuceryan, M.4
  • 100
    • 34547289758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fusing multiple 2D visual features for vehicle detection
    • C. Hoffmann, "Fusing multiple 2D visual features for vehicle detection," in Proc. IEEE Intell. Veh. Symp., 2006, pp. 406-411.
    • (2006) Proc IEEE Intell. Veh. Symp. , pp. 406-411
    • Hoffmann, C.1
  • 101
    • 47849116392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Larasidecam: A fast and robust visionbased blindspot detection system
    • N. Blanc, B. Steux, T. Hinz, "Larasidecam: A fast and robust visionbased blindspot detection system," in Proc. IEEE Intell. Veh. Symp., 2007, pp. 480-485.
    • (2007) Proc IEEE Intell. Veh. Symp. , pp. 480-485
    • Blanc, N.1    Steux, B.2    Hinz, T.3
  • 102
    • 49249086913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vehicle detection under various lighting conditions by incorporating particle filter
    • Y.-M. Chan, S.-S. Huang, L.-C. Fu, P.-Y. Hsiao, "Vehicle detection under various lighting conditions by incorporating particle filter," in Proc. IEEE ITSC, 2007, pp. 534-539.
    • (2007) Proc IEEE ITSC , pp. 534-539
    • Chan, Y.-M.1    Huang, S.-S.2    Fu, L.-C.3    Hsiao, P.-Y.4
  • 103
    • 84896836868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of feature combination for vehicle detection based on image processing
    • J. Arróspide and L. Salgado, "A study of feature combination for vehicle detection based on image processing," Sci. World J., vol. 2014, 2014, Art. ID 196251.
    • (2014) Sci. World J. , vol.2014
    • Arróspide, J.1    Salgado, L.2
  • 104
    • 83755195870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vehicle detection using an extended hidden random field model
    • X. Zhang, N. Zheng, Y. He, F. Wang, "Vehicle detection using an extended hidden random field model," in Proc. 14th IEEE ITSC, 2011, pp. 1555-1559.
    • (2011) Proc. 14th IEEE ITSC , pp. 1555-1559
    • Zhang, X.1    Zheng, N.2    He, Y.3    Wang, F.4
  • 105
    • 84885596189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-camera vehicle tracking via affine invariant object matching for video forensics applications
    • C.-Y. Hsu, L.-W. Kang, H.-Y. M. Liao, "Cross-camera vehicle tracking via affine invariant object matching for video forensics applications," in Proc. IEEE ICME, 2013, pp. 1-6.
    • (2013) Proc IEEE ICME , pp. 1-6
    • Hsu, C.-Y.1    Kang, L.-W.2    Liao, H.-Y.M.3
  • 106
    • 33745625892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monocular precrash vehicle detection: Features and classifiers
    • Jul.
    • Z. Sun, G. Bebis, R. Miller, "Monocular precrash vehicle detection: Features and classifiers," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 2019-2034, Jul. 2006.
    • (2006) IEEE Trans. Image Process. , vol.15 , Issue.7 , pp. 2019-2034
    • Sun, Z.1    Bebis, G.2    Miller, R.3
  • 107
    • 77956541505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual classification of coarse vehicle orientation using histogram of oriented gradients features
    • P. E. Rybski, D. Huber, D. D. Morris, R. Hoffman, "Visual classification of coarse vehicle orientation using histogram of oriented gradients features," in Proc.IEEE IV Symp., 2010, pp. 921-928.
    • (2010) Proc IEEE IV Symp. , pp. 921-928
    • Rybski, P.E.1    Huber, D.2    Morris, D.D.3    Hoffman, R.4
  • 108
    • 84890437514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vision-based vehicle detection system with consideration of the detecting location
    • Sep.
    • M. Cheon, W. Lee, C. Yoon, M. Park, "Vision-based vehicle detection system with consideration of the detecting location," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1243-1252, Sep. 2012.
    • (2012) IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 1243-1252
    • Cheon, M.1    Lee, W.2    Yoon, C.3    Park, M.4
  • 109
    • 21644463633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-road vehicle detection using evolutionary Gabor filter optimization
    • Jun.
    • Z. Sun, G. Bebis, R. Miller, "On-road vehicle detection using evolutionary Gabor filter optimization," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 125-137, Jun. 2005.
    • (2005) IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-137
    • Sun, Z.1    Bebis, G.2    Miller, R.3
  • 110
    • 78249263859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preceding vehicle detection using histograms of oriented gradients
    • L. Mao, M. Xie, Y. Huang, Y. Zhang, "Preceding vehicle detection using histograms of oriented gradients," in Proc. ICCCAS, 2010, pp. 354-358.
    • (2010) Proc. ICCCAS , pp. 354-358
    • Mao, L.1    Xie, M.2    Huang, Y.3    Zhang, Y.4
  • 112
    • 35148872716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belief propagation in a 3D spatio-temporal MRF for moving object detection
    • Z. Yin and R. Collins, "Belief propagation in a 3D spatio-temporal MRF for moving object detection," in Proc. IEEE CVPR, 2007, pp. 1-8.
    • (2007) Proc IEEE CVPR , pp. 1-8
    • Yin, Z.1    Collins, R.2
  • 114
    • 83755196477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time vehicle detection and tracking using stereo vision and multi-view AdaBoost
    • T. Kowsari, S. S. Beauchemin, J. Cho, "Real-time vehicle detection and tracking using stereo vision and multi-view AdaBoost," in Proc. 14th IEEE ITSC, 2011, pp. 1255-1260.
    • (2011) Proc. 14th IEEE ITSC , pp. 1255-1260
    • Kowsari, T.1    Beauchemin, S.S.2    Cho, J.3
  • 116
    • 43749116180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel optical flow optimization using pulse-coupled neural network and smallest univalue segment assimilating nucleus
    • Nov.
    • Y. Cao, A. Renfrew, P. Cook, "Novel optical flow optimization using pulse-coupled neural network and smallest univalue segment assimilating nucleus," in Proc. Int. Symp. ISPACS, Nov. 2007, pp. 264-267.
    • (2007) Proc. Int. Symp. ISPACS , pp. 264-267
    • Cao, Y.1    Renfrew, A.2    Cook, P.3
  • 117
    • 79960781626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crossing obstacle detection with a vehicle-mounted camera
    • I. Sato, C. Yamano, H. Yanagawa, Crossing obstacle detection with a vehicle-mounted camera," in Proc. IEEE IV Symp., 2011, pp. 60-65.
    • (2011) Proc IEEE IV Symp. , pp. 60-65
    • Sato, I.1    Yamano, C.2    Yanagawa, H.3
  • 118
    • 70350435667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stixel world-a compact medium level representation of the 3D-world
    • Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag
    • H. Badino, U. Franke, D. Pfeiffer, "The stixel world-a compact medium level representation of the 3D-world," in Pattern Recognition. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 2009, pp. 51-60.
    • (2009) Pattern Recognition , pp. 51-60
    • Badino, H.1    Franke, U.2    Pfeiffer, D.3
  • 119
    • 79960818925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving vehicle detection by optimal segmentation of the dynamic stixel world
    • F. Erbs, A. Barth, U. Franke, "Moving vehicle detection by optimal segmentation of the dynamic stixel world," in Proc. IEEE IV Symp., 2011, pp. 951-956.
    • (2011) Proc IEEE IV Symp. , pp. 951-956
    • Erbs, F.1    Barth, A.2    Franke, U.3
  • 120
    • 47849090426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast detection of moving objects in complex scenarios
    • C. Rabe, U. Franke, S. Gehrig, "Fast detection of moving objects in complex scenarios," in Proc. IEEE Intell. Veh. Symp., 2007, pp. 398-403.
    • (2007) Proc IEEE Intell. Veh. Symp. , pp. 398-403
    • Rabe, C.1    Franke, U.2    Gehrig, S.3
  • 121
    • 77956523741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Object flow: A descriptor for classifying traffic motion
    • A. Geiger and B. Kitt, "Object flow: A descriptor for classifying traffic motion," in Proc. IEEE IV Symp., 2010, pp. 287-293.
    • (2010) Proc IEEE IV Symp. , pp. 287-293
    • Geiger, A.1    Kitt, B.2
  • 122
    • 34547160686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rear-vehicle detection system for static images based on monocular vision
    • X. Wen, H. Zhao, N. Wang, H. Yuan, "A rear-vehicle detection system for static images based on monocular vision," in Proc. 9th ICARCV, 2006, pp. 1-4.
    • (2006) Proc. 9th ICARCV , pp. 1-4
    • Wen, X.1    Zhao, H.2    Wang, N.3    Yuan, H.4
  • 123
    • 34547523793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple vehicle visual tracking from a moving vehicle
    • M. Lin and X. Xu, "Multiple vehicle visual tracking from a moving vehicle," in Proc.6th ISDA, 2006, vol. 2, pp. 373-378.
    • (2006) Proc.6th ISDA , vol.2 , pp. 373-378
    • Lin, M.1    Xu, X.2
  • 125
    • 0023855839 scopus 로고
    • An introduction to neural computing
    • T. Kohonen, "An introduction to neural computing," Neural Netw., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3-16, 1988.
    • (1988) Neural Netw. , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-16
    • Kohonen, T.1
  • 126
    • 84983110889 scopus 로고
    • A desicion-theoretic generalization of online learning and an application to boosting
    • Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag
    • Y. Freund and R. E. Schapire, "A desicion-theoretic generalization of online learning and an application to boosting," in Computational Learning Theory. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1995, pp. 23-37.
    • (1995) Computational Learning Theory , pp. 23-37
    • Freund, Y.1    Schapire, R.E.2
  • 127
    • 84948697959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-road vehicle detection using Gabor filters and support vector machines
    • Z. Sun, G. Bebis, R. Miller, "On-road vehicle detection using Gabor filters and support vector machines," in Proc. 14th Int. Conf. DSP, 2002, vol. 2, pp. 1019-1022.
    • (2002) Proc. 14th Int. Conf. DSP , vol.2 , pp. 1019-1022
    • Sun, Z.1    Bebis, G.2    Miller, R.3
  • 128
    • 33847725029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boosted Gabor features applied to vehicle detection
    • H. Cheng, N. Zheng, C. Sun, "Boosted Gabor features applied to vehicle detection," in Proc. 18th ICPR, 2006, vol. 1, pp. 662-666.
    • (2006) Proc. 18th ICPR , vol.1 , pp. 662-666
    • Cheng, H.1    Zheng, N.2    Sun, C.3
  • 129
    • 41849097463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legendre and Gabor moments for vehicle recognition in forward collision warning
    • Y. Zhang, S. J. Kiselewich, W. A. Bauson, "Legendre and Gabor moments for vehicle recognition in forward collision warning," in Proc. IEEE ITSC, 2006, pp. 1185-1190.
    • (2006) Proc IEEE ITSC , pp. 1185-1190
    • Zhang, Y.1    Kiselewich, S.J.2    Bauson, W.A.3
  • 130
    • 70350397319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vehicle detection algorithm using hypothesis generation and verification
    • Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag
    • Q. B. Truong and B. R. Lee, "Vehicle detection algorithm using hypothesis generation and verification," in Emerging Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 2009, pp. 534-543.
    • (2009) Emerging Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications , pp. 534-543
    • Truong, Q.B.1    Lee, B.R.2
  • 132
    • 84865047723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast visual road recognition and horizon detection using multiple artificial neural networks
    • P. Y. Shinzato, V. Grassi, F. S. Osório, D. F. Wolf, "Fast visual road recognition and horizon detection using multiple artificial neural networks," in Proc. IEEE IV Symp., 2012, pp. 1090-1095.
    • (2012) Proc IEEE IV Symp. , pp. 1090-1095
    • Shinzato, P.Y.1    Grassi, V.2    Osório, F.S.3    Wolf, D.F.4
  • 133
    • 84994108143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficient method of vehicle license plate recognition based on sliding concentric windows and artificial neural network
    • K. Deb, I. Khan, A. Saha, K.-H. Jo, "An efficient method of vehicle license plate recognition based on sliding concentric windows and artificial neural network," Procedia Technol., vol. 4, pp. 812-819, 2012.
    • (2012) Procedia Technol. , vol.4 , pp. 812-819
    • Deb, K.1    Khan, I.2    Saha, A.3    Jo, K.-H.4
  • 134
    • 84961320146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probabilistic neural networks based moving vehicles extraction algorithm for intelligent traffic surveillance systems
    • Apr.
    • B.-H. Chen and S.-C. Huang, "Probabilistic neural networks based moving vehicles extraction algorithm for intelligent traffic surveillance systems," Inf. Sci., vol. 299, pp. 283-295, Apr. 2015.
    • (2015) Inf. Sci. , vol.299 , pp. 283-295
    • Chen, B.-H.1    Huang, S.-C.2
  • 135
    • 0031211090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting
    • Aug.
    • Y. Freund and R. E. Schapire, "A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting," J. Comput. Syst. Sci., vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 119-139, Aug. 1997.
    • (1997) J. Comput. Syst. Sci. , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-139
    • Freund, Y.1    Schapire, R.E.2
  • 136
    • 0035680116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features
    • P. Viola and M. Jones, "Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features," in Proc. IEEE CVPR, 2001, vol. 1, pp. I-511-I-518.
    • (2001) Proc IEEE CVPR , vol.1 , pp. I511-I518
    • Viola, P.1    Jones, M.2
  • 137
    • 33746071160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real time machine learning based car detection in images with fast training
    • Aug.
    • M. Stojmenovic, "Real time machine learning based car detection in images with fast training," Mach. Vis. Appl., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 163-172, Aug. 2006.
    • (2006) Mach. Vis. Appl. , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 163-172
    • Stojmenovic, M.1
  • 138
    • 77949612453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of front-view vehiclewith occlusions usingAdaBoost
    • C.Wu, L. Duan, J. Miao, F. Fang, X.Wang, "Detection of front-view vehiclewith occlusions usingAdaBoost," in Proc. ICIECS, 2009, pp. 1-4.
    • (2009) Proc. ICIECS , pp. 1-4
    • Wu, C.1    Duan, L.2    Miao, J.3    Fang, F.4    Wang, X.5
  • 139
    • 84899057415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active learning for on-road vehicle detection: A comparative study
    • Apr.
    • S. Sivaraman and M. M. Trivedi, "Active learning for on-road vehicle detection: A comparative study," Mach. Vis. Appl., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 599-611, Apr. 2014.
    • (2014) Mach. Vis. Appl. , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 599-611
    • Sivaraman, S.1    Trivedi, M.M.2
  • 140
    • 64049118500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approximate Bayesian methods for kernel-based object tracking
    • Jun.
    • Z. Zivkovic, A. T. Cemgil, B. Krose, "Approximate Bayesian methods for kernel-based object tracking," Comput. Vis. Image Understand., vol. 113, no. 6, pp. 743-749, Jun. 2009.
    • (2009) Comput. Vis. Image Understand. , vol.113 , Issue.6 , pp. 743-749
    • Zivkovic, Z.1    Cemgil, A.T.2    Krose, B.3
  • 141
    • 49249092476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereovision based vehicle tracking in urban traffic environments
    • R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, M. M. Meinecke, T. Graf, "Stereovision based vehicle tracking in urban traffic environments," in Proc. IEEE ITSC, 2007, pp. 400-404.
    • (2007) Proc IEEE ITSC , pp. 400-404
    • Danescu, R.1    Nedevschi, S.2    Meinecke, M.M.3    Graf, T.4
  • 144
    • 0019647180 scopus 로고
    • An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision
    • B. D. Lucas and T. Kanade, An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision," in Proc. IJCAI, 1981, vol. 81, pp. 674-679.
    • (1981) Proc. IJCAI , vol.81 , pp. 674-679
    • Lucas, B.D.1    Kanade, T.2
  • 145
    • 0003743633 scopus 로고
    • School Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Tech. Rep. CMU-CS-91-132
    • C. Tomasi and T. Kanade, "Detection and tracking of point features," School Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Tech. Rep. CMU-CS-91-132, 1991.
    • (1991) Detection and Tracking of Point Features
    • Tomasi, C.1    Kanade, T.2
  • 146
    • 85024429815 scopus 로고
    • A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems
    • Mar.
    • R. E. Kalman, "A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems," Trans. ASME, J. Fluids Eng., vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 35-45, Mar. 1960.
    • (1960) Trans. ASME, J. Fluids Eng. , vol.82 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-45
    • Kalman, R.E.1
  • 147
    • 34547182788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and tracking of moving vehicles in crowded scenes
    • X. Song and R. Nevatia, "Detection and tracking of moving vehicles in crowded scenes," in Proc. IEEE Workshop WMVC, 2007, pp. 1-8.
    • (2007) Proc IEEE Workshop WMVC , pp. 1-8
    • Song, X.1    Nevatia, R.2
  • 148
    • 41849139023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust classification and tracking of vehicles in traffic video streams
    • B. Morris and M. Trivedi, "Robust classification and tracking of vehicles in traffic video streams," in Proc. IEEE ITSC, 2006, pp. 1078-1083.
    • (2006) Proc IEEE ITSC , pp. 1078-1083
    • Morris, B.1    Trivedi, M.2
  • 149
    • 50249105375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupled object detection and tracking from static cameras and moving vehicles
    • Oct.
    • B. Leibe, K. Schindler, N. Cornelis, L. Van Gool, "Coupled object detection and tracking from static cameras and moving vehicles," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 1683-1698, Oct. 2008.
    • (2008) IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1683-1698
    • Leibe, B.1    Schindler, K.2    Cornelis, N.3    Van Gool, L.4
  • 150
    • 0003993084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berlin Germany: Springer-Verlag
    • M. S. Grewal, Kalman Filtering. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 2011.
    • (2011) Kalman Filtering
    • Grewal, M.S.1
  • 151
    • 85028098081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vehicle detection and tracking in airborne videos by multi-motion layer analysis
    • Sep.
    • X. Cao, J. Lan, P. Yan, X. Li, "Vehicle detection and tracking in airborne videos by multi-motion layer analysis," Mach. Vis. Appl., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 921-935, Sep. 2012.
    • (2012) Mach. Vis. Appl. , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 921-935
    • Cao, X.1    Lan, J.2    Yan, P.3    Li, X.4
  • 152
    • 0032136153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional density propagation for visual tracking
    • Aug.
    • M. Isard and A. Blake, "Conditional density propagation for visual tracking," Int. J. Comput. Vis., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 5-28, Aug. 1998.
    • (1998) Int. J. Comput. Vis. , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-28
    • Isard, M.1    Blake, A.2
  • 153
    • 77951131231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tutorial on particle filtering and smoothing: Fifteen years later
    • Oxford, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press
    • A. Doucet and A. M. Johansen, "A tutorial on particle filtering and smoothing: Fifteen years later," Handbook of Nonlinear Filtering, vol. 12. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press, 2009, pp. 656-704.
    • (2009) Handbook of Nonlinear Filtering , vol.12 , pp. 656-704
    • Doucet, A.1    Johansen, A.M.2
  • 154
    • 80053126093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust visual tracking and vehicle classification via sparse representation
    • Nov.
    • X. Mei and H. Ling, "Robust visual tracking and vehicle classification via sparse representation," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 2259-2272, Nov. 2011.
    • (2011) IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. , vol.33 , Issue.11 , pp. 2259-2272
    • Mei, X.1    Ling, H.2
  • 155
    • 84875798450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vehicle detection and tracking under various lighting conditions using a particle filter
    • Mar.
    • Y.-M. Chan, S.-S. Huang, L.-C. Fu, P.-Y. Hsiao, M.-F. Lo, "Vehicle detection and tracking under various lighting conditions using a particle filter," IET Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-8, Mar. 2012.
    • (2012) IET Intell. Transp. Syst. , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-8
    • Chan, Y.-M.1    Huang, S.-S.2    Fu, L.-C.3    Hsiao, P.-Y.4    Lo, M.-F.5
  • 156
    • 84861878293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-road multivehicle tracking using deformable object model and particle filter with improved likelihood estimation
    • Jun.
    • H. T. Niknejad, A. Takeuchi, S. Mita, D. McAllester, "On-road multivehicle tracking using deformable object model and particle filter with improved likelihood estimation," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 748-758, Jun. 2012.
    • (2012) IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 748-758
    • Niknejad, H.T.1    Takeuchi, A.2    Mita, S.3    McAllester, D.4
  • 157
    • 60849128237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MCMC particle filter for real-time visual tracking of vehicles
    • F. Bardet and T. Chateau, "MCMC particle filter for real-time visual tracking of vehicles," in Proc. 11th IEEE ITSC, 2008, pp. 539-544.
    • (2008) Proc. 11th IEEE ITSC , pp. 539-544
    • Bardet, F.1    Chateau, T.2
  • 158
    • 77956550933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal omnidirectional sensor for urban traffic diagnosis in crossroads
    • A. Ghorayeb, A. Potelle, L. Devendeville, E. M. Mouaddib, "Optimal omnidirectional sensor for urban traffic diagnosis in crossroads," in Proc. IEEE IV Symp., 2010, pp. 597-602.
    • (2010) Proc IEEE IV Symp. , pp. 597-602
    • Ghorayeb, A.1    Potelle, A.2    Devendeville, L.3    Mouaddib, E.M.4
  • 159
    • 84900992117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple method for camera calibration of roundabout traffic scenes using a single circle
    • May
    • H. Dinh and H. Tang, "Simple method for camera calibration of roundabout traffic scenes using a single circle," IET Intell. Transpo. Syst., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 175-182, May 2013.
    • (2013) IET Intell. Transpo. Syst. , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 175-182
    • Dinh, H.1    Tang, H.2
  • 161
    • 3042620349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining multiple tracking modalities for vehicle tracking at traffic intersections
    • H. Veeraraghavan and N. Papanikolopoulos, "Combining multiple tracking modalities for vehicle tracking at traffic intersections," in Proc. IEEE ICRA, 2004, vol. 3, pp. 2303-2308.
    • (2004) Proc IEEE ICRA , vol.3 , pp. 2303-2308
    • Veeraraghavan, H.1    Papanikolopoulos, N.2
  • 162
    • 26444527437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3D-connected components analysis for traffic monitoring in image sequences acquired from a helicopter
    • Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag
    • M. Molinier, T. Häme, H. Ahola, "3D-connected components analysis for traffic monitoring in image sequences acquired from a helicopter," in Image Analysis. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 2005, pp. 141-150.
    • (2005) Image Analysis , pp. 141-150
    • Molinier, M.1    Häme, T.2    Ahola, H.3
  • 163
    • 78650466102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking oncoming and turning vehicles at intersections
    • Sep.
    • A. Barth and U. Franke, "Tracking oncoming and turning vehicles at intersections," in Proc. 13th IEEE ITSC, Sep. 2010, pp. 861-868.
    • (2010) Proc. 13th IEEE ITSC , pp. 861-868
    • Barth, A.1    Franke, U.2
  • 164
    • 79960791791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fusion of telemetric and visual data from road scenes with a lexus experimental platform
    • I. E. Paromtchik, M. Perrollaz, C. Laugier, "Fusion of telemetric and visual data from road scenes with a lexus experimental platform," in Proc. IEEE IV Symp., 2011, pp. 746-751.
    • (2011) Proc IEEE IV Symp. , pp. 746-751
    • Paromtchik, I.E.1    Perrollaz, M.2    Laugier, C.3
  • 165
    • 84864981574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • May i enter the roundabout? A time-to-contact computation based on stereo-vision
    • Jun.
    • M. Muffert, T. Milbich, D. Pfeiffer, U. Franke, "May I enter the roundabout? A time-to-contact computation based on stereo-vision," in Proc. IEEE IV Symp., Jun. 2012, pp. 565-570.
    • (2012) Proc IEEE IV Symp. , pp. 565-570
    • Muffert, M.1    Milbich, T.2    Pfeiffer, D.3    Franke, U.4
  • 166
    • 34547550176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple-target tracking for crossroad traffic utilizing modified probabilistic data association
    • H. Y. Cheng and J. N. Hwang, "Multiple-target tracking for crossroad traffic utilizing modified probabilistic data association," in Proc. IEEE ICASSP, 2007, vol. 1, pp. I-921-I-924.
    • (2007) Proc IEEE ICASSP , vol.1 , pp. I921-I924
    • Cheng, H.Y.1    Hwang, J.N.2
  • 167
    • 0028519374 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of traffic conflicts at unsignalized intersections with TSC-sim
    • Oct.
    • T. Sayed, G. Brown, F. Navin, "Simulation of traffic conflicts at unsignalized intersections with TSC-sim," Accid. Anal. Prev., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 593-607, Oct. 1994.
    • (1994) Accid. Anal. Prev. , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 593-607
    • Sayed, T.1    Brown, G.2    Navin, F.3
  • 169
    • 49249091571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probabilistic collision prediction for vision-based automated road safety analysis
    • N. Saunier, T. Sayed, C. Lim, "Probabilistic collision prediction for vision-based automated road safety analysis," in Proc. IEEE ITSC, 2007, pp. 872-878.
    • (2007) Proc IEEE ITSC , pp. 872-878
    • Saunier, N.1    Sayed, T.2    Lim, C.3
  • 170
    • 84872306614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating risk at road intersections by detecting conflicting intentions
    • S. Lefèvre, C. Laugier, J. Ibañez-Guzmán, "Evaluating risk at road intersections by detecting conflicting intentions," in Proc. IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. IROS, 2012, pp. 4841-4846.
    • (2012) Proc IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. IROS , pp. 4841-4846
    • Lefèvre, S.1    Laugier, C.2    Ibañez-Guzmán, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.