Methods of conducting effective outreach to private well owners - A literature review and model approach

Journal of Water and Health

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 167-182

  Morris, Lucinda ^a   Wilson, Steve ^a   Kelly, Walton ^a  

^a ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

Behavior; Communication; Education; Outreach; Private wells; Stewardship

Indexed keywords

COMMUNICATION; DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY; EDUCATION; EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT; LITERATURE REVIEW; METHODOLOGY;

BEHAVIOR CHANGE; LITERATURE; MODEL; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PUBLIC RELATIONS; THEORETICAL MODEL;

WELL WATER;

COMMUNICATION; COMMUNITY-INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS; MODELS, THEORETICAL; OWNERSHIP; WATER WELLS;

EID: 84964466958     PISSN: 14778920     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.081     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Atiles, J. H. 2005 Educational Circulars and Private Well Owner Resources: Providing Drinking Water Information to the Public. In: Proceedings of the 2005 Georgia Water Resources Conference. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
2. Atwood, L. E. & Major, A. M. 1998 Exploring the 'Cry Wolf hypothesis. Int. J. Mass Emerg. Disasters. 16 (3), 279-302.
3. Balamurugan, A., Rivera, M., Sutphin, K. & Campbell, D. 2007 Health communications in rural America: lessons learned from an arthritis campaign in rural Arkansas. J. Rural Health 23 (3), 270-275.
4. Bennett, G. G & Glasgow, R. E. 2009 The delivery of public health interventions via the internet: actualizing their potential. Annu. Rev. Public Health 30, 273-292.
5. Bettinger, E. A. 2012 Utilizing the Media to Enhance Florida's Educational Outreach Program for the Owners of Private Water Wells. 2010-2011 Fellow Project: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Environmental Public Health Leadership Institute, Atlanta, GA.
6. Bier, V. M. 2001 On the state of the art: risk communication to the public. Reliab. Eng. Syst. Safe. 71 (2), 139-150.
7. Briscoe, C & Aboud, F. 2012 Behaviour change communication targeting four health behaviours in developing countries: a review of change techniques. Soc. Sci. Med. 75 (4), 612-621.
8. Campo, S., Askelson, N. M., Spies, E. L., Boxer, C, Scharp, K. M. & Losch, M. E. 2013 "Wow, That Was Funny": the value of exposure and humor in fostering campaign message sharing. Soc. Mar. Q. 19 (2), 84-96.
9. Castelnuovo, R 1999 Farm∗A∗Syst/Home∗A∗Syst: a framework for voluntary action that is both effective and replicable. Water Sci. Technol. 39 (12), 315-322.
10. Chappells, H., Campbell, N, Drage, J., Fernandez, C. V., Parker, L. & Dummer, T J. B. 2015 Understanding the translation of scientific knowledge about arsenic risk exposure among private well water users in Nova Scotia. Sci. Total Environ. 505, 1259-1273.
11. Cialdini, R. B. 2003 Crafting normative messages to protect the environment. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 12 (4), 105-109.
12. Clemens, S. S. 2007 The master well owner network: volunteers educating Pennsylvania well owners. J. Extension 45 (4).
13. Clements, J. 1999 Results? Behavior change! J. Extension 37 (2).
14. Cohen, D. J., Clark, E. C, Lawson, P. J., Casucci, B. A. & Flocke, S. A. 2011 Identifying teachable moments for health behavior counseling in primary care. Patient Educ. Couns. 85, e8-e15.
15. Cook, S. W. & Berrenberg, J. L. 1981 Approaches to encouraging conservation behavior - a review and conceptual-framework. J. Soc. Issues 37 (2), 73-107.
16. Covello, V. T 2003 Best practices in public health risk and crisis communication. J. Health Commun. 8, 5-8.
17. Deleon, I. G & Fuqua, R W. 1995 The effects of public commitment and group feedback on curbside recycling. Environ. Behav. 27 (2), 233-250.
18. Doria, M. D. 2010 Factors influencing public perception of drinking water quality. Water Policy 12 (1), 1-19.
19. Doria, M. D., Pidgeon, N. & Hunter, P. R 2009 Perceptions of drinking water quality and risk and its effect on behaviour: a cross-national study. Sci. Total Environ. 407 (21), 5455-5464.
20. Fitzgibbon, M., Gans, K. M., Evans, W. D., Viswanath, K., Johnson-Taylor, W. L., Krebs-Smith, S. M., Rodgers, A. B. & Yaroch, A. L. 2007 Communicating healthy eating: lessons learned and future directions. J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. 39 (2), S63-S71.
21. Fitzpatrick-Lewis, D., Yost, J., Ciliska, D. & Krishnaratne, S. 2010 Communication about environmental health risks: a systematic review. Environ. Health 9, 67.
22. Flanagan, S. V., Marvinney, R. G, Johnston, R A., Yang, Q. & Zheng, Y 2015a Dissemination of well water arsenic results to homeowners in Central Maine: influences on mitigation behavior and continued risks for exposure. Sci. Total Environ. 505, 1282-1290.
23. Flanagan, S. V., Marvinney, R G & Zheng, Y 2015b Influences on domestic well water testing behavior in a Central Maine area with frequent groundwater arsenic occurrence. Sci. Total Environ. 505, 1274-1281.
24. Fox, M. H., Averett, E., Hansen, G & Neuberger, J. S. 2006 The effect of health communications on a statewide West Nile Virus public health education campaign. Am. J. Health Behav. 30 (5), 483-494.
25. Frahm, A., Galvin, D., Gensler, G, Savina, G & Moser, A. 1996 Changing behavior: insights and applications. Report of the King County Water Pollution Control Division, Local Hazardous Waste Management Program. Seattle, WA.
26. Frewer, L. 2004 The public and effective risk communication. Toxicol. Lett. 149, 391-397.
27. Frisby, B. N, Veil, S. R. & Sellnow, T L. 2014 Instructional messages during health-related crises: essential content for self-protection. Health Commun. 29 (4), 347-354.
28. Frisch, A. L., Camerini, L. & Schulz, P. J. 2013 The impact of presentation style on the retention of online health information: a randomized-controlled experiment. Health Commun. 28 (3), 286-293.
29. Gonzales, M. H., Aronson, E. & Costanzo, M. A. 1988 Using social cognition and persuasion to promote energy-conservation - a quasi-experiment. J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. 18 (12), 1049-1066.
30. Gordon, J. C. 2002 Beyond knowledge: guidelines for effective health promotion messages. J. Extension 40 (6).
31. Hanchett, S., Nahar, Q., Van Agthoven, A., Geers, C. & Rezvi, M. F. J. 2002 Increasing awareness of arsenic in Bangladesh: lessons from a public education programme. Health Policy Plann. 17 (4), 393-401.
32. Head, K. J., Noar, S. M., Iannarino, N. T. & Harrington, N. G 2013 Efficacy of text messaging-based interventions for health promotion: a meta-analysis. Soc. Sci. Med. 97, 41-48.
33. Hexemer, A. M., Pintar, K., Bird, T. M., Zentner, S. E., Garcia, H. P. & Pollari, F. 2008 An investigation of bacteriological and chemical water quality and the barriers to private well water sampling in a Southwestern Ontario Community. J. Water and Health 6 (4), 521-525.
34. Hurling, R., Catt, M., Boni, M. D., Fairley, B. W., Hurst, T., Murray, P., Richardson, A. & Sodhi, J. S. 2007 Using internet and mobile phone technology to deliver an automated physical activity program: randomized controlled trial. J. Med. Internet Res. 9 (2).
35. Imgrund, K., Kreutzwiser, R. & de Loe, R. 2011 Influences on the water testing behaviors of private well owners. J. Water and Health 9 (2), 241-252.
36. Jacob, C, Mathiasen, L. & Powell, D. 2010 Designing effective messages for microbial food safety hazards. Food Control 21 (1), 1-6.
37. Jalan, J. & Somanathan, E. 2008 The importance of being informed: experimental evidence on demand for environmental quality. J. Dev. Econ. 87 (1), 14-28.
38. Janoske, M., Liu, B. & Sheppard, B. 2012 Understanding risk communication best practices: a guide for emergency managers and communicators. Report of the Human Factors/Behavioral Sciences Division, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, College Park, MD.
39. Jones, A. Q., Dewey, C. E., Dore, K., Majowicz, S. E., McEwen, S. A., Waltner-Toews, D., Henson, S. J. & Mathews, E. 2005 Public perception of drinking water from private water supplies: focus group analyses. BMC Public Health 5 (129).
40. Jones, A. Q., Dewey, C. E., Dore, K., Majowicz, S. E., McEwen, S. A., Waltner-Toews, D., Mathews, E., Carr, D. J. & Henson, S. J. 2006 Public perceptions of drinking water: a postal survey of residents with private water supplies. BMC Public Health 6 (94).
41. Kennedy, A. L. 2010 Using community-based social marketing techniques to enhance environmental regulation. Sustainability 2 (4), 1138-1160.
42. Korda, H. & Itani, Z. 2013 Harnessing social media for health promotion and behavior change. Health Promot. Pract. 14 (1), 15-23.
43. Kreps, G L. & Neuhauser, L. 2010 New directions in eHealth communication: opportunities and challenges. Patient Educ. Couns. 78 (3), 329-336.
44. Kreutzwiser, R, de Loe, R, Imgrund, K, Conboy, M. J., Simpson, H. & Plummer, R 2011 Understanding stewardship behaviour: factors facilitating and constraining private water well stewardship. J. Environ. Manage. 92 (4), 1104-1114.
45. Madajewicz, M., Pfaff, A., van Geen, A., Graziano, J., Hussein, I., Momotaj, H, Sylvi, R & Ahsan, H. 2007 Can information alone change behavior? Response to arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh. J. Dev. Econ. 84 (2), 731-754.
46. Mancl, K, Sharpe, W. & Makuch, J. 1989 Educating the rural public about safe drinking-water. Water Resour. Bul. 25 (1), 153-158.
47. Maslia, M. L., Reyes, J. J., Gillig, R E., Sautner, J. B., Fagliano, J. A. & Aral, M. M. 2005 Public health partnerships addressing childhood cancer investigations: case study of Toms River, Dover Township, New Jersey, USA. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 208, 45-54.
48. McCann, A. & Gold, A. J. 2012 Engendering behavior change through single-session workshops: lessons learned from extension's private well initiative. J. Extension 50 (1).
49. McKenzie-Mohr, D. & Schultz, P. W. 2014 Choosing effective behavior change tools. Soc. Mar. Q. 20 (1), 35-46.
50. McKinnon, R 2007 Lessons from VERB: a case for branding in nutrition education. J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. 39 (2), S53-S54.
51. Meijers, M. H. C. & Rutjens, B. T 2014 Affirming belief in scientific progress reduces environmentally friendly behaviour. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 44 (5), 487-495.
52. Morales, A. C, Wu, E. C. & Fitzsimons, G. J. 2012 How disgust enhances the effectiveness of fear appeals. J. Marketing Res. 49 (3), 383-393.
53. Myers, R. E. 2010 Promoting healthy behaviors: how do we get the message across? Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 47 (4), 500-512.
54. Nagler, R H. 2014 Adverse outcomes associated with media exposure to contradictory nutrition messages. J. Health Commun. 19 (1), 24-40.
55. Naughton, O. & Hynds, P. D. 2014 Public awareness, behaviours and attitudes towards domestic wastewater treatment systems in the Republic of Ireland. J. Hydrol. 518, 108-119.
56. Nestler, S. & Egloff, B.2010 When scary messages backfire: influence of dispositional cognitive avoidance on the effectiveness of threat communications.J. Res. Pers. 44 (1), 137-141.
57. O'Keefe, D. J. & Jensen, J. D. 2008 Do loss-framed persuasive messages engender greater message processing than do gain-framed messages? A meta-analytic review. Comm. Studies 59 (1), 51-67.
58. Parkinson, T M., Force, J. E. & Smith, J. K 2003 Hands-on learning: its effectiveness in teaching the public about wildland fire. J. Forest. 101 (7), 21-26.
59. Postma, J., Butterfield, P. W., Odom-Maryon, T, Hill, W. & Butterfield, P. G 2011 Rural children's exposure to well water contaminants: implications in light of the American Academy of Pediatrics' recent policy statement. J. Am. Acad. Nurse Pract. 23 (5), 258-265.
60. Pratt, C. & Bowman, S. 2008 Principles of effective behavior change: application to extension family educational programming. J. Extension 46 (5).
61. Prestwich, A., Perugini, M. & Hurling, R. 2010 Can implementation intentions and text messages promote brisk walking? A randomized trial. Health Psychol. 29 (1), 40-49.
62. Pyrch, L. A. 1999 Private Well Testing Pilot Education Project. Phase I: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Associated With Private Well Testing in Three New Jersey Communities. Report of the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Division of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health, Consumer and Environmental Health Services, Trenton, NJ.
63. Renaud, J., Gagnon, F., Michaud, C & Boivin, S. 2011 Evaluation of the effectiveness of arsenic screening promotion in private wells: a quasi-experimental study. Health Promot. Int. 26 (4), 465-475.
64. Rich, R C. & Conn, W. D. 1995 Using automated emergency notification systems to inform the public - a field experiment. Risk Anal. 15 (1), 23-28.
65. Roche, S. M., Jones-Bitton, A., Majowicz, S. E., Pintar, K. D. M. & Allison, D. 2013 Investigating public perceptions and knowledge translation priorities to improve water safety for residents with private water supplies: a cross-sectional study in Newfoundland and Labrador. BMC Public Health 13, 1225.
66. Rosen, L., Brody, D., Zucker, D., Manor, O., Meier, M., Rosen, B., Lev, E. & Engelhard, D. 2010 Spreading the handwashing message: an alternative to traditional media campaigns. Am. J. Infect. Control 38 (7), 562-564.
67. Schultz, P. W. 2014 Strategies for promoting proenvironmental behavior lots of tools but few instructions. Eur. Psychol. 19 (2), 107-117.
68. Severtson, D. J., Baumann, L. C. & Shepard, R L. 2004 A utilization-focused and theory-based evaluation of an arsenic well testing program. In: Best Education Practices (BEPs) Symposium for Water Outreach Professionals: Defining BEPs, Refining New Resources and Recommending Future Actions. Madison, WI.
69. Severtson, D. J., Baumann, L. C. & Brown, R L. 2006 Applying a health behavior theory to explore the influence of information and experience on arsenic risk representations, policy beliefs, and protective behavior. Risk Anal. 26 (2), 353-368.
70. Severtson, D. J., Liukkonen, B. & Kline-Robach, R 2008 Social dimensions of private well testing: Why don't people test their well water? In Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) Water Quality Conference, US Department of Agriculture, Sparks, NV.
71. Snyder, L. B. 2007 Health communication campaigns and their impact on behavior. J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. 39 (2), S32-S40.
72. Steelman, T. A. & McCaffrey, S. 2013 Best practices in risk and crisis communication: implications for natural hazards management. Nat. Hazards 65 (1), 683-705.
73. Stellefson, M. L., Hanik, B. W., Chaney, B. H. & Chaney, J. D. 2008 Challenges for tailored messaging in health education. Am. J. Health Educ. 39 (5), 303-311.
74. Straub, C. L. & Leahy, J. E. 2014 Application of a modified health belief model to the pro-environmental behavior of private well water testing. J. Am. Water Resour. As. 50 (6), 1515-1526.
75. Summers, R J. 2010 Alberta water well survey: a report prepared for Alberta environment. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
76. Swistock, B. R., Sharpe, W. E. & Dickison, J. 2001 Educating rural private water system owners in Pennsylvania using satellite versus traditional programs. J. Extension 39 (3).
77. Uhlman, K. & Artiola, J. 2010 WELL, What do we Know: Arizona domestic well workshops FY 2009-2010 contract-end summary report. University of Arizona, Cooperative Extension Signature Program, Tucson, AZ.
78. USHHS 2002 Communicating in a crisis: risk communication guidelines for public officials. Report of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Washington, DC.
79. Wakefield, M. A., Loken, B. & Hornik, R C. 2010 Use of mass media campaigns to change health behaviour. Lancet. 376 (9748), 1261-1271.
80. Wanyonyi, K. L., Themessl-Huber, M., Humphris, G. & Freeman, R. 2011 A systematic review and meta-analysis of face-to-face communication of tailored health messages: implications for practice. Patient Educ. Couns. 85 (3), 348-355.
81. Wilson, B. J. 2007 Designing media messages about health and nutrition. What strategies are most effective? J. Nutr. Educ. and Behav. 39 (2), S13-S19.
82. Witte, K. & Allen, M. 2000 A meta-analysis of fear appeals: implications for effective public health campaigns. Health Educ. Behav. 27 (5), 591-615.