Immunotherapy of cancer: From monoclonal to oligoclonal cocktails of anti-cancer antibodies: IUPHAR Review 18

British Journal of Pharmacology

Volumn 173, Issue 9, 2016, Pages 1407-1424

  Carvalho, Silvia ^a   Levi Schaffer, Francesca ^b   Sela, Michael ^a   Yarden, Yosef ^a  

^a WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (Israel)

^b HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLINATUMOMAB; CANCER ANTIBODY; CATUMAXOMAB; CETUXIMAB; DENOSUMAB; DOCETAXEL; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; IMGATUZUMAB; IPILIMUMAB; LUMRETUZUMAB; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; NIVOLUMAB; OBINUTUZUMAB; OLIGOCLONAL BAND; PANITUMUMAB; PEMBROLIZUMAB; PERTUZUMAB; RITUXIMAB; TRASTUZUMAB; TRASTUZUMAB EMTANSINE; VANUCIZUMAB; VASCULOTROPIN RECEPTOR; VENETOCLAX; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; ASCITES; B CELL LYMPHOMA; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; CANCER RESISTANCE; CANCER SURVIVAL; CARCINOGENESIS; COMPLEMENT DEPENDENT CYTOTOXICITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG CONJUGATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG PROTEIN BINDING; GLIOBLASTOMA; HUMAN; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MELANOMA; METASTASIS; MOUSE MODEL; MURINE; NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; NONHUMAN; PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN TARGETING; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; IMMUNOLOGY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; NEOPLASMS;

ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; HUMANS; IMMUNOTHERAPY; NEOPLASMS; OLIGOCLONAL BANDS;

EID: 84960892070     PISSN: 00071188     EISSN: 14765381     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/bph.13450     Document Type: Review

References (191)

1. Abella JV, Park M, (2009). Breakdown of endocytosis in the oncogenic activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 296: E973-E984.
2. Aboud-Pirak E, Hurwitz E, Pirak ME, Bellot F, Schlessinger J, Sela M, (1988). Efficacy of antibodies to epidermal growth factor receptor against KB carcinoma in vitro and in nude mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 80: 1605-1611.
3. Alexander SPH, Kelly E, Marrion N, Peters JA, Benson HE, Faccenda E, et al., (2015a). The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Overview. Br J Pharmacol 172: 5729-5143.
4. Alexander SPH, Fabbro D, Kelly E, Marrion N, Peters JA, Benson HE, et al., (2015b). The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Catalytic receptors. Br J Pharmacol 172: 5979-6023.
5. Amado RG, Wolf M, Peeters M, Van Cutsem E, Siena S, Freeman DJ, et al., (2008). Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 26: 1626-1634.
6. Amit I, Wides R, Yarden Y, (2007). Evolvable signaling networks of receptor tyrosine kinases: relevance of robustness to malignancy and to cancer therapy. Mol Syst Biol 3: 151-164.
7. Arteaga CL, Sliwkowski MX, Osborne CK, Perez EA, Puglisi F, Gianni L, (2012). Treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer: current status and future perspectives. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 9: 16-32.
8. Assenat E, Azria D, Mollevi C, Guimbaud R, Tubiana-Mathieu N, Smith D, et al., (2015). Dual targeting of HER1/EGFR and HER2 with cetuximab and trastuzumab in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer after gemcitabine failure: results of the "THERAPY"phase 1-2 trial. Oncotarget 6: 12796-12808.
9. Baselga J, (2001). The EGFR as a target for anticancer therapy-focus on cetuximab. Eur J Cancer 37 (Suppl 4): S16-S22.
10. Baselga J, (2006). Targeting tyrosine kinases in cancer: the second wave. Science 312: 1175-1178.
11. Baselga J, (2010). Treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Ann Oncol 21 (Suppl 7): vii36-vii40.
12. Baselga J, Tripathy D, Mendelsohn J, Baughman S, Benz CC, Dantis L, et al., (1996). Phase II study of weekly intravenous recombinant humanized anti-p185HER2 monoclonal antibody in patients with HER2/neu-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 14: 737-744.
13. Baselga J, Cortes J, Kim SB, Im SA, Hegg R, Im YH, et al., (2012). Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel for metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med 366: 109-119.
14. Beck A, Wurch T, Bailly C, Corvaia N, (2010). Strategies and challenges for the next generation of therapeutic antibodies. Nat Rev Immunol 10: 345-352.
15. Ben-Kasus T, Schechter B, Sela M, Yarden Y, (2007). Cancer therapeutic antibodies come of age: targeting minimal residual disease. Mol Oncol 1: 42-54.
16. Ben-Kasus T, Schechter B, Lavi S, Yarden Y, Sela M, (2009). Persistent elimination of ErbB-2/HER2-overexpressing tumors using combinations of monoclonal antibodies: relevance of receptor endocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106: 3294-3299.
17. Berns K, Horlings HM, Hennessy BT, Madiredjo M, Hijmans EM, Beelen K, et al., (2007). A functional genetic approach identifies the PI3K pathway as a major determinant of trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer. Cancer Cell 12: 395-402.
18. Bibeau F, Lopez-Crapez E, Di Fiore F, Thezenas S, Ychou M, Blanchard F, et al., (2009). Impact of Fc{gamma}RIIa-Fc{gamma}RIIIa polymorphisms and KRAS mutations on the clinical outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab plus irinotecan. J Clin Oncol 27: 1122-1129.
19. Brahmer J, Reckamp KL, Baas P, Crino L, Eberhardt WE, Poddubskaya E, et al., (2015). Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 373: 123-135.
20. Brand TM, Iida M, Wheeler DL, (2011). Molecular mechanisms of resistance to the EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab. Cancer Biol Ther 11: 777-792.
21. Braster R, O'Toole T, van Egmond M, (2014). Myeloid cells as effector cells for monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer. Methods 65: 28-37.
22. Bubien JK, Zhou LJ, Bell PD, Frizzell RA, Tedder TF, (1993). Transfection of the CD20 cell surface molecule into ectopic cell types generates a Ca2+ conductance found constitutively in B lymphocytes. J Cell Biol 121: 1121-1132.
23. Callahan MK, Postow MA, Wolchok JD, (2014). CTLA-4 and PD-1 Pathway Blockade: Combinations in the Clinic. Front Oncol 4: 385-390.
24. Campbell MR, Amin D, Moasser MM, (2010). HER3 comes of age: new insights into its functions and role in signaling, tumor biology, and cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 16: 1373-1383.
25. Carter PJ, (2006). Potent antibody therapeutics by design. Nat Rev Immunol 6: 343-357.
26. Cartron G, Dacheux L, Salles G, Solal-Celigny P, Bardos P, Colombat P, et al., (2002). Therapeutic activity of humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and polymorphism in IgG Fc receptor FcgammaRIIIa gene. Blood 99: 754-758.
27. Carvalho S, Lindzen M, Lauriola M, Shirazi N, Sinha S, Abdul-Hai A, et al., (2016). An antibody to amphiregulin, an abundant growth factor in patients' fluids, inhibits ovarian tumors. Oncogene 35: 438-447.
28. Cersosimo RJ, (2003). Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of cancer, Part 1. Am J Health Syst Pharm 60: 1531-1548.
29. Chen S, Lee LF, Fisher TS, Jessen B, Elliott M, Evering W, et al., (2015). Combination of 4-1BB agonist and PD-1 antagonist promotes antitumor effector/memory CD8 T cells in a poorly immunogenic tumor model. Canc Immunol Res 3: 149-160.
30. Cho HS, Mason K, Ramyar KX, Stanley AM, Gabelli SB, Denney DW Jr, et al., (2003). Structure of the extracellular region of HER2 alone and in complex with the Herceptin Fab. Nature 421: 756-760.
31. Clynes RA, Towers TL, Presta LG, Ravetch JV, (2000). Inhibitory Fc receptors modulate in vivo cytotoxicity against tumor targets. Nat Med 6: 443-446.
32. Cunningham D, Humblet Y, Siena S, Khayat D, Bleiberg H, Santoro A, et al., (2004). Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 351: 337-345.
33. Curran MA, Montalvo W, Yagita H, Allison JP, (2010). PD-1 and CTLA-4 combination blockade expands infiltrating T cells and reduces regulatory T and myeloid cells within B16 melanoma tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107: 4275-4280.
34. D'Souza JW, Reddy S, Goldsmith LE, Shchaveleva I, Marks JD, Litwin S, et al., (2014). Combining anti-ERBB3 antibodies specific for domain I and domain III enhances the anti-tumor activity over the individual monoclonal antibodies. PLoS One 9: e112376.
35. de Claro RA, McGinn K, Kwitkowski V, Bullock J, Khandelwal A, Habtemariam B, et al., (2012). U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval Summary: Brentuximab Vedotin for the Treatment of Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma or Relapsed Systemic Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 18: 5845-5849.
36. Di Gaetano N, Cittera E, Nota R, Vecchi A, Grieco V, Scanziani E, et al., (2003). Complement activation determines the therapeutic activity of rituximab in vivo. J Immunol 171: 1581-1587.
37. Diaz-Rubio E, (2004). New chemotherapeutic advances in pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancers. Oncologist 9: 282-294.
38. Dienstmann R, Patnaik A, Garcia-Carbonero R, Cervantes A, Benavent M, Rosello S, et al., (2015). Safety and activity of the first-in-class Sym004 anti-EGFR antibody mixture in patients with refractory colorectal cancer. Canc Discov 5: 598-609.
39. DiMasi JA, Grabowski HG, (2007). Economics of new oncology drug development. J Clin Oncol 25: 209-216.
40. Disis ML, Calenoff E, McLaughlin G, Murphy AE, Chen W, Groner B, et al., (1994). Existent T-cell and antibody immunity to HER-2/neu protein in patients with breast cancer. Cancer Res 54: 16-20.
41. Drebin JA, Link VC, Greene MI, (1988). Monoclonal antibodies reactive with distinct domains of the neu oncogene-encoded p185 molecule exert synergistic anti-tumor effects in vivo. Oncogene 2: 273-277.
42. Dunkelberger JR, Song WC, (2010). Complement and its role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Cell Res 20: 34-50.
43. Ellis LM, (2006). Mechanisms of action of bevacizumab as a component of therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Semin Oncol 33: S1-S7.
44. Engelman JA, Janne PA, Mermel C, Pearlberg J, Mukohara T, Fleet C, et al., (2005). ErbB-3 mediates phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity in gefitinib-sensitive non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102: 3788-3793.
45. Fan Z, Masui H, Altas I, Mendelsohn J, (1993). Blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor function by bivalent and monovalent fragments of 225 anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies. Cancer Res 53: 4322-4328.
46. Ferrara N, Hillan KJ, Gerber HP, Novotny W, (2004). Discovery and development of bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF antibody for treating cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 3: 391-400.
47. Ferraro DA, Gaborit N, Maron R, Cohen-Dvashi H, Porat Z, Pareja F, et al., (2013). Inhibition of triple-negative breast cancer models by combinations of antibodies to EGFR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110: 1815-1820.
48. Ferris RL, Jaffee EM, Ferrone S, (2010). Tumor antigen-targeted, monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy: clinical response, cellular immunity, and immunoescape. J Clin Oncol 28: 4390-4399.
49. Fishelson Z, Donin N, Zell S, Schultz S, Kirschfink M, (2003). Obstacles to cancer immunotherapy: expression of membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs) in tumors. Mol Immunol 40: 109-123.
50. Friedman LM, Rinon A, Schechter B, Lyass L, Lavi S, Bacus SS, et al., (2005). Synergistic down-regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases by combinations of mAbs: implications for cancer immunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102: 1915-1920.
51. Gaborit N, Abdul-Hai A, Mancini M, Lindzen M, Lavi S, Leitner O, et al., (2015). Examination of HER3 targeting in cancer using monoclonal antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112: 839-844.
52. Gianni L, Pienkowski T, Im YH, Roman L, Tseng LM, Liu MC, et al., (2012). Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab in women with locally advanced, inflammatory, or early HER2-positive breast cancer (NeoSphere): a randomised multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 13: 25-32.
53. Golay J, Lazzari M, Facchinetti V, Bernasconi S, Borleri G, Barbui T, et al., (2001). CD20 levels determine the in vitro susceptibility to rituximab and complement of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: further regulation by CD55 and CD59. Blood 98: 3383-3389.
54. Gonzalez-Nicolini V, Herter S, Lang S, Waldhauer I, Bacac M, Roemmele M, et al., (2015). Premedication and chemotherapy agents do not impair imgatuzumab- (GA201) mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and combination therapies enhance efficacy. Clin Cancer Res. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-2579.
55. Guo Z, Cheng D, Xia Z, Luan M, Wu L, Wang G, et al., (2013). Combined TIM-3 blockade and CD137 activation affords the long-term protection in a murine model of ovarian cancer. J Transl Med 11: 215-225.
56. Gupta PB, Chaffer CL, Weinberg RA, (2009). Cancer stem cells: mirage or reality? Nat Med 15: 1010-1012.
57. Hamid O, Robert C, Daud A, Hodi FS, Hwu WJ, Kefford R, et al., (2013). Safety and tumor responses with lambrolizumab (anti-PD-1) in melanoma. N Engl J Med 369: 134-144.
58. Hamilton GS, (2015). Antibody-drug conjugates for cancer therapy: The technological and regulatory challenges of developing drug-biologic hybrids. Biologicals 43: 318-332.
59. Hawkes EA, Grigg A, Chong G, (2015). Programmed cell death-1 inhibition in lymphoma. Lancet Oncol 16: e234-e245.
60. Heiss MM, Strohlein MA, Jager M, Kimmig R, Burges A, Schoberth A, et al., (2005). Immunotherapy of malignant ascites with trifunctional antibodies. Int J Cancer 117: 435-443.
61. Hodi FS, O'Day SJ, McDermott DF, Weber RW, Sosman JA, Haanen JB, et al., (2010). Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med 363: 711-723.
62. Huang S, Peet CR, Saker J, Li C, Armstrong EA, Kragh M, et al., (2013a). Sym004, a novel anti-EGFR antibody mixture, augments radiation response in human lung and head and neck cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 12: 2772-2781.
63. Huang S, Li C, Armstrong EA, Peet CR, Saker J, Amler LC, et al., (2013b). Dual targeting of EGFR and HER3 with MEHD7945A overcomes acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors and radiation. Cancer Res 73: 824-833.
64. Huang SM, Bock JM, Harari PM, (1999). Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade with C225 modulates proliferation, apoptosis, and radiosensitivity in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Cancer Res 59: 1935-1940.
65. Hubert P, Heitzmann A, Viel S, Nicolas A, Sastre-Garau X, Oppezzo P, et al., (2011). Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity synapses form in mice during tumor-specific antibody immunotherapy. Cancer Res 71: 5134-5143.
66. Hudis CA, (2007). Trastuzumab-mechanism of action and use in clinical practice. N Engl J Med 357: 39-51.
67. Hudson PJ, Souriau C, (2003). Engineered antibodies. Nat Med 9: 129-134.
68. Iida M, Brand TM, Starr MM, Li C, Huppert EJ, Luthar N, et al., (2013). Sym004, a novel EGFR antibody mixture, can overcome acquired resistance to cetuximab. Neoplasia 15: 1196-1206.
69. Izumi Y, Xu L, di Tomaso E, Fukumura D, Jain RK, (2002). Tumour biology: herceptin acts as an anti-angiogenic cocktail. Nature 416: 279-280.
70. Jacobsen HJ, Poulsen TT, Dahlman A, Kjaer I, Koefoed K, Sen JW, et al., (2015). Pan-HER, an Antibody Mixture Simultaneously Targeting EGFR, HER2 and HER3 Effectively Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity and Plasticity. Clin Cancer Res 21: 4110-4122.
71. Janjigian YY, Smit EF, Groen HJ, Horn L, Gettinger S, Camidge DR, et al., (2014). Dual inhibition of EGFR with afatinib and cetuximab in kinase inhibitor-resistant EGFR-mutant lung cancer with and without T790M mutations. Canc Discov 4: 1036-1045.
72. Janne PA, Yang JC, Kim DW, Planchard D, Ohe Y, Ramalingam SS, et al., (2015). AZD9291 in EGFR inhibitor-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 372: 1689-1699.
73. Jaramillo ML, Leon Z, Grothe S, Paul-Roc B, Abulrob A, O'Connor McCourt M, (2006). Effect of the anti-receptor ligand-blocking 225 monoclonal antibody on EGF receptor endocytosis and sorting. Exp Cell Res 312: 2778-2790.
74. Jazirehi AR, Bonavida B, (2005). Cellular and molecular signal transduction pathways modulated by rituximab (rituxan, anti-CD20 mAb) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: implications in chemosensitization and therapeutic intervention. Oncogene 24: 2121-2143.
75. Jiang XR, Song A, Bergelson S, Arroll T, Parekh B, May K, et al., (2011). Advances in the assessment and control of the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 10: 101-111.
76. Jones PT, Dear PH, Foote J, Neuberger MS, Winter G, (1986). Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those from a mouse. Nature 321: 522-525.
77. Junttila TT, Li G, Parsons K, Phillips GL, Sliwkowski MX, (2011). Trastuzumab-DM1 (T-DM1) retains all the mechanisms of action of trastuzumab and efficiently inhibits growth of lapatinib insensitive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 128: 347-356.
78. Jurianz K, Maslak S, Garcia-Schuler H, Fishelson Z, Kirschfink M, (1999). Neutralization of complement regulatory proteins augments lysis of breast carcinoma cells targeted with rhumAb anti-HER2. Immunopharmacology 42: 209-218.
79. Karaman MW, Herrgard S, Treiber DK, Gallant P, Atteridge CE, Campbell BT, et al., (2008). A quantitative analysis of kinase inhibitor selectivity. Nat Biotechnol 26: 127-132.
80. Karapetis CS, Khambata-Ford S, Jonker DJ, O'Callaghan CJ, Tu D, Tebbutt NC, et al., (2008). K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 359: 1757-1765.
81. Kasprzyk PG, Song SU, Di Fiore PP, King CR, (1992). Therapy of an animal model of human gastric cancer using a combination of anti-erbB-2 monoclonal antibodies. Cancer Res 52: 2771-2776.
82. Khambata-Ford S, Garrett CR, Meropol NJ, Basik M, Harbison CT, Wu S, et al., (2007). Expression of epiregulin and amphiregulin and K-ras mutation status predict disease control in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab. J Clin Oncol 25: 3230-3237.
83. Kholodenko BN, Hancock JF, Kolch W, (2010). Signalling ballet in space and time. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 11: 414-426.
84. Kipps TJ, Parham P, Punt J, Herzenberg LA, (1985). Importance of immunoglobulin isotype in human antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed by murine monoclonal antibodies. J Exp Med 161: 1-17.
85. Klapper LN, Waterman H, Sela M, Yarden Y, (2000). Tumor-inhibitory antibodies to HER-2/ErbB-2 may act by recruiting c-Cbl and enhancing ubiquitination of HER-2. Cancer Res 60: 3384-3388.
86. Klapper LN, Vaisman N, Hurwitz E, Pinkas-Kramarski R, Yarden Y, Sela M, (1997). A subclass of tumor-inhibitory monoclonal antibodies to ErbB-2/HER2 blocks crosstalk with growth factor receptors. Oncogene 14: 2099-2109.
87. Klapper LN, Glathe S, Vaisman N, Hynes NE, Andrews GC, Sela M, et al., (1999). The ErbB-2/HER2 oncoprotein of human carcinomas may function solely as a shared coreceptor for multiple stroma-derived growth factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96: 4995-5000.
88. Kobayashi S, Boggon TJ, Dayaram T, Janne PA, Kocher O, Meyerson M, et al., (2005). EGFR mutation and resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med 352: 786-792.
89. Koefoed K, Steinaa L, Soderberg JN, Kjaer I, Jacobsen HJ, Meijer PJ, et al., (2011). Rational identification of an optimal antibody mixture for targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor. MAbs 3: 584-595.
90. Köhler G, Milstein C, (1975). Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature 256: 495-497.
91. Kola I, Landis J, (2004). Can the pharmaceutical industry reduce attrition rates? Nature reviews. Drug Discov 3: 711-715.
92. Kontermann RE, (2012). Dual targeting strategies with bispecific antibodies. MAbs 4: 182-197.
93. Kontermann RE, Brinkmann U, (2015). Bispecific antibodies. Drug Discov Today 20: 838-847.
94. Krop IE, Kim SB, Gonzalez-Martin A, LoRusso PM, Ferrero JM, Smitt M, et al., (2014). Trastuzumab emtansine versus treatment of physician's choice for pretreated HER2-positive advanced breast cancer (TH3RESA): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 15: 689-699.
95. Kubota T, Niwa R, Satoh M, Akinaga S, Shitara K, Hanai N, (2009). Engineered therapeutic antibodies with improved effector functions. Cancer Sci 100: 1566-1572.
96. Kuus-Reichel K, Grauer LS, Karavodin LM, Knott C, Krusemeier M, Kay NE, (1994). Will immunogenicity limit the use, efficacy, and future development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies? Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1: 365-372.
97. Lane HA, Beuvink I, Motoyama AB, Daly JM, Neve RM, Hynes NE, (2000). ErbB2 potentiates breast tumor proliferation through modulation of p27(Kip1)-Cdk2 complex formation: receptor overexpression does not determine growth dependency. Mol Cell Biol 20: 3210-3223.
98. Larbouret C, Gaborit N, Chardes T, Coelho M, Campigna E, Bascoul-Mollevi C, et al., (2012). In pancreatic carcinoma, dual EGFR/HER2 targeting with cetuximab/trastuzumab is more effective than treatment with trastuzumab/erlotinib or lapatinib alone: implication of receptors' down-regulation and dimers' disruption. Neoplasia 14: 121-130.
99. Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, Lao CD, et al., (2015). Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab or Monotherapy in Untreated Melanoma. N Engl J Med 373: 23-34.
100. Levitzki A, Mishani E, (2006). Tyrphostins and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Annu Rev Biochem 75: 93-109.
101. Levy EM, Sycz G, Arriaga JM, Barrio MM, von Euw EM, Morales SB, et al., (2009). Cetuximab-mediated cellular cytotoxicity is inhibited by HLA-E membrane expression in colon cancer cells. Innate Immun 15: 91-100.
102. Lewis Phillips GD, Li G, Dugger DL, Crocker LM, Parsons KL, Mai E, et al., (2008). Targeting HER2-positive breast cancer with trastuzumab-DM1, an antibody-cytotoxic drug conjugate. Cancer Res 68: 9280-9290.
103. Li S, Schmitz KR, Jeffrey PD, Wiltzius JJ, Kussie P, Ferguson KM, (2005). Structural basis for inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor by cetuximab. Cancer Cell 7: 301-311.
104. Lievre A, Bachet JB, Boige V, Cayre A, Le Corre D, Buc E, et al., (2008). KRAS mutations as an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. J Clin Oncol 26: 374-379.
105. Lindzen M, Lavi S, Leitner O, Yarden Y, (2010). Tailored cancer immunotherapy using combinations of chemotherapy and a mixture of antibodies against EGF-receptor ligands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107: 12559-12563.
106. Linke R, Klein A, Seimetz D, (2010). Catumaxomab: clinical development and future directions. MAbs 2: 129-136.
107. Liu BY, Chen XH, Gu QL, Li JF, Yin HR, Zhu ZG, et al., (2004). Antitumor effects of vaccine consisting of dendritic cells pulsed with tumor RNA from gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 10: 630-633.
108. Lonberg N, (2005). Human antibodies from transgenic animals. Nat Biotechnol 23: 1117-1125.
109. Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, Gurubhagavatula S, Okimoto RA, Brannigan BW, et al., (2004). Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med 350: 2129-2139.
110. Mahoney KM, Rennert PD, Freeman GJ, (2015). Combination cancer immunotherapy and new immunomodulatory targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov 14: 561-584.
111. Maloney DG, Grillo-Lopez AJ, White CA, Bodkin D, Schilder RJ, Neidhart JA, et al., (1997). IDEC-C2B8 (Rituximab) anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in patients with relapsed low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood 90: 2188-2195.
112. Mancini M, Gaborit N, Lindzen M, Meir Salame T, Dall'Ora M, Sevilla-Sharon M, et al., (2015). Combining three antibodies nullifies feedback-mediated resistance to erlotinib in lung cancer. Sci Signal 8: ra53.
113. Maron R, Schechter B, Mancini M, Mahlknecht G, Yarden Y, Sela M, (2013). Inhibition of pancreatic carcinoma by homo- and heterocombinations of antibodies against EGF-receptor and its kin HER2/ErbB-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110: 15389-15394.
114. McCafferty J, Griffiths AD, Winter G, Chiswell DJ, (1990). Phage antibodies: filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains. Nature 348: 552-554.
115. McDonagh CF, Huhalov A, Harms BD, Adams S, Paragas V, Oyama S, et al., (2012). Antitumor activity of a novel bispecific antibody that targets the ErbB2/ErbB3 oncogenic unit and inhibits heregulin-induced activation of ErbB3. Mol Cancer Ther 11: 582-593.
116. McLaughlin P, Grillo-Lopez AJ, Link BK, Levy R, Czuczman MS, Williams ME, et al., (1998). Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy for relapsed indolent lymphoma: half of patients respond to a four-dose treatment program. J Clin Oncol 16: 2825-2833.
117. Mellman I, Coukos G, Dranoff G, (2011). Cancer immunotherapy comes of age. Nature 480: 480-489.
118. Mendelsohn J, Baselga J, (2006). Epidermal growth factor receptor targeting in cancer. Semin Oncol 33: 369-385.
119. Meulendijks D, Jacob W, Martinez-Garcia M, Taus A, Lolkema MP, Voest EE, et al., (2016). First-in-Human Phase I Study of Lumretuzumab, a Glycoengineered Humanized Anti-HER3 Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Metastatic or Advanced HER3-Positive Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 22: 877-885.
120. Milani A, Sangiolo D, Montemurro F, Aglietta M, Valabrega G, (2013). Active immunotherapy in HER2 overexpressing breast cancer: current status and future perspectives. Ann Oncol 24: 1740-1748.
121. Montagut C, Dalmases A, Bellosillo B, Crespo M, Pairet S, Iglesias M, et al., (2012). Identification of a mutation in the extracellular domain of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor conferring cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer. Nat Med 18: 221-223.
122. Mosesson Y, Mills GB, Yarden Y, (2008). Derailed endocytosis: an emerging feature of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 8: 835-850.
123. Musolino A, Naldi N, Bortesi B, Pezzuolo D, Capelletti M, Missale G, et al., (2008). Immunoglobulin G fragment C receptor polymorphisms and clinical efficacy of trastuzumab-based therapy in patients with HER-2/neu-positive metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 26: 1789-1796.
124. Nagata Y, Lan KH, Zhou X, Tan M, Esteva FJ, Sahin AA, et al., (2004). PTEN activation contributes to tumor inhibition by trastuzumab, and loss of PTEN predicts trastuzumab resistance in patients. Cancer Cell 6: 117-127.
125. Nahta R, Hung MC, Esteva FJ, (2004a). The HER-2-targeting antibodies trastuzumab and pertuzumab synergistically inhibit the survival of breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 64: 2343-2346.
126. Nahta R, Takahashi T, Ueno NT, Hung MC, Esteva FJ, (2004b). P27(kip1) down-regulation is associated with trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 64: 3981-3986.
127. Narayan M, Wilken JA, Harris LN, Baron AT, Kimbler KD, Maihle NJ, (2009). Trastuzumab-induced HER reprogramming in "resistant" breast carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 69: 2191-2194.
128. Ober RJ, Radu CG, Ghetie V, Ward ES, (2001). Differences in promiscuity for antibody-FcRn interactions across species: implications for therapeutic antibodies. Int Immunol 13: 1551-1559.
129. Oki Y, Younes A, (2004). Heat shock protein-based cancer vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 3: 403-411.
130. Ott MG, Marme F, Moldenhauer G, Lindhofer H, Hennig M, Spannagl R, et al., (2012). Humoral response to catumaxomab correlates with clinical outcome: results of the pivotal phase II/III study in patients with malignant ascites. Int J Cancer 130: 2195-2203.
131. Oxnard GR, Arcila ME, Chmielecki J, Ladanyi M, Miller VA, Pao W, (2011). New strategies in overcoming acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 17: 5530-5537.
132. Paez JG, Janne PA, Lee JC, Tracy S, Greulich H, Gabriel S, et al., (2004). EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy. Science 304: 1497-1500.
133. Palanca-Wessels MCA, Czuczman M, Salles G, Assouline S, Sehn LH, Flinn I, et al., (2015). Safety and activity of the anti-CD79B antibody-drug conjugate polatuzumab vedotin in relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a phase 1 study. Lancet Oncol 16: 704-715.
134. Pao W, Miller VA, Politi KA, Riely GJ, Somwar R, Zakowski MF, et al., (2005). Acquired resistance of lung adenocarcinomas to gefitinib or erlotinib is associated with a second mutation in the EGFR kinase domain. PLoS Med 2: e73.
135. Pao W, Miller V, Zakowski M, Doherty J, Politi K, Sarkaria I, et al., (2004). EGF receptor gene mutations are common in lung cancers from "never smokers" and are associated with sensitivity of tumors to gefitinib and erlotinib. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101: 13306-13311.
136. Pedersen MW, Jacobsen HJ, Koefoed K, Hey A, Pyke C, Haurum JS, et al., (2010). Sym004: a novel synergistic anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody mixture with superior anticancer efficacy. Cancer Res 70: 588-597.
137. Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Alexander SPH, Buneman OP, et al., (2014). The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY: an expert-driven knowledge base of drug targets and their ligands. Nucleic Acids Res 42 (Database Issue): D1098-D1106.
138. Peoples GE, Goedegebuure PS, Smith R, Linehan DC, Yoshino I, Eberlein TJ, (1995). Breast and ovarian cancer-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize the same HER2/neu-derived peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92: 432-436.
139. Perera RM, Narita Y, Furnari FB, Gan HK, Murone C, Ahlkvist M, et al., (2005). Treatment of human tumor xenografts with monoclonal antibody 806 in combination with a prototypical epidermal growth factor receptor-specific antibody generates enhanced antitumor activity. Clin Cancer Res 11: 6390-6399.
140. Pillay V, Gan HK, Scott AM, (2011). Antibodies in oncology. N Biotechnol 28: 518-529.
141. Postow MA, Chesney J, Pavlick AC, Robert C, Grossmann K, McDermott D, et al., (2015). Nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med 372: 2006-2017.
142. Pro B, Advani R, Brice P, Bartlett NL, Rosenblatt JD, Illidge T, et al., (2012). Brentuximab vedotin (SGN-35) in patients with relapsed or refractory systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: results of a phase ii study. J Clin Oncol 30: 2190-2196.
143. Reis-Filho JS, Pinheiro C, Lambros MB, Milanezi F, Carvalho S, Savage K, et al., (2006). EGFR amplification and lack of activating mutations in metaplastic breast carcinomas. J Pathol 209: 445-453.
144. Ribas A, Puzanov I, Dummer R, Schadendorf D, Hamid O, Robert C, et al., (2015). Pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory melanoma (KEYNOTE-002): a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 16: 908-918.
145. Riechmann L, Clark M, Waldmann H, Winter G, (1988). Reshaping human antibodies for therapy. Nature 332: 323-327.
146. Ritter CA, Perez-Torres M, Rinehart C, Guix M, Dugger T, Engelman JA, et al., (2007). Human breast cancer cells selected for resistance to trastuzumab in vivo overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor and ErbB ligands and remain dependent on the ErbB receptor network. Clin Cancer Res 13: 4909-4919.
147. Robert C, Thomas L, Bondarenko I, O'Day S, Weber J, Garbe C, et al., (2011). Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med 364: 2517-2526.
148. Robert C, Ribas A, Wolchok JD, Hodi FS, Hamid O, Kefford R, et al., (2014). Anti-programmed-death-receptor-1 treatment with pembrolizumab in ipilimumab-refractory advanced melanoma: a randomised dose-comparison cohort of a phase 1 trial. Lancet 384: 1109-1117.
149. Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, Dutriaux C, Maio M, Mortier L, et al., (2015). Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med 372: 320-330.
150. Roberts AW, Ma S, Brander D, Kipps TJ, Barrientos JC, Davids MS, et al., (2015). Venetoclax (Abt-199/Gdc-0199) combined with rituximab induces deep responses in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 100: 154-154.
151. Sak MM, Szymanska M, Bertelsen V, Hasmann M, Madshus IH, Stang E, (2013). Pertuzumab counteracts the inhibitory effect of ErbB2 on degradation of ErbB3. Carcinogenesis 34: 2031-2038.
152. Sawyers CL, (2008). The cancer biomarker problem. Nature 452: 548-552.
153. Schadendorf D, Hodi FS, Robert C, Weber JS, Margolin K, Hamid O, et al., (2015). Pooled analysis of long-term survival data from phase II and phase III trials of ipilimumab in unresectable or metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 33: 1889-1894.
154. Schaefer G, Haber L, Crocker LM, Shia S, Shao L, Dowbenko D, et al., (2011). A two-in-one antibody against HER3 and EGFR has superior inhibitory activity compared with monospecific antibodies. Cancer Cell 20: 472-486.
155. Scheuer W, Friess T, Burtscher H, Bossenmaier B, Endl J, Hasmann M, (2009). Strongly enhanced antitumor activity of trastuzumab and pertuzumab combination treatment on HER2-positive human xenograft tumor models. Cancer Res 69: 9330-9336.
156. Schoeberl B, Faber AC, Li D, Liang MC, Crosby K, Onsum M, et al., (2010). An ErbB3 antibody, MM-121, is active in cancers with ligand-dependent activation. Cancer Res 70: 2485-2494.
157. Scott AM, Wolchok JD, Old LJ, (2012). Antibody therapy of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 12: 278-287.
158. Seimetz D, Lindhofer H, Bokemeyer C, (2010). Development and approval of the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM x anti-CD3) as a targeted cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev 36: 458-467.
159. Sergina NV, Rausch M, Wang D, Blair J, Hann B, Shokat KM, et al., (2007). Escape from HER-family tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy by the kinase-inactive HER3. Nature 445: 437-441.
160. Sharma P, Allison JP, (2015). The future of immune checkpoint therapy. Science 348: 56-61.
161. Shuptrine CW, Surana R, Weiner LM, (2012). Monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 22: 3-13.
162. Sievers EL, Senter PD, (2013). Antibody-drug conjugates in cancer therapy. Annu Rev Med 64: 15-29.
163. Slamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, Fuchs H, Paton V, Bajamonde A, et al., (2001). Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med 344: 783-792.
164. Spiess C, Zhai Q, Carter PJ, (2015). Alternative molecular formats and therapeutic applications for bispecific antibodies. Mol Immunol 67: 95-106.
165. Spiridon CI, Ghetie MA, Uhr J, Marches R, Li JL, Shen GL, et al., (2002). Targeting multiple Her-2 epitopes with monoclonal antibodies results in improved antigrowth activity of a human breast cancer cell line in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 8: 1720-1730.
166. Stern M, Herrmann R, (2005). Overview of monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy: present and promise. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 54: 11-29.
167. Stoermer KA, Morrison TE, (2011). Complement and viral pathogenesis. Virology 411: 362-373.
168. Suarez N, Alfaro C, Dubrot J, Palazon A, Bolanos E, Erro L, et al., (2011). Synergistic effects of CTLA-4 blockade with tremelimumab and elimination of regulatory T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 129: 374-386.
169. Sunada H, Magun BE, Mendelsohn J, MacLeod CL, (1986). Monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor is internalized without stimulating receptor phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 3825-3829.
170. Sutton P, O'Rourke J, Wilson J, Dixon MF, Lee A, (2004). Immunisation against Helicobacter felis infection protects against the development of gastric MALT Lymphoma. Vaccine 22: 2541-2546.
171. Swain SM, Baselga J, Kim SB, Ro J, Semiglazov V, Campone M, et al., (2015). Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med 372: 724-734.
172. Topalian SL, Weiner GJ, Pardoll DM, (2011). Cancer immunotherapy comes of age. J Clin Oncol 29: 4828-4836.
173. Topp MS, Gokbuget N, Stein AS, Zugmaier G, O'Brien S, Bargou RC, et al., (2015). Safety and activity of blinatumomab for adult patients with relapsed or refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 16: 57-66.
174. Tsukada Y, Hurwitz E, Kashi R, Sela M, Hibi N, Hara A, et al., (1982). Chemotherapy by intravenous administration of conjugates of daunomycin with monoclonal and conventional anti-rat alpha-fetoprotein antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 7896-7899.
175. Tsukada Y, Hurwitz E, Kashi R, Sela M, Hibi N, Hara A, et al., (1983). Effect of a conjugate of daunomycin and purified polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies to rat alpha-fetoprotein on the growth of alpha-fetoprotein-producing tumor cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 417: 262-269.
176. Ueda Y, Sonoda Y, Fujiki H, Harada S, Kimura T, Itoh T, et al., (2004). Mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) after etoposide, adriamycin and cisplatin therapy, and a multimodal cell therapy approach with PBSCs in advanced gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 12: 323-332.
177. Verma S, Miles D, Gianni L, Krop IE, Welslau M, Baselga J, et al., (2012). Trastuzumab emtansine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 367: 1783-1791.
178. Weidle UH, Kontermann RE, Brinkmann U, (2014). Tumor-antigen-binding bispecific antibodies for cancer treatment. Semin Oncol 41: 653-660.
179. Weng WK, Levy R, (2003). Two immunoglobulin G fragment C receptor polymorphisms independently predict response to rituximab in patients with follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 21: 3940-3947.
180. Wheeler DL, Huang S, Kruser TJ, Nechrebecki MM, Armstrong EA, Benavente S, et al., (2008). Mechanisms of acquired resistance to cetuximab: role of HER (ErbB) family members. Oncogene 27: 3944-3956.
181. Wherry EJ, (2011). T cell exhaustion. Nat Immunol 12: 492-499.
182. Wolchok JD, Kluger H, Callahan MK, Postow MA, Rizvi NA, Lesokhin AM, et al., (2013). Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med 369: 122-133.
183. Yakes FM, Chinratanalab W, Ritter CA, King W, Seelig S, Arteaga CL, (2002). Herceptin-induced inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and Akt Is required for antibody-mediated effects on p27, cyclin D1, and antitumor action. Cancer Res 62: 4132-4141.
184. Yang XD, Jia XC, Corvalan JR, Wang P, Davis CG, (2001). Development of ABX-EGF, a fully human anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibody, for cancer therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 38: 17-23.
185. Yarden Y, Sliwkowski MX, (2001). Untangling the ErbB signalling network. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2: 127-137.
186. Yonesaka K, Zejnullahu K, Okamoto I, Satoh T, Cappuzzo F, Souglakos J, et al., (2011). Activation of ERBB2 signaling causes resistance to the EGFR-directed therapeutic antibody cetuximab. Sci Transl Med 3: 99ra86.
187. You T, Hu W, Ge X, Shen J, Qin X, (2011). Application of a novel inhibitor of human CD59 for the enhancement of complement-dependent cytolysis on cancer cells. Cell Mol Immunol 8: 157-163.
188. Younes A, Bartlett NL, Leonard JP, Kennedy DA, Lynch CM, Sievers EL, et al., (2010). Brentuximab Vedotin (SGN-35) for Relapsed CD30-Positive Lymphomas. New Engl J Med 363: 1812-1821.
189. Younes A, Gopal AK, Smith SE, Ansell SM, Rosenblatt JD, Savage KJ, et al., (2012). Results of a pivotal phase II study of brentuximab vedotin for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 30: 2183-2189.
190. Zeidler R, Mysliwietz J, Csanady M, Walz A, Ziegler I, Schmitt B, et al., (2000). The Fc-region of a new class of intact bispecific antibody mediates activation of accessory cells and NK cells and induces direct phagocytosis of tumour cells. Br J Cancer 83: 261-266.
191. Zhang W, Gordon M, Schultheis AM, Yang DY, Nagashima F, Azuma M, et al., (2007). FCGR2A and FCGR3A polymorphisms associated with clinical outcome of epidermal growth factor receptor expressing metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with single-agent cetuximab. J Clin Oncol 25: 3712-3718.