메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 31-39

Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: An update

Author keywords

cardiovascular diseases; MGP; phenotype switch; Vitamin K; VSMC

Indexed keywords

ALENDRONIC ACID; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ANTIVITAMIN K; CALCIMIMETIC AGENT; CALCITRIOL; CALCIUM ACETATE; CALCIUM CARBONATE; CINACALCET; COLECALCIFEROL; ECTONUCLEOTIDE PYROPHOSPHATASE PHOSPHODIESTERASE; FARNOQUINONE; FETUIN A; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LANTHANUM CARBONATE; MATRIX GLA PROTEIN; OSTEOCALCIN; OSTEOPONTIN; OSTEOPROTEGERIN; PHOSPHODIESTERASE; PHYTOMENADIONE; PLACEBO; PYROPHOSPHATE; SEVELAMER; SODIUM THIOSULFATE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VITAMIN D DERIVATIVE; VITAMIN K GROUP; CALCIUM; PHOSPHATE;

EID: 84960157825     PISSN: 09310509     EISSN: 14602385     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv111     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (196)

References (108)
  • 2
    • 33745003930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcification and cardiovascular health: New insights into an old phenomenon
    • Ketteler M, Schlieper G, Floege J. Calcification and cardiovascular health: new insights into an old phenomenon. Hypertension 2006; 47: 1027-1034
    • (2006) Hypertension , vol.47 , pp. 1027-1034
    • Ketteler, M.1    Schlieper, G.2    Floege, J.3
  • 3
    • 84924357400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Con: Vascular calcification is a surrogate marker, but not the cause of ongoing vascular disease, and it is not a treatment target in chronic kidney disease
    • Zoccali C, London G. Con: Vascular calcification is a surrogate marker, but not the cause of ongoing vascular disease, and it is not a treatment target in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30: 352-357
    • (2015) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.30 , pp. 352-357
    • Zoccali, C.1    London, G.2
  • 4
    • 84888640276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphate restriction significantly reduces mortality in uremic rats with established vascular calcification
    • Finch JL, Lee DH, Liapis H, et al. Phosphate restriction significantly reduces mortality in uremic rats with established vascular calcification. Kidney Int 2013; 84: 1145-1153
    • (2013) Kidney Int , vol.84 , pp. 1145-1153
    • Finch, J.L.1    Lee, D.H.2    Liapis, H.3
  • 5
    • 84902591349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medial vascular calcification revisited: Review and perspectives
    • Lanzer P, Boehm M, Sorribas V, et al. Medial vascular calcification revisited: review and perspectives. Eur Heart J 2014; 35: 1515-1525
    • (2014) Eur Heart J , vol.35 , pp. 1515-1525
    • Lanzer, P.1    Boehm, M.2    Sorribas, V.3
  • 6
    • 84892865007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcific uraemic arteriolopathy: A rare disease with a potentially high impact on chronic kidney diseasemineral and bone disorder
    • Brandenburg VM, Sinha S, Specht P, et al. Calcific uraemic arteriolopathy: a rare disease with a potentially high impact on chronic kidney diseasemineral and bone disorder. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29: 2289-2298
    • (2014) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.29 , pp. 2289-2298
    • Brandenburg, V.M.1    Sinha, S.2    Specht, P.3
  • 7
    • 84924418930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro: Cardiovascular calcifications are clinically relevant
    • Bover J, Evenepoel P, Urena-Torres P, et al. Pro: cardiovascular calcifications are clinically relevant. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30: 345-351
    • (2015) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.30 , pp. 345-351
    • Bover, J.1    Evenepoel, P.2    Urena-Torres, P.3
  • 8
    • 80055070443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arterial aging and arterial disease: Interplay between central hemodynamics, cardiac work, and organ flow-implications for CKD and cardiovascular disease
    • London G, Covic A, Goldsmith D, et al. Arterial aging and arterial disease: interplay between central hemodynamics, cardiac work, and organ flow-implications for CKD and cardiovascular disease. Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 2011; 1: 10-12
    • (2011) Kidney Int Suppl ( , vol.2011 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-12
    • London, G.1    Covic, A.2    Goldsmith, D.3
  • 9
    • 0036039240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular changes in renal failure
    • Tyralla K, Amann K. Cardiovascular changes in renal failure. Blood Purif 2002; 20: 462-465
    • (2002) Blood Purif , vol.20 , pp. 462-465
    • Tyralla, K.1    Amann, K.2
  • 10
    • 80052269197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and treatment of extraosseous calcification in chronic kidney disease
    • Ketteler M, Rothe H, Kruger T, et al. Mechanisms and treatment of extraosseous calcification in chronic kidney disease.Nat RevNephrol 2011; 7: 509-516
    • (2011) Nat RevNephrol , vol.7 , pp. 509-516
    • Ketteler, M.1    Rothe, H.2    Kruger, T.3
  • 11
    • 84895111042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast arterial calcification in chronic kidney disease: Absence of smooth muscle apoptosis and osteogenic transdifferentiation
    • O'Neill WC, Adams AL. Breast arterial calcification in chronic kidney disease: absence of smooth muscle apoptosis and osteogenic transdifferentiation. Kidney Int 2014; 85: 668-676
    • (2014) Kidney Int , vol.85 , pp. 668-676
    • O'Neill, W.C.1    Adams, A.L.2
  • 12
    • 84895117216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: Not all arteries are created equal
    • Schlieper G. Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: not all arteries are created equal. Kidney Int 2014; 85: 501-503
    • (2014) Kidney Int , vol.85 , pp. 501-503
    • Schlieper, G.1
  • 13
    • 77950612644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural analysis of vascular calcifications in uremia
    • Schlieper G, Aretz A, Verberckmoes SC, et al. Ultrastructural analysis of vascular calcifications in uremia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21: 689-696
    • (2010) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.21 , pp. 689-696
    • Schlieper, G.1    Aretz, A.2    Verberckmoes, S.C.3
  • 14
    • 79957830094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum i PTH, calcium and phosphate, and the risk of mortality in a European haemodialysis population
    • Floege J, Kim J, Ireland E, et al. Serum i PTH, calcium and phosphate, and the risk of mortality in a European haemodialysis population. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26: 1948-1955
    • (2011) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.26 , pp. 1948-1955
    • Floege, J.1    Kim, J.2    Ireland, E.3
  • 15
    • 84857650449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein signaling reduces vascular calcification and atherosclerosis
    • Derwall M, Malhotra R, Lai CS, et al. Inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein signaling reduces vascular calcification and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32: 613-622
    • (2012) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.32 , pp. 613-622
    • Derwall, M.1    Malhotra, R.2    Lai, C.S.3
  • 16
    • 75149140991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic mineral dysregulation promotes vascular smooth muscle cell adaptation and extracellular matrix calcification
    • Shroff RC, McNair R, Skepper JN, et al. Chronic mineral dysregulation promotes vascular smooth muscle cell adaptation and extracellular matrix calcification. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21: 103-112
    • (2010) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.21 , pp. 103-112
    • Shroff, R.C.1    McNair, R.2    Skepper, J.N.3
  • 17
    • 0029118191 scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of serum parathyroid hormone levels for bone turnover in patients on chronic maintenance dialysis
    • Qi Q, Monier-Faugere MC, Geng Z, et al. Predictive value of serum parathyroid hormone levels for bone turnover in patients on chronic maintenance dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 1995; 26: 622-631
    • (1995) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.26 , pp. 622-631
    • Qi, Q.1    Monier-Faugere, M.C.2    Geng, Z.3
  • 18
    • 84860778116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular Klotho deficiency potentiates the development of human artery calcification and mediates resistance to fibroblast growth factor 23
    • Lim K, Lu TS, Molostvov G, et al. Vascular Klotho deficiency potentiates the development of human artery calcification and mediates resistance to fibroblast growth factor 23. Circulation 2012; 125: 2243-2255
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.125 , pp. 2243-2255
    • Lim, K.1    Lu, T.S.2    Molostvov, G.3
  • 19
    • 84882238083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factor 23 is not associated with and does not induce arterial calcification
    • Scialla JJ, Lau WL, Reilly MP, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 is not associated with and does not induce arterial calcification. Kidney Int 2013; 83: 1159-1168
    • (2013) Kidney Int , vol.83 , pp. 1159-1168
    • Scialla, J.J.1    Lau, W.L.2    Reilly, M.P.3
  • 20
    • 58449121900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcification is associated with loss of functional calcium-sensing receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Alam MU, Kirton JP, Wilkinson FL, et al. Calcification is associated with loss of functional calcium-sensing receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 81: 260-268
    • (2009) Cardiovasc Res , vol.81 , pp. 260-268
    • Alam, M.U.1    Kirton, J.P.2    Wilkinson, F.L.3
  • 21
    • 67651087160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The calcimimetic AMG 641 abrogates parathyroid hyperplasia, bone and vascular calcification abnormalities in uremic rats
    • Henley C, Davis J, Miller G, et al. The calcimimetic AMG 641 abrogates parathyroid hyperplasia, bone and vascular calcification abnormalities in uremic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 616: 306-313
    • (2009) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.616 , pp. 306-313
    • Henley, C.1    Davis, J.2    Miller, G.3
  • 22
    • 76649133303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: Molecular genetics and putative pathomechanisms
    • Uitto J, Li Q, Jiang Q. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: molecular genetics and putative pathomechanisms. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130: 661-670
    • (2010) J Invest Dermatol , vol.130 , pp. 661-670
    • Uitto, J.1    Li, Q.2    Jiang, Q.3
  • 23
    • 13044266360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenetic sequence for aneurysm revealed in mice underexpressing fibrillin-1
    • Pereira L, Lee SY, Gayraud B, et al. Pathogenetic sequence for aneurysm revealed in mice underexpressing fibrillin-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 3819-3823
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 3819-3823
    • Pereira, L.1    Lee, S.Y.2    Gayraud, B.3
  • 24
    • 10044280353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elastin degradation and calcification in an abdominal aorta injury model: Role of matrix metalloproteinases
    • Basalyga DM, Simionescu DT, Xiong W, et al. Elastin degradation and calcification in an abdominal aorta injury model: role of matrix metalloproteinases. Circulation 2004; 110: 3480-3487
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 3480-3487
    • Basalyga, D.M.1    Simionescu, D.T.2    Xiong, W.3
  • 25
    • 65349154635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arterial and aortic valve calcification abolished by elastolytic cathepsin S deficiency in chronic renal disease
    • Aikawa E, Aikawa M, Libby P, et al. Arterial and aortic valve calcification abolished by elastolytic cathepsin S deficiency in chronic renal disease. Circulation 2009; 119: 1785-1794
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , pp. 1785-1794
    • Aikawa, E.1    Aikawa, M.2    Libby, P.3
  • 26
    • 72449195175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elastin degradation accelerates phosphate-induced mineralization of vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Hosaka N, Mizobuchi M, Ogata H, et al. Elastin degradation accelerates phosphate-induced mineralization of vascular smooth muscle cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2009; 85: 523-529
    • (2009) Calcif Tissue Int , vol.85 , pp. 523-529
    • Hosaka, N.1    Mizobuchi, M.2    Ogata, H.3
  • 27
    • 84892717366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elastin haploinsufficiency impedes the progression of arterial calcification in MGP-deficient mice
    • Khavandgar Z, Roman H, Li J, et al. Elastin haploinsufficiency impedes the progression of arterial calcification in MGP-deficient mice. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29: 327-337
    • (2014) J Bone Miner Res , vol.29 , pp. 327-337
    • Khavandgar, Z.1    Roman, H.2    Li, J.3
  • 28
    • 79951823118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elastin degradation and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype change precede cell loss and arterial medial calcification in a uremic mouse model of chronic kidney disease
    • Pai A, Leaf EM, El-Abbadi M, et al. Elastin degradation and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype change precede cell loss and arterial medial calcification in a uremic mouse model of chronic kidney disease. Am J Pathol 2011; 178: 764-773
    • (2011) Am J Pathol , vol.178 , pp. 764-773
    • Pai, A.1    Leaf, E.M.2    El-Abbadi, M.3
  • 29
    • 2542471518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphate-induced vascular calcification: Role of pyrophosphate and osteopontin
    • Lomashvili KA, Cobbs S, Hennigar RA, et al. Phosphate-induced vascular calcification: role of pyrophosphate and osteopontin. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 1392-1401
    • (2004) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.15 , pp. 1392-1401
    • Lomashvili, K.A.1    Cobbs, S.2    Hennigar, R.A.3
  • 31
    • 84872842592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological inhibition of PHOSPHO1 suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell calcification
    • Kiffer-Moreira T, Yadav MC, Zhu D, et al. Pharmacological inhibition of PHOSPHO1 suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28: 81-91
    • (2013) J Bone Miner Res , vol.28 , pp. 81-91
    • Kiffer-Moreira, T.1    Yadav, M.C.2    Zhu, D.3
  • 32
    • 84879514705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palmitic acid induces osteoblastic differentiation in vascular smooth muscle cells through ACSL3 and NF-kappa B, novel targets of eicosapentaenoic acid
    • Kageyama A, Matsui H, Ohta M, et al. Palmitic acid induces osteoblastic differentiation in vascular smooth muscle cells through ACSL3 and NF-kappa B, novel targets of eicosapentaenoic acid. PLoS One 2013; 8: e68197
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e68197
    • Kageyama, A.1    Matsui, H.2    Ohta, M.3
  • 33
    • 79251630740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidized low-density lipoprotein promotes osteoblast differentiation in primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells by up-regulating Osterix expression in an Msx2-dependent manner
    • Taylor J, Butcher M, Zeadin M, et al. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein promotes osteoblast differentiation in primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells by up-regulating Osterix expression in an Msx2-dependent manner. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112: 581-588
    • (2011) J Cell Biochem , vol.112 , pp. 581-588
    • Taylor, J.1    Butcher, M.2    Zeadin, M.3
  • 35
    • 84899658632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of c1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 promotes phosphate-induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification both in vivo and in vitro
    • Zhou Y, Wang JY, Feng H, et al. Overexpression of c1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 promotes phosphate-induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification both in vivo and in vitro. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34: 1002-1010
    • (2014) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.34 , pp. 1002-1010
    • Zhou, Y.1    Wang, J.Y.2    Feng, H.3
  • 36
    • 84928760731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial microparticles mediate inflammation-induced vascular calcification
    • Buendia P, Montes de Oca A, Madueno JA, et al. Endothelial microparticles mediate inflammation-induced vascular calcification. FASEB J 2015; 9: 73-181
    • (2015) FASEB J , vol.9 , pp. 73-181
    • Buendia, P.1    Montes De Oca, A.2    Madueno, J.A.3
  • 37
    • 63849098507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 3 cystatins; Fetuins, kininogen and histidine-rich glycoprotein
    • Lee C, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Sollner C, et al. Type 3 cystatins; fetuins, kininogen and histidine-rich glycoprotein. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2009; 14: 2911-2922
    • (2009) Front Biosci (Landmark Ed , vol.14 , pp. 2911-2922
    • Lee, C.1    Bongcam-Rudloff, E.2    Sollner, C.3
  • 38
    • 0037426081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of low fetuin-A (AHSG) concentrations in serum with cardiovascular mortality in patients on dialysis: A cross-sectional study
    • Ketteler M, Bongartz P, Westenfeld R, et al. Association of low fetuin-A (AHSG) concentrations in serum with cardiovascular mortality in patients on dialysis: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 2003; 361: 827-833
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 827-833
    • Ketteler, M.1    Bongartz, P.2    Westenfeld, R.3
  • 39
    • 85047694301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The serum protein alpha 2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein/fetuin-A is a systemically acting inhibitor of ectopic calcification
    • Schäfer C, Heiss A, Schwarz A, et al. The serum protein alpha 2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein/fetuin-A is a systemically acting inhibitor of ectopic calcification. J Clin Invest 2003; 112: 357-366
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.112 , pp. 357-366
    • Schäfer, C.1    Heiss, A.2    Schwarz, A.3
  • 40
    • 67449102482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetuin-A protects against atherosclerotic calcification in CKD
    • Westenfeld R, Schafer C, Kruger T, et al. Fetuin-A protects against atherosclerotic calcification in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20: 1264-1274
    • (2009) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.20 , pp. 1264-1274
    • Westenfeld, R.1    Schafer, C.2    Kruger, T.3
  • 41
    • 84865457986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clearance of fetuin-A-containing calciprotein particles is mediated by scavenger receptor-A
    • Herrmann M, Schafer C, Heiss A, et al. Clearance of fetuin-A-containing calciprotein particles is mediated by scavenger receptor-A. Circ Res 2012; 111: 575-584
    • (2012) Circ Res , vol.111 , pp. 575-584
    • Herrmann, M.1    Schafer, C.2    Heiss, A.3
  • 42
    • 33645269267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multifunctional roles for serum protein fetuin-A in inhibition of human vascular smooth muscle cell calcification
    • Reynolds JL, Skepper JN, McNair R, et al. Multifunctional roles for serum protein fetuin-A in inhibition of human vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16: 2920-2930
    • (2005) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.16 , pp. 2920-2930
    • Reynolds, J.L.1    Skepper, J.N.2    McNair, R.3
  • 43
    • 84901336901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetuin-A and albumin alter cytotoxic effects of calcium phosphate nanoparticles on human vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Dautova Y, Kozlova D, Skepper JN, et al. Fetuin-A and albumin alter cytotoxic effects of calcium phosphate nanoparticles on human vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS ONE 2014; 9: e97565
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9 , pp. e97565
    • Dautova, Y.1    Kozlova, D.2    Skepper, J.N.3
  • 44
    • 0029666256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetuin/alpha2-HS glycoprotein is a transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor mimic and cytokine antagonist
    • Demetriou M, Binkert C, Sukhu B, et al. Fetuin/alpha2-HS glycoprotein is a transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor mimic and cytokine antagonist. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 12755-12761
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 12755-12761
    • Demetriou, M.1    Binkert, C.2    Sukhu, B.3
  • 45
    • 0030947025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous calcification of arteries and cartilage in mice lacking matrix GLA protein
    • Luo G, Ducy P, McKee MD, et al. Spontaneous calcification of arteries and cartilage in mice lacking matrix GLA protein. Nature 1997; 386: 78-81
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 78-81
    • Luo, G.1    Ducy, P.2    McKee, M.D.3
  • 46
    • 0031660278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Williamson MK.Warfarin causes rapid calcification of the elastic lamellae in rat arteries and heart valves
    • Price PA, Faus SA, Williamson MK.Warfarin causes rapid calcification of the elastic lamellae in rat arteries and heart valves. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18: 1400-1407
    • (1998) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.18 , pp. 1400-1407
    • Price, P.A.1    Faus, S.A.2
  • 47
    • 2942631661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular matrix mineralization is regulated locally; Different roles of two gla-containing proteins
    • Murshed M, Schinke T, McKee MD, et al. Extracellular matrix mineralization is regulated locally; different roles of two gla-containing proteins. J Cell Biol 2004; 165: 625-630
    • (2004) J Cell Biol , vol.165 , pp. 625-630
    • Murshed, M.1    Schinke, T.2    McKee, M.D.3
  • 48
    • 84875843626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of matrix Gla-protein: A crucial switch to control ectopic mineralization
    • Schurgers LJ, Uitto J, Reutelingsperger CP. Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of matrix Gla-protein: a crucial switch to control ectopic mineralization. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19: 217-226
    • (2013) Trends Mol Med , vol.19 , pp. 217-226
    • Schurgers, L.J.1    Uitto, J.2    Reutelingsperger, C.P.3
  • 49
    • 79959954425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium regulates key components of vascular smooth muscle cell-derived matrix vesicles to enhance mineralization
    • Kapustin AN, Davies JD, Reynolds JL, et al. Calcium regulates key components of vascular smooth muscle cell-derived matrix vesicles to enhance mineralization. Circ Res 2011; 109: e1-12
    • (2011) Circ Res , vol.109 , pp. e1-12
    • Kapustin, A.N.1    Davies, J.D.2    Reynolds, J.L.3
  • 50
    • 0035963885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoprotegerin: A link between osteoporosis and arterial calcification?
    • Hofbauer LC, Schoppet M. Osteoprotegerin: a link between osteoporosis and arterial calcification?. Lancet 2001; 358: 257-259
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 257-259
    • Hofbauer, L.C.1    Schoppet, M.2
  • 51
    • 0032079445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop early onset osteoporosis and arterial calcification
    • Bucay N, Sarosi I, Dunstan CR, et al. osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop early onset osteoporosis and arterial calcification. Genes Dev 1998; 12: 1260-1268
    • (1998) Genes Dev , vol.12 , pp. 1260-1268
    • Bucay, N.1    Sarosi, I.2    Dunstan, C.R.3
  • 52
    • 0036185308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased circulating levels of osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (osteoprotegerin) in patients with chronic renal failure
    • Kazama JJ, Shigematsu T, Yano K, et al. Increased circulating levels of osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (osteoprotegerin) in patients with chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 39: 525-532
    • (2002) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.39 , pp. 525-532
    • Kazama, J.J.1    Shigematsu, T.2    Yano, K.3
  • 53
    • 0031859977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation in Npps in a mouse model of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine
    • Okawa A, Nakamura I, Goto S, et al. Mutation in Npps in a mouse model of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. Nat Genet 1998; 19: 271-273
    • (1998) Nat Genet , vol.19 , pp. 271-273
    • Okawa, A.1    Nakamura, I.2    Goto, S.3
  • 54
    • 84901924453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular calcification is dependent on plasma levels of pyrophosphate
    • Lomashvili KA, Narisawa S, Millan JL, et al.Vascular calcification is dependent on plasma levels of pyrophosphate. Kidney Int 2014; 85: 1351-1356
    • (2014) Kidney Int , vol.85 , pp. 1351-1356
    • Lomashvili, K.A.1    Narisawa, S.2    Millan, J.L.3
  • 55
    • 36048959129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteopontin: A multifunctional molecule regulating chronic inflammation and vascular disease
    • Scatena M, Liaw L, Giachelli CM. Osteopontin: a multifunctional molecule regulating chronic inflammation and vascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27: 2302-2309
    • (2007) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.27 , pp. 2302-2309
    • Scatena, M.1    Liaw, L.2    Giachelli, C.M.3
  • 56
    • 0037152187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of the osteopontin gene enhances vascular calcification of matrix Gla protein-deficient mice: Evidence for osteopontin as an inducible inhibitor of vascular calcification in vivo
    • Speer MY, McKee MD, Guldberg RE, et al. Inactivation of the osteopontin gene enhances vascular calcification of matrix Gla protein-deficient mice: evidence for osteopontin as an inducible inhibitor of vascular calcification in vivo. J Exp Med 2002; 196: 1047-1055
    • (2002) J Exp Med , vol.196 , pp. 1047-1055
    • Speer, M.Y.1    McKee, M.D.2    Guldberg, R.E.3
  • 57
    • 17644398457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of vascular calcification: Roles of phosphate and osteopontin
    • Giachelli CM, Speer MY, Li X, et al. Regulation of vascular calcification: roles of phosphate and osteopontin. Circ Res 2005; 96: 717-722
    • (2005) Circ Res , vol.96 , pp. 717-722
    • Giachelli, C.M.1    Speer, M.Y.2    Li, X.3
  • 58
    • 77955964632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation to an osteogenic phenotype involves TRPM7 modulation by magnesium
    • Montezano AC, Zimmerman D, Yusuf H, et al. Vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation to an osteogenic phenotype involves TRPM7 modulation by magnesium. Hypertension 2010; 56: 453-462
    • (2010) Hypertension , vol.56 , pp. 453-462
    • Montezano, A.C.1    Zimmerman, D.2    Yusuf, H.3
  • 59
    • 3042588831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in development and disease
    • Owens GK, Kumar MS, Wamhoff BR. Molecular regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in development and disease. Physiol Rev 2004; 84: 767-801
    • (2004) Physiol Rev , vol.84 , pp. 767-801
    • Owens, G.K.1    Kumar, M.S.2    Wamhoff, B.R.3
  • 60
    • 64249157371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smooth muscle cells give rise to osteochondrogenic precursors and chondrocytes in calcifying arteries
    • Speer MY, Yang HY, Brabb T, et al. Smooth muscle cells give rise to osteochondrogenic precursors and chondrocytes in calcifying arteries. Circ Res 2009; 104: 733-741
    • (2009) Circ Res , vol.104 , pp. 733-741
    • Speer, M.Y.1    Yang, H.Y.2    Brabb, T.3
  • 61
    • 80052174320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regulation of valvular and vascular sclerosis by osteogenic morphogens
    • Bostrom KI, Rajamannan NM, Towler DA. The regulation of valvular and vascular sclerosis by osteogenic morphogens. Circ Res 2011; 109: 564-577
    • (2011) Circ Res , vol.109 , pp. 564-577
    • Bostrom, K.I.1    Rajamannan, N.M.2    Towler, D.A.3
  • 62
    • 47249157776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress induces vascular calcification through modulation of the osteogenic transcription factor Runx2 by AKT signaling
    • Byon CH, Javed A, Dai Q, et al. Oxidative stress induces vascular calcification through modulation of the osteogenic transcription factor Runx2 by AKT signaling. J Biol Chem 2008; 283: 15319-15327
    • (2008) J Biol Chem , vol.283 , pp. 15319-15327
    • Byon, C.H.1    Javed, A.2    Dai, Q.3
  • 63
    • 0035824898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smooth muscle cell phenotypic transition associated with calcification: Upregulation of Cbfa1 and downregulation of smooth muscle lineage markers
    • Steitz SA, Speer MY, Curinga G, et al. Smooth muscle cell phenotypic transition associated with calcification: upregulation of Cbfa1 and downregulation of smooth muscle lineage markers. Circ Res 2001; 89: 1147-1154
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.89 , pp. 1147-1154
    • Steitz, S.A.1    Speer, M.Y.2    Curinga, G.3
  • 64
    • 84898423276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular remodeling and media calcification increases arterial stiffness in chronic kidney disease
    • Gauthier-Bastien A, Ung RV, Lariviere R, et al. Vascular remodeling and media calcification increases arterial stiffness in chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Hypertens 2014; 36: 173-180
    • (2014) Clin Exp Hypertens , vol.36 , pp. 173-180
    • Gauthier-Bastien, A.1    Ung, R.V.2    Lariviere, R.3
  • 65
    • 84865515845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smooth muscle cell-specific runx2 deficiency inhibits vascular calcification
    • Sun Y, Byon CH, Yuan K, et al. Smooth muscle cell-specific runx2 deficiency inhibits vascular calcification. Circ Res 2012; 111: 543-552
    • (2012) Circ Res , vol.111 , pp. 543-552
    • Sun, Y.1    Byon, C.H.2    Yuan, K.3
  • 66
    • 33747428048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic plasticity and the regulation of vascular calcification
    • Iyemere VP, Proudfoot D, Weissberg PL, et al.Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic plasticity and the regulation of vascular calcification. J Intern Med 2006; 260: 192-210
    • (2006) J Intern Med , vol.260 , pp. 192-210
    • Iyemere, V.P.1    Proudfoot, D.2    Weissberg, P.L.3
  • 67
    • 0037341318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteo/chondrocytic transcription factors and their target genes exhibit distinct patterns of expression in human arterial calcification
    • Tyson KL, Reynolds JL, McNair R, et al. Osteo/chondrocytic transcription factors and their target genes exhibit distinct patterns of expression in human arterial calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003; 23: 489-494
    • (2003) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.23 , pp. 489-494
    • Tyson, K.L.1    Reynolds, J.L.2    McNair, R.3
  • 68
    • 84942088907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of ageing on vascular smooth muscle cell behaviour-A mini-review
    • Monk BA, George SJ. The effect of ageing on vascular smooth muscle cell behaviour-A mini-review. Gerontology 2015; 61: 416-426
    • (2015) Gerontology , vol.61 , pp. 416-426
    • Monk, B.A.1    George, S.J.2
  • 69
    • 84890806053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of vascular calcification in CKD-evidence for premature ageing?
    • Shanahan CM. Mechanisms of vascular calcification in CKD-evidence for premature ageing?. Nat Rev Nephrol 2013; 9: 661-670
    • (2013) Nat Rev Nephrol , vol.9 , pp. 661-670
    • Shanahan, C.M.1
  • 70
    • 84879808450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prelamin A accelerates vascular calcification via activation of the DNA damage response and senescenceassociated secretory phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Liu Y, Drozdov I, Shroff R, et al. Prelamin A accelerates vascular calcification via activation of the DNA damage response and senescenceassociated secretory phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 2013; 112: e99-109
    • (2013) Circ Res , vol.112 , pp. e99-e109
    • Liu, Y.1    Drozdov, I.2    Shroff, R.3
  • 71
    • 77953023624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prelamin A acts to accelerate smooth muscle cell senescence and is a novel biomarker of human vascular aging
    • Ragnauth CD, Warren DT, Liu Y, et al. Prelamin A acts to accelerate smooth muscle cell senescence and is a novel biomarker of human vascular aging. Circulation 2010; 121: 2200-2210
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , pp. 2200-2210
    • Ragnauth, C.D.1    Warren, D.T.2    Liu, Y.3
  • 72
    • 84873350580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic insights into vascular calcification in CKD
    • Shroff R, Long DA, Shanahan C. Mechanistic insights into vascular calcification in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24: 179-189
    • (2013) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.24 , pp. 179-189
    • Shroff, R.1    Long, D.A.2    Shanahan, C.3
  • 73
    • 84881024473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of extracellular vesicles in de novo mineralization: An additional novel mechanism of cardiovascular calcification
    • New SE, Aikawa E. Role of extracellular vesicles in de novo mineralization: an additional novel mechanism of cardiovascular calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33: 1753-1758
    • (2013) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.33 , pp. 1753-1758
    • New, S.E.1    Aikawa, E.2
  • 74
    • 79960944057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane vesicles, current state-of-The-Art: Emerging role of extracellular vesicles
    • Gyorgy B, Szabo TG, Pasztoi M, et al. Membrane vesicles, current state-of-The-Art: emerging role of extracellular vesicles. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68: 2667-2688
    • (2011) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.68 , pp. 2667-2688
    • Gyorgy, B.1    Szabo, T.G.2    Pasztoi, M.3
  • 75
    • 14544283020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human vascular smooth muscle cells undergo vesicle-mediated calcification in response to changes in extracellular calcium and phosphate concentrations: A potential mechanism for accelerated vascular calcification in ESRD
    • Reynolds JL, Joannides AJ, Skepper JN, et al. Human vascular smooth muscle cells undergo vesicle-mediated calcification in response to changes in extracellular calcium and phosphate concentrations: a potential mechanism for accelerated vascular calcification in ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 2857-2867
    • (2004) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.15 , pp. 2857-2867
    • Reynolds, J.L.1    Joannides, A.J.2    Skepper, J.N.3
  • 76
    • 0034711505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis regulates human vascular calcification in vitro: Evidence for initiation of vascular calcification by apoptotic bodies
    • Proudfoot D, Skepper JN, Hegyi L, et al. Apoptosis regulates human vascular calcification in vitro: evidence for initiation of vascular calcification by apoptotic bodies. Circ Res 2000; 87: 1055-1062
    • (2000) Circ Res , vol.87 , pp. 1055-1062
    • Proudfoot, D.1    Skepper, J.N.2    Hegyi, L.3
  • 77
    • 48249133229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells accelerates atherosclerosis and promotes calcification and medial degeneration
    • Clarke MC, Littlewood TD, Figg N, et al. Chronic apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells accelerates atherosclerosis and promotes calcification and medial degeneration. Circ Res 2008; 102: 1529-1538
    • (2008) Circ Res , vol.102 , pp. 1529-1538
    • Clarke, M.C.1    Littlewood, T.D.2    Figg, N.3
  • 78
    • 84861188604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium balance in normal individuals and in patients with chronic kidney disease on low-And high-calcium diets
    • Spiegel DM, Brady K. Calcium balance in normal individuals and in patients with chronic kidney disease on low-And high-calcium diets. Kidney Int 2012; 81: 1116-1122
    • (2012) Kidney Int , vol.81 , pp. 1116-1122
    • Spiegel, D.M.1    Brady, K.2
  • 79
    • 84861899180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing the dialysate calcium concentration in bicarbonate haemodialysis
    • Bosticardo G, Malberti F, Basile C, et al. Optimizing the dialysate calcium concentration in bicarbonate haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27: 2489-2496
    • (2012) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.27 , pp. 2489-2496
    • Bosticardo, G.1    Malberti, F.2    Basile, C.3
  • 80
    • 77955174152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The KDIGO guideline for dialysate calcium will result in an increased incidence of calcium accumulation in hemodialysis patients
    • Gotch FA, Kotanko P, Thijssen S, et al. The KDIGO guideline for dialysate calcium will result in an increased incidence of calcium accumulation in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2010; 78: 343-350
    • (2010) Kidney Int , vol.78 , pp. 343-350
    • Gotch, F.A.1    Kotanko, P.2    Thijssen, S.3
  • 81
    • 83655201314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dialysate calcium concentrations on parathyroid hormone and calcium balance during a single dialysis session using bicarbonate hemodialysis: A crossover clinical trial
    • Basile C, Libutti P, Di Turo AL, et al. Effect of dialysate calcium concentrations on parathyroid hormone and calcium balance during a single dialysis session using bicarbonate hemodialysis: a crossover clinical trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2012; 59: 92-101
    • (2012) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.59 , pp. 92-101
    • Basile, C.1    Libutti, P.2    Di Turo, A.L.3
  • 82
    • 70349485182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro/Con debate: The calculation on calcium balance in dialysis lowers the dialysate calcium concentrations (pro part
    • Gotch FA. Pro/Con debate: the calculation on calcium balance in dialysis lowers the dialysate calcium concentrations (pro part). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24: 2994-2996
    • (2009) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.24 , pp. 2994-2996
    • Gotch, F.A.1
  • 83
    • 70349505871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium balance in haemodialysis-do not lower the dialysate calcium concentration too much (con part
    • Drueke TB, Touam M. Calcium balance in haemodialysis-do not lower the dialysate calcium concentration too much (con part). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24: 2990-2993
    • (2009) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.24 , pp. 2990-2993
    • Drueke, T.B.1    Touam, M.2
  • 84
    • 84872226395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ups and downs of dialysate calcium concentration in haemodialysis patients
    • Messa P. The ups and downs of dialysate calcium concentration in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28: 3-7
    • (2013) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.28 , pp. 3-7
    • Messa, P.1
  • 85
    • 79551508896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The KDIGO guideline on dialysate calcium and patient outcomes: Need for hard evidence
    • 478, author reply
    • Moe SM, Drueke TB. The KDIGO guideline on dialysate calcium and patient outcomes: need for hard evidence. Kidney Int 2011; 79: 478, author reply 478-479
    • (2011) Kidney Int , vol.79 , pp. 478-479
    • Moe, S.M.1    Drueke, T.B.2
  • 86
    • 0036310682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sevelamer attenuates the progression of coronary and aortic calcification in hemodialysis patients
    • Chertow GM, Burke SK, Raggi P. Sevelamer attenuates the progression of coronary and aortic calcification in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2002; 62: 245-252
    • (2002) Kidney Int , vol.62 , pp. 245-252
    • Chertow, G.M.1    Burke, S.K.2    Raggi, P.3
  • 87
    • 31644446801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of sevelamer and calcium on coronary artery calcification in patients new to hemodialysis
    • Block GA, Spiegel DM, Ehrlich J, et al. Effects of sevelamer and calcium on coronary artery calcification in patients new to hemodialysis. Kidney Int 2005; 68: 1815-1824
    • (2005) Kidney Int , vol.68 , pp. 1815-1824
    • Block, G.A.1    Spiegel, D.M.2    Ehrlich, J.3
  • 88
    • 33750000098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated vascular calcification and relative hypoparathyroidism in incident haemodialysis diabetic patients receiving calcium binders
    • Galassi A, Spiegel DM, Bellasi A, et al. Accelerated vascular calcification and relative hypoparathyroidism in incident haemodialysis diabetic patients receiving calcium binders. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21: 3215-3222
    • (2006) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.21 , pp. 3215-3222
    • Galassi, A.1    Spiegel, D.M.2    Bellasi, A.3
  • 89
    • 43849094954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 1-year randomized trial of calciumacetate versus sevelamer on progression of coronary artery calcification in hemodialysis patients with comparable lipid control: The CalciumAcetate Renagel Evaluation-2 (CARE-2) study
    • Qunibi W, Moustafa M, Muenz LR, et al. A 1-year randomized trial of calciumacetate versus sevelamer on progression of coronary artery calcification in hemodialysis patients with comparable lipid control: the CalciumAcetate Renagel Evaluation-2 (CARE-2) study. Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 51: 952-965
    • (2008) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.51 , pp. 952-965
    • Qunibi, W.1    Moustafa, M.2    Muenz, L.R.3
  • 90
    • 79951775260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sevelamer and calcium-based phosphate binders on coronary artery calcification and accumulation of circulating advanced glycation end products in hemodialysis patients
    • Kakuta T, Tanaka R, Hyodo Tet al. Effect of sevelamer and calcium-based phosphate binders on coronary artery calcification and accumulation of circulating advanced glycation end products in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2011; 57: 422-431
    • (2011) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.57 , pp. 422-431
    • Kakuta, T.1    Tanaka, R.2    Hyodo, T.3
  • 91
    • 79951996430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of aortic calcification with lanthanum carbonate versus calcium-based phosphate binders in haemodialysis: A pilot randomized controlled trial
    • Toussaint ND, Lau KK, Polkinghorne KR, et al. Attenuation of aortic calcification with lanthanum carbonate versus calcium-based phosphate binders in haemodialysis: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Nephrology (Carlton) 2011; 16: 290-298
    • (2011) Nephrology (Carlton , vol.16 , pp. 290-298
    • Toussaint, N.D.1    Lau, K.K.2    Polkinghorne, K.R.3
  • 92
    • 84882274488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lanthanum carbonate delays progression of coronary artery calcification compared with calcium-based phosphate binders in patients on hemodialysis: A pilot study
    • Ohtake T, Kobayashi S, Oka M, et al. Lanthanum carbonate delays progression of coronary artery calcification compared with calcium-based phosphate binders in patients on hemodialysis: a pilot study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2013; 18: 439-446
    • (2013) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther , vol.18 , pp. 439-446
    • Ohtake, T.1    Kobayashi, S.2    Oka, M.3
  • 93
    • 84901836633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of phosphorus-restricted diet and phosphate-binding therapy on outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease
    • Russo D, Bellasi A, Pota A, et al. Effects of phosphorus-restricted diet and phosphate-binding therapy on outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2015; 28: 73-80
    • (2015) J Nephrol , vol.28 , pp. 73-80
    • Russo, D.1    Bellasi, A.2    Pota, A.3
  • 94
    • 84864859705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of phosphate binders in moderate ckd
    • Block GA, Wheeler DC, Persky MS, et al. Effects of Phosphate Binders in Moderate CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23: 1407-1415
    • (2012) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.23 , pp. 1407-1415
    • Block, G.A.1    Wheeler, D.C.2    Persky, M.S.3
  • 95
    • 84887339745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of calcium-based versus non-calcium-based phosphate binders on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: An updated systematic review and meta-Analysis
    • Jamal SA, Vandermeer B, Raggi P, et al. Effect of calcium-based versus non-calcium-based phosphate binders on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: an updated systematic review and meta-Analysis. Lancet 2013; 382: 1268-1277
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.382 , pp. 1268-1277
    • Jamal, S.A.1    Vandermeer, B.2    Raggi, P.3
  • 96
    • 84879953710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholecalciferol in haemodialysis patients: A randomized, double-blind, proof-of-concept and safety study
    • Delanaye P, Weekers L, Warling X, et al. Cholecalciferol in haemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind, proof-of-concept and safety study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28: 1779-1786
    • (2013) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.28 , pp. 1779-1786
    • Delanaye, P.1    Weekers, L.2    Warling, X.3
  • 97
    • 79953903052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ADVANCE study: A randomized study to evaluate the effects of cinacalcet plus low-dose Vitamin D on vascular calcification in patients on hemodialysis
    • Raggi P, Chertow GM, Torres PU, et al. The ADVANCE study: a randomized study to evaluate the effects of cinacalcet plus low-dose vitamin D on vascular calcification in patients on hemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26: 1327-1339
    • (2011) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.26 , pp. 1327-1339
    • Raggi, P.1    Chertow, G.M.2    Torres, P.U.3
  • 98
    • 84872252018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocol adherence and the progression of cardiovascular calcification in the ADVANCE study
    • Urena-Torres PA, Floege J, Hawley CM, et al. Protocol adherence and the progression of cardiovascular calcification in the ADVANCE study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28: 146-152
    • (2013) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.28 , pp. 146-152
    • Urena-Torres, P.A.1    Floege, J.2    Hawley, C.M.3
  • 99
    • 64549111819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cinacalcet reduces vascular and soft tissue calcification in secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in hemodialysis patients
    • Aladren Regidor MJ. Cinacalcet reduces vascular and soft tissue calcification in secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol 2009; 71: 207-213
    • (2009) Clin Nephrol , vol.71 , pp. 207-213
    • Aladren Regidor, M.J.1
  • 100
    • 84855832865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Vitamin K2 supplementation on functional Vitamin K deficiency in hemodialysis patients: A randomized trial
    • Westenfeld R, Krueger T, Schlieper G, et al. Effect of vitamin K2 supplementation on functional vitamin K deficiency in hemodialysis patients: a randomized trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2012; 59: 186-195
    • (2012) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.59 , pp. 186-195
    • Westenfeld, R.1    Krueger, T.2    Schlieper, G.3
  • 101
    • 84907402723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin K1 to slow vascular calcification in haemodialysis patients (VitaVasK trial): A rationale and study protocol
    • Krueger T, Schlieper G, Schurgers L, et al. Vitamin K1 to slow vascular calcification in haemodialysis patients (VitaVasK trial): a rationale and study protocol. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29: 1633-1638
    • (2014) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.29 , pp. 1633-1638
    • Krueger, T.1    Schlieper, G.2    Schurgers, L.3
  • 102
    • 84892158566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin K antagonists: Beyond bleeding
    • Kruger T, Floege J. Vitamin K antagonists: beyond bleeding. Semin Dial 2014; 27: 37-41
    • (2014) Semin Dial , vol.27 , pp. 37-41
    • Kruger, T.1    Floege, J.2
  • 103
    • 70350525268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-Term effects of magnesium carbonate on coronary artery calcification and bone mineral density in hemodialysis patients: A pilot study
    • Spiegel DM, Farmer B. Long-Term effects of magnesium carbonate on coronary artery calcification and bone mineral density in hemodialysis patients: a pilot study. Hemodial Int 2009; 13: 453-459
    • (2009) Hemodial Int , vol.13 , pp. 453-459
    • Spiegel, D.M.1    Farmer, B.2
  • 104
    • 78651407680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of sodiumthiosulfate on vascular calcification in end-stage renal disease: A pilot study of feasibility, safety and efficacy
    • Mathews SJ, de Las Fuentes L, Podaralla P, et al. Effects of sodiumthiosulfate on vascular calcification in end-stage renal disease: a pilot study of feasibility, safety and efficacy. Am J Nephrol 2011; 33: 131-138
    • (2011) Am J Nephrol , vol.33 , pp. 131-138
    • Mathews, S.J.1    De Las Fuentes, L.2    Podaralla, P.3
  • 105
    • 77953687445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of alendronate on vascular calcification in CKD stages 3 and 4: A pilot randomized controlled trial
    • Toussaint ND, Lau KK, Strauss BJ, et al. Effect of alendronate on vascular calcification in CKD stages 3 and 4: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2010; 56: 57-68
    • (2010) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.56 , pp. 57-68
    • Toussaint, N.D.1    Lau, K.K.2    Strauss, B.J.3
  • 106
    • 4544273367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of vascular calcification in dialysis and transplant patients
    • Moe SM, O'Neill KD, Reslerova M, et al. Natural history of vascular calcification in dialysis and transplant patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19: 2387-2393
    • (2004) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.19 , pp. 2387-2393
    • Moe, S.M.1    O'Neill, K.D.2    Reslerova, M.3
  • 107
    • 84855845267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of coronary artery calcification and thoracic aorta calcification in kidney transplant recipients
    • Marechal C, Coche E, Goffin E, et al. Progression of coronary artery calcification and thoracic aorta calcification in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Kidney Dis 2012; 59: 258-269
    • (2012) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.59 , pp. 258-269
    • Marechal, C.1    Coche, E.2    Goffin, E.3
  • 108
    • 70349335695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium thiosulfate in the treatment of calcific uremic arteriolopathy
    • Schlieper G, Brandenburg V, Ketteler M, et al. Sodium thiosulfate in the treatment of calcific uremic arteriolopathy. Nat Rev Nephrol 2009; 5: 539-543
    • (2009) Nat Rev Nephrol , vol.5 , pp. 539-543
    • Schlieper, G.1    Brandenburg, V.2    Ketteler, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.