메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 42, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 293-309

Antiseptics for treating infected wounds: Efficacy on biofilms and effect of pH

Author keywords

Antiseptics; biofilms; iodine; pH; silver

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE; CADEXOMER IODINE; CHLORHEXIDINE; EDETIC ACID; IODINE; IODOPHOR; OCTENIDINE; POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE); POVIDONE IODINE; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM DERIVATIVE; SILVER; TOPICAL ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 84959306040     PISSN: 1040841X     EISSN: 15497828     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/1040841X.2014.940495     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (72)

References (246)
  • 1
    • 0032914892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of hydrocarbon chain length, pH and temperature on the binding and bactericidal effect of amphiphilic betaine esters on Salmonella typhimurium
    • Ahlstrom B, Thompson RA, Edebo L. (1999). The effect of hydrocarbon chain length, pH and temperature on the binding and bactericidal effect of amphiphilic betaine esters on Salmonella typhimurium. APMIS 107:318-24.
    • (1999) APMIS , vol.107 , pp. 318-324
    • Ahlstrom, B.1    Thompson, R.A.2    Edebo, L.3
  • 2
    • 3843131647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of cadexomer iodine against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in vivo and in vitro using confocal laser scanning microscopy
    • Akiyama H, Oono T, Saito M, Iwatsuki K. (2004). Assessment of cadexomer iodine against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in vivo and in vitro using confocal laser scanning microscopy. J Dermatol 31: 529-34.
    • (2004) J Dermatol , vol.31 , pp. 529-534
    • Akiyama, H.1    Oono, T.2    Saito, M.3    Iwatsuki, K.4
  • 3
    • 66849134951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The assessment of the antibacterial and antifungal activities of aspirin, EDTA and aspirin-EDTA combination and their effectiveness as antibiofilm agents
    • Al-Bakri AG, Othman G, Bustanji Y. (2009). The assessment of the antibacterial and antifungal activities of aspirin, EDTA and aspirin-EDTA combination and their effectiveness as antibiofilm agents. J Appl Microbiol 107:280-6.
    • (2009) J Appl Microbiol , vol.107 , pp. 280-286
    • Al-Bakri, A.G.1    Othman, G.2    Bustanji, Y.3
  • 4
    • 67149084324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of octenidine hydrochloride on planktonic cells and biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes
    • Amalaradjou MAR, Norris CE, Kumar V. (2009). Effect of octenidine hydrochloride on planktonic cells and biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Environ Microbioly 75:4089-92.
    • (2009) Appl Environ Microbioly , vol.75 , pp. 4089-4092
    • Amalaradjou, M.A.R.1    Norris, C.E.2    Kumar, V.3
  • 5
    • 0024590389 scopus 로고
    • Reconstitution of periplasmic transport in inside-out membrane vesicles. Energization by ATP
    • Ames GF, Nikaido K, Groarke J, Petithory J. (1989). Reconstitution of periplasmic transport in inside-out membrane vesicles. Energization by ATP. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264:3998-4002.
    • (1989) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.264 , pp. 3998-4002
    • Ames, G.F.1    Nikaido, K.2    Groarke, J.3    Petithory, J.4
  • 6
    • 79955758242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-biofilm efficacy of a lactoferrin/xylitol wound hydrogel used in combination with silver wound dressings
    • Ammons MCB, Ward LS, James GA. (2011). Anti-biofilm efficacy of a lactoferrin/xylitol wound hydrogel used in combination with silver wound dressings. International Wound Journal 8:268-73.
    • (2011) International Wound Journal , vol.8 , pp. 268-273
    • Ammons, M.C.B.1    Ward, L.S.2    James, G.A.3
  • 7
    • 0029990708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cavity foot ulcers in diabetic patients: A comparative study of cadexomer iodine ointment and standard treatment. An economic analysis alongside a clinical trial
    • Apelqvist J, Ragnarson Tennvall G. (1996) Cavity foot ulcers in diabetic patients: a comparative study of cadexomer iodine ointment and standard treatment. An economic analysis alongside a clinical trial. Acta Derm Venereol 76:231-5.
    • (1996) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.76 , pp. 231-235
    • Apelqvist, J.1    Ragnarson Tennvall, G.2
  • 8
    • 84868208886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which medical device and/or which local treatment are to be used, as of 2012, in patients with infected pressure sore? Developing French guidelines for clinical practice
    • Arzt H, Fromantin I, Ribinik P, et al. (2012). Which medical device and/or which local treatment are to be used, as of 2012, in patients with infected pressure sore? Developing French guidelines for clinical practice. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 55:498-507.
    • (2012) Ann Phys Rehabil Med , vol.55 , pp. 498-507
    • Arzt, H.1    Fromantin, I.2    Ribinik, P.3
  • 9
    • 0029045997 scopus 로고
    • An in vitro study on the cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine digluconate to human gingival cells
    • Babich H, Wurzburger BJ, Rubin YL, et al. (1995). An in vitro study on the cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine digluconate to human gingival cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 11:79-88.
    • (1995) Cell Biol Toxicol , vol.11 , pp. 79-88
    • Babich, H.1    Wurzburger, B.J.2    Rubin, Y.L.3
  • 10
    • 77249156886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of environmental conditions (pH, ionic strength, and electrolyte type) on the surface charge and aggregation of silver nanoparticles suspensions
    • Badawy EI, Luxton AM, Silva TP, et al. (2010). Impact of environmental conditions (pH, ionic strength, and electrolyte type) on the surface charge and aggregation of silver nanoparticles suspensions. Environ Sci Technol 44:260-6.
    • (2010) Environ Sci Technol , vol.44 , pp. 260-266
    • Badawy, E.I.1    Luxton, A.M.2    Silva, T.P.3
  • 11
    • 0021674609 scopus 로고
    • Bispyridinamines: A new class of topical antimicrobial agents as inhibitors of dental plaque
    • Bailey DM, De Grazia SJ, Hoff PL, et al. (1984). Bispyridinamines: a new class of topical antimicrobial agents as inhibitors of dental plaque. J Med Chem 27:1457-64.
    • (1984) J Med Chem , vol.27 , pp. 1457-1464
    • Bailey, D.M.1    De Grazia, S.J.2    Hoff, P.L.3
  • 12
    • 0036211159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dilute povidone-iodine solutions inhibit human skin fibroblast growth
    • Balin AK, Pratt L. (2002). Dilute povidone-iodine solutions inhibit human skin fibroblast growth. Dermatol Surg 28:210-14.
    • (2002) Dermatol Surg , vol.28 , pp. 210-214
    • Balin, A.K.1    Pratt, L.2
  • 13
    • 0018831916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iodine resorption and excretion in Betaisodona® (Betadine®) treatment of extensive burns
    • Balogh DM, Bauer JM, Anderl HH. (2004). Iodine resorption and excretion in Betaisodona® (Betadine®) treatment of extensive burns. Eur J Plastic Surg 5:127-34.
    • (2004) Eur J Plastic Surg , vol.5 , pp. 127-134
    • Balogh, D.M.1    Bauer, J.M.2    Anderl, H.H.3
  • 14
    • 33644933286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chelator-induced dispersal and killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells in a biofilm
    • Banin E, Brady KM, Greenberg EP. (2006). Chelator-induced dispersal and killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells in a biofilm. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:2064-9.
    • (2006) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.72 , pp. 2064-2069
    • Banin, E.1    Brady, K.M.2    Greenberg, E.P.3
  • 15
    • 84884548389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, characterization, and efficacy of antimicrobial chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate nanoparticles for applications in biomedical materials and consumer products
    • Barbour ME, Maddocks SE, Wood NJ, Collins AM. (2013). Synthesis, characterization, and efficacy of antimicrobial chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate nanoparticles for applications in biomedical materials and consumer products. Int J Nanomedicine 8:3507-19.
    • (2013) Int J Nanomedicine , vol.8 , pp. 3507-3519
    • Barbour, M.E.1    Maddocks, S.E.2    Wood, N.J.3    Collins, A.M.4
  • 16
    • 24944485168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorhexidine gluconate
    • Basrani B, Lemonie C. (2005). Chlorhexidine gluconate. Aust Endod J 31:48-52.
    • (2005) Aust Endod J , vol.31 , pp. 48-52
    • Basrani, B.1    Lemonie, C.2
  • 17
    • 0242607594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of chlorhexidine- and calcium hydroxide-containing medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis in vitro
    • Basrani B, Tjaderhane L, Santos JM, et al. (2003). Efficacy of chlorhexidine- and calcium hydroxide-containing medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 96:618-24.
    • (2003) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod , vol.96 , pp. 618-624
    • Basrani, B.1    Tjaderhane, L.2    Santos, J.M.3
  • 18
    • 0027941042 scopus 로고
    • Immunologic reactions in chronic wounds
    • Baxter CR. (1994). Immunologic reactions in chronic wounds. Am J Surg 167:S12-14.
    • (1994) Am J Surg , vol.167 , pp. S12-S14
    • Baxter, C.R.1
  • 22
    • 0022377563 scopus 로고
    • The effect of antiseptics on the healing wound: A study using the rabbit ear chamber
    • Brennan SS, Leaper DJ. (1985). The effect of antiseptics on the healing wound: a study using the rabbit ear chamber. Br J Surg 72:780-2.
    • (1985) Br J Surg , vol.72 , pp. 780-782
    • Brennan, S.S.1    Leaper, D.J.2
  • 23
    • 0023075174 scopus 로고
    • Role of encapsulated anaerobic bacteria in synergistic infections
    • Brook I. (1985). Role of encapsulated anaerobic bacteria in synergistic infections. Crit Rev Microbiol 14:171-93.
    • (1985) Crit Rev Microbiol , vol.14 , pp. 171-193
    • Brook, I.1
  • 24
    • 0028835846 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between glycocalyx and povidone-iodine resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) biofilms
    • Brown ML, Aldrich HC, Gauthier JJ. (1995). Relationship between glycocalyx and povidone-iodine resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:187-93.
    • (1995) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.61 , pp. 187-193
    • Brown, M.L.1    Aldrich, H.C.2    Gauthier, J.J.3
  • 25
    • 0031882227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Povidone iodine solution in wound treatment
    • Burks RI. (1998). Povidone iodine solution in wound treatment. Phys Ther 78:212-18.
    • (1998) Phys Ther , vol.78 , pp. 212-218
    • Burks, R.I.1
  • 26
    • 84865341492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PHMB: An effective antimicrobial in wound bioburden management
    • S18-21
    • Butcher M. (2012). PHMB: an effective antimicrobial in wound bioburden management. Br J Nurs 21:S16, S18-21.
    • (2012) Br J Nurs , vol.21 , pp. S16
    • Butcher, M.1
  • 27
    • 34249726648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro comparison of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine on the long-term proliferation and functional activity of human alveolar bone cells
    • Cabral CT, Fernandes MH. (2007). In vitro comparison of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine on the long-term proliferation and functional activity of human alveolar bone cells. Clin Oral Investig 11:155-64.
    • (2007) Clin Oral Investig , vol.11 , pp. 155-164
    • Cabral, C.T.1    Fernandes, M.H.2
  • 28
    • 84883337420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a non-adherent, povidone-iodine dressing in a case series of chronic wounds
    • Campbell N, Campbell D. (2013). Evaluation of a non-adherent, povidone-iodine dressing in a case series of chronic wounds. J Wound Care 22:404-6.
    • (2013) J Wound Care , vol.22 , pp. 404-406
    • Campbell, N.1    Campbell, D.2
  • 29
    • 34547097494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of silver-containing antimicrobial dressings and drugs
    • Castellano JJ, Shafil SM, Ko F, et al. (2007). Comparative evaluation of silver-containing antimicrobial dressings and drugs. Int Wound J 4: 114-22.
    • (2007) Int Wound J , vol.4 , pp. 114-122
    • Castellano, J.J.1    Shafil, S.M.2    Ko, F.3
  • 30
    • 80054902952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low concentration of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) affects biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes by inhibiting its initial adherence
    • Chang Y, Gu W, McLandsborough L. (2012). Low concentration of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) affects biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes by inhibiting its initial adherence. Food Microbiol 29:10-17.
    • (2012) Food Microbiol , vol.29 , pp. 10-17
    • Chang, Y.1    Gu, W.2    McLandsborough, L.3
  • 32
    • 28844472445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of silver ions in destabilization of intermolecular adhesion forces measured by atomic force microscopy in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms
    • Chaw KC, Manimaran M, Tay FE. (2005). Role of silver ions in destabilization of intermolecular adhesion forces measured by atomic force microscopy in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:4853-9.
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 4853-4859
    • Chaw, K.C.1    Manimaran, M.2    Tay, F.E.3
  • 33
    • 37049000154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanosilver: A nanoproduct in medical application
    • Chen X, Schluesener HJ. (2008). Nanosilver: A nanoproduct in medical application. Toxicol Lett 176:1-12.
    • (2008) Toxicol Lett , vol.176 , pp. 1-12
    • Chen, X.1    Schluesener, H.J.2
  • 34
    • 34250015067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The increasing use of silver-based products as antimicrobial agents: A useful development or a cause for concern?
    • Chopra I. (2007). The increasing use of silver-based products as antimicrobial agents: a useful development or a cause for concern? J Antimicrob Chemother 59:587-90.
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.59 , pp. 587-590
    • Chopra, I.1
  • 35
    • 33646051548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of exposure to irrigant solutions on apical dentin biofilms in vitro
    • Clegg MS, Vertucci FJ, Walker C, et al. (2006). The effect of exposure to irrigant solutions on apical dentin biofilms in vitro. J Endod 32:434-7.
    • (2006) J Endod , vol.32 , pp. 434-437
    • Clegg, M.S.1    Vertucci, F.J.2    Walker, C.3
  • 36
    • 0026080129 scopus 로고
    • Chlorhexidine resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or just an elevated MIC? An in vitro and in vivo assessment
    • Cookson BD, Bolton MC, Platt JH. (1991). Chlorhexidine resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or just an elevated MIC? An in vitro and in vivo assessment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35: 1997-2002.
    • (1991) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.35 , pp. 1997-2002
    • Cookson, B.D.1    Bolton, M.C.2    Platt, J.H.3
  • 37
    • 34547126431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iodine revisited
    • Cooper RA. (2007). Iodine revisited. Int Wound J 4:124-37.
    • (2007) Int Wound J , vol.4 , pp. 124-137
    • Cooper, R.A.1
  • 38
    • 0033591467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial biofilms: A common cause of persistent infections
    • Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP. (1999). Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science 284:1318-22.
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 1318-1322
    • Costerton, J.W.1    Stewart, P.S.2    Greenberg, E.P.3
  • 39
    • 0000992437 scopus 로고
    • Criteria to identify wound infection
    • Cutting KF, Harding KG. (1994). Criteria to identify wound infection. J Wound Care 3:198-201.
    • (1994) J Wound Care , vol.3 , pp. 198-201
    • Cutting, K.F.1    Harding, K.G.2
  • 41
    • 0031112589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cadexomer iodine in ulcers colonised by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Danielsen L, Cherry GW, Harding K, Rollman O. (1997). Cadexomer iodine in ulcers colonised by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Wound Care 6:169-72.
    • (1997) J Wound Care , vol.6 , pp. 169-172
    • Danielsen, L.1    Cherry, G.W.2    Harding, K.3    Rollman, O.4
  • 42
    • 33745240102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality control in chronic wound management: The role of local povidone-iodine (Betadine) therapy
    • Daróczy J. (2006). Quality control in chronic wound management: the role of local povidone-iodine (Betadine) therapy. Dermatol 212:82-7.
    • (2006) Dermatol , vol.212 , pp. 82-87
    • Daróczy, J.1
  • 43
    • 33747709502 scopus 로고
    • 1:6-di-40-chlorophenyldiguanidohexane ("Hibitane"). Laboratory investigation of a new antibacterial agent of high potency
    • Davies GE, Francis J, Martin AR, et al. (1954). 1:6-di-40-chlorophenyldiguanidohexane ("Hibitane"). Laboratory investigation of a new antibacterial agent of high potency. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 9: 192-6.
    • (1954) Br J Pharmacol Chemother , vol.9 , pp. 192-196
    • Davies, G.E.1    Francis, J.2    Martin, A.R.3
  • 44
    • 17644391764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of silver- and antibiotic-resistant Enterobacter cloacae from teeth
    • Davis IJ, Richards H, Mullany P. (2005). Isolation of silver- and antibiotic-resistant Enterobacter cloacae from teeth. Oral Microbiol Immunol 20:191-4.
    • (2005) Oral Microbiol Immunol , vol.20 , pp. 191-194
    • Davis, I.J.1    Richards, H.2    Mullany, P.3
  • 45
    • 38349090456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microscopic and physiologic evidence for biofilm-associated wound colonization in vivo
    • Davis SC, Ricotti C, Cazzaniga A, et al. (2008). Microscopic and physiologic evidence for biofilm-associated wound colonization in vivo. Wound Rep Regen 16:23-9.
    • (2008) Wound Rep Regen , vol.16 , pp. 23-29
    • Davis, S.C.1    Ricotti, C.2    Cazzaniga, A.3
  • 46
    • 0032979565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of benzalkonium chloride on growth and survival of chang conjunctival cells invest. Ophthalmol
    • De Saint Jean M, Brignole F, Bringuier A, et al. (1999). Effects of benzalkonium chloride on growth and survival of chang conjunctival cells invest. Ophthalmol. Vis Sci 40:619-30.
    • (1999) Vis Sci , vol.40 , pp. 619-630
    • De Saint Jean, M.1    Brignole, F.2    Bringuier, A.3
  • 47
    • 0003078518 scopus 로고
    • Chlorhexidine
    • Block SS, ed. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger
    • Denton GW. (1991). Chlorhexidine. In: Block SS, ed. Disinfection, Sterilization and preservation. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 274-89.
    • (1991) Disinfection, Sterilization and Preservation , pp. 274-289
    • Denton, G.W.1
  • 48
    • 0032052463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of disinfectants. Int. Biodeterior
    • Denyer SP, Stewart GSAB. (1998). Mechanisms of action of disinfectants. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad 41:261-8.
    • (1998) Biodegrad , vol.41 , pp. 261-268
    • Denyer, S.P.1    Stewart, G.S.A.B.2
  • 49
    • 36549047068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of biofilms associated with dentures and toothbrushes by tetrasodium EDTA
    • Devine DA, Percival RS, Wood DJ, et al. (2007). Inhibition of biofilms associated with dentures and toothbrushes by tetrasodium EDTA. J Appl Microbiol 103:2516-24.
    • (2007) J Appl Microbiol , vol.103 , pp. 2516-2524
    • Devine, D.A.1    Percival, R.S.2    Wood, D.J.3
  • 50
    • 85025529077 scopus 로고
    • A new class of disinfectants
    • Domagk G. (1935). A new class of disinfectants. Deut Med Wochschr 61:829-32.
    • (1935) Deut Med Wochschr , vol.61 , pp. 829-832
    • Domagk, G.1
  • 51
    • 84896838324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofilm-based infections in long-term care facilities
    • Donelli G, Claudia V. (2014). Biofilm-based infections in long-term care facilities. Future Microbiol 9:175-88.
    • (2014) Future Microbiol , vol.9 , pp. 175-188
    • Donelli, G.1    Claudia, V.2
  • 52
    • 53749097505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymicrobial nature of chronic diabetic foot ulcer biofilm infections determined using bacterial tag encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP)
    • Dowd SE, Wolcott RD, Sun Y, et al. (2008). Polymicrobial nature of chronic diabetic foot ulcer biofilm infections determined using bacterial tag encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP). PLoS One 3:e3326.
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3 , pp. e3326
    • Dowd, S.E.1    Wolcott, R.D.2    Sun, Y.3
  • 53
    • 0035114073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moist wound healing with occlusive dressings: A clinical focus
    • Eaglstein WH. (2008). Moist wound healing with occlusive dressings: a clinical focus. Dermatol Surg 27:175-82.
    • (2008) Dermatol Surg , vol.27 , pp. 175-182
    • Eaglstein, W.H.1
  • 54
    • 0022735287 scopus 로고
    • A review of the literature on use of chlorhexidine in dentistry
    • Fardal O, Turnbull RS. (1986). A review of the literature on use of chlorhexidine in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 112:863-9.
    • (1986) J Am Dent Assoc , vol.112 , pp. 863-869
    • Fardal, O.1    Turnbull, R.S.2
  • 55
    • 0036480043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of intracanal irrigants and medications against the yeast Candida albicans
    • Ferguson JW, Hatton JF, Gillespie MJ. (2002). Effectiveness of intracanal irrigants and medications against the yeast Candida albicans. J Endod 28:68-71.
    • (2002) J Endod , vol.28 , pp. 68-71
    • Ferguson, J.W.1    Hatton, J.F.2    Gillespie, M.J.3
  • 56
    • 0015537184 scopus 로고
    • Some toxicological observations on chlorhexidine
    • Foulkes DM. (1973). Some toxicological observations on chlorhexidine. J Periodontal Res Suppl 12:55-60.
    • (1973) J Periodontal Res Suppl , vol.12 , pp. 55-60
    • Foulkes, D.M.1
  • 57
    • 0036092834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The beneficial toxicity paradox of antimicrobials in leg ulcer healing impaired by a polymicrobial flora: A proof-of-concept study
    • Fumal I, Braham C, Pacquet P, et al. (2002). The beneficial toxicity paradox of antimicrobials in leg ulcer healing impaired by a polymicrobial flora: a proof-of-concept study. Dermatol 204:70-4.
    • (2002) Dermatol , vol.204 , pp. 70-74
    • Fumal, I.1    Braham, C.2    Pacquet, P.3
  • 58
    • 84875830575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiseptic cyclodextrin-functionalized hydrogels and gauzes for loading and delivery of benzalkonium chloride
    • Garcia-Fernandez MJ, Brackman G, Coenye T, et al. (2013). Antiseptic cyclodextrin-functionalized hydrogels and gauzes for loading and delivery of benzalkonium chloride. Biofouling 29:261-71.
    • (2013) Biofouling , vol.29 , pp. 261-271
    • Garcia-Fernandez, M.J.1    Brackman, G.2    Coenye, T.3
  • 59
    • 84927666918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in Surface pH of chronic wounds when a honey dressing was used
    • 2006 Nov 13-15; Wounds, Aberdeen, UK
    • Gethin G, Cowman S. (2006). Changes in Surface pH of chronic wounds when a honey dressing was used. Wounds UK Conference Proceedings; 2006 Nov 13-15; Wounds, Aberdeen, UK.
    • (2006) Wounds UK Conference Proceedings
    • Gethin, G.1    Cowman, S.2
  • 60
    • 38549140673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of chlorhexidine digluconate on different cell types: A molecular and ultrastructural investigation
    • Giannelli M, Chellini F, Margheri M, et al. (2008). Effect of chlorhexidine digluconate on different cell types: a molecular and ultrastructural investigation. Toxicol In vitro 22:308-17.
    • (2008) Toxicol in Vitro , vol.22 , pp. 308-317
    • Giannelli, M.1    Chellini, F.2    Margheri, M.3
  • 61
    • 84885407523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-culture with listeria monocytogenes within a dual-species biofilm community strongly increases resistance of Pseudomonas putida to benzalkonium chloride
    • Giaouris E, Chorianopoulos N, Doulgeraki A, Nychas GJ. (2013). Co-culture with listeria monocytogenes within a dual-species biofilm community strongly increases resistance of Pseudomonas putida to benzalkonium chloride. PloS One 8:772-6.
    • (2013) PloS One , vol.8 , pp. 772-776
    • Giaouris, E.1    Chorianopoulos, N.2    Doulgeraki, A.3    Nychas, G.J.4
  • 62
    • 0024991947 scopus 로고
    • Influence of growth rate on susceptibility to antimicrobial agents: Biofilms, cell cycle, dormancy, and stringent response
    • Gilbert P, Collier PJ, Brown, MR. (1990). Influence of growth rate on susceptibility to antimicrobial agents: biofilms, cell cycle, dormancy, and stringent response. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34: 1865-8.
    • (1990) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.34 , pp. 1865-1868
    • Gilbert, P.1    Collier, P.J.2    Brown, M.R.3
  • 63
    • 0031107625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofilm susceptibility to antimicrobials
    • Gilbert P, Das J, Foley I. (1997). Biofilm susceptibility to antimicrobials. Adv Dent Res 11:160-7.
    • (1997) Adv Dent Res , vol.11 , pp. 160-167
    • Gilbert, P.1    Das, J.2    Foley, I.3
  • 64
    • 0034914594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of resistance towards biocides following the attachment of micro-organisms to, and growth on, surfaces
    • Gilbert P, Das JR, Jones MV, Allison DG. (2001). Assessment of resistance towards biocides following the attachment of micro-organisms to, and growth on, surfaces. J Appl Microbiol 91: 248-54.
    • (2001) J Appl Microbiol , vol.91 , pp. 248-254
    • Gilbert, P.1    Das, J.R.2    Jones, M.V.3    Allison, D.G.4
  • 65
    • 0025146962 scopus 로고
    • Synergism within polyhexamethylene biguanide biocide formulations
    • Gilbert P, Pemberton D, Wilkinson DE. (1990). Synergism within polyhexamethylene biguanide biocide formulations. J Appl Bacteriol 69:593-8.
    • (1990) J Appl Bacteriol , vol.69 , pp. 593-598
    • Gilbert, P.1    Pemberton, D.2    Wilkinson, D.E.3
  • 66
    • 33748901129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple bacterial species reside in chronic wounds: A longitudinal study
    • Gjødsbøl K, Christensen JJ, Karlsmark T, et al. (2006). Multiple bacterial species reside in chronic wounds: a longitudinal study. Int Wound J 3:225-31.
    • (2006) Int Wound J , vol.3 , pp. 225-231
    • Gjødsbøl, K.1    Christensen, J.J.2    Karlsmark, T.3
  • 68
    • 0027376844 scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in UK hospitals and the relevance of povidone-iodine in their control
    • Gordon J. (1993). Clinical significance of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in UK hospitals and the relevance of povidone-iodine in their control. Postgrad Med J 69: 106-16.
    • (1993) Postgrad Med J , vol.69 , pp. 106-116
    • Gordon, J.1
  • 69
    • 0001187590 scopus 로고
    • Chapter 8: Iodine and iodine compounds
    • Block SS, ed. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger
    • Gottardi W. (1983). Chapter 8: iodine and iodine compounds. In: Block SS, ed. Disinfection, sterilization and preservation. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 183-96.
    • (1983) Disinfection, Sterilization and Preservation , pp. 183-196
    • Gottardi, W.1
  • 70
    • 0021993121 scopus 로고
    • The influence of the chemical behaviour of iodine on the germicidal action of disinfectant solutions containing iodine
    • Gottardi W. (1985). The influence of the chemical behaviour of iodine on the germicidal action of disinfectant solutions containing iodine. J Hosp Infect 6:1-11.
    • (1985) J Hosp Infect , vol.6 , pp. 1-11
    • Gottardi, W.1
  • 71
    • 0021928089 scopus 로고
    • Repair of anterior gingival deformity with durapatite. A case report
    • Greenstein G, Jaffin RA, Hilsen KL, Berman CL. (1985). Repair of anterior gingival deformity with durapatite. A case report. J Periodontol 56:200-3.
    • (1985) J Periodontol , vol.56 , pp. 200-203
    • Greenstein, G.1    Jaffin, R.A.2    Hilsen, K.L.3    Berman, C.L.4
  • 72
    • 0021238581 scopus 로고
    • Plasmid-determined silver resistance in Pseudomonas stutzeri isolated from a silver mine
    • Haefeli C, Franklin C, Hardy K. (1984). Plasmid-determined silver resistance in Pseudomonas stutzeri isolated from a silver mine. J Bacteriol 158:389-92.
    • (1984) J Bacteriol , vol.158 , pp. 389-392
    • Haefeli, C.1    Franklin, C.2    Hardy, K.3
  • 73
    • 0014267142 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of the bacteriostatic action of tetrachlorosalicylanilide: A membrane-active antibacterial compound
    • Hamilton WA. (1968). The mechanism of the bacteriostatic action of tetrachlorosalicylanilide: a membrane-active antibacterial compound. J Gen Microbiol 50:441-58.
    • (1968) J Gen Microbiol , vol.50 , pp. 441-458
    • Hamilton, W.A.1
  • 74
    • 52649119866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malodorous fungating wounds: How dressings alleviate symptoms
    • Hampton S. (2008). Malodorous fungating wounds: how dressings alleviate symptoms. Br J Community Nurs 13:S31-8.
    • (2008) Br J Community Nurs , vol.13 , pp. S31-S38
    • Hampton, S.1
  • 75
    • 0024910356 scopus 로고
    • Management of partial skin thickness burn wounds with inadine dressings
    • Han KH, Maitra AK. (1989). Management of partial skin thickness burn wounds with inadine dressings. Burns 15:399-402.
    • (1989) Burns , vol.15 , pp. 399-402
    • Han, K.H.1    Maitra, A.K.2
  • 76
    • 7144262388 scopus 로고
    • The effects of cadexomer iodine paste in the treatment of venous leg ulcers compared with hydrocolloid dressing and paraffin gauze dressing
    • Hansson C. (1988). The effects of cadexomer iodine paste in the treatment of venous leg ulcers compared with hydrocolloid dressing and paraffin gauze dressing. Int J Dermatol 37:390-6.
    • (1988) Int J Dermatol , vol.37 , pp. 390-396
    • Hansson, C.1
  • 77
    • 0002171698 scopus 로고
    • Antiseptics and disinfectants
    • Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Rall TW, Murad F, eds. 7th ed. New York: MacMillan Publishing
    • Harvey SC. (1985). Antiseptics and disinfectants. In: Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Rall TW, Murad F, eds. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 7th ed. New York: MacMillan Publishing, 974-7.
    • (1985) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , pp. 974-977
    • Harvey, S.C.1
  • 78
    • 0025260815 scopus 로고
    • Antisepsis of mucous membranes: Current status and aspects of future development
    • Heeg P. (1990). Antisepsis of mucous membranes: current status and aspects of future development. Z Gesamte Hyg 36:83-6.
    • (1990) Z Gesamte Hyg , vol.36 , pp. 83-86
    • Heeg, P.1
  • 79
    • 77953484769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An in vitro model of chronic wound biofilms to test wound dressings and assess antimicrobial susceptibilities
    • Hill KE, Malic S, McKee R, et al. (2010). An in vitro model of chronic wound biofilms to test wound dressings and assess antimicrobial susceptibilities. J Antimicrob Chemother 65:1195-206.
    • (2010) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.65 , pp. 1195-1206
    • Hill, K.E.1    Malic, S.2    McKee, R.3
  • 80
    • 0034965058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial effects of corn zein films impregnated with nisin, lauric acid, and EDTA
    • Hoffman KL, Han IY, Dawson PL. (2001). Antimicrobial effects of corn zein films impregnated with nisin, lauric acid, and EDTA. J Food Prot 64:885-9.
    • (2001) J Food Prot , vol.64 , pp. 885-889
    • Hoffman, K.L.1    Han, I.Y.2    Dawson, P.L.3
  • 82
    • 36348967147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of chlorhexidine and benzalkonium chloride on bacterial biofilm formation
    • Houari A, Di Martino P. (2007). Effect of chlorhexidine and benzalkonium chloride on bacterial biofilm formation. Lett Appl Microbiol 45:652-6.
    • (2007) Lett Appl Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 652-656
    • Houari, A.1    Di Martino, P.2
  • 83
    • 14744301393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the microbiology, antibiotic usage and resistance in chronic skin wounds
    • Howell-Jones RS, Wilson MJ, Hill KE, et al. (2005). A review of the microbiology, antibiotic usage and resistance in chronic skin wounds. J Antimicrob Chemother 55:143-9.
    • (2005) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 143-149
    • Howell-Jones, R.S.1    Wilson, M.J.2    Hill, K.E.3
  • 84
    • 77956524046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of chlorhexidine, polihexanide and tissue-tolerable plasma against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown on polystyrene and silicone materials
    • Hübner NO, Matthes R, Koban I, et al. (2010). Efficacy of chlorhexidine, polihexanide and tissue-tolerable plasma against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown on polystyrene and silicone materials. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 23:28-34.
    • (2010) Skin Pharmacol Physiol , vol.23 , pp. 28-34
    • Hübner, N.O.1    Matthes, R.2    Koban, I.3
  • 85
    • 0025779201 scopus 로고
    • A brief history of heat and chemical preservation and disinfection
    • Hugo WB. (1991). A brief history of heat and chemical preservation and disinfection. J Appl Bacteriol 71:9-18.
    • (1991) J Appl Bacteriol , vol.71 , pp. 9-18
    • Hugo, W.B.1
  • 86
    • 0021759970 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of a polymeric biguanide biocide with phospholipids membranes
    • Ikeda T, Ledwith A, Bamford CH, Hann RA. (1984). Interaction of a polymeric biguanide biocide with phospholipids membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 769:57-66.
    • (1984) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.769 , pp. 57-66
    • Ikeda, T.1    Ledwith, A.2    Bamford, C.H.3    Hann, R.A.4
  • 87
    • 33845994428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action of disinfectant quaternary ammonium compounds against Staphylococcus aureus
    • Ioannou CJ, Hanlon GW, Denyer SP. (2007). Action of disinfectant quaternary ammonium compounds against Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:296-306.
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 296-306
    • Ioannou, C.J.1    Hanlon, G.W.2    Denyer, S.P.3
  • 89
    • 0014557046 scopus 로고
    • Silver nitrate resistant E. Coli: Report of case
    • Jelenko 3rd C. (1969). Silver nitrate resistant E. Coli: report of case. Ann Surg 170:296-9.
    • (1969) Ann Surg , vol.170 , pp. 296-299
    • Jelenko, C.1
  • 90
    • 57449098646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EDTA as a potential agent preventing formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm on polichloride vinyl biomaterials
    • Juda M, Paprota K, Jaloza D, et al. (2008). EDTA as a potential agent preventing formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm on polichloride vinyl biomaterials. Ann Agric Environ Med 15: 237-41.
    • (2008) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.15 , pp. 237-241
    • Juda, M.1    Paprota, K.2    Jaloza, D.3
  • 91
    • 42049088267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of the silver ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
    • Jung WK, Koo HC, Kim KW, et al. (2008). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of the silver ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:2171-8.
    • (2008) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.74 , pp. 2171-2178
    • Jung, W.K.1    Koo, H.C.2    Kim, K.W.3
  • 92
    • 84921435131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of antiseptics containing povidone-iodine, octenidine dihydrochloride and ethacridine lactate against biofilm formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus measured with the novel biofilm-oriented antiseptics test
    • Junka A, Bartoszewicz M, Smutnicka D, et al. (2013). Efficacy of antiseptics containing povidone-iodine, octenidine dihydrochloride and ethacridine lactate against biofilm formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus measured with the novel biofilm-oriented antiseptics test. Int Wound J.
    • (2013) Int Wound J.
    • Junka, A.1    Bartoszewicz, M.2    Smutnicka, D.3
  • 93
    • 84876542275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wound healing evaluation of benzalkonium chloride-loaded hydrocolloid in the wound infection model
    • Kim JH, Jin SG, Ku SK, et al. (2012). Wound healing evaluation of benzalkonium chloride-loaded hydrocolloid in the wound infection model. J Pharmal Invest 42:327-33.
    • (2012) J Pharmal Invest , vol.42 , pp. 327-333
    • Kim, J.H.1    Jin, S.G.2    Ku, S.K.3
  • 94
    • 84897785851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of negativepressure wound therapy with instillation compared with standard negative-pressure wound therapy: A retrospective, historical, cohort, controlled study
    • Kim PJ, Attinger CE, Steinberg JS, et al. (2014). The impact of negativepressure wound therapy with instillation compared with standard negative-pressure wound therapy: a retrospective, historical, cohort, controlled study. Plast Reconstr Surg 133:709-16.
    • (2014) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.133 , pp. 709-716
    • Kim, P.J.1    Attinger, C.E.2    Steinberg, J.S.3
  • 95
    • 84864057026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wound care: Biofilm and it impact on the latest treatment modalities for ulcerations of the diabetic foot
    • Kim PJ, Steinberg JS. (2012). Wound care: biofilm and it impact on the latest treatment modalities for ulcerations of the diabetic foot. Semin Vasc Surg 25:70-4.
    • (2012) Semin Vasc Surg , vol.25 , pp. 70-74
    • Kim, P.J.1    Steinberg, J.S.2
  • 96
    • 64549110967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suprasorb X+ PHMB antimicrobial and hydrobalance action in a new wound dressing
    • Kingsley A, Tadej M, Colbourn A, et al. (2009). Suprasorb X+ PHMB antimicrobial and hydrobalance action in a new wound dressing. Wounds UK 5:72-4.
    • (2009) Wounds UK , vol.5 , pp. 72-74
    • Kingsley, A.1    Tadej, M.2    Colbourn, A.3
  • 97
    • 53149124440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution, organization, and ecology of bacteria in chronic wounds
    • Kirketerp-Møller K, Jensen PØ, Fazli M, et al. (2008). Distribution, organization, and ecology of bacteria in chronic wounds. J Clin Microbiol 46:2717-22.
    • (2008) J Clin Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 2717-2722
    • Kirketerp-Møller, K.1    Jensen, PØ.2    Fazli, M.3
  • 98
    • 85026940458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the effectiveness of EDTA formulations for use as a novel catheter lock solution for the eradication of biofilms
    • McBain A, Allison D, Pratten J, et al. Eds. September 6-8th, Bioline, Cardiff
    • Kite P, Eastwood K, Percival SL. (2005). Assessing the effectiveness of EDTA formulations for use as a novel catheter lock solution for the eradication of biofilms. In: McBain A, Allison D, Pratten J, et al. Eds. Biofilms, Persistence and Ubiquity, September 6-8th, Bioline, Cardiff, 181-190.
    • (2005) Biofilms, Persistence and Ubiquity , pp. 181-190
    • Kite, P.1    Eastwood, K.2    Percival, S.L.3
  • 99
    • 3142688240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of in vivo generated biofilms from hemodialysis catheters to test the efficacy of a novel antimicrobial catheter lock for biofilm eradication in vitro
    • Kite P, Eastwood K, Sugden S, Percival SL. (2004). Use of in vivo generated biofilms from hemodialysis catheters to test the efficacy of a novel antimicrobial catheter lock for biofilm eradication in vitro. J Clin Microbiol 42:3073-6.
    • (2004) J Clin Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 3073-3076
    • Kite, P.1    Eastwood, K.2    Sugden, S.3    Percival, S.L.4
  • 100
    • 0036270295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a role for quorum sensing signals in bacterial biofilms?
    • Kjelleberg S, Molin S. (2002). Is there a role for quorum sensing signals in bacterial biofilms? Curr Opin Microbiol 5:254-8.
    • (2002) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.5 , pp. 254-258
    • Kjelleberg, S.1    Molin, S.2
  • 101
    • 77954921624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of different wound dressings on artificial plaques of fibrin
    • Körber A, Seipp HM, Hofmann S. (2008). Efficacy of different wound dressings on artificial plaques of fibrin. EWMA J 8:261.
    • (2008) EWMA J , vol.8 , pp. 261
    • Körber, A.1    Seipp, H.M.2    Hofmann, S.3
  • 102
    • 78649666092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of silvercontaining wound dressings on bacterial biofilm viability and susceptibility to antibiotics during prolonged treatment
    • Kostenko V, Lyczak J, Turner K, Martinuzzi RJ. (2010). Impact of silvercontaining wound dressings on bacterial biofilm viability and susceptibility to antibiotics during prolonged treatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54:5120-31.
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 5120-5131
    • Kostenko, V.1    Lyczak, J.2    Turner, K.3    Martinuzzi, R.J.4
  • 104
    • 0033085286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of povidone-iodine on wound healing: A review
    • Kramer SA. (1999). Effect of povidone-iodine on wound healing: a review. J Vasc Nurs 17:17-23.
    • (1999) J Vasc Nurs , vol.17 , pp. 17-23
    • Kramer, S.A.1
  • 105
    • 1842627898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the antiseptic agents polyhexanide and octenidine on FL cells and on healing of experimental superficial aseptic wounds in piglets skin
    • Kramer A, Roth B, Müller G, et al. (2004). Influence of the antiseptic agents polyhexanide and octenidine on FL cells and on healing of experimental superficial aseptic wounds in piglets skin. Pharmacol Physiol 17:141-6.
    • (2004) Pharmacol Physiol , vol.17 , pp. 141-146
    • Kramer, A.1    Roth, B.2    Müller, G.3
  • 106
    • 84866446116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtractive hybridization yields a silver resistance determinant unique to nosocomial pathogens in the Enterobacter cloacae complex
    • Kremer AN, Hoffmann H. (2012). Subtractive hybridization yields a silver resistance determinant unique to nosocomial pathogens in the Enterobacter cloacae complex. J Clin Microbiol 50:3249-57.
    • (2012) J Clin Microbiol , vol.50 , pp. 3249-3257
    • Kremer, A.N.1    Hoffmann, H.2
  • 107
    • 0030713992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of efficacy of PVP-I against antiseptic-resistant species
    • Kunisada T, Yamada K, Oda S, Hara O. (1997). Investigation of efficacy of PVP-I against antiseptic-resistant species. Dermatol 195:14-18.
    • (1997) Dermatol , vol.195 , pp. 14-18
    • Kunisada, T.1    Yamada, K.2    Oda, S.3    Hara, O.4
  • 108
    • 0027525357 scopus 로고
    • Action of povidone-iodine against methicillin-sensitive and -resistant cultures of Staphylococcus aureus
    • Lacey RW, Catto A. (1993). Action of povidone-iodine against methicillin-sensitive and -resistant cultures of Staphylococcus aureus. Postgrad Med J 69:578-83.
    • (1993) Postgrad Med J , vol.69 , pp. 578-583
    • Lacey, R.W.1    Catto, A.2
  • 109
    • 1242329166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The synergistic effect of EDTA/antimicrobial combinations on Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Lambert RJW, Hanlon GW, Denyer SP. (2004). The synergistic effect of EDTA/antimicrobial combinations on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Appl Microbiol 96:244-53.
    • (2004) J Appl Microbiol , vol.96 , pp. 244-253
    • Lambert, R.J.W.1    Hanlon, G.W.2    Denyer, S.P.3
  • 111
    • 0016633533 scopus 로고
    • Iodine absorption in burn patients treated topically with povidone-iodine
    • Lavelle KJ, Doedens DJ, Kleit SA, Forney RB. (1975). Iodine absorption in burn patients treated topically with povidone-iodine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 17:355-62.
    • (1975) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.17 , pp. 355-362
    • Lavelle, K.J.1    Doedens, D.J.2    Kleit, S.A.3    Forney, R.B.4
  • 112
    • 0032151732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of iodine as an antiseptic agent
    • Lawrence JC. (1998). The use of iodine as an antiseptic agent. J Wound Care 7:421-5.
    • (1998) J Wound Care , vol.7 , pp. 421-425
    • Lawrence, J.C.1
  • 113
    • 84989030540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definitions and guidelines for assessment of wounds and evaluation of healing
    • Lazarus GS, Cooper DM, Knighton DR, et al. (2002). Definitions and guidelines for assessment of wounds and evaluation of healing. Wound Repair Regen 2:165-70.
    • (2002) Wound Repair Regen , vol.2 , pp. 165-170
    • Lazarus, G.S.1    Cooper, D.M.2    Knighton, D.R.3
  • 114
    • 77953167823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine on human osteoblastic cells is related to intracellular glutathione levels
    • Lee TH, Hu CC, Lee SS, et al. (2010). Cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine on human osteoblastic cells is related to intracellular glutathione levels. Int Endod J 43:430-5.
    • (2010) Int Endod J , vol.43 , pp. 430-435
    • Lee, T.H.1    Hu, C.C.2    Lee, S.S.3
  • 115
    • 0013852809 scopus 로고
    • Release of lipopolysaccharide by EDTA treatment of E. Coli
    • Leive L. (1965). Release of lipopolysaccharide by EDTA treatment of E. Coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 21:290-6.
    • (1965) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.21 , pp. 290-296
    • Leive, L.1
  • 116
    • 81255156875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cohort study on the efficacy of a polyhexanide-containing biocellulose dressing in the treatment of biofilms in wounds
    • Lenselink E, Andriessen A. (2011). A cohort study on the efficacy of a polyhexanide-containing biocellulose dressing in the treatment of biofilms in wounds. J Wound Care 20:536-9.
    • (2011) J Wound Care , vol.20 , pp. 536-539
    • Lenselink, E.1    Andriessen, A.2
  • 117
    • 0015732412 scopus 로고
    • Chemical acidification of wounds. An adjuvant to healing and the unfavourable action of alkalinity and ammonia
    • Leveen H, Falk G, Borek B, et al. (1973). Chemical acidification of wounds. An adjuvant to healing and the unfavourable action of alkalinity and ammonia. Ann Surgery 178:745-50.
    • (1973) Ann Surgery , vol.178 , pp. 745-750
    • Leveen, H.1    Falk, G.2    Borek, B.3
  • 118
    • 77955559155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolate-specific effects of patulin, penicillic Acid and EDTA on biofilm formation and growth of dental unit water line biofilm isolates
    • Liaqat I, Bachmann RT, Sabri AN, et al. (2010). Isolate-specific effects of patulin, penicillic Acid and EDTA on biofilm formation and growth of dental unit water line biofilm isolates. Curr Microbiol 61: 148-56.
    • (2010) Curr Microbiol , vol.61 , pp. 148-156
    • Liaqat, I.1    Bachmann, R.T.2    Sabri, A.N.3
  • 119
    • 0021993305 scopus 로고
    • Cellular and bacterial toxicities of topical antimicrobials
    • Lineaweaver W, Soucy D, Howard R. (1985). Cellular and bacterial toxicities of topical antimicrobials. Plast Reconstr Surg 75:394-6.
    • (1985) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.75 , pp. 394-396
    • Lineaweaver, W.1    Soucy, D.2    Howard, R.3
  • 120
    • 77954991412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing wound dressings using an in vitro wound model
    • Lipp C, Kirker K, Agostinho A, et al. (2010). Testing wound dressings using an in vitro wound model. J Wound Care 19:220-6.
    • (2010) J Wound Care , vol.19 , pp. 220-226
    • Lipp, C.1    Kirker, K.2    Agostinho, A.3
  • 121
    • 72849131465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical antimicrobial therapy for treating chronic wounds
    • Lipsky BA, Hoey C. (2009). Topical antimicrobial therapy for treating chronic wounds. Clin Infect Dis 49:1541-9.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.49 , pp. 1541-1549
    • Lipsky, B.A.1    Hoey, C.2
  • 122
    • 34547448587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersing biofilms with engineered enzymatic bacteriophage
    • Lu TK, Collins JJ. (2007). Dispersing biofilms with engineered enzymatic bacteriophage. PNAS 104:11197-202.
    • (2007) PNAS , vol.104 , pp. 11197-11202
    • Lu, T.K.1    Collins, J.J.2
  • 123
    • 33745738109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular toxicity of carbonbased nanomaterials
    • Magrez A, Kasas S, Salicio V, et al. (2006). Cellular toxicity of carbonbased nanomaterials. Nano Lett 6:1121-5.
    • (2006) Nano Lett , vol.6 , pp. 1121-1125
    • Magrez, A.1    Kasas, S.2    Salicio, V.3
  • 124
    • 33750603830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive resistance and differential protein expression of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis biofilms exposed to benzalkonium chloride
    • Mangalappalli-Illathu AK, Korber DR. (2006). Adaptive resistance and differential protein expression of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis biofilms exposed to benzalkonium chloride. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50:3588-96.
    • (2006) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.50 , pp. 3588-3596
    • Mangalappalli-Illathu, A.K.1    Korber, D.R.2
  • 126
    • 34447519229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofilm reduction by a new burn gel that targets nociception
    • Martineanu L, Dosch HM. (2007). Biofilm reduction by a new burn gel that targets nociception. J App Microbiol 103:297-304.
    • (2007) J App Microbiol , vol.103 , pp. 297-304
    • Martineanu, L.1    Dosch, H.M.2
  • 127
    • 70349776943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New anti-infective coatings of surgical sutures based on a combination of antiseptics and fatty acids
    • Matl FD, Zlotnyk J, Obermeier A, et al. (2009). New anti-infective coatings of surgical sutures based on a combination of antiseptics and fatty acids. J Bio Sci 20:10.
    • (2009) J Bio Sci , vol.20 , pp. 10
    • Matl, F.D.1    Zlotnyk, J.2    Obermeier, A.3
  • 128
    • 21144476149 scopus 로고
    • Povidone-iodine and wound healing: A critical review
    • Mayer DA, Tsapogas MJ. (1993). Povidone-iodine and wound healing: a critical review. Wounds 5:14-23.
    • (1993) Wounds , vol.5 , pp. 14-23
    • Mayer, D.A.1    Tsapogas, M.J.2
  • 129
    • 0033512342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evaluation of a cadexomer iodine wound dressing on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in acute wounds
    • Mertz PM, Oliviera-Gandia MF, Davis S. (1999). The evaluation of a cadexomer iodine wound dressing on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in acute wounds. Dermatol Surg 25:89-93.
    • (1999) Dermatol Surg , vol.25 , pp. 89-93
    • Mertz, P.M.1    Oliviera-Gandia, M.F.2    Davis, S.3
  • 130
    • 84881316179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial silver: Uses, toxicity and potential for resistance
    • Mijnendonckx K, Leys N, Mahillon J, et al. (2013). Antimicrobial silver: uses, toxicity and potential for resistance. Biometals 26:609-21.
    • (2013) Biometals , vol.26 , pp. 609-621
    • Mijnendonckx, K.1    Leys, N.2    Mahillon, J.3
  • 131
    • 78751685422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing bacterial burden in wounds: Comparing clinical observation and wound swabs
    • Miller CN, Carville K, Newall N, Kapp S, et al. (2011). Assessing bacterial burden in wounds: comparing clinical observation and wound swabs. Int Wound J 8:45-55.
    • (2011) Int Wound J , vol.8 , pp. 45-55
    • Miller, C.N.1    Carville, K.2    Newall, N.3    Kapp, S.4
  • 132
    • 0031938067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • QacA multidrug efflux pump from Staphylococcus aureus: Comparative analysis of resistance to diamidines, biguanides, and guanylhydrazones
    • Mitchell BAMH, Skurray RA. (1998). QacA multidrug efflux pump from Staphylococcus aureus: comparative analysis of resistance to diamidines, biguanides, and guanylhydrazones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42:475-7.
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 475-477
    • Mitchell, B.A.M.H.1    Skurray, R.A.2
  • 133
    • 84977892419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ca (II)-EDTA shows antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic bacteria
    • Miura T, Tanabe K, Yoshinari M. (2012). Ca (II)-EDTA shows antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic bacteria. J Biomed Sci Eng 5:10-14.
    • (2012) J Biomed Sci Eng , vol.5 , pp. 10-14
    • Miura, T.1    Tanabe, K.2    Yoshinari, M.3
  • 135
    • 0037218023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute wound healing: An overview
    • Monaco JL, Lawrence T. (2003). Acute wound healing: an overview. Clin Plast Surg 30:1-12.
    • (2003) Clin Plast Surg , vol.30 , pp. 1-12
    • Monaco, J.L.1    Lawrence, T.2
  • 136
    • 0036840111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post adaptational resistance to benzalkonium chloride and subsequent physicochemical modifications of Listeria monocytogenes
    • Monica S, Favrin S, Romanova N, Griffiths W. (2002). Post adaptational resistance to benzalkonium chloride and subsequent physicochemical modifications of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Environ Microbiol 68: 5258-64.
    • (2002) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.68 , pp. 5258-5264
    • Monica, S.1    Favrin, S.2    Romanova, N.3    Griffiths, W.4
  • 137
    • 34547634886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using PHMB antimicrobial to prevent wound infection
    • Moore K, Gray D. (2007). Using PHMB antimicrobial to prevent wound infection. Wounds UK 3:96-102.
    • (2007) Wounds UK , vol.3 , pp. 96-102
    • Moore, K.1    Gray, D.2
  • 138
    • 0141815886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofilm formation and the presence of the intercellular adhesion locusica among staphylococci from food and food processing environments
    • Moretro T, Hermansen L, Holck AL, et al. (2003). Biofilm formation and the presence of the intercellular adhesion locusica among staphylococci from food and food processing environments. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:5648-55.
    • (2003) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.69 , pp. 5648-5655
    • Moretro, T.1    Hermansen, L.2    Holck, A.L.3
  • 139
    • 15544386974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of an antimicrobial drain sponge dressing on specific bacterial isolates at tracheostomy sites
    • Motta GJ, Trigilia D. (2005). The effect of an antimicrobial drain sponge dressing on specific bacterial isolates at tracheostomy sites. Ostomy Wound Management 51:60-6.
    • (2005) Ostomy Wound Management , vol.51 , pp. 60-66
    • Motta, G.J.1    Trigilia, D.2
  • 140
    • 33745264921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of in vitro genotoxicity of povidone-iodine in solution, in ointment or in a liposomal formulation (Repithel®)
    • Müller G, Hai DN, Kramer A. (2006). Lack of in vitro genotoxicity of povidone-iodine in solution, in ointment or in a liposomal formulation (Repithel®). Dermatol 212:94-7.
    • (2006) Dermatol , vol.212 , pp. 94-97
    • Müller, G.1    Hai, D.N.2    Kramer, A.3
  • 141
    • 33745261820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of in vitro cytotoxicity of povidone-iodine in solution, in ointment or in a liposomal formulation (Repithel®) and selected antiseptics
    • Muller G, Kramer A. (2006). Comparative study of in vitro cytotoxicity of povidone-iodine in solution, in ointment or in a liposomal formulation (Repithel®) and selected antiseptics. Dermatol 212:91-3.
    • (2006) Dermatol , vol.212 , pp. 91-93
    • Muller, G.1    Kramer, A.2
  • 142
    • 44449178728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biocompatibility index of antiseptic agents by parallel assessment of antimicrobial activity and cellular cytotoxicity
    • Muller G, Kramer A. (2008). Biocompatibility index of antiseptic agents by parallel assessment of antimicrobial activity and cellular cytotoxicity. J Antimicrob Chemother 61:1281-7.
    • (2008) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.61 , pp. 1281-1287
    • Muller, G.1    Kramer, A.2
  • 143
    • 33745255401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repithel: Removing the barriers to wound healing
    • Muller S, Vogt PM, Steinau HU, et al. (2006). Repithel: removing the barriers to wound healing. Dermatol 212:77-81.
    • (2006) Dermatol , vol.212 , pp. 77-81
    • Muller, S.1    Vogt, P.M.2    Steinau, H.U.3
  • 144
    • 33746521142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical countermeasures for the control of bacterial biofilms: Effective compounds and promising targets
    • Musk Jr. DJ, Hergenrother PJ. (2006). Chemical countermeasures for the control of bacterial biofilms: effective compounds and promising targets. Curr Medicinal Chem 13:2163-77.
    • (2006) Curr Medicinal Chem , vol.13 , pp. 2163-2177
    • Musk, D.J.1    Hergenrother, P.J.2
  • 145
    • 0022386833 scopus 로고
    • Methicillin/antiseptic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Mycock G. (1985). Methicillin/antiseptic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet 2:949-50.
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 949-950
    • Mycock, G.1
  • 146
    • 84880285313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofilm formation and resistance to benzalkonium chloride in Listeria monocytogenes isolated from a fish processing plant
    • Nakamura H, Takakura KI, Sone Y, et al. (2013). Biofilm formation and resistance to benzalkonium chloride in Listeria monocytogenes isolated from a fish processing plant. J Food Protection 76:1179-86.
    • (2013) J Food Protection , vol.76 , pp. 1179-1186
    • Nakamura, H.1    Takakura, K.I.2    Sone, Y.3
  • 147
    • 0030687494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxicity and sensitization of povidone-iodine and other frequently used anti-infective agents
    • Niedner R. (1997). Cytotoxicity and sensitization of povidone-iodine and other frequently used anti-infective agents. Dermatol 195:89-92.
    • (1997) Dermatol , vol.195 , pp. 89-92
    • Niedner, R.1
  • 148
    • 44749089357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles, silver ions, and silver chloride colloids on microbial growth
    • Okkyoung C, Kathy KD, Nam-Jung K, et al. (2008). The inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles, silver ions, and silver chloride colloids on microbial growth. Water Res 42:3066-74.
    • (2008) Water Res , vol.42 , pp. 3066-3074
    • Okkyoung, C.1    Kathy, K.D.2    Nam-Jung, K.3
  • 149
    • 66449094685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron-binding compounds impair Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation, especially under anaerobic conditions
    • O'May CY, Sanderson K, Roddam LF, et al. (2009). Iron-binding compounds impair Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation, especially under anaerobic conditions. J Med Microbiol 58:765-73.
    • (2009) J Med Microbiol , vol.58 , pp. 765-773
    • O'May, C.Y.1    Sanderson, K.2    Roddam, L.F.3
  • 150
    • 0141560457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of antibacterial and toxic effects of various root canal irrigants
    • Oncag O, Hosgor M, Hilmioglu S, et al. (2003). Comparison of antibacterial and toxic effects of various root canal irrigants. Int Endod J 36:423-32.
    • (2003) Int Endod J , vol.36 , pp. 423-432
    • Oncag, O.1    Hosgor, M.2    Hilmioglu, S.3
  • 151
    • 0022535164 scopus 로고
    • Chlorhexidine: Antibacterial action and bacterial resistance
    • Path FRC. (1986). Chlorhexidine: antibacterial action and bacterial resistance. Infection 14:212-15.
    • (1986) Infection , vol.14 , pp. 212-215
    • Path, F.R.C.1
  • 152
    • 0027462796 scopus 로고
    • The 30 conserved segment of integrons contains a gene associated with multidrup resistance to antiseptics and disinfectants
    • Paulsen IT, Littlejohn TG, Ridstrom P, et al. (1993). The 30 conserved segment of integrons contains a gene associated with multidrup resistance to antiseptics and disinfectants. Antimicrob Agents and Chemother 37:761-8.
    • (1993) Antimicrob Agents and Chemother , vol.37 , pp. 761-768
    • Paulsen, I.T.1    Littlejohn, T.G.2    Ridstrom, P.3
  • 153
    • 0032892625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the suitability of the European suspension test to reflect in vitro activity of antiseptics against clinically significant organisms
    • Payne DN, Babb JR, Bradley CR. (1999). An evaluation of the suitability of the European suspension test to reflect in vitro activity of antiseptics against clinically significant organisms. Lett Appl Microbiol 28:7-12.
    • (1999) Lett Appl Microbiol , vol.28 , pp. 7-12
    • Payne, D.N.1    Babb, J.R.2    Bradley, C.R.3
  • 154
    • 38349153041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the effect of an antimicrobial wound dressing on biofilms
    • Percival SL, Bowler P, Woods EJ. (2008). Assessing the effect of an antimicrobial wound dressing on biofilms. Wound Repair Regen 16: 52-7.
    • (2008) Wound Repair Regen , vol.16 , pp. 52-57
    • Percival, S.L.1    Bowler, P.2    Woods, E.J.3
  • 156
    • 84887687894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiology of acute and chronic wounds
    • Percival SL, Cutting K, eds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Percival SL, Dowd S. (2010). Microbiology of acute and chronic wounds. In: Percival SL, Cutting K, eds. Chronic Wounds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 187-218.
    • (2010) Chronic Wounds , pp. 187-218
    • Percival, S.L.1    Dowd, S.2
  • 157
    • 21244503949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetrasodium EDTA as a novel central venous catheter lock solution against biofilm
    • Percival SL, Kite P, Eastwood K, et al. (2005b). Tetrasodium EDTA as a novel central venous catheter lock solution against biofilm. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26:515-19.
    • (2005) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.26 , pp. 515-519
    • Percival, S.L.1    Kite, P.2    Eastwood, K.3
  • 158
    • 85027952925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of pH on wound healing, biofilms, and antimicrobial efficacy
    • Percival SL, McCarty S, Hunt JA, Woods EJ. (2014). The effects of pH on wound healing, biofilms, and antimicrobial efficacy. Wound Repair Regen 22:174-86.
    • (2014) Wound Repair Regen , vol.22 , pp. 174-186
    • Percival, S.L.1    McCarty, S.2    Hunt, J.A.3    Woods, E.J.4
  • 160
    • 68349103180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of EDTA instillations on the rate of development of encrustation and biofilms in Foley catheters
    • Percival SL, Sabbuba NA, Kite P, Stickler DJ. (2009). The effect of EDTA instillations on the rate of development of encrustation and biofilms in Foley catheters. Urol Res 37:205-9.
    • (2009) Urol Res , vol.37 , pp. 205-209
    • Percival, S.L.1    Sabbuba, N.A.2    Kite, P.3    Stickler, D.J.4
  • 161
    • 79955738337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antimicrobial efficacy of a silver alginate dressing against a broad spectrum of clinically relevant wound isolates
    • Percival SL, Slone W, Linton S, et al. (2011a). The antimicrobial efficacy of a silver alginate dressing against a broad spectrum of clinically relevant wound isolates. Int Wound J 8:237-43.
    • (2011) Int Wound J , vol.8 , pp. 237-243
    • Percival, S.L.1    Slone, W.2    Linton, S.3
  • 162
    • 84866545326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antimicrobial efficacy of silver on antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from burn wounds
    • Percival SL, Thomas J, Linton S, et al. (2012). The antimicrobial efficacy of silver on antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from burn wounds. Int Wound J 9:488-93.
    • (2012) Int Wound J , vol.9 , pp. 488-493
    • Percival, S.L.1    Thomas, J.2    Linton, S.3
  • 163
    • 80155208366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of silver dressings and antibiotics on MRSA and MSSA isolated from burn patients
    • Percival SL, Thomas JG, Slone W, et al. (2011b). The efficacy of silver dressings and antibiotics on MRSA and MSSA isolated from burn patients. Wound Repair Reg 19:767-74.
    • (2011) Wound Repair Reg , vol.19 , pp. 767-774
    • Percival, S.L.1    Thomas, J.G.2    Slone, W.3
  • 164
    • 77952733324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofilms and bacterial imbalances in chronic wounds: Anti-Koch
    • Percival SL, Thomas JG, Williams DW. (2010a). Biofilms and bacterial imbalances in chronic wounds: anti-Koch. Int Wound J 7: 169-75.
    • (2010) Int Wound J , vol.7 , pp. 169-175
    • Percival, S.L.1    Thomas, J.G.2    Williams, D.W.3
  • 165
    • 85010905029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The world of microbiology and biofilmology
    • Percival SL, Cutting K. Eds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Percival SL, Thomas JG, Williams DW. (2010b). The world of microbiology and biofilmology. In Percival SL, Cutting K. Eds. Microbiology of Wounds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1-58.
    • (2010) Microbiology of Wounds , pp. 1-58
    • Percival, S.L.1    Thomas, J.G.2    Williams, D.W.3
  • 167
    • 84888067977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of negative pressure wound therapy with periodic instillation using antimicrobial solutions on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on porcine skin explants
    • Phillips PL, Yang Q, Schultz GS. (2013b). The effect of negative pressure wound therapy with periodic instillation using antimicrobial solutions on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on porcine skin explants. Int Wound J 10:48-55.
    • (2013) Int Wound J , vol.10 , pp. 48-55
    • Phillips, P.L.1    Yang, Q.2    Schultz, G.S.3
  • 169
    • 0028362350 scopus 로고
    • A study of the impact of leg ulcers on quality of life: Financial, social, and psychologic implications
    • Phillips T, Stanton B, Provan A, Lew R. (1994). A study of the impact of leg ulcers on quality of life: financial, social, and psychologic implications. J Am Acad Dermatol 31:49-53.
    • (1994) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.31 , pp. 49-53
    • Phillips, T.1    Stanton, B.2    Provan, A.3    Lew, R.4
  • 170
    • 1842411859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Healing rate and bacterial necrotizing vasculitis in venous leg ulcers
    • Pierard-Franchimont C, Paquet P, Arrese JE, Pierard GE. (1997). Healing rate and bacterial necrotizing vasculitis in venous leg ulcers. Dermatol 194:383-7.
    • (1997) Dermatol , vol.194 , pp. 383-387
    • Pierard-Franchimont, C.1    Paquet, P.2    Arrese, J.E.3    Pierard, G.E.4
  • 171
    • 34547837585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of alcohols, povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide on biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis
    • Presterl E, Suchomel M, Eder M, et al. (2007). Effects of alcohols, povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide on biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Antimicrob Chemother 60:417-20.
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.60 , pp. 417-420
    • Presterl, E.1    Suchomel, M.2    Eder, M.3
  • 172
    • 0026684481 scopus 로고
    • The effects of chlorhexidine digluconate on human fibroblasts in vitro
    • Pucher JJ, Daniel JC. (1992). The effects of chlorhexidine digluconate on human fibroblasts in vitro. J Periodontol 63:526-32.
    • (1992) J Periodontol , vol.63 , pp. 526-532
    • Pucher, J.J.1    Daniel, J.C.2
  • 173
    • 55249111977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) in catheter lock solutions: EDTA enhances the antifungal activity of amphotericin B lipid complex against Candida embedded in biofilm
    • Raad II, Hachem RY, Hanna HA, et al. (2008). Role of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) in catheter lock solutions: EDTA enhances the antifungal activity of amphotericin B lipid complex against Candida embedded in biofilm. Int J Antimicrob Agents 32:515-18.
    • (2008) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.32 , pp. 515-518
    • Raad, I.I.1    Hachem, R.Y.2    Hanna, H.A.3
  • 174
    • 33748783043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal and inactivation of Staphylococcus epidermis biofilms by electrolysis
    • Rabinovitch C, Stewart PS. (2007). Removal and inactivation of Staphylococcus epidermis biofilms by electrolysis. Appl Environmental Microiol 72:6364-6.
    • (2007) Appl Environmental Microiol , vol.72 , pp. 6364-6366
    • Rabinovitch, C.1    Stewart, P.S.2
  • 175
    • 84866522273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles on gram-negative bacteria: Influence on the growth and biofilms formation, mechanisms of action
    • Radzig MA, Nadtochenko VA, Koksharova OA, et al. (2013). Antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles on gram-negative bacteria: Influence on the growth and biofilms formation, mechanisms of action. Colloids Surf B 102:300-6.
    • (2013) Colloids Surf B , vol.102 , pp. 300-306
    • Radzig, M.A.1    Nadtochenko, V.A.2    Koksharova, O.A.3
  • 176
    • 35448933664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition on Candida albicans biofilm formation using divalent cation chelators (EDTA)
    • Ramage G, Wickes BL, López-Ribot JL. (2007). Inhibition on Candida albicans biofilm formation using divalent cation chelators (EDTA). Mycopathologia 164:301-6.
    • (2007) Mycopathologia , vol.164 , pp. 301-306
    • Ramage, G.1    Wickes, B.L.2    López-Ribot, J.L.3
  • 177
    • 0033712608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An innovative topical drug formulation for wound healing and infection treatment: In vitro and in vivo investigations of a povidone-iodine liposome hydrogel
    • Reimer K, Vogt PM, Broegmann B, et al. (2000). An innovative topical drug formulation for wound healing and infection treatment: in vitro and in vivo investigations of a povidone-iodine liposome hydrogel. Dermatol 201:235-41.
    • (2000) Dermatol , vol.201 , pp. 235-241
    • Reimer, K.1    Vogt, P.M.2    Broegmann, B.3
  • 178
    • 84977926593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of octenidine dihydrochloride on bacterial biofilm on the surface of a polypropylene mesh
    • Res̈liński A, Dąbrowiecki S, Głowacka K, Szmytkowski J. (2013). The influence of octenidine dihydrochloride on bacterial biofilm on the surface of a polypropylene mesh. Med Biol Sci 27:41-7.
    • (2013) Med Biol Sci , vol.27 , pp. 41-47
    • Res̈liński, A.1    Dąbrowiecki, S.2    Głowacka, K.3    Szmytkowski, J.4
  • 179
    • 0017229726 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopic study of the effect of benzalkonium chloride and edetate disodium on cell envelope of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Richards RME, Cavill RH. (1976). Electron microscopic study of the effect of benzalkonium chloride and edetate disodium on cell envelope of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Pharmacol Sci 65:76-80.
    • (1976) J Pharmacol Sci , vol.65 , pp. 76-80
    • Richards, R.M.E.1    Cavill, R.H.2
  • 180
    • 0005826581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical changes in dermal tissues around chronic venous ulcers 7th European conference on advances in wound management
    • Roberts G, Hammad L, Creevy J, et al. (1997). Physical changes in dermal tissues around chronic venous ulcers 7th European conference on advances in wound management. J Wound Manage Assoc 18: 104-5.
    • (1997) J Wound Manage Assoc , vol.18 , pp. 104-105
    • Roberts, G.1    Hammad, L.2    Creevy, J.3
  • 181
    • 0032619692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pressure ulcer debridement and cleansing: A review of current literature
    • Rodeheaver GT. (1999). Pressure ulcer debridement and cleansing: a review of current literature. Ostomy/Wound Manage 45:80S-85S.
    • (1999) Ostomy/Wound Manage , vol.45 , pp. 80-85
    • Rodeheaver, G.T.1
  • 182
    • 33745778962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of chronic wounds in Quebec home care: An exploratory study
    • Rodrigues I, Megie M. (2006). Prevalence of chronic wounds in Quebec home care: an exploratory study. Ostomy Wound Manage 52: 46-8.
    • (2006) Ostomy Wound Manage , vol.52 , pp. 46-48
    • Rodrigues, I.1    Megie, M.2
  • 183
    • 0032865686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with chronic leg ulcers show diminished levels of vitamins A and E, carotenes, and zinc
    • Rojas AI, Phillips TJ. (2001). Patients with chronic leg ulcers show diminished levels of vitamins A and E, carotenes, and zinc. Dermatol Surg 25:601-4.
    • (2001) Dermatol Surg , vol.25 , pp. 601-604
    • Rojas, A.I.1    Phillips, T.J.2
  • 185
    • 0023791003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of disodium EDTA upon the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro: Relation to infection prophylaxis of Hickman catheters
    • Root JL, McIntyre OR, Jacobs NJ, Daghlian CP. (1998). Inhibitory effect of disodium EDTA upon the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro: relation to infection prophylaxis of Hickman catheters. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:1627-31.
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.32 , pp. 1627-1631
    • Root, J.L.1    McIntyre, O.R.2    Jacobs, N.J.3    Daghlian, C.P.4
  • 186
    • 0017206803 scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of the antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate
    • Rosenberg A, Alatary SD, Peterson AF. (1976). Safety and efficacy of the antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate. Surg Gynecol Obstet 143: 789-92.
    • (1976) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.143 , pp. 789-792
    • Rosenberg, A.1    Alatary, S.D.2    Peterson, A.F.3
  • 187
    • 84922168110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiofilm effect of octenidine hydrochloride on Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA and VRSA
    • Roshni AMA, Venkitanarayanan K. (2014). Antibiofilm effect of octenidine hydrochloride on Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA and VRSA. Pathogens 3:404-16.
    • (2014) Pathogens , vol.3 , pp. 404-416
    • Roshni, A.M.A.1    Venkitanarayanan, K.2
  • 188
    • 79960018422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Miracle molecules of our age: Ethylenediaminete-traacetic acid
    • Rowbury R. (2011). Miracle molecules of our age: ethylenediaminete-traacetic acid. Sci Prog 94:232-40.
    • (2011) Sci Prog , vol.94 , pp. 232-240
    • Rowbury, R.1
  • 190
    • 84864507873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofilm inhibition by an experimental dental resin composite containing octenidine dihydrochloride
    • Rupf S, Balkenhol M, Sahrhage TO, et al. (2012). Biofilm inhibition by an experimental dental resin composite containing octenidine dihydrochloride. Dent Mater 28:974-84.
    • (2012) Dent Mater , vol.28 , pp. 974-984
    • Rupf, S.1    Balkenhol, M.2    Sahrhage, T.O.3
  • 192
    • 0036093839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction of biocides into clinical practice and the impact on antibiotic-resistant bacteria
    • Russell AD. (2002a). Introduction of biocides into clinical practice and the impact on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 92: 121-35.
    • (2002) J Appl Microbiol , vol.92 , pp. 121-135
    • Russell, A.D.1
  • 193
    • 0036239262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of antimicrobial action of antiseptics and disinfectants: An increasingly important area of investigation
    • Russell AD. (2002b). Mechanisms of antimicrobial action of antiseptics and disinfectants: an increasingly important area of investigation. J Antimicrob Chemother 49:597-9.
    • (2002) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 597-599
    • Russell, A.D.1
  • 194
    • 0344552435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biocide use and antibiotic resistance: The clinical relevance of laboratory findings to clinical and environmental situations
    • Russell AD. (2003). Biocide use and antibiotic resistance: the clinical relevance of laboratory findings to clinical and environmental situations. Lancet 3:794-803.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.3 , pp. 794-803
    • Russell, A.D.1
  • 195
    • 0024333815 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of resistance to benzalkonium chloride by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Sakagami Y, Yokoyama H, Nishimura H, Tashima T. (1989). Mechanism of resistance to benzalkonium chloride by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 55:2036-40.
    • (1989) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.55 , pp. 2036-2040
    • Sakagami, Y.1    Yokoyama, H.2    Nishimura, H.3    Tashima, T.4
  • 196
    • 33847645894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biocide polyhexamethylene biguanide remains an uncommon contact allergen
    • Schnuch A, Geier J, Uter W, et al. (2007). The biocide polyhexamethylene biguanide remains an uncommon contact allergen. Contact Dermatitis 56:235-9.
    • (2007) Contact Dermatitis , vol.56 , pp. 235-239
    • Schnuch, A.1    Geier, J.2    Uter, W.3
  • 197
    • 0020433088 scopus 로고
    • Effect of silver ions on transport and retention of phosphate by Escherichia coli
    • Schreurs WJ, Rosenberg H. (1982). Effect of silver ions on transport and retention of phosphate by Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 152:7-13.
    • (1982) J Bacteriol , vol.152 , pp. 7-13
    • Schreurs, W.J.1    Rosenberg, H.2
  • 198
    • 1642295132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of iodine in antisepsis and wound management: A reappraisal
    • Selvaggi G, Monstrey S, Van Landuyt K, et al. (2003). The role of iodine in antisepsis and wound management: a reappraisal. Acta Chirurgica Belgica 3:241-7.
    • (2003) Acta Chirurgica Belgica , vol.3 , pp. 241-247
    • Selvaggi, G.1    Monstrey, S.2    Van Landuyt, K.3
  • 199
    • 33749445273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against selected single-species biofilms
    • Sena NT, Gomes BP, Vianna ME, et al. (2006). In vitro antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against selected single-species biofilms. Int Endod J 39:878-85.
    • (2006) Int Endod J , vol.39 , pp. 878-885
    • Sena, N.T.1    Gomes, B.P.2    Vianna, M.E.3
  • 200
    • 79957830561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decontamination efficacy of antiseptic agents on in vivo grown biofilms on rough titanium surfaces
    • Sennhenn-Kirchner S, Wolff N, Klaue S, et al. (2009). Decontamination efficacy of antiseptic agents on in vivo grown biofilms on rough titanium surfaces. Quintessence Int 40:80-8.
    • (2009) Quintessence Int , vol.40 , pp. 80-88
    • Sennhenn-Kirchner, S.1    Wolff, N.2    Klaue, S.3
  • 201
    • 0035580961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifestyles of bacteria in wounds: Presence of biofilms
    • Serralta VW, Harrison-Belestra C, Cazzaniga AL, et al. (2001). Lifestyles of bacteria in wounds: presence of biofilms. Wounds 13: 29-34.
    • (2001) Wounds , vol.13 , pp. 29-34
    • Serralta, V.W.1    Harrison-Belestra, C.2    Cazzaniga, A.L.3
  • 202
    • 35148900311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixture of sugar and povidone-iodine stimulates healing of MRSA-infected skin ulcers on db/db mice
    • Shi CM, Nakao H, Yamazaki M, et al. (2007). Mixture of sugar and povidone-iodine stimulates healing of MRSA-infected skin ulcers on db/db mice. Arch Dermatol Res 299:449-56.
    • (2007) Arch Dermatol Res , vol.299 , pp. 449-456
    • Shi, C.M.1    Nakao, H.2    Yamazaki, M.3
  • 203
    • 44949173228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biology of chronic foot ulcers in persons with diabetes
    • Sibbald GR, Woo KY. (2008). The biology of chronic foot ulcers in persons with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 24:S25-30.
    • (2008) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.24 , pp. S25-S30
    • Sibbald, G.R.1    Woo, K.Y.2
  • 204
    • 0024150412 scopus 로고
    • Plasmid-mediated heavy metal resistances
    • Silver S, Misra S. (1988). Plasmid-mediated heavy metal resistances. Annu Rev Microbiol 42:711-43.
    • (1988) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 711-743
    • Silver, S.1    Misra, S.2
  • 205
    • 0037903225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial silver resistance: Molecular biology and uses and misuses of silver compounds
    • Silver S. (2003). Bacterial silver resistance: molecular biology and uses and misuses of silver compounds. FEMS Microbiol Rev 27:341-53.
    • (2003) FEMS Microbiol Rev , vol.27 , pp. 341-353
    • Silver, S.1
  • 207
    • 0033517356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous wound healing
    • Singer AJ, Clark RA. (1999). Cutaneous wound healing. N Engl J Med 341:738-46.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 738-746
    • Singer, A.J.1    Clark, R.A.2
  • 208
    • 0020574741 scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial comparing cadexomer iodine and standard treatment in the out-patient management of chronic venous ulcers
    • Skog E, Arnesjö B, Troëng T, et al. (1983). A randomized trial comparing cadexomer iodine and standard treatment in the out-patient management of chronic venous ulcers. Br J Dermatol 109:77.
    • (1983) Br J Dermatol , vol.109 , pp. 77
    • Skog, E.1    Arnesjö, B.2    Troëng, T.3
  • 209
    • 79955621906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of pH on the antimicrobial efficiency of silver alginate on chronic wound isolates
    • Slone W, Linton S, Okel T, et al. (2011). The effect of pH on the antimicrobial efficiency of silver alginate on chronic wound isolates. J Am Col Certif Wound Spec 2:86-90.
    • (2011) J Am Col Certif Wound Spec , vol.2 , pp. 86-90
    • Slone, W.1    Linton, S.2    Okel, T.3
  • 210
    • 0035379286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants on biofilms of root canal isolates
    • Spratt DA, Pratten J, Wilson M, Gulabivala K. (2001). An in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants on biofilms of root canal isolates. Int Endod J 34:300-7.
    • (2001) Int Endod J , vol.34 , pp. 300-307
    • Spratt, D.A.1    Pratten, J.2    Wilson, M.3    Gulabivala, K.4
  • 212
    • 0026456971 scopus 로고
    • A flow cytometric study of the effects of benzalkonium chloride on the cell cycle
    • Takahashi N, Fujikawa K, Miyakoshi M, et al. (1992). A flow cytometric study of the effects of benzalkonium chloride on the cell cycle. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 96:823-27.
    • (1992) Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi , vol.96 , pp. 823-827
    • Takahashi, N.1    Fujikawa, K.2    Miyakoshi, M.3
  • 213
    • 0031963609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzalkonium chloride: A potential disinfecting irrigation solution for orthopaedic wounds
    • Tarbox B, Conroy P, Malicky S, et al. (1998). Benzalkonium chloride: a potential disinfecting irrigation solution for orthopaedic wounds. Clin Orthop 346:255-61.
    • (1998) Clin Orthop , vol.346 , pp. 255-261
    • Tarbox, B.1    Conroy, P.2    Malicky, S.3
  • 214
    • 0013496525 scopus 로고
    • Comparative toxicity of anti microbial agents on transformed keratinocytes
    • Tatnall FM, Leigh IM, Gibson JR. (1987). Comparative toxicity of anti microbial agents on transformed keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 89: 316-17.
    • (1987) J Invest Dermatol , vol.89 , pp. 316-317
    • Tatnall, F.M.1    Leigh, I.M.2    Gibson, J.R.3
  • 215
    • 83155175546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of two silver-containing wound dressings on burn wound isolates
    • Thomas JG, Slone W, Linton S, et al. (2011). A comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of two silver-containing wound dressings on burn wound isolates. J Wound Care 20:580-2.
    • (2011) J Wound Care , vol.20 , pp. 580-582
    • Thomas, J.G.1    Slone, W.2    Linton, S.3
  • 216
    • 70449729737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro comparison of antimicrobial activity of iodine and silver dressings against biofilms
    • Thorn RM, Austin AJ, Greenman J, et al. (2009). In vitro comparison of antimicrobial activity of iodine and silver dressings against biofilms. J Wound Care 18:343-6.
    • (2009) J Wound Care , vol.18 , pp. 343-346
    • Thorn, R.M.1    Austin, A.J.2    Greenman, J.3
  • 217
    • 35948972767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a bioluminescent pseudomonas aeruginosa strain within an in vitro microbiological system, as a model of wound infection, to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of wound dressings by monitoring light production. Antimicrob
    • Thorn RMS, Nelson SM, Greenman J. (2007). Use of a bioluminescent pseudomonas aeruginosa strain within an in vitro microbiological system, as a model of wound infection, to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of wound dressings by monitoring light production. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother 51:3217-24.
    • (2007) Agents Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 3217-3224
    • Thorn, R.M.S.1    Nelson, S.M.2    Greenman, J.3
  • 218
    • 23844558283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Octenidine hydrochloride for the care of central venous catheter insertion sites in severely immunocompromised patients
    • Tietz A, Frei R, Marc B, et al. (2005). Octenidine hydrochloride for the care of central venous catheter insertion sites in severely immunocompromised patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26:703-7.
    • (2005) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.26 , pp. 703-707
    • Tietz, A.1    Frei, R.2    Marc, B.3
  • 219
    • 0017662337 scopus 로고
    • Effect of colloidal association on the measured activity of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Tomlinson E, Brown MRW, Davis SS. (1977). Effect of colloidal association on the measured activity of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Chem 20: 1277-82.
    • (1977) J Med Chem , vol.20 , pp. 1277-1282
    • Tomlinson, E.1    Brown, M.R.W.2    Davis, S.S.3
  • 220
    • 84881610653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined effect of benzalkonium chloride and ultrasound against Listeria monocytogenes biofilm on plastic surface
    • Torlak E, Sert D. (2013). Combined effect of benzalkonium chloride and ultrasound against Listeria monocytogenes biofilm on plastic surface. Lett Appl Microbiol 57:220-6.
    • (2013) Lett Appl Microbiol , vol.57 , pp. 220-226
    • Torlak, E.1    Sert, D.2
  • 221
    • 79954563438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based review of silver dressing use on chronic wounds
    • Toy LW, Macera L. (2011). Evidence-based review of silver dressing use on chronic wounds. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 23:183-92.
    • (2011) J Am Acad Nurse Pract , vol.23 , pp. 183-192
    • Toy, L.W.1    Macera, L.2
  • 222
    • 0023254890 scopus 로고
    • Silver resistance and accumulation in bacteria
    • Trevor JT. (1987). Silver resistance and accumulation in bacteria. Enzyme Microb Technol 9:331-3.
    • (1987) Enzyme Microb Technol , vol.9 , pp. 331-333
    • Trevor, J.T.1
  • 223
    • 77950493455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the antimicrobial effectiveness of a new silver alginate wound dressing: A RCT
    • Trial C, Darbas H, Lavigne JP, et al. (2010). Assessment of the antimicrobial effectiveness of a new silver alginate wound dressing: a RCT. J Wound Care 19:20-6.
    • (2010) J Wound Care , vol.19 , pp. 20-26
    • Trial, C.1    Darbas, H.2    Lavigne, J.P.3
  • 224
    • 33444465450 scopus 로고
    • The pH changes of pressure ulcers related to the healing process of wounds
    • Tsukada K, Tokunaga K, Iwama T, Mishima Y. (1992). The pH changes of pressure ulcers related to the healing process of wounds. Wounds 4: 16-20.
    • (1992) Wounds , vol.4 , pp. 16-20
    • Tsukada, K.1    Tokunaga, K.2    Iwama, T.3    Mishima, Y.4
  • 225
    • 38049005331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of biofilm Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus to detergents and sanitizers
    • Ueda S, Kuwabara Y. (2007). Susceptibility of biofilm Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus to detergents and sanitizers. Biocontrol Sci 12:149-53.
    • (2007) Biocontrol Sci , vol.12 , pp. 149-153
    • Ueda, S.1    Kuwabara, Y.2
  • 226
    • 54349099737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of octenidine dihydrochloride (Octenisept®), polihexanide (Prontosan®) and povidon iodine (Betadine®) for topical antibacterial effects in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-contaminated, full-skin thickness burn wounds in rats
    • Uygur F, Özyurt M, Evinç R, et al. (2008). Comparison of octenidine dihydrochloride (Octenisept®), polihexanide (Prontosan®) and povidon iodine (Betadine®) for topical antibacterial effects in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-contaminated, full-skin thickness burn wounds in rats. Cent Eur J Med 3:417-21.
    • (2008) Cent Eur J Med , vol.3 , pp. 417-421
    • Uygur, F.1    Özyurt, M.2    Evinç, R.3
  • 227
    • 0020413750 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of povidone Iodine compounds and phagocytic cells and microorganisms
    • Van den Broek PJ, Buys LF, Van Furth R. (1982). Interaction of povidone Iodine compounds and phagocytic cells and microorganisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 22:593-7.
    • (1982) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.22 , pp. 593-597
    • Van Den-Broek, P.J.1    Buys, L.F.2    Van Furth, R.3
  • 228
    • 20444364154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term use of silver containing nose-drops resulting in systemic argyria
    • Van de Voorde K, Nijsten T, Schelfhout K, et al. (2005). Long-term use of silver containing nose-drops resulting in systemic argyria. Acta Clin Belg 60:33-5.
    • (2005) Acta Clin Belg , vol.60 , pp. 33-35
    • Van De-Voorde, K.1    Nijsten, T.2    Schelfhout, K.3
  • 229
    • 38049043856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of povidone-iodine preoperative showers on skin colonization in elective plastic surgery procedures
    • Veiga DF, Damasceno CA, Veiga Filho J, et al. (2008). Influence of povidone-iodine preoperative showers on skin colonization in elective plastic surgery procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg 121:115-18.
    • (2008) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.121 , pp. 115-118
    • Veiga, D.F.1    Damasceno, C.A.2    Veiga Filho, J.3
  • 231
    • 0018874064 scopus 로고
    • Disinfection of surgical wounds without inhibition of normal wound healing
    • Viljanto J. (1980). Disinfection of surgical wounds without inhibition of normal wound healing. Archives of Surgery 115:253-6.
    • (1980) Archives of Surgery , vol.115 , pp. 253-256
    • Viljanto, J.1
  • 232
    • 0035018318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyvinyl pyrrolidoneiodine liposome hydrogel improves epithelialization by combining moisture and antisepis. A new concept in wound therapy
    • Vogt PM, Hauser J, Robbach O, et al. (2001). Polyvinyl pyrrolidoneiodine liposome hydrogel improves epithelialization by combining moisture and antisepis. A new concept in wound therapy. Wound Repair Regen 9:116-22.
    • (2001) Wound Repair Regen , vol.9 , pp. 116-122
    • Vogt, P.M.1    Hauser, J.2    Robbach, O.3
  • 233
    • 2342506588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of antiseptics on radical metabolism, antioxidant status and genotoxic stress in blood cells: Povidone-iodine versus octenidine dihydrochloride
    • Wagner KH, Jürss A, Zarembach B, Elmadfa I. (2004). Impact of antiseptics on radical metabolism, antioxidant status and genotoxic stress in blood cells: povidone-iodine versus octenidine dihydrochloride. Toxicol in Vitro 18:411-18.
    • (2004) Toxicol in Vitro , vol.18 , pp. 411-418
    • Wagner, K.H.1    Jürss, A.2    Zarembach, B.3    Elmadfa, I.4
  • 234
    • 34447268558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapter 41: Thyroid and anti-thyroid drugs
    • Dukes, MNG, Aronson JK, eds. 14th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science BV
    • Weeke J. (2000). Chapter 41: thyroid and anti-thyroid drugs. In: Dukes, MNG, Aronson JK, eds. Meyler's side effects of drugs. 14th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science BV; 1492-3.
    • (2000) Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs , pp. 1492-1493
    • Weeke, J.1
  • 235
    • 6344244516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced infection and degradation of human wound fluid and skin proteins ex vivo are eradicated by a synthetic cationic polymer
    • Werthen M, Davoudi M, Sonesson A, et al. (2004). Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced infection and degradation of human wound fluid and skin proteins ex vivo are eradicated by a synthetic cationic polymer. J Antimicrob Chemother 54:772-9.
    • (2004) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 772-779
    • Werthen, M.1    Davoudi, M.2    Sonesson, A.3
  • 236
    • 84977896549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of microbial biofilms in chronic and acute wounds
    • Westgate S, Cutting K. (2011). The role of microbial biofilms in chronic and acute wounds. Nurs Residential Care 13:518-21.
    • (2011) Nurs Residential Care , vol.13 , pp. 518-521
    • Westgate, S.1    Cutting, K.2
  • 237
    • 70349090940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HaCaT keratinocytes in co-culture with Staphylococcus aureus can be protected from bacterial damage by polihexanide
    • Wiegand C, Abel M, Ruth P, Hipler UC. (2009). HaCaT keratinocytes in co-culture with Staphylococcus aureus can be protected from bacterial damage by polihexanide. Wound Repair Regen 17:730-8.
    • (2009) Wound Repair Regen , vol.17 , pp. 730-738
    • Wiegand, C.1    Abel, M.2    Ruth, P.3    Hipler, U.C.4
  • 239
    • 0018599983 scopus 로고
    • The pH of varicose ulcer surfaces and its relationship to healing
    • Wilson M, Henry M, Quill R, Byrne P. (1979). The pH of varicose ulcer surfaces and its relationship to healing. VASA 8:339-42.
    • (1979) VASA , vol.8 , pp. 339-342
    • Wilson, M.1    Henry, M.2    Quill, R.3    Byrne, P.4
  • 240
    • 0021159242 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of some polyhexamethylene biguanides and membrane phospholipids in Escherichia coli
    • Woodcock PM, Heatley F, Gilbert P. (1984). Interaction of some polyhexamethylene biguanides and membrane phospholipids in Escherichia coli. J Appl Bacteriol 57:115-24.
    • (1984) J Appl Bacteriol , vol.57 , pp. 115-124
    • Woodcock, P.M.1    Heatley, F.2    Gilbert, P.3
  • 241
    • 34249706698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using microbial genomics to evaluate the effectiveness of silver to prevent biofilm formation
    • Wu MY, Suryanarayanan K, van Ooij, WJ, Oerther DB. (2007). Using microbial genomics to evaluate the effectiveness of silver to prevent biofilm formation. Water Sci Technol 55:413-19.
    • (2007) Water Sci Technol , vol.55 , pp. 413-419
    • Wu, M.Y.1    Suryanarayanan, K.2    Van Ooij, W.J.3    Oerther, D.B.4
  • 242
    • 0036230101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virucidal activity and cytotoxicity of the liposomal formulation of povidone-iodine
    • Wutzler P, Sauerbrei A, Klöcking R, et al. (2002). Virucidal activity and cytotoxicity of the liposomal formulation of povidone-iodine. Antiviral Res 54:89-97.
    • (2002) Antiviral Res , vol.54 , pp. 89-97
    • Wutzler, P.1    Sauerbrei, A.2    Klöcking, R.3
  • 243
    • 29244481508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofilm-control strategies based on enzymic disruption of the extracellular polymeric substance matrix - A modelling study
    • Xavier JB, Picioreanu C, Rani SA, et al. (2005). Biofilm-control strategies based on enzymic disruption of the extracellular polymeric substance matrix - a modelling study. Microbiol 151:3817-32.
    • (2005) Microbiol , vol.151 , pp. 3817-3832
    • Xavier, J.B.1    Picioreanu, C.2    Rani, S.A.3
  • 244
    • 0033384598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The proteolytic environment of chronic wounds
    • Yager DR, Nwomeh BC. (2002). The proteolytic environment of chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regen 7:433-41.
    • (2002) Wound Repair Regen , vol.7 , pp. 433-441
    • Yager, D.R.1    Nwomeh, B.C.2
  • 245
    • 0022515506 scopus 로고
    • Chemical and microbiologic characteristics and toxicity of povidone-iodine solutions
    • Zamora JL. (1986). Chemical and microbiologic characteristics and toxicity of povidone-iodine solutions. Am J Surg 151:400-6.
    • (1986) Am J Surg , vol.151 , pp. 400-406
    • Zamora, J.L.1
  • 246
    • 0036284451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slow release iodine preparation and wound healing: In vitro effects consistent with lack of in vivo toxicity in human chronic wounds
    • Zhou LH, Nahm WK, Badiavas E, et al. (2002). Slow release iodine preparation and wound healing: in vitro effects consistent with lack of in vivo toxicity in human chronic wounds. Br J Dermatol 146:365-74.
    • (2002) Br J Dermatol , vol.146 , pp. 365-374
    • Zhou, L.H.1    Nahm, W.K.2    Badiavas, E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.