메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 794-803

Biocide use and antibiotic resistance: The relevance of laboratory findings to clinical and environmental situations

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL DERIVATIVE; AMINOCYCLITOL; AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; BIGUANIDE DERIVATIVE; BIOCIDE; CETRIMIDE; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CHLORHEXIDINE; CYANURIC ACID; ERYTHROMYCIN; ETHYLENE OXIDE DERIVATIVE; FORMALDEHYDE; GLUTARALDEHYDE; HYPOCHLORITE SODIUM; ISONIAZID; ISOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVE; PENTAMIDINE; PHENOL DERIVATIVE; PHTHALALDEHYDE; POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE); RIFAMPICIN; SULFONAMIDE; TETRACYCLINE DERIVATIVE; TRICLOSAN; TRIMETHOPRIM; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 0344552435     PISSN: 14733099     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00833-8     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (342)

References (130)
  • 1
    • 0032926818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiseptics and disinfectants: Activity, action and resistance
    • McDonnell G, Russell AD. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999; 12: 147-79.
    • (1999) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.12 , pp. 147-179
    • McDonnell, G.1    Russell, A.D.2
  • 2
    • 79952899179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hand hygiene and patient care: Pursuing the Semmelweis legacy
    • Pittet D, Boyce JM. Hand hygiene and patient care: pursuing the Semmelweis legacy. Lancet Infect Dis 2001; April: 9-20.
    • (2001) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.APRIL , pp. 9-20
    • Pittet, D.1    Boyce, J.M.2
  • 3
    • 85030952956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disinfectants in consumer products
    • Publication no. 2001/05E
    • Health Council of the Netherlands. Disinfectants in consumer products. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, 2001: Publication no. 2001/05E.
    • (2001) The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands
  • 4
    • 0036151784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors impacting on the problems of antibiotic resistance
    • Levy SB. Factors impacting on the problems of antibiotic resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 49: 25-30.
    • (2002) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 25-30
    • Levy, S.B.1
  • 5
    • 0034006523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do biocides select for antibiotic resistance?
    • Russell AD. Do biocides select for antibiotic resistance? J Pharm Pharmacol 2000; 52: 227-33.
    • (2000) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.52 , pp. 227-233
    • Russell, A.D.1
  • 6
    • 0033386577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial resistance to disinfectants: Present knowledge and future problems
    • Russell AD. Bacterial resistance to disinfectants: present knowledge and future problems. J Hosp Infect 1999; 43: S57-68.
    • (1999) J Hosp Infect , vol.43
    • Russell, A.D.1
  • 7
    • 0033955848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentration: A major factor in studying biocidal action
    • Russell AD, McDonnell G. Concentration: a major factor in studying biocidal action. J Hosp Infect 2000; 44: 1-3.
    • (2000) J Hosp Infect , vol.44 , pp. 1-3
    • Russell, A.D.1    McDonnell, G.2
  • 8
    • 0034521742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of resistance to chlorhexidine diacetate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the effect of a residual concentration
    • Thomas L, Lambert RJW, Maillard J.Y, Russell AD. Development of resistance to chlorhexidine diacetate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the effect of a residual concentration. J Hosp Infect 2000; 46: 297-303.
    • (2000) J Hosp Infect , vol.46 , pp. 297-303
    • Thomas, L.1    Lambert, R.J.W.2    Maillard, J.Y.3    Russell, A.D.4
  • 11
    • 0034921408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of the BSAC standardization method of disc diffusion testing
    • Andrews JM. The development of the BSAC standardization method of disc diffusion testing. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48 (suppl S1): 29-42.
    • (2001) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.48 , Issue.SUPPL. S1 , pp. 29-42
    • Andrews, J.M.1
  • 12
    • 0032839678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial resistance and topical antimicrobial wash products
    • Jones RD. Bacterial resistance and topical antimicrobial wash products. Am J Infect Control 1999; 27: 351-63.
    • (1999) Am J Infect Control , vol.27 , pp. 351-363
    • Jones, R.D.1
  • 13
    • 0036093839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction of biocides into clinical practice and the impact on antibiotic resistance
    • Russell AD. Introduction of biocides into clinical practice and the impact on antibiotic resistance. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92: 121S-35S.
    • (2002) J Appl Microbiol , vol.92
    • Russell, A.D.1
  • 14
    • 0015993168 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial spectrum of triclosan, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent for topical application
    • Vischer WA, Regos J. Antimicrobial spectrum of triclosan, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent for topical application. Zentralbl Bakteriol [A] 1974; 226: 376-89.
    • (1974) Zentralbl Bakteriol [A] , vol.226 , pp. 376-389
    • Vischer, W.A.1    Regos, J.2
  • 15
    • 0037389825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-level triclosan resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is solely a result of efflux
    • Chuanchen R, Kirkhoff-Schweizer RR, Schweizer HP. High-level triclosan resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is solely a result of efflux. Am J Infect Control 2003; 31: 124-27.
    • (2003) Am J Infect Control , vol.31 , pp. 124-127
    • Chuanchen, R.1    Kirkhoff-Schweizer, R.R.2    Schweizer, H.P.3
  • 16
    • 0036096767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Products containing biocides: Perceptions and realities
    • Favero MS. Products containing biocides: perceptions and realities. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92: 72S-77S.
    • (2002) J Appl Microbiol , vol.92
    • Favero, M.S.1
  • 17
    • 0033370824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic and biocide resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
    • Suller MTE, Russell AD. Antibiotic and biocide resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. J Hosp Infect 1999; 43: 281-91.
    • (1999) J Hosp Infect , vol.43 , pp. 281-291
    • Suller, M.T.E.1    Russell, A.D.2
  • 18
    • 0033941656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triclosan and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
    • Suller MTE, Russell AD. Triclosan and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 46: 11-18.
    • (2000) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 11-18
    • Suller, M.T.E.1    Russell, A.D.2
  • 19
    • 0033004862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AN assessment of triclosan susceptibility in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
    • Bamber Al, Neal TJ. AN assessment of triclosan susceptibility in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. J Hosp Infect 1999; 41: 107-09.
    • (1999) J Hosp Infect , vol.41 , pp. 107-109
    • Bamber, A.I.1    Neal, T.J.2
  • 20
    • 0025870639 scopus 로고
    • Price MR Transferable resistance to triclosan in MRSA
    • Cookson BD, Farrelly H, Stapleton P, Garvey RP, Price MR Transferable resistance to triclosan in MRSA. Lancet 1991; 337:1548-49.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 1548-1549
    • Cookson, B.D.1    Farrelly, H.2    Stapleton, P.3    Garvey, R.P.4
  • 22
    • 0004268763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preface
    • Storz G, Hengge-Aronis R, eds. Washington DC: ASM Press
    • Storz G, Hengge-Aronis R. Preface. In: Storz G, Hengge-Aronis R, eds. Bacterial stress responses. Washington DC: ASM Press, 2000: xiii-xiv.
    • (2000) Bacterial Stress Responses
    • Storz, G.1    Hengge-Aronis, R.2
  • 23
    • 0002463721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress
    • Storz G, Hengge-Aronis R, eds. Washington DC: ASM Press
    • Storz G, Zheng M. Oxidative stress. In: Storz G, Hengge-Aronis R, eds. Bacterial stress responses. Washington DC: ASM Press, 2000:47-59.
    • (2000) Bacterial Stress Responses , pp. 47-59
    • Storz, G.1    Zheng, M.2
  • 24
    • 0036097521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofilms in vitro and in vivo: Do singular mechanisms imply cross-resistance?
    • Gilbert P, Allison DG, McBain AJ. Biofilms in vitro and in vivo: do singular mechanisms imply cross-resistance? J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92: 98S-110S.
    • (2002) J Appl Microbiol , vol.92
    • Gilbert, P.1    Allison, D.G.2    McBain, A.J.3
  • 26
    • 0033055847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic evidence that InhA of Mycobacterium smegmatis is a target for triclosan
    • McMurry LM, McDermott PF, Levy SB. Genetic evidence that InhA of Mycobacterium smegmatis is a target for triclosan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 711-13.
    • (1999) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.43 , pp. 711-713
    • McMurry, L.M.1    McDermott, P.F.2    Levy, S.B.3
  • 27
    • 0036239262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of antiseptics and disinfectants: An increasingly important area of investigation
    • Russell AD. Mechanisms of action of antiseptics and disinfectants: an increasingly important area of investigation. J Antimicrob Chdemother 2002; 49: 597-99.
    • (2002) J Antimicrob Chdemother , vol.49 , pp. 597-599
    • Russell, A.D.1
  • 28
    • 0036909151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biocides and pharmacologically active drugs as residues in the environment: Is there a correlation with antibiotic resistance?
    • Russell AD. Biocides and pharmacologically active drugs as residues in the environment: is there a correlation with antibiotic resistance? Am J Infect Control 2002; 30: 495-98.
    • (2002) Am J Infect Control , vol.30 , pp. 495-498
    • Russell, A.D.1
  • 29
    • 0035495687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A new model of antibiotic resistance
    • Hiramatsu K. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a new model of antibiotic resistance. Lancet Infect Dis 2001; 1: 147-55.
    • (2001) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.1 , pp. 147-155
    • Hiramatsu, K.1
  • 30
    • 0036098324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of antibiotic-resistant cocci to biocides
    • Fraise AP.Susceptibility of antibiotic-resistant cocci to biocides. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92:158S-62S.
    • (2002) J Appl Microbiol , vol.92
    • Fraise, A.P.1
  • 31
    • 0035086501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli lacking multidrug efflux pumps
    • Sulavik MC, Houseweart C, Cramer C, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli lacking multidrug efflux pumps. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 1126-36.
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 1126-1136
    • Sulavik, M.C.1    Houseweart, C.2    Cramer, C.3
  • 33
    • 0036090873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of bacterial biocide and antibiotic resistance
    • Poole K. Mechanisms of bacterial biocide and antibiotic resistance. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92: 55S-64S.
    • (2002) J Appl Microbiol , vol.92
    • Poole, K.1
  • 34
    • 0036094201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active efflux: A common mechanism for biocide and antibiotic resistance
    • Levy SB. Active efflux: a common mechanism for biocide and antibiotic resistance. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92: 65S-71S.
    • (2002) J Appl Microbiol , vol.92
    • Levy, S.B.1
  • 35
    • 0032490937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triclosan targets lipid synthesis
    • McMurry LM, Oethinger M, Levy SB. Triclosan targets lipid synthesis. Nature 1998; 394: 531-32.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 531-532
    • McMurry, L.M.1    Oethinger, M.2    Levy, S.B.3
  • 36
    • 0036841782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining and combating the mechanisms of triclosan resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus
    • Fan F, Yan K, Wallis GS, et al. Defining and combating the mechanisms of triclosan resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 3343-47.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 3343-3347
    • Fan, F.1    Yan, K.2    Wallis, G.S.3
  • 38
    • 0032817628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of resistance to chlorhexidine diacetate and cetylpyridinium chloride in Pseudomonas stutzeri and changes in antibiotic susceptibility
    • Tattawasart U, Maitlard J-Y, Furr JR, Russell AD. Development of resistance to chlorhexidine diacetate and cetylpyridinium chloride in Pseudomonas stutzeri and changes in antibiotic susceptibility. J Hosp Infect 1999; 42: 219-29.
    • (1999) J Hosp Infect , vol.42 , pp. 219-229
    • Tattawasart, U.1    Maitlard, J.-Y.2    Furr, J.R.3    Russell, A.D.4
  • 39
    • 0033727405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outer membrane changes in Pseudomonas stutzeri resistant to chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride
    • Tattawasart U, Maillard J-Y, Furr JR, Russell AD. Outer membrane changes in Pseudomonas stutzeri resistant to chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2000; 16: 233-38.
    • (2000) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.16 , pp. 233-238
    • Tattawasart, U.1    Maillard, J.-Y.2    Furr, J.R.3    Russell, A.D.4
  • 41
    • 0036094202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance of biocide use and antimicrobial resistance in domiciliary environments
    • Bloomfield SF. Significance of biocide use and antimicrobial resistance in domiciliary environments. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 2: 144S-57S.
    • (2002) J Appl Microbiol , vol.2
    • Bloomfield, S.F.1
  • 42
    • 0023191920 scopus 로고
    • Comparative sensitivity of hospital isolates of Gram-negative bacteria to antiseptics and disinfectants
    • Hammond SA, Morgan JR, Russell AD. Comparative sensitivity of hospital isolates of Gram-negative bacteria to antiseptics and disinfectants. J Hosp Infect 1987; 9: 255-64.
    • (1987) J Hosp Infect , vol.9 , pp. 255-264
    • Hammond, S.A.1    Morgan, J.R.2    Russell, A.D.3
  • 43
    • 0035139556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-resistance between triclosan and antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is mediated by multidrug efflux pumps: Exposure of a susceptible mutant strain to triclosan selects nfxb mutants overexpressing MexCD-OprJ
    • Chuanchen R, Beinlich K, Hoang TT, et al. Cross-resistance between triclosan and antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is mediated by multidrug efflux pumps: exposure of a susceptible mutant strain to triclosan selects nfxb mutants overexpressing MexCD-Opr J. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 428-32.
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 428-432
    • Chuanchen, R.1    Beinlich, K.2    Hoang, T.T.3
  • 44
    • 0035822555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triclosan: A widely used biocide and its link to antibiotics
    • Schweizer HP. Triclosan: a widely used biocide and its link to antibiotics. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 202: 1-7.
    • (2001) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.202 , pp. 1-7
    • Schweizer, H.P.1
  • 45
    • 0035382488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to antibiotics and biocides among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria
    • Higgins CS, Murtough SM, Williamson E, et al. Resistance to antibiotics and biocides among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria. Clin Microbiol Infect 2001; 7: 308-15.
    • (2001) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.7 , pp. 308-315
    • Higgins, C.S.1    Murtough, S.M.2    Williamson, E.3
  • 46
    • 0028047194 scopus 로고
    • Elimination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a neonatal intensive care unit after hand washing with triclosan
    • Webster J, Faoagali JL, Cartwright D. Elimination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a neonatal intensive care unit after hand washing with triclosan. J Paediatr Child Health 1994; 30; 59-64.
    • (1994) J Paediatr Child Health , vol.30 , pp. 59-64
    • Webster, J.1    Faoagali, J.L.2    Cartwright, D.3
  • 47
    • 0043031111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a chlorhexidine-containing mouthwash on the viability and antimicrobial susceptibility of in vitro oral bacterial ecosystems
    • McBain AJ, Bartolo RG, Catrenich CE, Charbonneau D, Ledder RG, Gilbert P. Effects of a chlorhexidine-containing mouthwash on the viability and antimicrobial susceptibility of in vitro oral bacterial ecosystems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69: 4770-76.
    • (2003) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.69 , pp. 4770-4776
    • McBain, A.J.1    Bartolo, R.G.2    Catrenich, C.E.3    Charbonneau, D.4    Ledder, R.G.5    Gilbert, P.6
  • 48
    • 0037398445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential impact of of increased use of biocides in consumer products on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance
    • Gilbert P, McBain A. Potential impact of of increased use of biocides in consumer products on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16: 189-208.
    • (2003) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.16 , pp. 189-208
    • Gilbert, P.1    McBain, A.2
  • 49
    • 0035909656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial use in animal feed-time to stop
    • Gorbach SL. Antimicrobial use in animal feed-time to stop. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1202-03.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1202-1203
    • Gorbach, S.L.1
  • 50
    • 0035909661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The isolation of antibiotic-resistant salmonella from retail ground meats
    • White DG, Zhao S, Sudler R, et al. The isolation of antibiotic-resistant salmonella from retail ground meats. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1147-54.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1147-1154
    • White, D.G.1    Zhao, S.2    Sudler, R.3
  • 51
    • 0035909655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quinopristin-dalfopristin-resistant Enterococcus faecium on chicken and in human stool specimens
    • McDonald LC, Rossiter S, Mackinson C, et al. Quinopristin-dalfopristin-resistant Enterococcus faecium on chicken and in human stool specimens. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1155-60.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1155-1160
    • McDonald, L.C.1    Rossiter, S.2    Mackinson, C.3
  • 52
    • 0036228505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofilms: Survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms
    • Donlan RM, Costerton JW. Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15: 167-93.
    • (2002) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 167-193
    • Donlan, R.M.1    Costerton, J.W.2
  • 53
    • 0036230576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial adhesion: Seen any good biofilms recently?
    • Dunne Jr WM. Bacterial adhesion: seen any good biofilms recently? Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15: 155-66.
    • (2002) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 155-166
    • Dunne Jr., W.M.1
  • 54
    • 0030738616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of adherence to silicone surfaces on antibiotic susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus
    • Williams I, Venables WA, Lloyd D, Paul F, Critchley I. The effects of adherence to silicone surfaces on antibiotic susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiology 1997; 143: 2407-13.
    • (1997) Microbiology , vol.143 , pp. 2407-2413
    • Williams, I.1    Venables, W.A.2    Lloyd, D.3    Paul, F.4    Critchley, I.5
  • 55
    • 0035859467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms
    • Stewart PS, Costerton JW. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms. Lancet 2001; 358: 135-38.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 135-138
    • Stewart, P.S.1    Costerton, J.W.2
  • 56
    • 0034914594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of resistance towards biocides following the attachment of microorganisms to, and growth on, surfaces
    • Gilbert P, Das JR, Jones MV, Allison DG. Assessment of resistance towards biocides following the attachment of microorganisms to, and growth on, surfaces. J Appl Microbiol 2001; 91: 248-54.
    • (2001) J Appl Microbiol , vol.91 , pp. 248-254
    • Gilbert, P.1    Das, J.R.2    Jones, M.V.3    Allison, D.G.4
  • 58
    • 0034975701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quorum sensing as a population-density determinant of bacteria] physiology
    • Swift S, Downie JA, Whitehead NA, et al. Quorum sensing as a population-density determinant of bacteria] physiology. Adv Microb Physiol 2001; 45: 199-270.
    • (2001) Adv Microb Physiol , vol.45 , pp. 199-270
    • Swift, S.1    Downie, J.A.2    Whitehead, N.A.3
  • 59
    • 0034752669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biocide use in the domestic setting and concern about aantibacterial and antibiotic resistance
    • Gilbert P, McBain AJ. Biocide use in the domestic setting and concern about aantibacterial and antibiotic resistance. J Infect 2001; 43: 85-91.
    • (2001) J Infect , vol.43 , pp. 85-91
    • Gilbert, P.1    McBain, A.J.2
  • 60
    • 0037226597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of antibiotic penetration, oxygen limitation and low metabolic activity to tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to ciprofloxacin and tobramycin
    • Walters MC III, Roe F, Bugnicourt A, et al. Contributions of antibiotic penetration, oxygen limitation and low metabolic activity to tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to ciprofloxacin and tobramycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47: 317-23.
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 317-323
    • Walters III, M.C.1    Roe, F.2    Bugnicourt, A.3
  • 61
    • 0029035034 scopus 로고
    • Non-uniform spatial patterns of respiratory activity within biofilms during disinfection
    • Huang CT, Fu YP, McFeters GA, Stewart PS. Non-uniform spatial patterns of respiratory activity within biofilms during disinfection. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61: 2252-56.
    • (1995) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.61 , pp. 2252-2256
    • Huang, C.T.1    Fu, Y.P.2    McFeters, G.A.3    Stewart, P.S.4
  • 62
    • 0034079907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the potential role of the multiple antibiotic resistance operon (mar) and the multidrug efflux pump acrAB in the resistance of escherichia coli biofilms towards ciprofloxacin
    • Maira-Litran T, Allison DG, Gilbert P. An evaluation of the potential role of the multiple antibiotic resistance operon (mar) and the multidrug efflux pump acrAB in the resistance of escherichia coli biofilms towards ciprofloxacin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 45: 789-95.
    • (2000) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 789-795
    • Maira-Litran, T.1    Allison, D.G.2    Gilbert, P.3
  • 64
    • 0033819140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death in bacteria
    • Lewis K. Programmed cell death in bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 64: 503-14.
    • Microbiol Mol Biol Rev , vol.64 , pp. 503-514
    • Lewis, K.1
  • 65
    • 0035173818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofilms and planktonic cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have similar resistance to killing by antimicrobials
    • Spoering AL, Lewis K. Biofilms and planktonic cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have similar resistance to killing by antimicrobials. J Bacteriol 2001; 183: 6746-51.
    • (2001) J Bacteriol , vol.183 , pp. 6746-6751
    • Spoering, A.L.1    Lewis, K.2
  • 66
    • 0035950145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
    • Whiteley M, Bangera MG, Bumgarner RE, et al. Gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Nature 2001; 413; 860-64.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 860-864
    • Whiteley, M.1    Bangera, M.G.2    Bumgarner, R.E.3
  • 67
    • 12244293832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of MexAB-OprM and an EmrE homolog to intrinsic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aminoglycosides and dyes
    • Li X-Z, Poole K, Nikaido H. Contributions of MexAB-OprM and an EmrE homolog to intrinsic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aminoglycosides and dyes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother2003; 47: 27-33.
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 27-33
    • Li, X.-Z.1    Poole, K.2    Nikaido, H.3
  • 68
    • 0032762848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactams caused by mutations conferring resistance to benzalkonium chloride, a disinfectant widely used in hospitals
    • Akimutsu N, Hamomoto H, Inoue R, et al. Increase in resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactams caused by mutations conferring resistance to benzalkonium chloride, a disinfectant widely used in hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 3042-43.
    • (1999) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.43 , pp. 3042-3043
    • Akimutsu, N.1    Hamomoto, H.2    Inoue, R.3
  • 69
    • 0032529948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • mar A, soxS or acrAB produces resistance in laboratory and clinical strains of Escherichia coli
    • McMurry LM, Oethinger M, Levy SB. mar A, soxS or acrAB produces resistance in laboratory and clinical strains of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 166: 305-09.
    • (1999) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.166 , pp. 305-309
    • McMurry, L.M.1    Oethinger, M.2    Levy, S.B.3
  • 70
    • 0026705772 scopus 로고
    • The catalase-peroxide gene and isoniazid resistance
    • Zhang Y, Heym B, Allan B, Young D, Cole S. The catalase-peroxide gene and isoniazid resistance. Nature 1992; 358: 591-93.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , pp. 591-593
    • Zhang, Y.1    Heym, B.2    Allan, B.3    Young, D.4    Cole, S.5
  • 71
    • 0028156861 scopus 로고
    • InhA, a gene encoding a target for isoniazid and ethionamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Bannerjee A, Dubnau E, Quemard A, et al. InhA, a gene encoding a target for isoniazid and ethionamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Science 1994; 263: 227-30.
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 227-230
    • Bannerjee, A.1    Dubnau, E.2    Quemard, A.3
  • 72
    • 0036718615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of disinfectant resistance genes and genetic linkage with β-lactamase transposon Tn 552 among clinical staphylococci
    • Sidhu MS, Heir E, Leegaard T, Wiger K, Holck E, Frequency of disinfectant resistance genes and genetic linkage with β-lactamase transposon Tn 552 among clinical staphylococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 2797-803.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 2797-2803
    • Sidhu, M.S.1    Heir, E.2    Leegaard, T.3    Wiger, K.4    Holck, E.5
  • 73
    • 0033001706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The qacG gene on plasmid pST94 confers resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in staphylococci isolated from the food industry
    • Heir E, Sundheim G, Holck AL. The qacG gene on plasmid pST94 confers resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in staphylococci isolated from the food industry. J Appl Microbiol 1999; 86: 378-88.
    • (1999) J Appl Microbiol , vol.86 , pp. 378-388
    • Heir, E.1    Sundheim, G.2    Holck, A.L.3
  • 74
    • 0034752848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmid-borne smr gene causes resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in bovine Staphylococcus aureus
    • Bjorland J, Sunde M, Waage S. Plasmid-borne smr gene causes resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in bovine Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 3999-4004.
    • (2001) J Clin Microbiol , vol.39 , pp. 3999-4004
    • Bjorland, J.1    Sunde, M.2    Waage, S.3
  • 75
    • 0035700727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic linkage between resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds and β-lactam antibiotics in food-related Staphylococcus spp
    • Sidhu MS, Heir E, Sorum H, Holck A. Genetic linkage between resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds and β-lactam antibiotics in food-related Staphylococcus spp. Microb Drug Resist 2001; 7: 363-71.
    • (2001) Microb Drug Resist , vol.7 , pp. 363-371
    • Sidhu, M.S.1    Heir, E.2    Sorum, H.3    Holck, A.4
  • 76
    • 0036839753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organization of the antiseptic resistance gene qacA and Tn552-related β-lactamase genes in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains of animal amd human origin
    • Anthonisen I-L, Sunde M, Steimum TM, Sidhu MS, Sorum H. Organization of the antiseptic resistance gene qacA and Tn552-related β-lactamase genes in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains of animal amd human origin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 3606-12.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 3606-3612
    • Anthonisen, I.-L.1    Sunde, M.2    Steimum, T.M.3    Sidhu, M.S.4    Sorum, H.5
  • 77
    • 0027408932 scopus 로고
    • Topology, structure and evolution of two families of proteins involved in antibiotic resistance and antiseptic resistance in eukaryotes-an analysis
    • Paulsen IT, Skurray RA. Topology, structure and evolution of two families of proteins involved in antibiotic resistance and antiseptic resistance in eukaryotes-an analysis. Gene 1993; 124: 1-11.
    • (1993) Gene , vol.124 , pp. 1-11
    • Paulsen, I.T.1    Skurray, R.A.2
  • 78
    • 0026080129 scopus 로고
    • Chlorhexidine resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusorjust an elevated MIC? An in vitro and in vivo assessment
    • Cookson BD, Bolton MC, Platt JH. Chlorhexidine resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusorjust an elevated MIC? An in vitro and in vivo assessment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991; 35: 1997-2002.
    • (1991) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.35 , pp. 1997-2002
    • Cookson, B.D.1    Bolton, M.C.2    Platt, J.H.3
  • 79
    • 0034982853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of the antiseptic resistance genes qacA, qacB and qacC in 497 methicillin-resistant European isolates of Staphylococcus aureus
    • Mayer S, Boos M, Beter A, Fluit AC, Schmitz F-J. Distribution of the antiseptic resistance genes qacA, qacB and qacC in 497 methicillin-resistant European isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 47: 896-97.
    • (2001) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 896-897
    • Mayer, S.1    Boos, M.2    Beter, A.3    Fluit, A.C.4    Schmitz, F.-J.5
  • 80
    • 0002878586 scopus 로고
    • Activity of four antiseptics (acriflavine, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine digluconate and hexamidine di-isethionate) and of ethidium bromide on 392 strains representing 26 Staphylococcus species
    • Reverdy ME, Bes M, Nervi C, Martra A, Fleurette J. Activity of four antiseptics (acriflavine, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine digluconate and hexamidine di-isethionate) and of ethidium bromide on 392 strains representing 26 Staphylococcus species. Med Microbiol Lett 1992; 1: 56-63.
    • (1992) Med Microbiol Lett , vol.1 , pp. 56-63
    • Reverdy, M.E.1    Bes, M.2    Nervi, C.3    Martra, A.4    Fleurette, J.5
  • 81
    • 0027957371 scopus 로고
    • Substrates and inhibitors of antiseptic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
    • Sasatsu M, Shidata Y, Noguchi N, Kono M. Substrates and inhibitors of antiseptic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Biol Pharm Bull 1994; 17: 163-65.
    • (1994) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.17 , pp. 163-165
    • Sasatsu, M.1    Shidata, Y.2    Noguchi, N.3    Kono, M.4
  • 82
    • 0031749891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristaics of the earliest known Staphylococcus aureus plasmid encoding a multidrug efflux system
    • Paulsen IT, Brown MH, Skurray RA. Characteristaics of the earliest known Staphylococcus aureus plasmid encoding a multidrug efflux system. J Bacteriol 1998; 180: 3477-79.
    • (1998) J Bacteriol , vol.180 , pp. 3477-3479
    • Paulsen, I.T.1    Brown, M.H.2    Skurray, R.A.3
  • 83
    • 0034007314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triclosan: A review of effectiveness and safety in health care settings
    • Jones RD, Jampani HB, Neman JL, Lee AS. Triclosan: a review of effectiveness and safety in health care settings. Am J Infect Control 2000; 28: 184-96.
    • (2000) Am J Infect Control , vol.28 , pp. 184-196
    • Jones, R.D.1    Jampani, H.B.2    Neman, J.L.3    Lee, A.S.4
  • 84
    • 0035339126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of multidrug efflux pumps to multiple antibiotic resistance in veterinary isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Beinlich KI, Chuanchen R, Schweizer HP. Contribution of multidrug efflux pumps to multiple antibiotic resistance in veterinary isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 198: 129-34.
    • (2001) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.198 , pp. 129-134
    • Beinlich, K.I.1    Chuanchen, R.2    Schweizer, H.P.3
  • 86
    • 0036093544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria to biocides: A perspective from the study of catheter biofilms
    • Stickler DJ. Susceptibility of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria to biocides: a perspective from the study of catheter biofilms. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92: 163S-70S.
    • (2002) J Appl Microbiol , vol.92
    • Stickler, D.J.1
  • 87
    • 0036595214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance as an indicator of bactertial chlorhexidine susceptibility
    • Koljalj S, Naaber P, Mikelsaar M. Antibiotic resistance as an indicator of bactertial chlorhexidine susceptibility. J Hosp Infect 2002; 51: 106-13.
    • (2002) J Hosp Infect , vol.51 , pp. 106-113
    • Koljalj, S.1    Naaber, P.2    Mikelsaar, M.3
  • 88
    • 0035206976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationships and susceptibilities of some industrial, laboratory and clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa to some antibiotics and biocides
    • Lambert RJW, Joynson J, Forbes B. The relationships and susceptibilities of some industrial, laboratory and clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa to some antibiotics and biocides. J Appl Microbiol 2001; 91: 972-84.
    • (2001) J Appl Microbiol , vol.91 , pp. 972-984
    • Lambert, R.J.W.1    Joynson, J.2    Forbes, B.3
  • 89
    • 0036280950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive resistance to benzalkonium chloride, amikacin and tobramycin: The effect on susceptibility to other antimicrobials
    • Joynson JA, Forbes B, Lambert RJW. Adaptive resistance to benzalkonium chloride, amikacin and tobramycin: the effect on susceptibility to other antimicrobials. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 93: 96-106.
    • (2002) J Appl Microbiol , vol.93 , pp. 96-106
    • Joynson, J.A.1    Forbes, B.2    Lambert, R.J.W.3
  • 93
    • 0036955396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible implications of biocide accumulation in the environment on the prevalence of bacterial antibiotic resistance
    • McBain AJ, Rickard AH, Gilbert P. Possible implications of biocide accumulation in the environment on the prevalence of bacterial antibiotic resistance. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2002; 29: 326-30.
    • (2002) J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol , vol.29 , pp. 326-330
    • McBain, A.J.1    Rickard, A.H.2    Gilbert, P.3
  • 95
    • 0036840577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological cost of rifampicin resistance from the perspective of Staphylococcus aureus
    • Wichelhaus TA, Boddinghaus B, Besier S, et al. Biological cost of rifampicin resistance from the perspective of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 3381-85.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 3381-3385
    • Wichelhaus, T.A.1    Boddinghaus, B.2    Besier, S.3
  • 96
    • 0035101909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance in the absence of selective pressure
    • Gillespie SH. Antibiotic resistance in the absence of selective pressure. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2001; 17: 171-76.
    • (2001) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.17 , pp. 171-176
    • Gillespie, S.H.1
  • 97
    • 0028291689 scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of a plasmid-encoded, host genotype-specific enhancement of bacterial fitness
    • Lenski RE, Simpson SC, Nguyen TT. Genetic analysis of a plasmid-encoded, host genotype-specific enhancement of bacterial fitness. J Bacteriol 1994; 176: 3140-47.
    • (1994) J Bacteriol , vol.176 , pp. 3140-3147
    • Lenski, R.E.1    Simpson, S.C.2    Nguyen, T.T.3
  • 98
    • 0030839556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to the fitness costs of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli
    • Schrag SJ, Perrot V, Levin BR. Adaptation to the fitness costs of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1997; 264: 1287-91.
    • (1997) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.264 , pp. 1287-1291
    • Schrag, S.J.1    Perrot, V.2    Levin, B.R.3
  • 99
    • 0033754403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of fitness of two isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of which had developed multi-drug resistance during the course of treatment
    • Davies A, Billington O, Bannister BA, et al. Comparison of fitness of two isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of which had developed multi-drug resistance during the course of treatment. J Infect 2000; 41: 184-87.
    • (2000) J Infect , vol.41 , pp. 184-187
    • Davies, A.1    Billington, O.2    Bannister, B.A.3
  • 100
    • 0012503693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation under stress: Adaptive mutation in Escherichia coli
    • Storz G, Hengge-Aronis R, eds. Washington, DC: ASM Press
    • Roche WA, Foster PL. Mutation under stress: adaptive mutation in Escherichia coli. In: Storz G, Hengge-Aronis R, eds. Bacterial stress responses. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2000: 239-48.
    • (2000) Bacterial Stress Responses , pp. 239-248
    • Roche, W.A.1    Foster, P.L.2
  • 101
    • 0002345233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term survival and evolution in the stationary phase
    • Storz G, Hengge-Aronis R, eds. Washington, DC: ASM Press
    • Finkel SE, Zinser ER, Kolter R. Long-term survival and evolution in the stationary phase. In: Storz G, Hengge-Aronis R, eds. Bacterial stress responses. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2000: 231-38.
    • (2000) Bacterial Stress Responses , pp. 231-238
    • Finkel, S.E.1    Zinser, E.R.2    Kolter, R.3
  • 102
    • 0034992656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biocides, drug resistance and microbial evolution
    • White DG, McDermott PF. Biocides, drug resistance and microbial evolution. Curr Opin Microbiol 2001; 4: 313-17.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.4 , pp. 313-317
    • White, D.G.1    McDermott, P.F.2
  • 104
    • 0025886712 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory and in-vitro testing of skin antiseptics: A prediction for in-vivo activity
    • Baquero F, Patron C, Canton C, Ferrer MM. Laboratory and in-vitro testing of skin antiseptics: a prediction for in-vivo activity. J Hosp Infect 1991; 18 (suppl B): 5-11.
    • (1991) J Hosp Infect , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. B , pp. 5-11
    • Baquero, F.1    Patron, C.2    Canton, C.3    Ferrer, M.M.4
  • 105
    • 0030030708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reasons for the emergence of antibiotic resistance
    • Tenover FC, McGowen JE. Reasons for the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Am J Med Sci 1996; 311: 9-16.
    • (1996) Am J Med Sci , vol.311 , pp. 9-16
    • Tenover, F.C.1    McGowen, J.E.2
  • 106
    • 0037243551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity and mechanisms of action of selected biocidal agents on Gram-positive and -negative bacteria
    • Walsh SE, Maillard J-Y, Russell AD, et al. Activity and mechanisms of action of selected biocidal agents on Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 94: 240-47.
    • (2003) J Appl Microbiol , vol.94 , pp. 240-247
    • Walsh, S.E.1    Maillard, J.-Y.2    Russell, A.D.3
  • 107
    • 0038267950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disinfection and the prevention of infectious disease
    • Cozad A, Jones RD. Disinfection and the prevention of infectious disease. Am J Infect Control 2003; 31: 243-54.
    • (2003) Am J Infect Control , vol.31 , pp. 243-254
    • Cozad, A.1    Jones, R.D.2
  • 108
    • 0034942099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biocide rotation in the healthcare setting: Is there a case for policy implementation?
    • Murtough SM, Hiom SJ, Palmer M, Russell AD. Biocide rotation in the healthcare setting: is there a case for policy implementation? J Hosp Infect 2001; 48: 1-6.
    • (2001) J Hosp Infect , vol.48 , pp. 1-6
    • Murtough, S.M.1    Hiom, S.J.2    Palmer, M.3    Russell, A.D.4
  • 109
    • 0033772860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to antimicrobial agents: Can we make a difference?
    • Chambers ST. Resistance to antimicrobial agents: can we make a difference? Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rey 2000; 19: 207-21.
    • (2000) Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rey , vol.19 , pp. 207-221
    • Chambers, S.T.1
  • 110
    • 0035132204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak in a burns unit-an infection control study
    • Douglas MW, Mulholland K, Denyer V, Gottlieb T. Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak in a burns unit-an infection control study. Burns 2001; 27: 131-35.
    • (2001) Burns , vol.27 , pp. 131-135
    • Douglas, M.W.1    Mulholland, K.2    Denyer, V.3    Gottlieb, T.4
  • 111
    • 0035916299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance in the intensive care unit
    • Kollef MH, Fraser VJ. Antibiotic resistance in the intensive care unit. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 299-314.
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.134 , pp. 299-314
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Fraser, V.J.2
  • 112
    • 0036631718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between intensity of chlorhexidine and microorganisms of reduced susceptibility in a hospital environment
    • Block C, Furman M. Association between intensity of chlorhexidine and microorganisms of reduced susceptibility in a hospital environment. J Hosp Infect 2002; 51: 201-06.
    • (2002) J Hosp Infect , vol.51 , pp. 201-206
    • Block, C.1    Furman, M.2
  • 113
    • 0036550186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The higher disinfectant resistance of nosocomial isolates of Klebsiella oxytoca: How reliable are indicator organisms in disinfectant testing?
    • Gebel J, Sonntag HG, Werner HP, et al. The higher disinfectant resistance of nosocomial isolates of Klebsiella oxytoca: how reliable are indicator organisms in disinfectant testing? J Hosp Infect 2002; 50: 309-11.
    • (2002) J Hosp Infect , vol.50 , pp. 309-311
    • Gebel, J.1    Sonntag, H.G.2    Werner, H.P.3
  • 114
    • 0036239234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa adapted to benzalkonium chloride show resistance to other membrane-active agents but not to clinically relevant antibiotics
    • Loughlin MF, Jones MV, Lambert PA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa adapted to benzalkonium chloride show resistance to other membrane-active agents but not to clinically relevant antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 46: 631-39.
    • (2002) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 631-639
    • Loughlin, M.F.1    Jones, M.V.2    Lambert, P.A.3
  • 115
    • 0033743384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic and antiseptic resistance: Impact on public health
    • Levy SB. Antibiotic and antiseptic resistance: impact on public health. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19: S120-S22.
    • (2000) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.19
    • Levy, S.B.1
  • 116
    • 0034897364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial household products: Cause for concern
    • Levy SB. Antibacterial household products: cause for concern. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7 (suppl 3): 512-15.
    • (2001) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 512-515
    • Levy, S.B.1
  • 117
    • 0035014218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro evaluation of the risk of developing bacterial resistance to antiseptics and antibiotics used in medical devices
    • Tambe SM, Sampath L, Modak SM. In vitro evaluation of the risk of developing bacterial resistance to antiseptics and antibiotics used in medical devices. J Antimicrob Chemotherapy 2001; 47: 589-98.
    • (2001) J Antimicrob Chemotherapy , vol.47 , pp. 589-598
    • Tambe, S.M.1    Sampath, L.2    Modak, S.M.3
  • 118
    • 0036156465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antibacterial activity of triclosan-impregnated storage boxes against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Shewanella putrefaciens in conditions simulating domestic use
    • Braid JJ, Wale MCJ. The antibacterial activity of triclosan-impregnated storage boxes against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Shewanella putrefaciens in conditions simulating domestic use. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 49: 87-94.
    • (2002) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 87-94
    • Braid, J.J.1    Wale, M.C.J.2
  • 119
    • 0030998168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro enhancement of antibiotic resistance development-interaction of residue levels of pesticides and antibiotics
    • Bordas AC, Brady MS, Siewierski M, Katz SE. In vitro enhancement of antibiotic resistance development-interaction of residue levels of pesticides and antibiotics. J Food Prot 1997; 60: 531-36.
    • (1997) J Food Prot , vol.60 , pp. 531-536
    • Bordas, A.C.1    Brady, M.S.2    Siewierski, M.3    Katz, S.E.4
  • 120
    • 0030809884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection of multi-antibiotic-resistant (Mar) mutants of Escherichia coli by using the disinfectant pine oil: Roles of the mar and acrAB loci
    • Moken MC, McMurry LM, Levy SB. Selection of multi-antibiotic-resistant (Mar) mutants of Escherichia coli by using the disinfectant pine oil: roles of the mar and acrAB loci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41: 2770-72.
    • (1997) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.41 , pp. 2770-2772
    • Moken, M.C.1    McMurry, L.M.2    Levy, S.B.3
  • 121
    • 0032052401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing bacterial resistance to preswervatives and disinfectants
    • Chapman JS. Characterizing bacterial resistance to preswervatives and disinfectants. Int Biodet Biodeg 1998; 41: 241-45.
    • (1998) Int Biodet Biodeg , vol.41 , pp. 241-245
    • Chapman, J.S.1
  • 123
    • 0036041660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmetics. What is their influence on the skin microflora?
    • Holland KT Bojar RA. Cosmetics. What is their influence on the skin microflora? Am J Clin Dermatol 2002; 3: 445-49.
    • (2002) Am J Clin Dermatol , vol.3 , pp. 445-449
    • Holland, K.T.1    Bojar, R.A.2
  • 124
    • 0344547183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shifting the emphasis: Are biocides safer?
    • Russell AD. Shifting the emphasis: are biocides safer? Ann Dermatol Venereol 2002; 129: 1486.
    • (2002) Ann Dermatol Venereol , vol.129 , pp. 1486
    • Russell, A.D.1
  • 125
    • 0035037268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hygiene of the skin: When is clean too clean?
    • Larson E. Hygiene of the skin: when is clean too clean? Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7: 225-30.
    • (2001) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 225-230
    • Larson, E.1
  • 126
    • 0035992362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms
    • Stewart PS. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms. Int J Med Microbiol 2002; 292: 107-13.
    • (2002) Int J Med Microbiol , vol.292 , pp. 107-113
    • Stewart, P.S.1
  • 127
    • 0036236077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between biocide cationic agents and bacterial biofilms
    • Campanac C, Pineau, Payard A, et al. Interactions between biocide cationic agents and bacterial biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 1469-74.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 1469-1474
    • Campanac, C.1    Pineau2    Payard, A.3
  • 128
    • 0034644010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A triclosan-resistant bacterial enzyme
    • Heath RJ, Rock CO. A triclosan-resistant bacterial enzyme. Nature 2000; 406: 145-46.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 145-146
    • Heath, R.J.1    Rock, C.O.2
  • 129
    • 0035899889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp denitrificans inactivate triclosan in liquid and solid substrates
    • Meade MJ, Waddell RL, Callahan TM. Soil bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp denitrificans inactivate triclosan in liquid and solid substrates. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 204: 45-48.
    • (2001) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.204 , pp. 45-48
    • Meade, M.J.1    Waddell, R.L.2    Callahan, T.M.3
  • 130
    • 0034630092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quaternary ammomium, stresses induce a specific variations in fatty acid composition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Guertin-Mechin L, Dubois-Brissonnet, Heyd B, Leveau JY. Quaternary ammomium, stresses induce a specific variations in fatty acid composition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Food Microbiol 2000; 55: 157-59.
    • (2000) Int J Food Microbiol , vol.55 , pp. 157-159
    • Guertin-Mechin, L.1    Dubois-Brissonnet2    Heyd, B.3    Leveau, J.Y.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.