Advances in pulmonary therapy and drug development: Lung tissue engineering to lung-on-a-chip

Biotechnology Advances

Volumn 34, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 588-596

  Doryab, Ali ^a   Amoabediny, Ghassem ^a   Salehi Najafabadi, Amir ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN   (Iran)

Author keywords

Decellularization; Lung; Lung tissue engineering; Lung on a chip; Scaffold

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL ORGANS; CELL ENGINEERING; DIAGNOSIS; MICROFLUIDICS; PATIENT TREATMENT; PULMONARY DISEASES; SCAFFOLDS; SCAFFOLDS (BIOLOGY); TISSUE;

DECELLULARIZATION; DRUG DEVELOPMENT; ENGINEERED TISSUES; FUNCTION ANALYSIS; LUNG; LUNG TRANSPLANTATION; LUNG-ON-A-CHIP; MICROFLUIDICS DEVICES;

TISSUE ENGINEERING;

BIOENGINEERING; CAUSE OF DEATH; DRUG DEVELOPMENT; IMMUNE SYSTEM; RESPIRATORY DISEASE; TOXICITY TEST;

ANIMAL; CELL CULTURE; CYTOLOGY; DRUG DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN; LUNG; LUNG DISEASE; MICROFLUIDIC ANALYSIS; MOUSE; PHYSIOLOGY; TISSUE ENGINEERING; TISSUE MICROARRAY; TISSUE SCAFFOLD;

ANIMALS; CELLS, CULTURED; DRUG DISCOVERY; HUMANS; LUNG; LUNG DISEASES; MICE; MICROFLUIDIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; TISSUE ARRAY ANALYSIS; TISSUE ENGINEERING; TISSUE SCAFFOLDS;

EID: 84958291918     PISSN: 07349750     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.02.006     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Amoabediny, G., Heli, B., Salehi-Nik, N., The Role of Biodegradable Engineered Scaffold in Tissue Engineering. 2011, INTECH Open Access Publisher.
2. Andrade, C.F., Wong, A.P., Waddell, T.K., Keshavjee, S., Liu, M., Cell-based tissue engineering for lung regeneration. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 292 (2007), L510–L518, 10.1152/ajplung.00175.2006.
3. Balestrini, J.L., Gard, A.L., Liu, A., Leiby, K.L., Schwan, J., Kunkemoeller, B., Calle, E.A., Sivarapatna, A., Lin, T., Dimitrievska, S., Cambpell, S.G., Niklason, L.E., Production of decellularized porcine lung scaffolds for use in tissue engineering. Integr. Biol. 7 (2015), 1598–1610, 10.1039/C5IB00063G.
4. Berthier, E., Young, E.W.K., Beebe, D., Engineers are from PDMS-land, biologists are from polystyrenia. Lab Chip, 12, 2012, 1224, 10.1039/c2lc20982a.
5. Bonenfant, N.R., Sokocevic, D., Wagner, D.E., Borg, Z.D., Lathrop, M.J., Lam, Y.W., Deng, B., DeSarno, M.J., Ashikaga, T., Loi, R., Weiss, D.J., The effects of storage and sterilization on de-cellularized and re-cellularized whole lung. Biomaterials 34 (2013), 3231–3245, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.031.
6. Bonenfanta, N.R., Sokocevica, D., Wagnera, D.E., Borga, Z.D., Lathropa, M., Lamb, Y.W., Dengb, B., DeSarnoc, M., Ashikagac, T., Loid, R., Weiss, D.J., The effects of storage and sterilization on de-cellularized and re-cellularized whole lung. Biomaterials 34 (2013), 3231–3245.
7. Bonvillain, R.W., Danchuk, S., Sullivan, D.E., Gregory, A.N., Wang, G., Townley, I.K., Borg, Z.D., Weiss, D.J., Bunnell, B.A., A nonhuman primate model of lung regeneration: detergent-mediated decellularization and initial in vitro recellularization with mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng. A 18 (2012), 2437–2452.
8. Bonvillain, R.W., Scarritt, M.E., Pashos, N.C., Mayeux, J.P., Meshberger, C.L., Betancourt, A.M., Sullivan, D.E., Bunnell, B.A., Nonhuman primate lung decellularization and recellularization using a specialized large-organ bioreactor. J. Vis. Exp., 2013, e50825, 10.3791/50825.
9. Booth, A.J., Hadley, R., Cornett, A.M., Dreffs, A.A., Matthes, S.A., Tsui, J.L., Weiss, K., Horowitz, J.C., Fiore, V.F., Barker, T.H., Moore, B.B., Martinez, F.J., Niklason, L.E., White, E.S., Acellular normal and fibrotic human lung matrices as a culture system for in vitro investigation. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 186 (2012), 866–876, 10.1164/rccm.201204-0754OC.
10. Cazzola, M., Lipsi, R., Segreti, A., Calzetta, L., Rogliani, P., The clinical use of regenerative therapy in COPD. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis., 9, 2014, 1389, 10.2147/COPD.S49519.
11. Charest, J.M., Okamoto, T., Kitano, K., Yasuda, A., Gilpin, S.E., Mathisen, D.J., Ott, H.C., Design and validation of a clinical-scale bioreactor for long-term isolated lung culture. Biomaterials 52 (2015), 79–87, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.016.
12. Chen, P., Marsilio, E., Goldstein, R.H., Yannas, I.V., Spector, M., Formation of lung alveolar-like structures in collagen — glycosaminoglycan scaffolds in vitro. Tissue Eng. 11 (2005), 1436–1448.
13. Cortiella, J., Nichols, J.E., Kojima, K., Bonassar, L.J., Dargon, P., Roy, A.K., Vacant, M.P., Niles, J.A., Vacanti, C.A., Tissue-engineered lung: an in vivo and in vitro comparison of polyglycolic acid and pluronic F-127 hydrogel/somatic lung progenitor cell constructs to support tissue growth. Tissue Eng. 12 (2006), 1213–1225, 10.1089/ten.2006.12.ft-71.
14. Cortiella, J., Niles, J., Cantu, A., Brettler, A., Pham, A., Vargas, G., Winston, S., Wang, J., Walls, S., Nichols, J.E., Influence of acellular natural lung matrix on murine embryonic stem cell differentiation and tissue formation. Tissue Eng. A 16 (2010), 2565–2580, 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0730.
15. Crabbé, A., Liu, Y., Sarker, S.F., Bonenfant, N.R., Barrila, J., Borg, Z.D., Lee, J.J., Weiss, D.J., Nickerson, C.A., Recellularization of decellularized lung scaffolds is enhanced by dynamic suspension culture. PLoS One, 10, 2015, e0126846, 10.1371/journal.pone.0126846.
16. de Souza Carvalho, C., Daum, N., Lehr, C.-M., Carrier interactions with the biological barriers of the lung: advanced in vitro models and challenges for pulmonary drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 75 (2014), 129–140, 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.014.
17. Douglas, W.H., Moorman, G.W., Teel, R.W., The formation of histotypic structures from monodisperse fetal rat lung cells cultured on a three-dimensional substrate. In Vitro 12 (1976), 373–381, 10.1007/BF02796315.
18. Esch, E.W., Bahinski, A., Huh, D., Organs-on-chips at the frontiers of drug discovery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 14 (2015), 248–260, 10.1038/nrd4539.
19. Ghaedi, M., Mendez, J.J., Bove, P.F., Sivarapatna, A., Sam, M., Raredon, B., Niklason, L.E., Alveolar epithelial differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells in a rotating bioreactor. Biomaterials 35 (2014), 699–710.
20. Ghanei, M., Nezhad, L.H., Harandi, A.A., Alaeddini, F., Shohrati, M., Aslani, J., Combination therapy for airflow limitation in COPD. DARU J. Pharm. Sci., 2012, 10.1186/2008-2231-20-6.
21. Gilpin, S.E., Guyette, J.P., Gonzalez, G., Ren, X., Asara, J.M., Mathisen, D.J., Vacanti, J.P., Ott, H.C., Perfusion decellularization of human and porcine lungs: bringing the matrix to clinical scale. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 33 (2014), 298–308, 10.1016/j.healun.2013.10.030.
22. Hill, R.C., Calle, E.A., Dzieciatkowska, M., Niklason, L.E., Hansen, K.C., Quantification of extracellular matrix proteins from a rat lung scaffold to provide a molecular readout for tissue engineering. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 14 (2015), 961–973, 10.1074/mcp.M114.045260.
23. Hou, H.-S., Tsai, H.-F., Chiu, H.-T., Cheng, J.-Y., Simultaneous chemical and electrical stimulation on lung cancer cells using a multichannel-dual-electric-field chip. Biomicrofluidics, 8, 2014, 052007, 10.1063/1.4896296.
24. Huh, D. (Dan), A human breathing lung-on-a-chip. Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc. 12 (2015), S42–S44, 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201410-442MG.
25. Huh, D., Fujioka, H., Tung, Y.-C., Futai, N., Paine, R., Grotberg, J.B., Takayama, S., Acoustically detectable cellular-level lung injury induced by fluid mechanical stresses in microfluidic airway systems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104 (2007), 18886–18891, 10.1073/pnas.0610868104.
26. Huh, D., Matthews, B.D., Mammoto, A., Montoya-Zavala, M., Hsin, H.Y., Ingber, D.E., Reconstituting organ-level lung functions on a chip. Science 328 (2010), 1662–1668, 10.1126/science.1188302.
27. Huh, D., Hamilton, G.A., Ingber, D.E., From 3D cell culture to organs-on-chips. Trends Cell Biol. 21 (2011), 745–754, 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.09.005.
28. Huh, D., Leslie, D.C., Matthews, B.D., Fraser, J.P., Jurek, S., Hamilton, G.A., Thorneloe, K.S., Mcalexander, M.A., Ingber, D.E., BIOENGINEERING A Human Disease Model of Drug Toxicity — Induced Pulmonary Edema in a Lung-on-a-Chip Microdevice., 4, 2012, 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004249.
29. Huh, D., Kim, H.J., Fraser, J.P., Shea, D.E., Khan, M., Bahinski, A., Hamilton, G.A., Ingber, D.E., Microfabrication of human organs-on-chips. Nat. Protoc. 8 (2013), 2135–2157, 10.1038/nprot.2013.137.
30. −/− embryos. Dev. Dyn. 233 (2005), 772–782, 10.1002/dvdy.20381.
31. Inanlou, M.-R., Baguma-Nibasheka, M., Kablar, B., The Role of Fetal Breathing-like Movements in Lung Organogenesis. 2005.
32. Jensen, T., Roszell, B., Zang, F., Girard, E., Matson, A., Thrall, R., Jaworski, D.M., Hatton, C., Weiss, D.J., Finck, C., A rapid lung de-cellularization protocol supports embryonic stem cell differentiation in vitro and following implantation. Tissue Eng. C 18 (2012), 632–646.
33. Kimura, H., Ikeda, T., Nakayama, H., Sakai, Y., Fujii, T., An on-chip small intestine-liver model for pharmacokinetic studies. J. Lab. Autom., 2014, 10.1177/2211068214557812.
34. Kotloff, R.M., Risk stratification of lung transplant candidates: implications for organ allocation. Ann. Intern. Med., 2013, 10.7326/0003-4819-158-9-201305070-00011.
35. Kotloff, R.M., Thabut, G., Lung transplantation. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2011, 10.1164/rccm.201101-0134CI.
36. Kreider, M., Hadjiliadis, D., Kotloff, R.M., Candidate selection, timing of listing, and choice of procedure for lung transplantation. Clin. Chest Med., 2011, 10.1016/j.ccm.2011.02.001.
37. Kuddannaya, S., Chuah, Y.J., Lee, M.H.A., Menon, N.V., Kang, Y., Zhang, Y., Surface chemical modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) for the enhanced adhesion and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 (2013), 9777–9784, 10.1021/am402903e.
38. Lin, Y.M., Boccaccini, A.R., Polak, J.M., Bishop, A.E., Maquet, V., Biocompatibility of poly-DL-lactic acid (PDLLA) for lung tissue engineering. J. Biomater. Appl. 21 (2006), 109–118, 10.1177/0885328206057952.
39. Lin, C.-H., Hsu, S., Huang, C.-E., Cheng, W.-T., Su, J.-M., A scaffold-bioreactor system for a tissue-engineered trachea. Biomaterials 30 (2009), 4117–4126, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.04.028.
40. Lin, Y.-M., Chrzanowski, W., Knowles, J., Bishop, A., Bismarck, A., Functionalized poly (D,L-lactide) for pulmonary epithelial cell culture. Adv. Eng. Mater. 12 (2010), 101–112.
41. Ling, T.-Y., Liu, Y.-L., Huang, Y.-K., Gu, S.-Y., Chen, H.-K., Ho, C.-C., Tsao, P.-N., Tung, Y.-C., Chen, H.-W., Cheng, C.-H., Lin, K.-H., Lin, F.-H., Differentiation of lung stem/progenitor cells into alveolar pneumocytes and induction of angiogenesis within a 3D gelatin-microbubble scaffold. Biomaterials 35 (2014), 5660–5669.
42. Long, C., Finch, C., Esch, M., Anderson, W., Shuler, M., Hickman, J., Design optimization of liquid-phase flow patterns for microfabricated lung on a Chip. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 40 (2012), 1255–1267, 10.1007/s10439-012-0513-8.
43. Lopez, A.D., Shibuya, K., Rao, C., Mathers, C., Hansell, A.L., Held, L., Schmid, V., Buist, S., Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : current burden and future projections. Eur. Respir. J. 27 (2006), 397–412.
44. Lwebuga-Mukasa, J.S., Ingbar, D.H., Madri, J.A., Repopulation of a human alveolar adult rat type II pneumocytes matrix by in vitro: a novel system for type II pneumocyte culture. Exp. Cell Res. 162 (1986), 423–435.
45. Macchiarini, P., Jungebluth, P., Go, T., Asnaghi, M.A., Rees, L.E., Cogan, T.A., Dodson, A., Martorell, J., Bellini, S., Parnigotto, P.P., Dickinson, S.C., Hollander, A.P., Mantero, S., Conconi, M.T., Birchall, M.A., Clinical transplantation of a tissue-engineered airway. Lancet 372 (2008), 2023–2030, 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61598-6.
46. Mannino, D.M., Homa, D.M., Akinbami, L.J., Ford, E.S., Redd, S.C., Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease surveillance—United States, 1971–2000. Respir. Care 76 (2002), 1184–1199.
47. Marelli-Berg, F.M., Peek, E., Lidington, E.A., Stauss, H.J., Lechler, R.I., Isolation of endothelial cells from murine tissue. J. Immunol. Methods 244 (2000), 205–215, 10.1016/S0022-1759(00)00258-1.
48. Mendez, J.J., Ghaedi, M., Steinbacher, D., Niklason, L.E., Epithelial cell differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells in decellularized lung scaffolds. Tissue Eng. A 20 (2014), 1735–1746, 10.1089/ten.TEA.2013.0647.
49. Miller, C., George, S., Niklason, L., Developing a tissue-engineered model of the human bronchiole. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 4 (2010), 619–627, 10.1002/term.277.
50. Mondrinos, M.J., Koutzaki, S., Jiwanmall, E., Li, M., Dechadarevian, J.-P., Lelkes, P.I., Finck, C.M., Engineering three-dimensional pulmonary tissue constructs. Tissue Eng. 12 (2006), 717–728, 10.1089/ten.2006.12.717.
51. Mondrinos, M.J., Koutzaki, S., Lelkes, P.I., Finck, C.M., A tissue-engineered model of fetal distal lung tissue. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 293 (2007), 639–650.
52. Nakayama, K.H., Lee, C.C.I., Batchelder, C.A., Tarantal, A.F., Tissue specificity of decellularized rhesus monkey kidney and lung scaffolds. PLoS One, 2013, 8, 10.1371/journal.pone.0064134.
53. Nalayanda, D.D., Puleo, C., Fulton, W.B., Sharpe, L.M., Wang, T.H., Abdullah, F., An open-access microfluidic model for lung-specific functional studies at an air-liquid interface. Biomed. Microdevices 11 (2009), 1081–1089, 10.1007/s10544-009-9325-5.
54. Nalayanda, D.D., Wang, Q., Fulton, W.B., Wang, T.-H., Abdullah, F., Engineering an artificial alveolar-capillary membrane: a novel continuously perfused model within microchannels. J. Pediatr. Surg. 45 (2010), 45–51, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.10.008.
55. Nichols, J.E., Cortiella, J., Engineering of a complex organ: progress toward development of a tissue-engineered lung. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 5 (2008), 723–730, 10.1513/pats.200802-022AW.
56. Nichols, J.E., Niles, J., Riddle, M., Vargas, G., Schilagard, T., Ma, L., Edward, K., La Francesca, S., Sakamoto, J., Vega, S., Ogadegbe, M., Mlcak, R., Deyo, D., Woodson, L., McQuitty, C., Lick, S., Beckles, D., Melo, E., Cortiella, J., Production and assessment of decellularized pig and human lung scaffolds. Tissue Eng. A 19 (2013), 2045–2062, 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0250.
57. Nichols, J.E., La Francesca, S., Vega, S.P., Niles, J.A., Argueta, L.B., Riddle, M., Sakamoto, J., Vargas, G., Pal, R., Woodson, L., Rhudy, J., Lee, D., Seanor, D., Campbell, G., Schnadig, V., Cortiella, J., Giving new life to old lungs: methods to produce and assess whole human paediatric bioengineered lungs. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med., 2016, 10.1002/term.2113 (n/a-n/a).
58. Omori, K., Nakamura, T., Kanemaru, S., Magrufov, A., Yamashita, M., Shimizu, Y., In situ tissue engineering of the cricoid and trachea in a canine model. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 117 (2008), 609–613, 10.1177/000348940811700811.
59. O'Neill, J.D., Anfang, R., Anandappa, A., Costa, J., Javidfar, J., Wobma, H.M., Singh, G., Freytes, D.O., Bacchetta, M.D., Sonett, J.R., Vunjak-Novakovic, G., Decellularization of human and porcine lung tissues for pulmonary tissue engineering. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 2013, Elsevier, 1046–1055, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.04.022.
60. Ott, H.C., Clippinger, B., Conrad, C., Schuetz, C., Pomerantseva, I., Ikonomou, L., Kotton, D., Vacanti, J.P., Regeneration and orthotopic transplantation of a bioartificial lung. Nat. Med. 16 (2010), 927–933, 10.1038/nm.2193.
61. Otti, A.G., Jaus, M.O., Barale, D., Baiguera, S., Comin, C., Lavorini, F., Fontana, G., Sibila, O., Rombolà, G., Jungebluth, P., MacChiarini, P., The first tissue-engineered airway transplantation: 5-year follow-up results. Lancet 383 (2014), 238–244, 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62033-4.
62. Park, D., Lim, J., Park, J.Y., Lee, S.-H., Concise review: stem cell microenvironment on a chip: current technologies for tissue engineering and stem cell biology. Stem Cells Transl. Med. 4 (2015), 1352–1368, 10.5966/sctm.2015-0095.
63. Petersen, T.H., Calle, E.A., Zhao, L., Lee, E.J., Gui, L., Raredon, M.B., Gavrilov, K., Yi, T., Zhuang, Z.W., Breuer, C., Herzog, E., Niklason, L.E., Tissue-engineered lungs for in vivo implantation. Science 329 (2010), 538–541, 10.1126/science.1189345.
64. Petersen, T.H., Calle, E.A., Colehour, M.B., Niklason, L.E., Bioreactor for the long-term culture of lung tissue. Cell Transplant. 20 (2011), 1117–1126, 10.3727/096368910X544933.
65. Price, A.P., England, K.A., Matson, A.M., Blazar, B.R., Panoskaltsis-Mortari, A., Development of a decellularized lung bioreactor system for bioengineering the lung: the matrix reloaded. Tissue Eng. A 16 (2010), 2581–2591, 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0659.
66. Radhakumary, C., Nandkumar, A.M., Nair, P.D., Hyaluronic acid-g-poly(HEMA) copolymer with potential implications for lung tissue engineering. Carbohydr. Polym. 85 (2011), 439–445, 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.03.007.
67. Reichenspurner, H., Overview of tacrolimus-based immunosuppression after heart or lung transplantation. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 24 (2005), 119–130, 10.1016/j.healun.2004.02.022.
68. Rice, W.R., Conkright, J.J., Na, C.-L., Ikegami, M., Shannon, J.M., Weaver, T.E., Maintenance of the mouse type II cell phenotype in vitro. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 283 (2002), L256–L264, 10.1152/ajplung.00302.2001.
69. Sato, T., Tao, H., Araki, M., Ueda, H., Omori, K., Nakamura, T., Replacement of the left main bronchus with a tissue-engineered prosthesis in a canine model. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 86 (2008), 422–428, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.04.015.
70. Shamis, Y., Hasson, E., Soroker, A., Bassat, E., Shimoni, Y., Ziv, T., Sionov, R.V., Mitrani, E., Organ-specific scaffolds for in vitro expansion, differentiation, and organization of primary lung cells. Tissue Eng. C Methods 17 (2011), 861–870, 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0717.
71. Shigemura, N., Okumura, M., Mizuno, S., Imanishi, Y., Matsuyama, A., Shiono, H., Nakamura, T., Sawa, Y., Lung tissue engineering technique with adipose stromal cells improves surgical outcome for pulmonary emphysema. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174 (2006), 1199–1205, 10.1164/rccm.200603-406OC.
72. Song, J.J., Kim, S.S., Liu, Z., Madsen, J.C., Mathisen, D.J., Vacanti, J.P., Ott, H.C., Enhanced in vivo function of bioartificial lungs in rats. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 92 (2011), 998–1006, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.05.018.
73. Song, J.J., Guyette, J.P., Gilpin, S.E., Gonzalez, G., Vacanti, J.P., Ott, H.C., Regeneration and experimental orthotopic transplantation of a bioengineered kidney. Nat. Med. 19 (2013), 646–651, 10.1038/nm.3154.
74. Stucki, A.O., Stucki, J.D., Hall, S.R.R., Felder, M., Mermoud, Y., Schmid, R.A., Geiser, T., Guenat, O.T., A lung-on-a-chip array with an integrated bio-inspired respiration mechanism. Lab Chip 15 (2015), 1302–1310, 10.1039/C4LC01252F.
75. Sugihara, H., Toda, S., Miyabara, S., Fujiyama, C., Yonemitsu, N., Reconstruction of alveolus-like structure from alveolar type II epithelial cells in three-dimensional collagen gel matrix culture. Am. J. Pathol., 142, 1993, 783.
76. Suzuki, T., Kobayashi, K., Tada, Y., Suzuki, Y., Wada, I., Nakamura, T., Omori, K., Regeneration of the trachea using a bioengineered scaffold with adipose-derived stem cells. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 117 (2008), 453–463, 10.1177/000348940811700609.
77. Tavana, H., Zamankhan, P., Christensen, P.J., Grotberg, J.B., Takayama, S., Epithelium damage and protection during reopening of occluded airways in a physiologic microfluidic pulmonary airway model. Biomed. Microdevices 13 (2011), 731–742, 10.1007/s10544-011-9543-5.
78. van de Stolpe, A., den Toonder, J., Workshop meeting report organs-on-chips: human disease models. Lab Chip, 13, 2013, 3449, 10.1039/c3lc50248a.
79. van Midwoud, P.M., Janse, A., Merema, M.T., Groothuis, G.M.M., Verpoorte, E., Comparison of biocompatibility and adsorption properties of different plastics for advanced microfluidic cell and tissue culture models. Anal. Chem. 84 (2012), 3938–3944, 10.1021/ac300771z.
80. Vertrees, R.A., Zwischenberger, J.B., Boor, P.J., Popov, V., McCarthy, M., Solley, T.N., Goodwin, T.J., Cellular differentiation in three-dimensional lung cell cultures. Cancer Biol. Ther. 7 (2008), 404–412, 10.4161/cbt.7.3.5368.
81. Wallis, J.M., Borg, Z.D., Daly, A.B., Deng, B., Ballif, B.A., Allen, G.B., Jaworski, D.M., Weiss, D.J., Comparative assessment of detergent-based protocols for mouse lung de-cellularization and re-cellularization. Tissue Eng. C Methods, 2012, 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0567.
82. Wang, Z., Samanipour, R., Kim, K., Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms for drug screening and. Tissue Eng., 2016, 209–233, 10.1007/978-3-319-21813-7_10.
83. Xu, Z., Gao, Y., Hao, Y., Li, E., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, W., Gao, Z., Wang, Q., Application of a microfluidic chip-based 3D co-culture to test drug sensitivity for individualized treatment of lung cancer. Biomaterials 34 (2013), 4109–4117, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.045.
84. Yusen, R.D., Edwards, L.B., Kucheryavaya, A.Y., Benden, C., Dipchand, A.I., Dobbels, F., Goldfarb, S.B., Levvey, B.J., Lund, L.H., Meiser, B., Stehlik, J., The registry of the international society for heart and lung transplantation: thirty-first adult lung and heart-lung transplant report—2014; focus theme: retransplantation. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 33 (2014), 1009–1024, 10.1016/j.healun.2014.08.004.
85. Zhang, C., Zhao, Z., Abdul Rahim, N.A., van Noort, D., Yu, H., Towards a human-on-chip: culturing multiple cell types on a chip with compartmentalized microenvironments. Lab Chip 9 (2009), 3185–3192, 10.1039/b915147h.