Can a school-wide bullying prevention program improve the plight of victims? Evidence for risk × intervention effects

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

Volumn 84, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 334-344

  Juvonen, Jaana ^a   Schacter, Hannah L ^a   Sainio, Miia ^b   Salmivalli, Christina ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

Author keywords

Bullying prevention; Emotional distress; Middle childhood; Peer victimization; School based intervention

Indexed keywords

BULLYING; CLIMATE; COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; ECOLOGY; HARM REDUCTION; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; PERCEPTION; PRIMARY SCHOOL; PSYCINFO; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SELF ESTEEM; SELF REPORT; STUDENT; VICTIM; CRIME VICTIM; DEPRESSION; EMPATHY; FEMALE; FINLAND; MALE; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PROGRAM EVALUATION; PSYCHOLOGY; SCHOOL;

BULLYING; CRIME VICTIMS; DEPRESSION; EMPATHY; FEMALE; FINLAND; HUMANS; MALE; PROGRAM EVALUATION; SCHOOLS; SELF REPORT; STUDENTS;

EID: 84955097102     PISSN: 0022006X     EISSN: 19392117     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000078     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Ahtola, A., Haataja, A., Kärnä, A., Poskiparta, E., & Salmivalli, C. (2012). For children only? Effects of the KiVa antibullying program on teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28, 851-859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.03.006
2. Atlas, R., & Pepler, D. J. (1998). Observations of bullying in the classroom. The Journal of Educational Research, 92, 86-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220679809597580
3. Battistich, V., & Hom, A. (1997). The relationship between students' sense of their school as a community and their involvement in problem behaviors. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 1997-2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.87.12.1997
4. Battistich, V., Solomon, D., Watson, M., & Schaps, E. (1997). Caring school communities. Educational Psychologist, 32, 137-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3203-1
5. Bauer, N. S., Lozano, P., & Rivara, F. P. (2007). The effectiveness of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program in public middle schools: A controlled trial. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40, 266-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.10.005
6. Beck, A. T., & Beck, R. W. (1972). Screening depressed patients in family practice. A rapid technic. Postgraduate Medicine, 52, 81-85.
7. Bellmore, A. D., Witkow, M. R., Graham, S., & Juvonen, J. (2004). Beyond the individual: The impact of ethnic context and classroom behavioral norms on victims' adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 40, 1159-1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.1159
8. Boivin, M., Hymel, S., & Bukowski, W. M. (1995). The roles of social withdrawal, peer rejection, and victimization by peers in predicting loneliness and depressed mood in childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 765-785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400006830
9. Buhs, E. S., & Ladd, G. W. (2001). Peer rejection as an antecedent of young children's school adjustment: An examination of mediating processes. Developmental Psychology, 37, 550-560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.37.4.550
10. Buhs, E. S., Ladd, G. W., & Herald, S. L. (2006). Peer exclusion and victimization: Processes that mediate the relation between peer group rejection and children's classroom engagement and achievement? Journal of Educational Psychology, 98, 1-13.
11. Caspi, O., & Bell, I. R. (2004). One size does not fit all: Aptitude x treatment interaction (ATI) as a conceptual framework for complementary and alternative medicine outcome research. Pt. 1-What is ATI research? Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 10,580-586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/1075553041323812
12. Copeland, W. E., Wolke, D., Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (2013). Adult psychiatric outcomes of bullying and being bullied by peers in childhood and adolescence. Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 70, 419-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.504
13. Craighead, W. E., & Dunlop, B. W. (2014). Combination psychotherapy and antidepressant medication treatment for depression: For whom, when, and how. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 267-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131653
14. Driessen, E., Cuijpers, P., Hollon, S. D., & Dekker, J. J. (2010). Does pretreatment severity moderate the efficacy of psychological treatment of adult outpatient depression? A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 668-680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020570
15. Eliot, M., Cornell, D., Gregory, A., & Fan, X. (2010). Supportive school climate and student willingness to seek help for bullying and threats of violence. Journal of School Psychology, 48, 533-553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2010.07.001
16. Enders, C. K. (2010). Applied missing data analysis. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
17. Farrington, D. P., Lösel, F., Ttofi, M. M., & Theodorakis, N. (2012). School bullying, depression and offending behavior later in life: An updated systematic review of longitudinal studies. Stockholm: Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention.
18. Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2005). Bullying: Who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior. Health Education Research, 20, 81-91.http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyg100
19. Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2006). Effects of antibullying school program on bullying and health complaints. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 160, 638-644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.160.6.638
20. Flaspohler, P. D., Elfstrom, J. L., Vanderzee, K. L., Sink, H. E., & Birchmeier, Z. (2009). Stand by me: The effects of peer and teacher support in mitigating the impact of bullying on quality of life. Psychology in the Schools, 46, 636-649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pits.20404
21. Garandeau, C. F., Poskiparta, E., & Salmivalli, C. (2014). Tackling acute cases of school bullying in the KiVa anti-bullying program: A comparison of two approaches. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42,981-991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9861-1
22. Graham, S., Bellmore, A. D., & Mize, J. (2006). Peer victimization, aggression, and their co-occurrence in middle school: Pathways to adjustment problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 349-364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-006-9030-2
23. Graham, S., & Juvonen, J. (1998). Self-blame and peer victimization in middle school: An attributional analysis. Developmental Psychology, 34, 587-599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.34.3.587
24. Haataja, A., Voeten, M., Boulton, A. J., Ahtola, A., Poskiparta, E., & Salmivalli, C. (2014). The KiVa antibullying curriculum and outcome: Does fidelity matter? Journal of School Psychology, 52, 479-493.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2014.07.001
25. Harter, S., Waters, P., & Whitesell, N. R. (1998). Relational self-worth: Differences in perceived worth as a person across interpersonal contexts among adolescents. Child Development, 69, 756-766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06241.x
26. Hawker, D. S., & Boulton, M. J. (2000). Twenty years' research on peer victimization and psychosocial maladjustment: A meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 441-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00629
27. Hodges, E. V. E., Boivin, M., Vitaro, F., & Bukowski, W. M. (1999). The power of friendship: Protection against an escalating cycle of peer victimization. Developmental Psychology, 35, 94-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.35.1.94
28. Huitsing, G., Veenstra, R., Sainio, M., & Salmivalli, C. (2012). "It must be me" or "It could be them?": The impact of the social network position of bullies and victims on victims' adjustment. Social Networks, 34, 379-386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2010.07.002
29. Juvonen, J., & Graham, S. (2014). Bullying in schools: The power of bullies and the plight of victims. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 159-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115030
30. Juvonen, J., Graham, S., & Schuster, M. A. (2003). Bullying among young adolescents: The strong, the weak, and the troubled. Pediatrics, 112, 1231-1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.6.1231
31. Juvonen, J., Le, V. N., Kaganoff, T., Augustine, C. H., & Constant, L. (2004). Focus on the wonder years: Challenges facing the American middle school. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.
32. Kärnä, A., Voeten, M., Little, T. D., Poskiparta, E., Alanen, E., & Salmivalli, C. (2011). Going to scale: A nonrandomized nationwide trial of the KiVa antibullying program for grades 1-9. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79, 796-805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025740
33. Kärnä, A., Voeten, M., Little, T. D., Poskiparta, E., Kaljonen, A., & Salmivalli, C. (2011). A large-scale evaluation of the KiVa antibullying program: Grades 4-6. Child Development, 82, 311-330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01557.x
34. Kärnä, A., Voeten, M., Poskiparta, E., & Salmivalli, C. (2010). Vulnerable children in varying classroom contexts: Bystanders' behaviors moderate the effects of risk factors on victimization. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 56, 261-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mpq.0.0052
35. Kyriakides, L., Kaloyirou, C., & Lindsay, G. (2006). An analysis of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire using the Rasch measurement model. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 781-801.http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000709905X53499
36. LaFontana, K., & Cillessen, A. (2010). Developmental changes in the priority of perceived status in childhood and adolescence. Social Development, 19, 130-147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00522.x
37. Merrell, K. W., Gueldner, B. A., Ross, S. W., & Isava, D. M. (2008). How effective are school bullying intervention programs? A meta-analysis of intervention research. School Psychology Quarterly, 23, 26-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1045-3830.23.1.26
38. Metsämuuronen, J., Svedlin, R., & Ilic, J. (2012). Change in pupils' and students' attitudes toward school as a function of age-A Finnish perspective. Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 2, 134-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v2n2p134
39. Munniksma, A., & Juvonen, J. (2012). Cross-ethnic friendships and sense of social-emotional safety in a multiethnic middle school: An exploratory study. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 58, 489-506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2012.0023
40. Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviors among US youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 2094-2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.16.2094
41. Nocentini, E., & Menesini, A. (2015). KiVa antibullying program in Italy: Evidence of effectiveness from a randomized control trial. Manuscript submitted for publication.
42. Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Psychology in the Schools, 40, 699-700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pits.10114
43. Pöyhönen, V., Juvonen, J., & Salmivalli, C. (2010). What does it take to stand up for the victim of bullying? The interplay between personal and social factors. Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 56, 143-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mpq.0.0046
44. Olweus, D. (1996). The revised Olweus bully/victim questionnaire. Bergen, Norway: University of Bergen, Research Center for Health Promotion.
45. Raevuori, A., Dick, D. M., Keski-Rahkonen, A., Pulkkinen, L., Rose, R. J., Rissanen, A.,. . Silventoinen, K. (2007). Genetic and environmental factors affecting self-esteem from age 14 to 17: A longitudinal study of Finnish twins. Psychological Medicine, 37, 1625-1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707000840
46. Raitasalo, R. (2007). Mielialakysely. Suomen oloihin Beckin lyhyen depressiokyselyn pohjalta kehitetty masennusoireilun ja itsetunnon kysely [Mood questionnaire. Finnish adaptation of the short version of Beck's Depression Inventory]. Helsinki: Kela, Sosiaali- ja Terveysturvan tutkimuksia 86.
47. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
48. Saarento, S., Boulton, A. J., & Salmivalli, C. (2015). Reducing bullying and victimization: Student- and classroom-level mechanisms of change. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43, 61-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9841-x
49. Sainio, M., Veenstra, R., Huitsing, G., & Salmivalli, C. (2010). Victims and their defenders: A dyadic approach. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35, 144-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025410378068
50. Salmivalli, C. (2010). Bullying and the peer group: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15, 112-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2009.08.007
51. Salmivalli, C., Garandeau, C., & Veenstra, R. (2012). KiVa antibullying program: Implications for school adjustment. In G. Ladd & A. Ryan (Eds.), Peer relationships and adjustment at school (pp. 279-307). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
52. Salmivalli, C., & Isaacs, J. (2005). Prospective relations among victimization, rejection, friendlessness, and children's self- and peer-perceptions. Child Development, 76, 1161-1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00841.x-i1
53. Salmivalli, C., Kärnä, A., & Poskiparta, E. (2011). Counteracting bullying in Finland: The KiVa program and its effects on different forms of being bullied. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35, 405-411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025411407457
54. Salmivalli, C., Lagerspetz, K., Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., & Kaukiainen, A. (1996). Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior, 22, 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1996)22:1-1::AIDAB1-3.0.CO;2-T
55. Salmivalli, C., Voeten, M., & Poskiparta, E. (2011). Bystanders matter: Associations between reinforcing, defending, and the frequency of bullying behavior in classrooms. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40, 668-676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2011.597090
56. Schacter, H. L., & Juvonen, J. (2015). The effects of school-level victimization on self-blame: Evidence for contextualized social cognitions. Developmental Psychology, 51, 841-847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000016
57. Schacter, H. L., White, S. J., Chang, V. Y., & Juvonen, J. (2015). "Why me?": Characterological self-blame and continued victimization in the first year of middle school. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44, 446-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.865194
58. Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7, 147-177.
59. Sentse, M., Scholte, R., Salmivalli, C., & Voeten, M. (2007). Person-group dissimilarity in involvement in bullying and its relation with social status. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 1009-1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-007-9150-3
60. Smith, P. K., Pepler, D., & Rigby, K. (Eds.). (2004). Bullying in schools: How successful can interventions be? New York: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511584466
61. Stevens, V., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Van Oost, P. (2000). Bullying in Flemish schools: An evaluation of anti-bullying intervention in primary and secondary schools. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 195-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000709900158056
62. Ttofi, M. M., & Farrington, D. P. (2011). Effectiveness of school-based programs to reduce bullying: A systematic and meta-analytic review. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 7, 27-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11292-010-9109-1
63. Williford, A., Boulton, A., Noland, B., Little, T. D., Kärnä, A., & Salmivalli, C. (2012). Effects of the KiVa anti-bullying program on adolescents' depression, anxiety, and perception of peers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 289-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9551-1
64. Yeager, D. S., Fong, C. J., Lee, H. Y., & Espelage, D. L. (2015). Declines in efficacy of anti-bullying programs among older adolescents: Theory and a three-level meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 37, 36-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.11.005