메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue 17, 2015, Pages 8601-8613

Structural basis for selective targeting of leishmanial ribosomes: Aminoglycoside derivatives as promising therapeutics

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE DERIVATIVE; GENTAMICIN; PAROMOMYCIN; RIBOSOME RNA; ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENT; NEOMYCIN; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR;

EID: 84949033503     PISSN: 03051048     EISSN: 13624962     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv821     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (59)
  • 2
    • 45349094544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agents used to treat infections due to parasites and pneumocystis
    • Kasper, DL (ed), 16th edn. Mc Graw Hill
    • Moore, T.A. (2005) Agents used to treat infections due to parasites and pneumocystis. In: Kasper, DL (ed). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th edn. Mc Graw Hill, Vol. 1, pp. 1202-1214.
    • (2005) Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine , vol.1 , pp. 1202-1214
    • Moore, T.A.1
  • 3
    • 0014256575 scopus 로고
    • The effect of antibiotics of the neomycin group on experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis
    • Neal, R.A. (1968) The effect of antibiotics of the neomycin group on experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 62, 54-62.
    • (1968) Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol , vol.62 , pp. 54-62
    • Neal, R.A.1
  • 5
    • 77149123005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early curative applications of the aminoglycoside WR279396 on an experimental Leishmania major-loaded cutaneous site do not impair the acquisition of immunity
    • Lecoeur, H., Buffet, P.A., Milon, G. and Lang, T. (2010) Early curative applications of the aminoglycoside WR279396 on an experimental Leishmania major-loaded cutaneous site do not impair the acquisition of immunity. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 54, 984-990.
    • (2010) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 984-990
    • Lecoeur, H.1    Buffet, P.A.2    Milon, G.3    Lang, T.4
  • 6
    • 0021926420 scopus 로고
    • Topical treatment of recurrent cutaneous leishmaniasis with ointment containing paromomycin and methylbenzethonium chloride
    • El-On, J., Weinrauch, L., Livshin, R., Even-Paz, Z. and Jacobs, G.P. (1985) Topical treatment of recurrent cutaneous leishmaniasis with ointment containing paromomycin and methylbenzethonium chloride. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.), 291, 704-705.
    • (1985) Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.) , vol.291 , pp. 704-705
    • El-On, J.1    Weinrauch, L.2    Livshin, R.3    Even-Paz, Z.4    Jacobs, G.P.5
  • 9
    • 84871558204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leishmaniasis: An update of current pharmacotherapy
    • Sundar, S. and Chakravarty, J. (2013) Leishmaniasis: an update of current pharmacotherapy. Expert. Opin. Pharmacother., 14, 53-63.
    • (2013) Expert. Opin. Pharmacother , vol.14 , pp. 53-63
    • Sundar, S.1    Chakravarty, J.2
  • 10
    • 79551683357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of short-course multidrug treatment with standard therapy for visceral leishmaniasis in India: An open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial
    • Sundar, S., Sinha, P.K., Rai, M., Verma, D.K., Nawin, K., Alam, S., Chakravarty, J., Vaillant, M., Verma, N., Pandey, K. et al. (2011) Comparison of short-course multidrug treatment with standard therapy for visceral leishmaniasis in India: an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 377, 477-486.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.377 , pp. 477-486
    • Sundar, S.1    Sinha, P.K.2    Rai, M.3    Verma, D.K.4    Nawin, K.5    Alam, S.6    Chakravarty, J.7    Vaillant, M.8    Verma, N.9    Pandey, K.10
  • 11
    • 0031149815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo interference of paromomycin with mitochondrial activity of Leishmania
    • Maarouf, M., de, K.Y., Brown, S., Petit, P.X. and Robert-Gero, M. (1997) In vivo interference of paromomycin with mitochondrial activity of Leishmania. Exp. Cell Res., 232, 339-348.
    • (1997) Exp. Cell Res , vol.232 , pp. 339-348
    • Maarouf, M.1    De, K.Y.2    Brown, S.3    Petit, P.X.4    Robert-Gero, M.5
  • 12
    • 78650671068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of paromomycin on ribosomes of Leishmania mexicana and mammalian cells
    • Fernandez, M.M., Malchiodi, E.L. and Algranati, I.D. (2011) Differential effects of paromomycin on ribosomes of Leishmania mexicana and mammalian cells. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 55, 86-93.
    • (2011) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 86-93
    • Fernandez, M.M.1    Malchiodi, E.L.2    Algranati, I.D.3
  • 13
    • 79958007665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic reconstruction of protozoan rRNA decoding sites provides a rationale for paromomycin activity against Leishmania and Trypanosoma
    • Hobbie, S.N., Kaiser, M., Schmidt, S., Shcherbakov, D., Janusic, T., Brun, R. and Bottger, E.C. (2011) Genetic reconstruction of protozoan rRNA decoding sites provides a rationale for paromomycin activity against Leishmania and Trypanosoma. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 5, e1161.
    • (2011) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis , vol.5
    • Hobbie, S.N.1    Kaiser, M.2    Schmidt, S.3    Shcherbakov, D.4    Janusic, T.5    Brun, R.6    Bottger, E.C.7
  • 14
    • 0029064954 scopus 로고
    • Ribosomes of Leishmania are a target for the aminoglycosides
    • Maarouf, M., Lawrence, F., Croft, S.L. and Robert-Gero, M. (1995) Ribosomes of Leishmania are a target for the aminoglycosides. Parasitol. Res., 81, 421-425.
    • (1995) Parasitol. Res , vol.81 , pp. 421-425
    • Maarouf, M.1    Lawrence, F.2    Croft, S.L.3    Robert-Gero, M.4
  • 15
    • 84882336106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the molecular attributes required for aminoglycoside activity against Leishmania
    • Shalev, M., Kondo, J., Kopelyanskiy, D., Jaffe, C.L., Adir, N. and Baasov, T. (2013) Identification of the molecular attributes required for aminoglycoside activity against Leishmania. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 110, 13333-13338.
    • (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.110 , pp. 13333-13338
    • Shalev, M.1    Kondo, J.2    Kopelyanskiy, D.3    Jaffe, C.L.4    Adir, N.5    Baasov, T.6
  • 16
    • 84870990953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased selectivity toward cytoplasmic versus mitochondrial ribosome confers improved efficiency of synthetic aminoglycosides in fixing damaged genes: A strategy for treatment of genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations
    • Kandasamy, J., Atia-Glikin, D., Shulman, E., Shapira, K., Shavit, M., Belakhov, V. and Baasov, T. (2012) Increased selectivity toward cytoplasmic versus mitochondrial ribosome confers improved efficiency of synthetic aminoglycosides in fixing damaged genes: a strategy for treatment of genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations. J. Med. Chem., 55, 10630-10643.
    • (2012) J. Med. Chem , vol.55 , pp. 10630-10643
    • Kandasamy, J.1    Atia-Glikin, D.2    Shulman, E.3    Shapira, K.4    Shavit, M.5    Belakhov, V.6    Baasov, T.7
  • 17
    • 34948883252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential selectivity of natural and synthetic aminoglycosides towards the eukaryotic and prokaryotic decoding A sites
    • Kondo, J., Hainrichson, M., Nudelman, I., Shallom-Shezifi, D., Barbieri, C.M., Pilch, D.S., Westhof, E. and Baasov, T. (2007) Differential selectivity of natural and synthetic aminoglycosides towards the eukaryotic and prokaryotic decoding A sites. Chembiochem., 8, 1700-1709.
    • (2007) Chembiochem , vol.8 , pp. 1700-1709
    • Kondo, J.1    Hainrichson, M.2    Nudelman, I.3    Shallom-Shezifi, D.4    Barbieri, C.M.5    Pilch, D.S.6    Westhof, E.7    Baasov, T.8
  • 20
    • 77953133544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repairing faulty genes by aminoglycosides: Development of new derivatives of geneticin (G418) with enhanced suppression of diseases-causing nonsense mutations
    • Nudelman, I., Glikin, D., Smolkin, B., Hainrichson, M., Belakhov, V. and Baasov, T. (2010) Repairing faulty genes by aminoglycosides: development of new derivatives of geneticin (G418) with enhanced suppression of diseases-causing nonsense mutations. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 18, 3735-3746.
    • (2010) Bioorg. Med. Chem , vol.18 , pp. 3735-3746
    • Nudelman, I.1    Glikin, D.2    Smolkin, B.3    Hainrichson, M.4    Belakhov, V.5    Baasov, T.6
  • 21
    • 0030132944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A highly efficient 24-condition matrix for the crystallization of nucleic acid fragments
    • Berger, I., Kang, C.H., Sinha, N., Wolters, M. and Rich, A. (1996) A highly efficient 24-condition matrix for the crystallization of nucleic acid fragments. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr., 52, 465-468.
    • (1996) Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr , vol.52 , pp. 465-468
    • Berger, I.1    Kang, C.H.2    Sinha, N.3    Wolters, M.4    Rich, A.5
  • 24
    • 13244281317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coot: Model-building tools for molecular graphics
    • Emsley, P. and Cowtan, K. (2004) Coot: model-building tools for molecular graphics. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr., 60, 2126-2132.
    • (2004) Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr , vol.60 , pp. 2126-2132
    • Emsley, P.1    Cowtan, K.2
  • 25
    • 80054866623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PyMol Molecular Graphics System, LLC, V.1.5.0.4.S.L.
    • The PyMol Molecular Graphics System. (2010) Schrödinger, LLC, V.1.5.0.4.S.L.
    • (2010) Schrödinger
  • 26
    • 84948997048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erithacus Software Ltd. Horley
    • Leatherbarrow, R.J. (2001) GraFit. Erithacus Software Ltd. Horley, Vol. 5.
    • (2001) GraFit , vol.5
    • Leatherbarrow, R.J.1
  • 27
    • 76149120388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AutoDock Vina: Improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading
    • Trott, O. and Olson, A.J. (2010) AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading. J Comput. Chem., 31, 455-461.
    • (2010) J Comput. Chem , vol.31 , pp. 455-461
    • Trott, O.1    Olson, A.J.2
  • 29
    • 85016419745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riboswitches as potential targets for aminoglycosides in comparing with rRNA molecules: In silico study
    • Aghdam, E.M., Hejazi, M.S. and Barzegar, A. (2014) Riboswitches as potential targets for aminoglycosides in comparing with rRNA molecules: in silico study. Microb. Biochem. Technol., 9, S9.
    • (2014) Microb. Biochem. Technol , vol.9 , pp. S9
    • Aghdam, E.M.1    Hejazi, M.S.2    Barzegar, A.3
  • 31
    • 27244458194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structures of complexes between aminoglycosides and decoding A site oligonucleotides: Role of the number of rings and positive charges in the specific binding leading to miscoding
    • Francois, B., Russell, R.J., Murray, J.B., Aboul-ela, F., Masquida, B., Vicens, Q. and Westhof, E. (2005) Crystal structures of complexes between aminoglycosides and decoding A site oligonucleotides: role of the number of rings and positive charges in the specific binding leading to miscoding. Nucleic Acids Res., 33, 5677-5690.
    • (2005) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.33 , pp. 5677-5690
    • Francois, B.1    Russell, R.J.2    Murray, J.B.3    Aboul-Ela, F.4    Masquida, B.5    Vicens, Q.6    Westhof, E.7
  • 32
  • 33
    • 39049192079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystallographic studies of Homo sapiens ribosomal decoding A site complexed with aminoglycosides
    • Kondo, J., Francois, B., Urzhumtsev, A. and Westhof, E. (2005) Crystallographic studies of Homo sapiens ribosomal decoding A site complexed with aminoglycosides. Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. (Oxf.), 49, 253-254.
    • (2005) Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. (Oxf.) , vol.49 , pp. 253-254
    • Kondo, J.1    Francois, B.2    Urzhumtsev, A.3    Westhof, E.4
  • 34
    • 33746256410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of the Homo sapiens cytoplasmic ribosomal decoding site complexed with apramycin
    • Kondo, J., Francois, B., Urzhumtsev, A. and Westhof, E. (2006) Crystal structure of the Homo sapiens cytoplasmic ribosomal decoding site complexed with apramycin. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 45, 3310-3314.
    • (2006) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl , vol.45 , pp. 3310-3314
    • Kondo, J.1    Francois, B.2    Urzhumtsev, A.3    Westhof, E.4
  • 35
    • 49649109590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of the bacterial ribosomal decoding site complexed with a synthetic doubly functionalized paromomycin derivative: A new specific binding mode to an a-minor motif enhances in vitro antibacterial activity
    • Kondo, J., Pachamuthu, K., Francois, B., Szychowski, J., Hanessian, S. and Westhof, E. (2007) Crystal structure of the bacterial ribosomal decoding site complexed with a synthetic doubly functionalized paromomycin derivative: a new specific binding mode to an a-minor motif enhances in vitro antibacterial activity. ChemMedChem, 2, 1631-1638.
    • (2007) ChemMedChem , vol.2 , pp. 1631-1638
    • Kondo, J.1    Pachamuthu, K.2    Francois, B.3    Szychowski, J.4    Hanessian, S.5    Westhof, E.6
  • 36
    • 0034886697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of paromomycin docked into the eubacterial ribosomal decoding A site
    • Vicens, Q. and Westhof, E. (2001) Crystal structure of paromomycin docked into the eubacterial ribosomal decoding A site. Structure, 9, 647-658.
    • (2001) Structure , vol.9 , pp. 647-658
    • Vicens, Q.1    Westhof, E.2
  • 37
    • 0035986708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of a complex between the aminoglycoside tobramycin and an oligonucleotide containing the ribosomal decoding a site
    • Vicens, Q. and Westhof, E. (2002) Crystal structure of a complex between the aminoglycoside tobramycin and an oligonucleotide containing the ribosomal decoding a site. Chem. Biol., 9, 747-755.
    • (2002) Chem. Biol , vol.9 , pp. 747-755
    • Vicens, Q.1    Westhof, E.2
  • 38
    • 0037470560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of geneticin bound to a bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA A site oligonucleotide
    • Vicens, Q. and Westhof, E. (2003) Crystal structure of geneticin bound to a bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA A site oligonucleotide. J Mol. Biol., 326, 1175-1188.
    • (2003) J Mol. Biol , vol.326 , pp. 1175-1188
    • Vicens, Q.1    Westhof, E.2
  • 39
    • 0034699519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional insights from the structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit and its interactions with antibiotics
    • Carter, A.P., Clemons, W.M., Brodersen, D.E., Morgan-Warren, R.J., Wimberly, B.T. and Ramakrishnan, V. (2000) Functional insights from the structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit and its interactions with antibiotics. Nature, 407, 340-348.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 340-348
    • Carter, A.P.1    Clemons, W.M.2    Brodersen, D.E.3    Morgan-Warren, R.J.4    Wimberly, B.T.5    Ramakrishnan, V.6
  • 41
    • 0037184536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection of tRNA by the ribosome requires a transition from an open to a closed form
    • Ogle, J.M., Murphy, F.V., Tarry, M.J. and Ramakrishnan, V. (2002) Selection of tRNA by the ribosome requires a transition from an open to a closed form. Cell, 111, 721-732.
    • (2002) Cell , vol.111 , pp. 721-732
    • Ogle, J.M.1    Murphy, F.V.2    Tarry, M.J.3    Ramakrishnan, V.4
  • 42
    • 18844413446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural insights into translational fidelity
    • Ogle, J.M. and Ramakrishnan, V. (2005) Structural insights into translational fidelity. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 74, 129-177.
    • (2005) Annu. Rev. Biochem , vol.74 , pp. 129-177
    • Ogle, J.M.1    Ramakrishnan, V.2
  • 43
    • 32644439242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two conformational states in the crystal structure of the Homo sapiens cytoplasmic ribosomal decoding A site
    • Kondo, J., Urzhumtsev, A. and Westhof, E. (2006) Two conformational states in the crystal structure of the Homo sapiens cytoplasmic ribosomal decoding A site. Nucleic Acids Res., 34, 676-685.
    • (2006) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.34 , pp. 676-685
    • Kondo, J.1    Urzhumtsev, A.2    Westhof, E.3
  • 44
    • 43349106027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bacterial and mitochondrial ribosomal A-site molecular switches possess different conformational substates
    • Kondo, J. and Westhof, E. (2008) The bacterial and mitochondrial ribosomal A-site molecular switches possess different conformational substates. Nucleic Acids Res., 36, 2654-2666.
    • (2008) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.36 , pp. 2654-2666
    • Kondo, J.1    Westhof, E.2
  • 47
    • 84877066894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structures of a bioactive 6'-hydroxy variant of sisomicin bound to the bacterial and protozoal ribosomal decoding sites
    • Kondo, J., Koganei, M., Maianti, J.P., Ly, V.L. and Hanessian, S. (2013) Crystal structures of a bioactive 6'-hydroxy variant of sisomicin bound to the bacterial and protozoal ribosomal decoding sites. ChemMedChem, 8, 733-739.
    • (2013) ChemMedChem , vol.8 , pp. 733-739
    • Kondo, J.1    Koganei, M.2    Maianti, J.P.3    Ly, V.L.4    Hanessian, S.5
  • 49
    • 80055063276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of aminoglycoside-deactivating enzymes APH(3')-IIIa and AAC(6')-II by amphiphilic paromomycin O2"-ether analogues
    • Szychowski, J., Kondo, J., Zahr, O., Auclair, K., Westhof, E., Hanessian, S. and Keillor, J.W. (2011) Inhibition of aminoglycoside-deactivating enzymes APH(3')-IIIa and AAC(6')-Ii by amphiphilic paromomycin O2"-ether analogues. ChemMedChem, 6, 1961-1966.
    • (2011) ChemMedChem , vol.6 , pp. 1961-1966
    • Szychowski, J.1    Kondo, J.2    Zahr, O.3    Auclair, K.4    Westhof, E.5    Hanessian, S.6    Keillor, J.W.7
  • 50
    • 84855467966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A structural basis for the antibiotic resistance conferred by an A1408G mutation in 16S rRNA and for the antiprotozoal activity of aminoglycosides
    • Kondo, J. (2012) A structural basis for the antibiotic resistance conferred by an A1408G mutation in 16S rRNA and for the antiprotozoal activity of aminoglycosides. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 51, 465-468.
    • (2012) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl , vol.51 , pp. 465-468
    • Kondo, J.1
  • 51
    • 84893141493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designer aminoglycosides that selectively inhibit cytoplasmic rather than mitochondrial ribosomes show decreased ototoxicity: A strategy for the treatment of genetic diseases
    • Shulman, E., Belakhov, V., Wei, G., Kendall, A., Meyron-Holtz, E.G., Ben-Shachar, D., Schacht, J. and Baasov, T. (2014) Designer aminoglycosides that selectively inhibit cytoplasmic rather than mitochondrial ribosomes show decreased ototoxicity: a strategy for the treatment of genetic diseases. J Biol. Chem., 289, 2318-2330.
    • (2014) J Biol. Chem , vol.289 , pp. 2318-2330
    • Shulman, E.1    Belakhov, V.2    Wei, G.3    Kendall, A.4    Meyron-Holtz, E.G.5    Ben-Shachar, D.6    Schacht, J.7    Baasov, T.8
  • 53
    • 0033965367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aminoglycoside antibiotics
    • Forge, A. and Schacht, J. (2000) Aminoglycoside antibiotics. Audiol. Neurootol., 5, 3-22.
    • (2000) Audiol. Neurootol , vol.5 , pp. 3-22
    • Forge, A.1    Schacht, J.2
  • 54
    • 38349068643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Audiologic monitoring of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients on aminoglycoside treatment with long term follow-up
    • Duggal, P. and Sarkar, M. (2007) Audiologic monitoring of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients on aminoglycoside treatment with long term follow-up. BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord., 7, 5.
    • (2007) BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord , vol.7 , pp. 5
    • Duggal, P.1    Sarkar, M.2
  • 55
    • 58549117857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of interactions with eukaryotic rRNA identify the mitoribosome as target in aminoglycoside ototoxicity
    • Hobbie, S.N., Akshay, S., Kalapala, S.K., Bruell, C.M., Shcherbakov, D. and Bottger, E.C. (2008) Genetic analysis of interactions with eukaryotic rRNA identify the mitoribosome as target in aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 105, 20888-20893.
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.105 , pp. 20888-20893
    • Hobbie, S.N.1    Akshay, S.2    Kalapala, S.K.3    Bruell, C.M.4    Shcherbakov, D.5    Bottger, E.C.6
  • 57
    • 84898715557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic aminoglycosides efficiently suppress cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator nonsense mutations and are enhanced by ivacaftor
    • Xue, X., Mutyam, V., Tang, L., Biswas, S., Du, M., Jackson, L.A., Dai, Y., Belakhov, V., Shalev, M., Chen, F. et al. (2014) Synthetic aminoglycosides efficiently suppress cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator nonsense mutations and are enhanced by ivacaftor. Am. J Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 50, 805-816.
    • (2014) Am. J Respir. Cell Mol. Biol , vol.50 , pp. 805-816
    • Xue, X.1    Mutyam, V.2    Tang, L.3    Biswas, S.4    Du, M.5    Jackson, L.A.6    Dai, Y.7    Belakhov, V.8    Shalev, M.9    Chen, F.10
  • 58
    • 0014086970 scopus 로고
    • Ototoxicity of aminosidine. II. Histological studies in the Guinea pig
    • Manzo, E. and Mea, O. (1967) [Ototoxicity of aminosidine. II. Histological studies in the guinea pig]. Arch. Ital. Laringol., 75, 189-199.
    • (1967) Arch. Ital. Laringol , vol.75 , pp. 189-199
    • Manzo, E.1    Mea, O.2
  • 59
    • 84863644072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium stibogluconate (SSG) & paromomycin combination compared to SSG for visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa: A randomised controlled trial
    • Musa, A., Khalil, E., Hailu, A., Olobo, J., Balasegaram, M., Omollo, R., Edwards, T., Rashid, J., Mbui, J., Musa, B. et al. (2012) Sodium stibogluconate (SSG) & paromomycin combination compared to SSG for visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa: a randomised controlled trial. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 6, e1674.
    • (2012) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis , vol.6
    • Musa, A.1    Khalil, E.2    Hailu, A.3    Olobo, J.4    Balasegaram, M.5    Omollo, R.6    Edwards, T.7    Rashid, J.8    Mbui, J.9    Musa, B.10


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.