A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of prophylactic gabapentin for postoperative pain

Anaesthesia

Volumn 70, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 1186-1204

  Doleman, B ^a   Heinink, T P ^a   Read, D J ^a   Faleiro, R J ^a   Lund, J N ^b   Williams, J P ^b  

^a ROYAL DERBY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GABAPENTIN; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; AMINE; ANALGESIC AGENT; CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE; MORPHINE; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT;

ANALGESIC ACTIVITY; ANXIETY; GENERAL ANESTHESIA; HUMAN; PATIENT SATISFACTION; POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING; POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; PREOPERATIVE PERIOD; PRURITUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REGRESSION ANALYSIS; REVIEW; SPINAL ANESTHESIA; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; DRUG ADMINISTRATION; DRUG COMBINATION; META ANALYSIS; PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE;

AMINES; ANALGESICS; ANALGESICS, OPIOID; CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLIC ACIDS; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; HUMANS; MORPHINE; PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE; POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING; PRURITUS;

EID: 84941736419     PISSN: 00032409     EISSN: 13652044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/anae.13179     Document Type: Review

References (181)

1. Apfelbaum JL, Chen C, Mehta SS, Gan TJ,. Postoperative pain experience: results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2003; 97: 534-40.
2. Rose MA, Kam PC,. Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia 2002; 57: 451-62.
3. Williams JP, Bonnet F,. Analgesics. In: Oxford Textbook of Anaesthesia, 1st edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, in press.
4. Chang CY, Challa CK, Shah J, Eloy JD,. Gabapentin in acute postoperative pain management. Biomedical Research International 2014; 631756.
5. Moore RA, Wiffen PJ, Derry S, McQuay HJ,. Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; 3: CD007938.
6. Straube S, Derry S, Moore RA, Wiffen PJ, McQuay HJ,. Single dose oral gabapentin for established acute postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010; 5: CD008183.
7. Seib RK, Paul JE,. Preoperative gabapentin for postoperative analgesia: a meta-analysis. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 2006; 53: 461-9.
8. Hurley RW, Cohen SP, Williams KA, Rowlingson AJ, Wu CL,. The analgesic effects of perioperative gabapentin on postoperative pain: a meta-analysis. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2006; 31: 237-47.
9. Peng PW, Wijeysundera DN, Li CC,. Use of gabapentin for perioperative pain control-a meta-analysis. Pain Research and Management 2007; 12: 85-92.
10. Ho KY, Gan TJ, Habib AS,. Gabapentin and postoperative pain-a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Pain 2006; 126: 91-101.
11. Tiippana EM, Hamunen K, Kontinen VK, Kalso E,. Do surgical patients benefit from perioperative gabapentin/pregabalin? A systematic review of efficacy and safety. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2007; 104: 1545-56.
12. Espitalier F, Tavernier E, Remérand F, et al., Heterogeneity in meta-analyses of treatment of acute postoperative pain: a review. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013; 111: 897-906.
13. Beaussier M,. Frequency, intensity, development and repercussions of postoperative pain as a function of the type of surgery. Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 1997; 17: 471-93.
14. Dwan K, Altman DG, Arnaiz JA, et al., Systematic review of the empirical evidence of study publication bias and outcome reporting bias. PLoS ONE 2008; 3: e3081.
15. Hopewell S, Loudon K, Clarke MJ, Oxman AD, Dickersin K,. Publication bias in clinical trials due to statistical significance or direction of trial results. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009; 1: MR000006.
16. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C,. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. British Medical Journal 1997; 315: 629-34.
17. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Vist GE, Falck-Ytter Y, Schünemann HJ,. What is "quality of evidence" and why is it important to clinicians? British Medical Journal 2008; 336: 995-8.
18. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG,. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Annals of Internal Medicine 2009; 151: 264-9.
19. Dickersin K,. The existence of publication bias and risk factors for its occurrence. Journal of the American Medical Association 1990; 263: 1385-9.
20. Dworkin RH, Turk DC, Wyrwich KW, et al., Interpreting the clinical importance of treatment outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations. Journal of Pain 2008; 9: 105-21.
21. Anderson R, Saiers JH, Abram S, et al., Accuracy in equianalgesic dosing. conversion dilemmas. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2001; 21: 397-406.
22. Pereira J, Lawlor P, Vigano A, et al., Equianalgesic dose ratios for opioids. a critical review and proposals for long-term dosing. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2001; 22: 672-87.
23. Patanwala AE, Duby J, Waters D, et al., Opioid conversions in acute care. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2007; 41: 255-66.
24. Jylli L, Lundberg S, Langius-Eklöf A, Olsson GL,. Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of ketobemidone and morphine for management of postoperative pain in children: a randomized, controlled study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2004; 48: 1256-9.
25. Carlisle JB,. Systematic reviews: how they work and how to use them. Anaesthesia 2007; 62: 702-7.
26. Higgins J, Deeks JJ, Altman DG,. Special topics in statistics. In: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2008: 481-529.
27. Higgins J, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, et al., The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. British Medical Journal 2011; 343: d5928.
28. Duval S, Tweedie R,. Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics 2000; 56: 455-63.
29. Orwin RG,. A fail-safe N for effect size in meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Statistics 1983; 8: 157-9.
30. Thompson SG, Higgins JPT,. How should meta-regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted? Statistics in Medicine 2002; 21: 1559-73.
31. Review Manager (RevMan) [Computer program]. Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2012.
32. Comprehensive Meta-analysis Version 3. Englewood, NJ: Biostat, 2015.
33. Mardani-Kivi M, Mobarakeh MK, Keyhani S, Motlagh KH, Ekhtiari KS,. Is gabapentin effective on pain management after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? A triple blinded randomized controlled trial. Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery 2013; 1: 18-22.
34. Ménigaux C, Adam F, Guignard B, Sessler DI, Chauvin M,. Preoperative gabapentin decreases anxiety and improves early functional recovery from knee surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2005; 100: 1394-9.
35. Adam F, Ménigaux C, Sessler DI, Chauvin M,. A single preoperative dose of gabapentin (800 milligrams) does not augment postoperative analgesia in patients given interscalene brachial plexus blocks for arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2006; 103: 1278-82.
36. Montazeri K, Kashefi P, Honarmand A,. Pre-emptive gabapentin significantly reduces postoperative pain and morphine demand following lower extremity orthopaedic surgery. Singapore Medical Journal 2007; 48: 748-51.
37. Bang SR, Yu SK, Kim TH,. Can gabapentin help reduce postoperative pain in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Arthroscopy 2010; 26: S106-11.
38. Spence D, Goff J, Mohan E, et al., Perioperative administration of gabapentin for shoulder arthroscopy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. AANA Journal 2011; 79: S43-50.
39. Clarke HA, Katz J, McCartney CJ, et al., Perioperative gabapentin reduces 24 h opioid consumption and improves in-hospital rehabilitation but not post-discharge outcomes after total knee arthroplasty with peripheral nerve block. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2014; 113: 855-64.
40. Paul JE, Nantha-Aree M, Buckley N, et al., Gabapentin does not improve multimodal analgesia outcomes for total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 2013; 60: 423-31.
41. Clarke H, Pereira S, Kennedy D, et al., Gabapentin decreases morphine consumption and improves functional recovery following total knee arthroplasty. Pain Research and Management 2009; 14: 217-22.
42. Clarke H, Pereira S, Kennedy D, et al., Adding gabapentin to a multimodal regimen does not reduce acute pain, opioid consumption or chronic pain after total hip arthroplasty. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2009; 53: 1073-83.
43. Clarke H, Kay J, Orser BA, Gollish J, Mitsakakis N, Katz J,. Gabapentin does not reduce preoperative anxiety when given prior to total hip arthroplasty. Pain Medicine 2010; 11: 966-71.
44. Clarke H, Kay J, Mitsakakis N, Katz J,. Acute pain after total hip arthroplasty does not predict the development of chronic postsurgical pain 6 months later. Journal of Anesthesia 2010; 24: 537-43.
45. Ghai A, Gupta M, Hooda S, Singla D, Wadhera R,. A randomized controlled trial to compare pregabalin with gabapentin for postoperative pain in abdominal hysterectomy. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia 2011; 5: 252-7.
46. Frouzanfard F, Fazel MR, Abolhasani A, Fakharian E, Mousavi G, Moravveji A,. Effects of gabapentin on pain and opioid consumption after abdominal hysterectomy. Pain Research and Management 2013; 18: 94-6.
47. Behdad S, Ayatollahi V, Bafghi AT, Tezerjani MD, Abrishamkar M,. Effect of gabapentin on postoperative pain and operation complications: a randomized placebo controlled trial. West Indian Medical Journal 2012; 61: 128-33.
48. Ajori L, Nazari L, Mazloomfard MM, Amiri Z,. Effects of gabapentin on postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after abdominal hysterectomy: a double blind randomized clinical trial. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2012; 285: 677-82.
49. Sen H, Sizlan A, Yanarates O,. A comparison of gabapentin and ketamine in acute and chronic pain after hysterectomy. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2009; 109: 1645-50.
50. Durmus M, Kadir But A, Saricicek V, Ilksen Toprak H, Ozcan Ersoy M,. The post-operative analgesic effects of a combination of gabapentin and paracetamol in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy: a randomized clinical trial. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2007; 51: 299-304.
51. Fassoulaki A, Stamatakis E, Petropoulos G, Siafaka I, Hassiakos D, Sarantopoulos C,. Gabapentin attenuates late but not acute pain after abdominal hysterectomy. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 2006; 23: 136-41.
52. Turan A, White PF, Karamanlioglu B, et al., Gabapentin: an alternative to the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors for perioperative pain management. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2006; 102: 175-81.
53. Gilron I, Orr E, Tu D, O'Neill JP, Zamora JE, Bell AC,. A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of perioperative administration of gabapentin, rofecoxib and their combination for spontaneous and movement-evoked pain after abdominal hysterectomy. Pain 2005; 113: 191-200.
54. Rorarius MG, Mennander S, Suominen P, et al., Gabapentin for the prevention of postoperative pain after vaginal hysterectomy. Pain 2004; 110: 175-81.
55. Turan A, Karamanlioglu B, Memis D, Usar P, Pamukçu Z, Türe M,. The analgesic effects of gabapentin after total abdominal hysterectomy. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2004; 98: 1370-3.
56. Dierking G, Duedahl TH, Rasmussen ML, et al., Effects of gabapentin on postoperative morphine consumption and pain after abdominal hysterectomy: a randomized, double-blind trial. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2004; 48: 322-7.
57. Khan MA, Siddiqi KJ, Aqeel M,. Effect of gabapentin on opioid requirements in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care 2013; 17: 131-5.
58. Ghai A, Gupta M, Rana N, Wadhera R,. The effect of pregabalin and gabapentin on preoperative anxiety and sedation: a double blind study. Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care 2012; 16: 257-61.
59. Sekhavat L, Zare F, Mojibian M,. The postoperative analgesic effects of low-dose gabapentin in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2009; 15: 37-40.
60. Ghafari MH, Akrami M, Nouralishahi B, Sadegh A,. Preoperative gabapentin or clonidine decreases postoperative pain and morphine consumption after abdominal hysterectomy. Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2009; 4: 458-63.
61. Verma A, Arya S, Sahu S, Lata I, Pandey HD, Singh H,. To evaluate the role of gabapentin as preemptive analgesic in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy in epidural anaesthesia. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 2008; 52: 428-31.
62. Grosen K, Drewes AM, Højsgaard A, Pfeiffer-Jensen M, Hjortdal VE, Pilegaard HK,. Perioperative gabapentin for the prevention of persistent pain after thoracotomy: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 2014; 46: 76-85.
63. Ucak A, Onan B, Sen H, Selcuk I, Turan A, Yilmaz AT,. The effects of gabapentin on acute and chronic postoperative pain after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 2011; 25: 824-9.
64. Menda F, Köner O, Sayin M, Ergenoʇlu M, Küçükaksu S, Aykaç B,. Effects of single-dose gabapentin on postoperative pain and morphine consumption after cardiac surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 2010; 24: 808-13.
65. Rapchuk IL, O'Connell L, Liessmann CD, Cornelissen HR, Fraser JF,. Effect of gabapentin on pain after cardiac surgery: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 2010; 38: 445-51.
66. Kinney MA, Mantilla CB, Carns PE, et al., Preoperative gabapentin for acute post-thoracotomy analgesia: a randomized, double-blinded, active placebo-controlled study. Pain Practice 2012; 12: 175-83.
67. Huot MP, Chouinard P, Girard F, Ruel M, Lafontaine ER, Ferraro P,. Gabapentin does not reduce post-thoracotomy shoulder pain: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 2008; 55: 337-43.
68. Soltanzadeh M, Ebad A, Pipelzadeh MR, et al., Gabapentin may relieve post-coronary artery bypass graft pain: a double blind randomized clinical trial. International Cardiovascular Research Journal 2011; 5: 79-82.
69. Koşucu M, Tuʇcugil E, Ertürk E, et al., The effects of the pre-emptive oral gabapentin on post-anesthesia recovery criteria, acute post-thoracotomy pain and development of chronicity in pain with benign thoracotomy operations. Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2014; 22: 389-96.
70. Syal K, Goma M, Dogra RK, Ohri A, Gupta AK, Goel A,. "Protective premedication": a comparative study of acetaminophen, gabapentin and combination of acetaminophen with gabapentin for post-operative analgesia. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology 2010; 26: 531-6.
71. Neogi M, Basak S, Ghosh D, Mukherjee S, Dawn S, Bhattacharjee DP,. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study on the effects of gabapentin premedication on hemodynamic stability during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology 2012; 28: 456-9.
72. Pandey CK, Tripathi M, Joshi G, Karna ST, Singh N, Singh PK,. Prophylactic use of gabapentin for prevention of succinylcholine-induced fasciculation and myalgia: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2012; 58: 19-22.
73. Srivastava U, Kumar A, Saxena S, Mishra AR, Saraswat N, Mishra S,. Effect of preoperative gabapentin on postoperative pain and tramadol consumption after minilap open cholecystectomy: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 2010; 27: 331-5.
74. Khademi S, Ghaffarpasand F, Heiran HR, Asefi A,. Effects of preoperative gabapentin on postoperative nausea and vomiting after open cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Medical Principles and Practice 2010; 19: 57-60.
75. Gilron I, Orr E, Tu D, Mercer CD, Bond D,. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of perioperative administration of gabapentin, meloxicam and their combination for spontaneous and movement-evoked pain after ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2009; 108: 623-30.
76. Pandey CK, Priye S, Ambesh SP, Singh S, Singh U, Singh PK,. Prophylactic gabapentin for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2006; 52: 97-100.
77. Pandey CK, Priye S, Singh S, Singh U, Singh RB, Singh PK,. Preemptive use of gabapentin significantly decreases postoperative pain and rescue analgesic requirements in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 2004; 51: 358-63.
78. Maleh PA, Alijanpour E, Nickbakhsh N, Modarress R, Naghshineh A, Mohammad E,. Effects of gabapentin on postoperative pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2013; 23: 28-31.
79. Semira Z, Tandon VR, Bashir A, Kour K,. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, trial comparing the effectiveness of gabapentin, ondansetron & dexamethasone in prevention of nausea & vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JK Science 2013; 15: 117-21.
80. Bashir F, Mohd K, Qazi S, Hashia AM,. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study evaluating preventive role of gabapentin for PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JK Science 2009; 11: 190-3.
81. Saeed MH, Krikor AW, Yaquob ZA, Yihya MW, Khayat HS,. Preoperative gabapentin in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Basrah Journal of Surgery 2013; 19: 24-9.
82. Kotsovolis G, Karakoulas K, Grosomanidis V, Tziris N,. Comparison between the combination of gabapentin, ketamine, lornoxicam, and local ropivacaine and each of these drugs alone for pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized trial. Pain Practice 2014; 15: 355-63.
83. Sousa CF, Alves Neto O,. O uso pré-operatõrio de gabapentina diminui a dor põs-operatõria em pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia convencional. Revista Dor 2009; 10: 246-9.
84. Bhandari V, Dhasmana DC, Sharma JP, Sachan PK, Chaturvedi A, Dureja S,. Gabapentin for post-operative nausea and vomiting: a pilot study. International Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 2014; 3: 627-31.
85. Pathak L, Chaturvedi A,. Effect of gabapentin premedication on preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain. Health Renaissance 2013; 11: 254-9.
86. Soroush A, Masoomi H, Khorgami Z, Mojtaba Marashi S, Mofid R,. Effect of prophylactic gabapentin on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgical Sciences 2012; 1: 17-20.
87. Bharti N, Bala I, Narayan V, Singh G,. Effect of gabapentin pretreatment on propofol consumption, hemodynamic variables, and postoperative pain relief in breast cancer surgery. Acta Anaesthesiologica Taiwanica 2013; 51: 10-3.
88. Amr YM, Yousef AA,. Evaluation of efficacy of the perioperative administration of Venlafaxine or gabapentin on acute and chronic postmastectomy pain. Clinical Journal of Pain 2010; 26: 381-5.
89. Grover VK, Mathew PJ, Yaddanapudi S, Sehgal S,. A single dose of preoperative gabapentin for pain reduction and requirement of morphine after total mastectomy and axillary dissection: randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2009; 55: 257-60.
90. Fassoulaki A, Patris K, Sarantopoulos C, Hogan Q,. The analgesic effect of gabapentin and mexiletine after breast surgery for cancer. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2002; 95: 985-91.
91. Dirks J, Fredensborg BB, Christensen D, Fomsgaard JS, Flyger H, Dahl JB,. A randomized study of the effects of single-dose gabapentin versus placebo on postoperative pain and morphine consumption after mastectomy. Anesthesiology 2002; 97: 560-4.
92. Azemati S, Dokouhaki AG, Talei A, Khademi S, Moin-Vaziri N,. Evaluation of the effect of a preoperative single dose of gabapentin on emergence agitation in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. Middle East Journal of Cancer 2013; 4: 145-51.
93. Metry A, Ishak S, Khattab A,. Does gabapentin have preemptive effects in women undergoing mastectomy? Anaesthesia and Intensive Care in Italy 2008; 59: 62-76.
94. Butt A, Mohammad K, Ommid M, Ahmad M, Jehan N, Qazi S,. A randomized double blind placebo controlled study of prophylactic gabapentin for prevention of postoperative pain and morphine consumption in patients undergoing mastectomy. Internet Journal of Anesthesiology 2010; 30: 1.
95. Mikkelsen S, Hilsted KL, Andersen PJ, et al., The effect of gabapentin on post-operative pain following tonsillectomy in adults. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2006; 50: 809-15.
96. Kiliç E, Mizrak A, Göksu S, Cesur M,. Preemptive analgesic efficacy of gabapentin and nimesulide in the functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Agri Dergisi 2014; 26: 73-81.
97. Lee JH, Lee HK, Chun NH, So Y, Lim CY,. The prophylactic effects of gabapentin on postoperative sore throat after thyroid surgery. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2013; 64: 138-42.
98. Kazak Z, Meltem Mortimer N, Sekerci S,. Single dose of preoperative analgesia with gabapentin (600 mg) is safe and effective in monitored anesthesia care for nasal surgery. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 2010; 267: 731-6.
99. Brogly N, Wattier JM, Andrieu G, et al., Gabapentin attenuates late but not early postoperative pain after thyroidectomy with superficial cervical plexus block. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2008; 107: 1720-5.
100. Al-Mujadi H, A-Refai AR, Katzarov MG, Dehrab NA, Batra YK, Al-Qattan AR,. Preemptive gabapentin reduces postoperative pain and opioid demand following thyroid surgery. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 2006; 53: 268-73.
101. Turan A, Memis D, Karamanlioglu B, Yaʇiz R, Pamukçu Z, Yavuz E,. The analgesic effects of gabapentin in monitored anesthesia care for ear-nose-throat surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2004; 99: 375-8.
102. Mohammed MH, Fahmy AM, Hakim KYK,. Preoperative gabapentin augments intraoperative hypotension and reduces postoperative opioid requirements with functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia 2012; 28: 189-92.
103. Nesioonpour S, Behaeen K, Dehghani Firoozabadi M, et al., Effects of gabapentin on acute pain after nasal septoplasty. Otorinolaringologia 2014; 64: 65-9.
104. Abdelmageed W, Abdelrazik S, Nassar A, Abdelkawi M,. Analgesic effects of gabapentine in tonsillectomy. Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010; 38: 51-8.
105. Marashi SM, Morabi AA, Ghafari MH, Azimaraghi O, Movafegh A,. The effect of pre-operative oral clonidine or gabapentin on post-operative pain intensity, morphine consumption and post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients who undergone thyroidectomy: a double-blind placebo-control study. Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Research 2012; 3: 4.
106. Debaecker L, Roosebeke A, Garot M, et al., Preoperative administration of gabapentin and residual pain after thyroid surgery: a double blind randomized study against placebo. Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 2014; 33: A147-8.
107. Işik B, Yaman S, Aktuna S, Turan A,. Analgesic efficacy of prophylactic gabapentin and lornoxicam in preventing postendodontic pain. Pain Medicine 2014; 15: 2150-5.
108. Mogadam AY, Fazel MR, Parviz S,. Comparison of analgesic effect between gabapentin and diclofenac on post-operative pain in patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Archives of Trauma Research 2012; 1: 108-11.
109. Jeon EJ, Park YS, Park SS, Lee SK, Kim DH,. The effectiveness of gabapentin on post-tonsillectomy pain control. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 2009; 266: 1605-9.
110. Jahromi HE, Gholami M, Rezaei F,. A randomized double-blinded placebo controlled study of four interventions for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in maxillofacial trauma surgery. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 2013; 24: e623-7.
111. Khurana G, Jindal P, Sharma JP, Bansal KK,. Postoperative pain and long-term functional outcome after administration of gabapentin and pregabalin in patients undergoing spinal surgery. Spine 2014; 39: E363-8.
112. Erten EE, Bilgen FB, Çekmen N, Özhan MÖ, Orhan ME, Kurt E,. The analgesic effect of different doses of preemptive gabapentin preoperatively on patients undergoing elective laminectomy during postoperative period. Anestezi Dergisi 2010; 18: 99-105.
113. Leung JM, Sands LP, Rico M, et al., Pilot clinical trial of gabapentin to decrease postoperative delirium in older patients. Neurology 2006; 67: 1251-3.
114. Khan ZH, Rahimi M, Makarem J, Khan RH,. Optimal dose of pre-incision/post-incision gabapentin for pain relief following lumbar laminectomy: a randomized study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandanavica 2011; 55: 306-12.
115. Vahedi P, Shimia M, Aghamohammadi D, Mohajernezhadfard Z, Shoeibi A, Lotfinia I,. Does preemptive gabapentin reduce morphine consumption and remaining leg pain after lumbar discectomy?: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Neurosurgery Quarterly 2011; 21: 114-20.
116. Radhakrishnan M, Bithal PK, Chaturvedi A,. Effect of preemptive gabapentin on postoperative pain relief and morphine consumption following lumbar laminectomy and discectomy: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 2005; 17: 125-8.
117. Turan A, Karamanloglu B, Memis D, et al., Analgesic effects of gabapentin after spinal surgery. Anesthesiology 2004; 100: 935-8.
118. Pandey CK, Sahay S, Gupta D, et al., Preemptive gabapentin decreases postoperative pain after lumbar discectomy. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 2004; 51: 986-9.
119. Pandey CK, Navkar DV, Giri PJ, et al., Evaluation of the optimal preemptive dose of gabapentin for postoperative pain relief after lumbar diskectomy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 2005; 17: 65-8.
120. Ozgencil E, Yalcin S, Tuna H, Yorukoglu D, Kecik Y,. Perioperative administration of gabapentin 1,200 mg day-1 and pregabalin 300 mg day-1 for pain following lumbar laminectomy and discectomy: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Singapore Medical Journal 2011; 52: 883-9.
121. Kiskira O, Kolotoura A, Tsitsopoulos P, Karmiri E, Emexidis T, Pouliou A,. The effect of gabapentin on preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing lumbar discectomy. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 2006; 23: 145.
122. Short J, Downey K, Bernstein P, Shah V, Carvalho JC,. A single preoperative dose of gabapentin does not improve postcesarean delivery pain management: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2012; 115: 1336-42.
123. Moore A, Costello J, Wieczorek P, Shah V, Taddio A, Carvalho JC,. Gabapentin improves postcesarean delivery pain management: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2011; 112: 167-73.
124. Mahoori A, Noroozinia H, Hasani E, Hosainzadeh S,. The effect of pre-operative administration of gabapentin on post-operative pain relief after herniorrhaphy. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia 2014; 8: 220-3.
125. Parikh HG, Dash SK, Upasani CB,. Study of the effect of oral gabapentin used as preemptive analgesia to attenuate post-operative pain in patients undergoing abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia 2010; 4: 137-41.
126. Siddiqui NT, Fischer H, Guerina L, Friedman Z,. Effect of a preoperative gabapentin on postoperative analgesia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease following major bowel surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pain Practice 2014; 14: 132-9.
127. Sen H, Sizlan A, Yanarateş O, et al., The effects of gabapentin on acute and chronic pain after inguinal herniorrhaphy. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 2009; 26: 772-6.
128. Sava M, Rusu N,. Effects of gabapentin on preoperative anxiety and postoperative analgesia with morphine in rectocolic surgery. Romanian Journal of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 2009; 16: 10-6.
129. Mohammadi SS, Seyedi M,. Comparing oral gabapentin versus clonidine as premedication on early postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia. International Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 4: 153-6.
130. Radwan K, Youssef M, El-Tawdy A, Zeidan M, Kamal N,. Melatonin versus gabapentin. A comparative study as preemptive medications. Internet. Journal of Anesthesiology 2010; 23: 1.
131. Zaldivar Ramirez FR,. Eficacia de uso de la gabapentina en el control del dolor, nausea y vomito en el postoperatorio de la funduplicatura laparoscopica tipo nissen. (Doctoral dissertation 2011). http://www.repositoriodigital.ipn.mx/handle/123456789/12298 (accessed 29/12/2014).
132. Jadeja CA, Jadaliwala R, Kathiria M,. Pre-emptive use of gabapentin for post-operative pain relief in upper abdominal surgeries. Indian Journal of Pain 2014; 28: 99-104.
133. Bafna U, Rajarajeshwaran K, Khandelwal M, Verma AP,. A comparison of effect of preemptive use of oral gabapentin and pregabalin for acute post-operative pain after surgery under spinal anesthesia. Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology 2014; 30: 373-7.
134. Bartholdy J, Hilsted KL, Hjortsoe NC, Engbaek J, Dahl JB,. Effect of gabapentin on morphine demand and pain after laparoscopic sterilization using Filshie clips. A double blind randomized clinical trial. BMC Anesthesiology 2006; 6: 12.
135. Chowdhury L, Chakraborty S, Chakrabarti J, Bhattacharya D, Mandals M,. Analgesic effect of low gynaecological surgery under general anaesthesia. Journal of the Indian Medical Association 2010; 108: 734-7.
136. Mohammadi SS, Seyedi M,. Effects of gabapentin on early postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic surgery for assisted reproductive technologies. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 2008; 11: 1878-80.
137. Said-Ahmed HAF,. Dose ranging study of gabapentin for postoperative pain after myomectomy. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care in Italy 2007; 58: 23-34.
138. Kang HS, Park HJ, Choi J, Park SJ, Lee SK,. The optimal preemptive dose of gabapentin following gynecologic surgery. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2009; 56: 309-12.
139. Rimaz S, Alavi CE, Sedighinejad A, Tolouie M, Kavoosi S, Koochakinejad L,. Effect of gabapentin on morphine consumption and pain after surgical debridement of burn wounds: a double-blind randomized clinical trial study. Archives of Trauma Research 2012; 1: 38-43.
140. Turan A, Kaya G, Karamanlioglu B, Pamukcu Z, Apfel CC,. Effect of oral gabapentin on postoperative epidural analgesia. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2006; 96: 242-6.
141. Raghove P, Jaiswal R, Singh K,. Evaluating the effect of preoperative oral gabapentin on postoperative pain in patients receiving spinal anaesthesia for lower limb surgery. South African Journal of Anaesthesiology and Analgesia 2010; 16: 9-12.
142. Waikakul W,. Combination of gabapentin and celecoxib for analgesia after major orthopedic surgery: A randomized, controlled trial. Asian Biomedicine 2011; 5: 101-10.
143. Tuncer S, Bariskaner H, Reisli R, Sarkilar G, Çicekci F, Otelcioglu S,. Effect of gabapentin on postoperative pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Pain Clinic 2005; 17: 95-9.
144. Sheen MJ, Ho ST, Lee CH, Tsung YC, Chang FL,. Preoperative gabapentin prevents intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus after orthopedic surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2008; 106: 1868-72.
145. Panah Khahi M, Yaghooti AA, Marashi SH, Nadjafi A,. Effect of pre-emptive gabapentin on postoperative pain following lower extremity orthopaedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia. Singapore Medical Journal 2011; 52: 879-82.
146. Panah Khahi M, Marashi SH, Khajavi MR, et al., Post-incisional gabapentin: is that an effective postoperative analgesic? Pain Practice 2012; 12: 137.
147. Khezri MB, Oladi MR, Atlasbaf A,. Effect of melatonin and gabapentin on anxiety and pain associated with retrobulbar eye block for cataract surgery: a randomized double-blind study. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2013; 45: 581-6.
148. Lichtinger A, Purcell TL, Schanzlin DJ, Chayet AS,. Gabapentin for postoperative pain after photorefractive keratectomy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Refractive Surgery 2011; 27: 613-7.
149. Kuhnle MD, Ryan DS, Coe CD, et al., Oral gabapentin for photorefractive keratectomy pain. Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery 2011; 37: 364-9.
150. Pakravan M, Roshani M, Yazdani S, Faramazi A, Yaseri M,. Pregabalin and gabapentin for post-photorefractive keratectomy pain: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Ophthalmology 2012; 22: S106-13.
151. El Bakry AEA, Marey H,. The effect of gabapentin premedication on pain and anxiety during cataract surgery under peribulbar block. Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia 2012; 28: 43-7.
152. Misra S, Parthasarathi G, Vilanilam GC,. The effect of gabapentin premedication on postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pain in patients on preoperative dexamethasone undergoing craniotomy for intracranial tumors. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 2013; 25: 386-91.
153. Türe H, Sayin M, Karlikaya G, Bingol CA, Aykac B, Türe U,. The analgesic effect of gabapentin as a prophylactic anticonvulsant drug on postcraniotomy pain: a prospective randomized study. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2009; 109: 1625-31.
154. Özcan B, Turgut N, Altan A, Ali A, Kaya M,. Pre-emptive gabapentin for supratentorial tumour surgery. Okmeydani Tip Dergisi 2012; 28: 126-33.
155. Clarke H, Kirkham KR, Orser BA, et al., Gabapentin reduces preoperative anxiety and pain catastrophizing in highly anxious patients prior to major surgery: a blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 2013; 60: 432-43.
156. Adam F, Bordenave L, Sessler DI, Chauvin M,. Effects of a single 1200-mg preoperative dose of gabapentin on anxiety and memory. Annales Francaises d Anesthesie et de Reanimation 2012; 31: e223-7.
157. Tirault M, Foucan L, Debaene B, et al., Gabapentin premedication: assessment of preoperative anxiolysis and postoperative patient satisfaction. Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica 2010; 61: 203-9.
158. Prabhakar H, Arora R, Bithal PK, Rath GP, Dash HH,. The analgesic effects of preemptive gabapentin in patients undergoing surgery for brachial plexus injury-a preliminary study. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 2007; 19: 235-8.
159. Rajendran I, Basavareddy A, Meher BR, Srinivasan S,. Prospective, randomised, double blinded controlled trial of gabapentin and pregabalin as pre emptive analgesia in patients undergoing lower abdominal and limb surgery under spinal anaesthesia. Indian Journal of Pain 2014; 28: 155-9.
160. Arora V, Yajnik S, Rastogi S, Bhandari R,. Evaluation of oral gabapentin versus oral pregabalin in acute postoperative pain in surgeries under spinal anaesthesia. Indian Journal of Pain 2009; 23: 401-6.
161. Bala I, Bharti N, Chaubey VK, Mandal AK,. Efficacy of gabapentin for prevention of postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Urology 2012; 79: 853-7.
162. Agarwal A, Dhiraaj S, Pawar S, Kapoor R, Gupta D, Singh PK,. An evaluation of the efficacy of gabapentin for prevention of catheter-related bladder discomfort: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2007; 105: 1454-7.
163. Koc S, Memis D, Sut N,. The preoperative use of gabapentin, dexamethasone, and their combination in varicocele surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2007; 105: 1137-42.
164. Pandey CK, Singhal V, Kumar M, et al., Gabapentin provides effective postoperative analgesia whether administered pre-emptively or post-incision. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 2005; 52: 827-31.
165. Foroozanfard F, Fazel MR, Moraveji AR, Gha M, Abolhasani A,. The gabapentin effect on pain morphine consumption after total abdominal hysterectomy. Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 2012; 20: 79-89.
166. Omran AF, Mohamed AER,. A randomized study of the effects of gabapentin versus placebo on post-thoracotomy pain and pulmonary function. Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia 2005; 21: 277-81.
167. Doha NM, Rady A, El Azab SR,. Preoperative use of gabapentin decreases the anesthetic and analgesic requirements in patients undergoing radical mastectomy. Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia 2010; 26: 287-91.
168. Abdel-Halim JMK, ElAwady GA, ElShaikh SM, Azer MS,. Gabapentin and dexamethasone as adjuvants for intraoperative and postoperative pain management. Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia 2009; 25: 357-64.
169. Takmaz SA, Kaymak C, Pehlivan BS, Dikmen B,. Effect of preoperative 900 and 1200 mg single oral dose of gabapentin on postoperative pain relief and tramadol consumption in open cholecystectomy surgery. Agri Dergisi 2007; 19: 32-8.
170. Najafi Anaraki A, Mirzaei K,. The effect of gabapentin versus intrathecal fentanyl on postoperative pain and morphine consumption in cesarean delivery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2014; 290: 47-52.
171. Çelebi T, Kocamanoʇlu IS, Üstün YB, Üstün E, Şahinoʇlu H,. The effects of pre-emptive ketamine and gabapentin on the consumption of volatile agents, postoperative analgesia requirements and chronic pain. Turkish Journal of Anaesthesia and Reanimation 2013; 41: 38-43.
172. Tiwari AK, Tayal S, Chadha M, Ganguly S, Mandhyan R,. Effect of oral clonidine, etoricoxib, and gabapentin as premedication on sensory and motor blocks and post operative analgesia in surgeries under subarachnoid block using bupivacaine. American Journal of Therapeutics 2014; 21: 143-7.
173. Deniz MN, Sertoz N, Erhan E, Ugur G,. Effects of preoperative gabapentin on postoperative pain after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Journal of International Medical Research 2012; 40: 2362-9.
174. Dhasmana S, Singh V, Pal US,. The combined analgesic effect of gabapentin and transdermal fentanyl patch on acute and chronic pain after maxillary cancer surgeries. Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery 2009; 8: 55-9.
175. Ercan S, Akpek E, Aslim E, Akay T, Donmez A,. The effects of gabapentin on intraoperative cooperation, stress response and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing carotid endartectomy with regional anesthesia. Gogus-Kalp-Damar Anestezi ve Yogun Bakim Dernegi Dergisi 2014; 20: 7-15.
176. Kavitha J, Parida S, Kundra P, Srinivasan R,. Oral gabapentin premedication for elderly patients undergoing intraocular surgery. British Journal of Ophthalmology 2013; 97: 900-4.
177. Averbuch M, Katzper M,. Severity of baseline pain and degree of analgesia in the third molar post-extraction dental pain model. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2003; 97: 163-7.
178. Gray A, Kehlet H, Bonnet F, Rawal N,. Predicting postoperative analgesia outcomes: NNT league tables or procedure-specific evidence? British Journal of Anaesthesia 2005; 94: 710-4.
179. Mishriky BM, Waldron NH, Habib AS,. Impact of pregabalin on acute and persistent postoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2014; 114: 10-31.
180. Van Elstraete AC, Tirault M, Lebrun T, et al., The median effective dose of preemptive gabapentin on postoperative morphine consumption after posterior lumbar spinal fusion. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2008; 106: 305-8.
181. Schulz KF, Grimes DA,. Allocation concealment in randomised trials: defending against deciphering. Lancet 2002; 359: 614-8.