Functionalizable low-fouling coatings for label-free biosensing in complex biological media: advances and applications

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

Volumn 407, Issue 14, 2015, Pages 3927-3953

  Vaisocherová, Hana ^a   Brynda, Eduard ^b   Homola, Jiří ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF PHOTONICS AND ELECTRONICS   (Czech Republic)

^b INSTITUTE OF MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Blood plasma; Functionalization; Label free optical biosensors; Non fouling coatings; Polymer brushes; Self assembled monolayers

Indexed keywords

BIOSENSORS; BLOOD; COATINGS; DENDRIMERS; DIAGNOSIS; FOULING; MONOLAYERS; PLASTIC COATINGS;

BLOOD PLASMA; FUNCTIONALIZATIONS; LABEL-FREE OPTICAL BIOSENSORS; NON-FOULING COATINGS; POLYMER BRUSHES;

SELF ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS;

POLYMER;

BIOFOULING; CHEMISTRY; DEVICES; GENETIC PROCEDURES; PLASMA; PROCEDURES; SERUM;

BIOFOULING; BIOSENSING TECHNIQUES; PLASMA; POLYMERS; SERUM;

EID: 84938089565     PISSN: 16182642     EISSN: 16182650     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8606-5     Document Type: Article

References (238)

1. Sun Y-S (2013) Optical biosensors for label-free detection of biomolecular interactions. Instrum Sci Technol 42(2):109-127
2. Fan X, White IM, Shopova SI, Zhu H, Suter JD, Sun Y (2008) Sensitive optical biosensors for unlabeled targets: a review. Anal Chim Acta 620(1-2):8-26
3. Cretich M, Damin F, Pirri G, Chiari M (2006) Protein and peptide arrays: recent trends and new directions. Biomol Eng 23(2-3):77-88
4. Phelan ML, Nock S (2003) Generation of bioreagents for protein chips. Proteomics 3(11):2123-2134
5. Banerjee I, Pangule RC, Kane RS (2011) Antifouling coatings: recent developments in the design of surfaces that prevent fouling by proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms. Adv Mater 23(6):690-718
6. Barbey R, Lavanant L, Paripovic D, Schuwer N, Sugnaux C, Tugulu S, Klok HA (2009) Polymer brushes via surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 109(11):5437-5527
7. Ligler FS, Taitt CAR (2002) Optical biosensors: present and future. Elsevier, Amsterdam Oxford
8. Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Brynda E, Riedel T, Houska M, Subr V, Alles AB, Hasan E, Gautrot JE, Huck WT (2011) Polymer brushes showing non-fouling in blood plasma challenge the currently accepted design of protein resistant surfaces. Macromol Rapid Commun 32(13):952-957
9. Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Brynda E, Riedel T, Sedlakova Z, Houska M, Alles AB (2009) Interaction of blood plasma with antifouling surfaces. Langmuir 25(11):6328-6333
10. Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Kylian O, Houska M, Brynda E, Artemenko A, Kousal J, Alles AB, Biederman H (2011) Substrate-independent approach for the generation of functional protein resistant surfaces. Biomacromolecules 12(4):1058-1066
11. Klok HA, Barbey R, Lavanant L, Paripovic D, Schuwer N, Sugnaux C, Tugulu S (2009) Polymer brushes via surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 109(11):5437-5527
12. Blattler TM, Pasche S, Textor M, Griesser HJ (2006) High salt stability and protein resistance of poly(L-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers covalently immobilized via aldehyde plasma polymer interlayers on inorganic and polymeric substrates. Langmuir 22(13):5760-5769
13. Zhang Z, Chen S, Jiang S (2006) Dual-functional biomimetic materials: nonfouling poly(carboxybetaine) with active functional groups for protein immobilization. Biomacromolecules 7(12):3311-3315
14. Calvo KR, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF (2005) Clinical proteomics: from biomarker discovery and cell signaling profiles to individualized personal therapy. Biosci Rep 25(1-2):107-125
15. Homola J (2008) Surface plasmon resonance sensors for detection of chemical and biological species. Chem Rev 108(2):462-493
16. Bozukova D, Pagnoulle C, De Pauw-Gillet MC, Ruth N, Jerome R, Jerome C (2008) Imparting antifouling properties of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels by grafting poly(oligoethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate). Langmuir 24(13):6649-6658
17. de Feijter JA, Benjamins J, Veer FA (1978) Ellipsometry as a tool to study the ad-sorption of synthetic and biopolymers at the air-water interface. Biopolymers 17:1759-1772
18. Tumolo T, Angnes L, Baptista MS (2004) Determination of the refractive index increment (dn/dc) of molecule and macromolecule solutions by surface plasmon resonance. Anal Biochem 333(2):273-279
19. Heideman RG, Lambeck PV (1999) Remote opto-chemical sensing with extreme sensitivity: design, fabrication and performance of a pigtailed integrated optical phase-modulated Mach-Zehnder interferometer system. Sensors Actuators B Chem 61(1-3):100-127
20. Hsu SH, Huang YT (2005) A novel Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on dual-ARROW structures for sensing applications. J Lightwave Technol 23(12):4200-4206
21. Schmitt K, Schirmer B, Hoffmann C, Brandenburg A, Meyrueis P (2007) Interferometric biosensor based on planar optical waveguide sensor chips for label-free detection of surface bound bioreactions. Biosens Bioelectron 22(11):2591-2597
22. Brandenburg A, Henninger R (1994) Integrated optical young interferometer. Appl Opt 33(25):5941-5947
23. Schneider BH, Edwards JG, Hartman NF (1997) Hartman interferometer: versatile integrated optic sensor for label-free, real-time quantification of nucleic acids, proteins, and pathogens. Clin Chem 43(9):1757-1763
24. Schneider BH, Dickinson EL, Vach MD, Hoijer JV, Howard LV (2000) Optical chip immunoassay for hCG in human whole blood. Biosens Bioelectron 15(11-12):597-604
25. Cush R, Cronin JM, Stewart WJ, Maule CH, Molloy J, Goddard NJ (1993) The resonant mirror: a novel optical biosensor for direct sensing of biomolecular interactions part I: principle of operation and associated instrumentation. Biosens Bioelectron 8(7-8):347-354
26. Goddard NJ, Pollardknight D, Maule CH (1994) Real-time biomolecular interaction analysis using the resonant mirror sensor. Analyst 119(4):583-588
27. Clerc D, Lukosz W (1997) Direct immunosensing with an integrated-optical output grating coupler. Sensors Actuators B Chem 40(1):53-58
28. Andrade JD (ed) (1985) Surface and interfacial aspects of biomedial polymers. Plenun Press, New York
29. Andrade JD, Hlady VL, Vanwagenen RA (1984) Effects of plasma-protein adsorption on protein conformation and activity. Pure Appl Chem 56(10):1345-1350
30. Schmaier AH, Silver L, Adams AL, Fischer GC, Munoz PC, Vroman L, Colman RW (1984) The effect of high molecular weight kininogen on surface-adsorbed fibrinogen. Thromb Res 33(1):51-67
31. Vroman L (2008) Finding seconds count after contact with blood (and that is all I did). Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 62(1):1-4
32. Jiang SY, Cao ZQ (2010) Ultralow-fouling, functionalizable, and hydrolyzable zwitterionic materials and their derivatives for biological applications. Adv Mater 22(9):920-932
33. Ladd J, Zhang Z, Chen S, Hower JC, Jiang S (2008) Zwitterionic polymers exhibiting high resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption from human serum and plasma. Biomacromolecules 9(5):1357-1361
34. Vaisocherova H, Yang W, Zhang Z, Cao Z, Cheng G, Piliarik M, Homola J, Jiang S (2008) Ultralow fouling and functionalizable surface chemistry based on a zwitterionic polymer enabling sensitive and specific protein detection in undiluted blood plasma. Anal Chem 80(20):7894-7901
35. Williams DF (2009) On the nature of biomaterials. Biomaterials 30(30):5897-5909
36. Halperin A (1999) Polymer brushes that resist adsorption of model proteins: design parameters. Langmuir 15(7):2525-2533
37. Halperin A, Fragneto G, Schollier A, Sferrazza M (2007) Primary versus ternary adsorption of proteins onto PEG brushes. Langmuir 23(21):10603-10617
38. Halperin A, Kröger M (2009) Ternary protein adsorption onto brushes: strong versus weak. Langmuir 25(19):11621-11634
39. Halperin A, Kröger M (2011) Collapse of thermoresponsive brushes and the tuning of protein adsorption. Macromolecules 44(17):6986-7005
40. Unsworth LD, Tun Z, Sheardown H, Brash JL (2005) Chemisorption of thiolated poly(ethylene oxide) to gold: surface chain densities measured by ellipsometry and neutron reflectometry. J Colloid Interface Sci 281(1):112-121
41. Chen S, Li L, Zhao C, Zheng J (2010) Surface hydration: principles and applications toward low-fouling/nonfouling biomaterials. Polymer 51(23):5283-5293
42. Morra M (2000) On the molecular basis of fouling resistance. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 11(6):547-569
43. Vaisocherova H, Sevcu V, Adam P, Spackova B, Hegnerova K, de los Santos Pereira A, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Riedel T, Houska M, Brynda E, Homola J (2014) Functionalized ultra-low fouling carboxy- and hydroxy-functional surface platforms: functionalization capacity, biorecognition capability and resistance to fouling from undiluted biological media. Biosens Bioelectron 51:150-157
44. Chen S, Liu L, Jiang S (2006) Strong resistance of oligo(phosphorylcholine) self-assembled monolayers to protein adsorption. Langmuir 22(6):2418-2421
45. Benesch J, Svedhem S, Svensson SCT, Valiokas R, Liedberg B, Tengvall P (2001) Protein adsorption to oligo(ethylene glycol) self-assembled monolayers: experiments with fibrinogen, heparinized plasma, and serum. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 12(6):581-597
46. Holmlin RE, Chen XX, Chapman RG, Takayama S, Whitesides GM (2001) Zwitterionic SAMs that resist nonspecific adsorption of protein from aqueous buffer. Langmuir 17(9):2841-2850
47. Lee BS, Chi YS, Lee KB, Kim YG, Choi IS (2007) Functionalization of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) films on gold and Si/SiO2 for immobilization of proteins and cells: SPR and QCM studies. Biomacromolecules 8(12):3922-3929
48. Chapman RG, Ostuni E, Takayama S, Holmlin RE, Yan L, Whitesides GM (2000) Surveying for surfaces that resist the adsorption of proteins. J Am Chem Soc 122(34):8303-8304
49. Lin P-C, Weinrich D, Waldmann H (2010) Protein biochips: oriented surface immobilization of proteins. Macromol Chem Phys 211(2):136-144
50. Rusmini F, Zhong Z, Feijen J (2007) Protein immobilization strategies for protein biochips. Biomacromolecules 8(6):1775-1789
51. Albala JS, Humphery-Smith I (eds) (2003) Protein arrays, biochips and proteomics. The next phase of genomic discovery. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York
52. Jonkheijm P, Weinrich D, Schroder H, Niemeyer CM, Waldmann H (2008) Chemical strategies for generating protein biochips. Angew Chem 47(50):9618-9647
53. Kausaite-Minkstimiene A, Ramanaviciene A, Kirlyte J, Ramanavicius A (2010) Comparative study of random and oriented antibody immobilization techniques on the binding capacity of immunosensor. Anal Chem 82(15):6401-6408
54. Song HY, Zhou X, Hobley J, Su X (2011) Comparative study of random and oriented antibody immobilization as measured by dual polarization interferometry and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Langmuir. doi: 10.1021/la202734f
55. Dunne L, Daly S, Baxter A, Haughey S, O'Kennedy R (2005) Surface plasmon resonance-based immunoassay for the detection of aflatoxin B1 using single-chain antibody fragments. Spectrosc Lett 38(3):229-245
56. Orlova A, Magnusson M, Eriksson TLJ, Nilsson M, Larsson B, Höidén-Guthenberg I, Widström C, Carlsson J, Tolmachev V, Ståhl S, Nilsson FY (2006) Tumor imaging using a picomolar affinity HER2 binding affibody molecule. Cancer Res 66(8):4339-4348
57. Renberg B, Nordin J, Merca A, Uhlén M, Feldwisch J, Nygren P-Å, Eriksson Karlström A (2006) Affibody molecules in protein capture microarrays: evaluation of multidomain ligands and different detection formats. J Proteome Res 6(1):171-179
58. Wang Z, Wilkop T, Xu D, Dong Y, Ma G, Cheng Q (2007) Surface plasmon resonance imaging for affinity analysis of aptamer-protein interactions with PDMS microfluidic chips. Anal Bioanal Chem 389(3):819-825
59. Balamurugan S, Obubuafo A, Soper S, Spivak D (2008) Surface immobilization methods for aptamer diagnostic applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 390(4):1009-1021
60. Johnsson B, Löfås S, Lindquist G, Edström A, Müller Hillgren RM, Hansson A (1995) Comparison of methods for immobilization to carboxymethyl dextran sensor surfaces by analysis of the specific activity of monoclonal antibodies. J Mol Recognit JMR 8(1-2):125-131
61. Kroger D, Liley M, Schiweck W, Skerra A, Vogel H (1999) Immobilization of histidine-tagged proteins on gold surfaces using chelator thioalkanes. Biosens Bioelectron 14(2):155-161
62. Prieto-Simin B, Campas M, Marty JL (2008) Biomolecule immobilization in biosensor development: tailored strategies based on affinity interactions. Protein Pept Lett 15(8):757-763
63. Sethi D, Gandhi RP, Kuma P, Gupta KC (2009) Chemical strategies for immobilization of oligonucleotides. Biotechnol J 4(11):1513-1529
64. Diamanti S, Arifuzzaman S, Elsen A, Genzer J, Vaia RA (2008) Reactive patterning via post-functionalization of polymer brushes utilizing disuccinimidyl carbonate activation to couple primary amines. Polymer 49(17):3770-3779
65. Trmcic-Cvitas J, Hasan E, Ramstedt M, Li X, Cooper MA, Abell C, Huck WTS, Gautrot JE (2009) Biofunctionalized protein resistant oligo(ethylene glycol)-derived polymer brushes as selective immobilization and sensing platforms. Biomacromolecules 10(10):2885-2894
66. Ferrero VEV, Andolfi L, Di Nardo G, Sadeghi SJ, Fantuzzi A, Cannistraro S, Gilardi G (2008) Protein and electrode engineering for the covalent immobilization of P450 BMP on gold. Anal Chem 80(22):8438-8446
67. Inoue Y, Ishihara K (2010) Reduction of protein adsorption on well-characterized polymer brush layers with varying chemical structures. Colloids Surf B 81(1):350-357
68. Gautrot JE, Huck WTS, Welch M, Ramstedt M (2010) Protein-resistant NTA-functionalized polymer brushes for selective and stable immobilization of histidine-tagged proteins. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2(1):193-202
69. Keller TA, Duschl C, Kröger D, Sévin-Landais A-F, Vogel H, Cervigni SE, Dumy P (1995) Reversible oriented immobilization of histidine-tagged proteins on gold surfaces using a chelator thioalkane. Supramol Sci 2(3-4):155-160
70. Zhen GL, Falconnet D, Kuennemann E, Voros J, Spencer ND, Textor M, Zurcher S (2006) Nitrilotriacetic acid functionalized graft copolymers: a polymeric interface for selective and reversible binding of histidine-tagged proteins. Adv Funct Mater 16(2):243-251
71. Johnson CP, Jensen IE, Prakasam A, Vijayendran R, Leckband D (2003) Engineered protein A for the orientational control of immobilized proteins. Bioconjug Chem 14(5):974-978
72. Vijayendran RA, Leckband DE (2000) A quantitative assessment of heterogeneity for surface-immobilized proteins. Anal Chem 73(3):471-480
73. Wang Z, Jin G (2003) Feasibility of protein A for the oriented immobilization of immunoglobulin on silicon surface for a biosensor with imaging ellipsometry. J Biochem Biophys Methods 57(3):203-211
74. Chen Y-X, Triola G, Waldmann H (2011) Bioorthogonal chemistry for site-specific labeling and surface immobilization of proteins. Acc Chem Res 44(9):762-773. doi: 10.1021/ar200046h
75. Colombo M, Sommaruga S, Mazzucchelli S, Polito L, Verderio P, Galeffi P, Corsi F, Tortora P, Prosperi D (2012) Site-specific conjugation of ScFvs antibodies to nanoparticles by bioorthogonal strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed 51(2):496-499
76. Sobek J, Bartscherer K, Jacob A, Hoheisel JD, Angenendt P (2006) Microarray technology as a universal tool for high-throughput analysis of biological systems. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 9(5):365-380
77. Wong LS, Khan F, Micklefield J (2009) Selective covalent protein immobilization: strategies and applications. Chem Rev 109(9):4025-4053
78. Chao H, Bautista DL, Litowski J, Irvin RT, Hodges RS (1998) Use of a heterodimeric coiled-coil system for biosensor application and affinity purification. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 715(1):307-329
79. Duckworth BP, Xu J, Taton TA, Guo A, Distefano MD (2006) Site-specific, covalent attachment of proteins to a solid surface. Bioconjug Chem 17(4):967-974
80. Prime K, Whitesides G (1991) Self-assembled organic monolayers: model systems for studying adsorption of proteins at surfaces. Science 252(5009):1164-1167
81. Prime KL, Whitesides GM (1993) Adsorption of proteins onto surfaces containing end-attached oligo(ethylene oxide) - a model system using self-assembled monolayers. J Am Chem Soc 115(23):10714-10721
82. Chapman RG, Ostuni E, Yan L, Whitesides GM (2000) Preparation of mixed Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) that resist adsorption of proteins using the reaction of amines with a SAM that presents interchain carboxylic anhydride groups. Langmuir 16(17):6927-6936
83. Harder P, Grunze M, Dahint R, Whitesides GM, Laibinis PE (1998) Molecular conformation in oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated self-assembled monolayers on gold and silver surfaces determines their ability to resist protein adsorption. J Phys Chem B 102(2):426-436
84. He Y, Chang Y, Hower JC, Zheng J, Chen S, Jiang S (2008) Origin of repulsive force and structure/dynamics of interfacial water in OEG-protein interactions: a molecular simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 10(36):5539-5544
85. Herrwerth S, Eck W, Reinhardt S, Grunze M (2003) Factors that determine the protein resistance of oligoether self-assembled monolayers - internal hydrophilicity, terminal hydrophilicity, and lateral packing density. J Am Chem Soc 125(31):9359-9366
86. Pertsin AJ, Grunze M (2000) Computer simulation of water near the surface of oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers. Langmuir 16(23):8829-8841
87. Riepl M, Östblom M, Lundström I, Svensson SCT, Denier van der Gon AW, Schäferling M, Liedberg B (2005) Molecular gradients: an efficient approach for optimizing the surface properties of biomaterials and biochips. Langmuir 21(3):1042-1050
88. Vanderah DJ, Arsenault J, La H, Gates RS, Silin V, Meuse CW, Valincius G (2003) Structural variations and ordering conditions for the self-assembled monolayers of HS(CH2CH2O)3-6CH3. Langmuir 19(9):3752-3756
89. Zolk M, Eisert F, Pipper J, Herrwerth S, Eck W, Buck M, Grunze M (2000) Solvation of oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated self-assembled monolayers studied by vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy. Langmuir 16(14):5849-5852
90. Zheng J, Li L, Chen S, Jiang S (2004) Molecular simulation study of water interactions with oligo (ethylene glycol)-terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers. Langmuir 20(20):8931-8938
91. Zheng J, Li L, Tsao HK, Sheng YJ, Chen S, Jiang S (2005) Strong repulsive forces between protein and oligo (ethylene glycol) self-assembled monolayers: a molecular simulation study. Biophys J 89(1):158-166
92. Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Houska M, Alles AB, Brynda E (2012) Surfaces resistant to fouling from biological fluids: towards bioactive surfaces for real applications. Macromol Biosci 12(10):1413-1422
93. Boozer C, Ladd J, Chen S, Jiang S (2006) DNA-directed protein immobilization for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes by surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Anal Chem 78(5):1515-1519
94. Boozer C, Ladd J, Chen S, Yu Q, Homola J, Jiang S (2004) DNA directed protein immobilization on mixed ssDNA/oligo(ethylene glycol) self-assembled monolayers for sensitive biosensors. Anal Chem 76(23):6967-6972
95. Springer T, Homola J (2012) Biofunctionalized gold nanoparticles for SPR-biosensor-based detection of CEA in blood plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem. doi: 10.1007/s00216-012-6308-9
96. Vaisocherova H, Faca VM, Taylor AD, Hanash S, Jiang S (2009) Comparative study of SPR and ELISA methods based on analysis of CD166/ALCAM levels in cancer and control human sera. Biosens Bioelectron 24(7):2143-2148
97. Tegoulia VA, Rao WS, Kalambur AT, Rabolt JR, Cooper SL (2001) Surface properties, fibrinogen adsorption, and cellular interactions of a novel phosphorylcholine-containing self-assembled monolayer on gold. Langmuir 17(14):4396-4404
98. Chang Chung Y, Hong Chiu Y, Wei Wu Y, Tai Tao Y (2005) Self-assembled biomimetic monolayers using phospholipid-containing disulfides. Biomaterials 26(15):2313-2324
99. Deng L, Mrksich M, Whitesides GM (1996) Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates presenting tri(propylene sulfoxide) groups resist the adsorption of protein. J Am Chem Soc 118(21):5136-5137
100. Luk YY, Kato M, Mrksich M (2000) Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates presenting mannitol groups are inert to protein adsorption and cell attachment. Langmuir 16(24):9604-9608
101. Bandyopadhyay D, Prashar D, Luk YY (2011) Anti-fouling chemistry of chiral mono layers: enhancing biofilm resistance on racemic surface. Langmuir 27(10):6124-6131
102. Wyszogrodzka M, Haag R (2009) Synthesis and characterization of glycerol dendrons, self-assembled monolayers on gold: a detailed study of their protein resistance. Biomacromolecules 10(5):1043-1054
103. Chelmowski R, Koster SD, Kerstan A, Prekelt A, Grunwald C, Winkler T, Metzler-Nolte N, Terfort A, Woll C (2008) Peptide-based SAMs that resist the adsorption of proteins. J Am Chem Soc 130(45):14952-14953
104. Ulman A (1996) Formation and structure of self-assembled monolayers. Chem Rev 96(4):1533-1554
105. Vaisocherova H, Mrkvova K, Piliarik M, Jinoch P, Steinbachova M, Homola J (2007) Surface plasmon resonance biosensor for direct detection of antibody against Epstein-Barr virus. Biosens Bioelectron 22(6):1020-1026
106. Vaisocherová H, Zítová A, Lachmanová M, Štěpának J, Rosenberg I, Králíková Š, Liboska R, Rejman D, Homola J (2006) Investigating oligonucleotide hybridization at subnanomolar level by surface plasmon resonance method. Biopolymers 82:394-398
107. Piliarik M, Kvasnicka P, Galler N, Krenn JR, Homola J (2011) Local refractive index sensitivity of plasmonic nanoparticles. Opt Express 19(10):9213-9220
108. Xu J, Zhang L, Gong H, Homola J, Yu Q (2011) Tailoring plasmonic nanostructures for optimal SERS sensing of small molecules and large microorganisms. Small 7(3):371-376
109. Amiji M, Park K (1992) Prevention of protein adsorption and platelet adhesion on surfaces by PEO/PPO/PEO triblock copolymers. Biomaterials 13(10):682-692. doi: 10.1016/0142-9612(92)90128-b
110. Maechling-Strasser C, Déjardin P, Galin JC, Schmitt A (1989) Preadsorption of polymers on glass and silica to reduce fibrinogen adsorption. J Biomed Mater Res 23(12):1385-1393
111. Orgeret-Ravanat C, Gramain P, Dejardin P, Schmitt A (1988) Adsorption/desorption of a PEO-rich comb-like polymer at a silica/aqueous solution interface. Colloids Surf 33:109-119
112. Třesohlavá E, Popelka Š, Machová L, Rypáček F (2010) Modification of polylactide surfaces with lactide-ethylene oxide functional block copolymers: accessibility of functional groups. Biomacromolecules 11(1):68-75
113. Pasche S, De Paul SM, Voros J, Spencer ND, Textor M (2003) Poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) assembled monolayers on niobium oxide surfaces: A quantitative study of the influence of polymer interfacial architecture on resistance to protein adsorption by ToF-SIMS and in situ OWLS. Langmuir 19(22):9216-9225
114. McPherson T, Kidane A, Szleifer I, Park K (1998) Prevention of protein adsorption by tethered poly(ethylene oxide) layers: experiments and single-chain mean-field analysis. Langmuir 14(1):176-186
115. Kidane A, Lantz GC, Jo S, Park K (1999) Surface modification with PEO-containing triblock copolymer for improved biocompatibility: in vitro and ex vivo studies. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 10(10):1089-1105
116. Zoulalian V, Zurcher S, Tosatti S, Textor M, Monge S, Robin JJ (2010) Self-assembly of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(alkyl phosphonate) terpolymers on titanium oxide surfaces: synthesis, interface characterization, investigation of nonfouling properties, and long-term stability. Langmuir 26(1):74-82
117. Zoulalian V, Monge S, Zürcher S, Textor M, Robin JJ, Tosatti S (2006) Functionalization of titanium oxide surfaces by means of poly(alkyl-phosphonates). J Phys Chem B 110(51):25603-25605
118. Pop-Georgievski O, Stpn P, Houska M, Chvostová D, Vr P, Rypáček F (2011) Poly(ethylene oxide) layers grafted to dopamine-melanin anchoring layer: stability and resistance to protein adsorption. Biomacromolecules 12(9):3232-3242
119. Sharma S, Johnson RW, Desai TA (2004) Evaluation of the stability of nonfouling ultrathin poly(ethylene glycol) films for silicon-based microdevices. Langmuir 20(2):348-356
120. Du YJ, Brash JL (2003) Synthesis and characterization of thiol-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) for chemisorption to gold surface. J Appl Polym Sci 90(2):594-607
121. Unsworth LD, Sheardown H, Brash JL (2005) Polyethylene oxide surfaces of variable chain density by chemisorption of PEO-thiol on gold: adsorption of proteins from plasma studied by radiolabelling and immunoblotting. Biomaterials 26(30):5927-5933
122. Unsworth LD, Sheardown H, Brash JL (2005) Protein resistance of surfaces prepared by sorption of end-thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) to gold: effect of surface chain density. Langmuir 21(3):1036-1041
123. Unsworth LD, Sheardown H, Brash JL (2008) Protein-resistant poly(ethylene oxide)-grafted surfaces: chain density-dependent multiple mechanisms of action. Langmuir 24(5):1924-1929
124. Dalsin JL, Hu B-H, Lee BP, Messersmith PB (2003) Mussel adhesive protein mimetic polymers for the preparation of nonfouling surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 125(14):4253-4258
125. Dalsin JL, Lin L, Tosatti S, Vörös J, Textor M, Messersmith PB (2005) Protein resistance of titanium oxide surfaces modified by biologically inspired mPEG - DOPA. Langmuir 21(2):640-646
126. Lee H, Dellatore SM, Miller WM, Messersmith PB (2007) Mussel-inspired surface chemistry for multifunctional coatings. Science 318(5849):426-430
127. Zurcher S, Wackerlin D, Bethuel Y, Malisova B, Textor M, Tosatti S, Gademann K (2006) Biomimetic surface modifications based on the cyanobacterial iron chelator anachelin. J Am Chem Soc 128(4):1064-1065
128. Ostuni E, Chapman RG, Holmlin RE, Takayama S, Whitesides GM (2001) A survey of structure-property relationships of surfaces that resist the adsorption of protein. Langmuir 17(18):5605-5620
129. Knoll D, Hermans J (1983) Polymer-protein interactions - comparison of experiment and excluded volume theory. J Biol Chem 258(9):5710-5715
130. Norde W, Gags D (2004) Interaction of bovine serum albumin and human blood plasma with PEO-tethered surfaces: influence of PEO chain length, grafting density, and temperature. Langmuir 20(10):4162-4167
131. Szleifer I (1997) Protein adsorption on surfaces with grafted polymers: a theoretical approach. Biophys J 72(2):595-612
132. Szleifer I (1997) Polymers and proteins: interactions at interfaces. Curr Opinion Solid State Mater Sci 2(3):337-344
133. Brittain WJ, Minko S (2007) A structural definition of polymer brushes. J Polym Sci Polym Chem 45(16):3505-3512
134. Advincula RC, Brittain WJ, Caster KC, Jürgen R (2004) Polymer brushes: synthesis, characterization, applications. Wiley Interscience
135. De Vos K, Girones J, Popelka S, Schacht E, Baets R, Bienstman P (2009) SOI optical microring resonator with poly(ethylene glycol) polymer brush for label-free biosensor applications. Biosens Bioelectron 24(8):2528-2533
136. Feng W, Zhu SP, Ishihara K, Brash JL (2005) Adsorption of fibrinogen and lysozyme on silicon grafted with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Langmuir 21(13):5980-5987
137. Shen M, Martinson L, Wagner MS, Castner DG, Ratner BD, Horbett TA (2002) PEO-like plasma polymerized tetraglyme surface interactions with leukocytes and proteins: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 13:367-390
138. Choukourov A, Gordeev I, Polonskyi O, Artemenko A, Hanyková L, Krakovský I, Kylián O, Slavínská D, Biederman H (2010) Poly(ethylene oxide)-like plasma polymers produced by plasma-assisted vacuum evaporation. Plasma Process Polym 7(6):445-458
139. Muguruma H (2010) Plasma-polymerized films for biochip design. Plasma Process Polym 7(2):151-162
140. von Muhlen MG, Brault ND, Knudsen SM, Jiang S, Manalis SR (2010) Label-free biomarker sensing in undiluted serum with suspended microchannel resonators. Anal Chem 82(5):1905-1910
141. Norde W (2007) Surface-tethered polymers to influence protein adsorption and microbial adhesion. Z Phys Chem 221(1):47-63
142. Quirk RP, Mathers RT, Cregger T, Foster MD (2002) Anionic synthesis of block copolymer brushes grafted from a 1,1-diphenylethylene monolayer. Macromolecules 35(27):9964-9974
143. Advincula R (2006) Polymer brushes by anionic and cationic surface-initiated polymerization (SIP). Adv Polym Sci 197:107-136
144. Li J, Chen X, Chang Y-C (2005) Preparation of end-grafted polymer brushes by nitroxide-mediated free radical polymerization of vaporized vinyl monomers. Langmuir 21(21):9562-9567
145. Dubois P, Coulembier O, Raquez J-M (eds) (2009) Handbook of ring opening polymerization. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
146. Barner-Kowollik C (ed) (2008) Handbook of RAFT polymerization. Wiley-VCH
147. Zoppe JO, Habibi Y, Rojas OJ, Venditti RA, Johansson L-S, Efimenko K, Österberg M, Laine J (2010) Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes grafted from cellulose nanocrystals via surface-initiated single-electron transfer living radical polymerization. Biomacromolecules 11(10):2683-2691
148. Huang X, Wirth MJ (1999) Surface initiation of living radical polymerization for growth of tethered chains of low polydispersity. Macromolecules 32(5):1694-1696
149. Bain CD, Evall J, Whitesides GM (1989) Formation of monolayers by the coadsorption of thiols on gold: variation in the head group, tail group, and solvent. J Am Chem Soc 111(18):7155-7164
150. Matyjaszewski K, Dong H, Jakubowski W, Pietrasik J, Kusumo A (2007) Grafting from surfaces for "Everyone": ARGET ATRP in the presence of air. Langmuir 23(8):4528-4531
151. Tugulu S, Klok H-A (2008) Stability and nonfouling properties of poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) brushes under cell culture conditions. Biomacromolecules 9(3):906-912
152. Brault ND, Gao C, Xue H, Piliarik M, Homola J, Jiang S, Yu Q (2010) Ultra-low fouling and functionalizable zwitterionic coatings grafted onto SiO2 via a biomimetic adhesive group for sensing and detection in complex media. Biosens Bioelectron 25(10):2276-2282
153. Kenausis GL, Voros J, Elbert DL, Huang NP, Hofer R, Ruiz-Taylor L, Textor M, Hubbell JA, Spencer ND (2000) Poly(L-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) layers on metal oxide surfaces: attachment mechanism and effects of polymer architecture on resistance to protein adsorption. J Phys Chem B 104(14):3298-3309
154. Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Jäger A, Jäger E, Stepanek P, Alles AB, Guterres SS, Pohlmann AR, Brynda E (2011) Polymeric nanocapsules ultra stable in complex biological media. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 83(2):376-381
155. Lavanant L, Pullin B, Hubbell JA, Klok H-A (2010) A facile strategy for the modification of polyethylene substrates with non-fouling, bioactive poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) brushes. Macromol Biosci 10(1):101-108
156. Pop-Georgievski O, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Pereira AD, Proks V, Brynda E, Rypacek F (2013) Biomimetic non-fouling surfaces: extending the concepts. J Mater Chem B 1(22):2859-2867
157. Huang W, Kim J-B, Bruening ML, Baker GL (2002) Functionalization of surfaces by water-accelerated atom-transfer radical polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and subsequent derivatization. Macromolecules 35(4):1175-1179
158. de los Santos Pereira A, Riedel T, Brynda E, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C (2014) Hierarchical antifouling brushes for biosensing applications. Sensors Actuators B Chem 202:1313-1321
159. Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Hasan E, Pop-Georgievski O, Houska M, Brynda E, Alles AB (2012) Controlled/living surface-initiated ATRP of antifouling polymer brushes from gold in PBS and blood sera as a model study for polymer modifications in complex biological media. Macromol Biosci 12(4):525-532
160. Ma H, Wells M, Beebe TP, Chilkoti A (2006) Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl methacrylate from a mixed self-assembled monolayer on gold. Adv Funct Mater 16(5):640-648
161. Ma HW, Hyun JH, Stiller P, Chilkoti A (2004) "Non-fouling" oligo(ethylene glycol)-functionalized polymer brushes synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Adv Mater 16(4):338-341
162. Brown AA, Khan NS, Steinbock L, Huck WTS (2005) Synthesis of oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate polymer brushes. Eur Polym J 41(8):1757-1765
163. Paripovic D, Klok H-A (2011) Improving the stability in aqueous media of polymer brushes grafted from silicon oxide substrates by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromol Chem Phys 47:782-791
164. Fan X, Lin L, Messersmith PB (2006) Surface-initiated polymerization from TiO2 nanoparticle surfaces through a biomimetic initiator: a new route toward polymer-matrix nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 66(9):1198-1204
165. Riedel T, Riedelova-Reicheltova Z, Majek P, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Houska M, Dyr JE, Brynda E (2013) Complete identification of proteins responsible for human blood plasma fouling on poly(ethylene glycol)-based surfaces. Langmuir 29(10):3388-3397
166. Kizhakkedathu JN, Janzen J, Le Y, Kainthan RK, Brooks DE (2009) Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)acrylamide) brushes by surface initiated polymerization: effect of macromonomer chain length on brush growth and protein adsorption from blood plasma. Langmuir 25(6):3794-3801
167. Kudaibergenov S, Jaeger W, Laschewsky A (2006) Polymeric betaines: synthesis, characterization, and application. In: Supramolecular polymers polymeric betains oligomers, vol 201. Advances in polymer science. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Berlin, pp 157-224
168. Singh PK, Singh VK, Singh M (2007) ATRP in the design of functional materials for biomedical e-Polymers 030:1
169. Ma IY, Lobb EJ, Billingham NC, Armes SP, Lewis AL, Lloyd AW, Salvage J (2002) Synthesis of biocompatible polymers. 1. Homopolymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine via ATRP in protic solvents: an optimization study. Macromolecules 35(25):9306-9314
170. Feng W, Brash JL, Zhu SP (2006) Non-biofouling materials prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization grafting of 2-methacryloloxyethyl phosphorylcholine: separate effects of graft density and chain length on protein repulsion. Biomaterials 27(6):847-855
171. Feng W, Gao X, McClung G, Zhu S, Ishihara K, Brash JL (2011) Methacrylate polymer layers bearing poly(ethylene oxide) and phosphorylcholine side chains as non-fouling surfaces: in vitro interactions with plasma proteins and platelets. Acta Biomater 7(10):3692-3699
172. Athawale MV, Dordick JS, Garde S (2005) Osmolyte trimethylamine-N-oxide does not affect the strength of hydrophobic interactions: origin of osmolyte compatibility. Biophys J 89(2):858-866
173. Kitano H, Mori T, Takeuchi Y, Tada S, Gemmei-Ide M, Yokoyama Y, Tanaka M (2005) Structure of water incorporated in sulfobetaine polymer films as studied by ATR-FTIR. Macromol Biosci 5(4):314-321
174. West SL, Salvage JP, Lobb EJ, Armes SP, Billingham NC, Lewis AL, Hanlon GW, Lloyd AW The biocompatibility of crosslinkable copolymer coatings containing sulfobetaines and phosphobetaines. Biomaterials 25(7-8):1195-1204
175. Wu J, Lin W, Wang Z, Chen S, Chang Y (2012) Investigation of the hydration of nonfouling material poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. Langmuir. doi: 10.1021/la300394c
176. Cho WK, Kong B, Choi IS (2007) Highly efficient non-biofouling coating of zwitterionic polymers: poly((3-(methacryloylamino)propyl)-dimethyl(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide). Langmuir 23(10):5678-5682
177. Zhang Z, Chen S, Chang Y, Jiang S (2006) Surface grafted sulfobetaine polymers via atom transfer radical polymerization as superlow fouling coatings. J Phys Chem B 110(22):10799-10804
178. Yang W, Chen S, Cheng G, Vaisocherová H, Xue H, Li W, Zhang J, Jiang S (2008) Film thickness dependence of protein adsorption from blood serum and plasma onto poly(sulfobetaine)-grafted surfaces. Langmuir 24(17):9211-9214
179. Li G, Cheng G, Xue H, Chen S, Zhang F, Jiang S (2008) Ultra low fouling zwitterionic polymers with a biomimetic adhesive group. Biomaterials 29(35):4592-4597
180. Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Schmidt BVKJ, Sedlakova Z, Subr V, Alles AB, Brynda E, Barner-Kowollik C (2011) Low temperature aqueous living/controlled (RAFT) polymerization of carboxybetaine methacrylamide up to high molecular weights. Macromol Rapid Commun 32(13):958-965
181. Abraham S, Unsworth LD (2011) Multi-functional initiator and poly(carboxybetaine methacrylamides) for building biocompatible surfaces using "nitroxide mediated free radical polymerization" strategies. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 49(5):1051-1060
182. Edlund U, Rodriguez Emmenegger C, Brynda E, Albertsson AC (2012) Self-assembling zwitterionic carboxybetaine copolymers via aqueous SET-LRP from hemicellulose multi-site initiators. Polym Chem-UK In press
183. Zhao C, Li L, Wang Q, Yu Q, Zheng J (2011) Effect of film thickness on the antifouling performance of poly(hydroxy-functional methacrylates) grafted surfaces. Langmuir 27(8):4906-4913
184. Chang Y, Shu SH, Shih YJ, Chu CW, Ruaan RC, Chen WY (2010) Hemocompatible mixed-charge copolymer brushes of pseudozwitterionic surfaces resistant to nonspecific plasma protein fouling. Langmuir 26(5):3522-3530
185. Bernards MT, Cheng G, Zhang Z, Chen S, Jiang S (2008) Nonfouling polymer brushes via surface-initiated, two-component atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromolecules 41(12):4216-4219
186. McCormick CL, Johnson CB (1988) Water-soluble polymers. 28. Ampholytic copolymers of sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate with (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl)dimethylammonium chloride: synthesis and characterization. Macromolecules 21(3):686-693
187. Yang JH, John MS (1995) The conformation and dynamics study of amphoteric copolymers, P(sodium 2-methacryloyloxyethanesulfonate-co-2-methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium iodide), using viscometry, 14N-, and 23Na-NMR. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 33(15):2613-2621
188. Li G, Xue H, Gao C, Zhang F, Jiang S (2009) Nonfouling polyampholytes from an ion-pair comonomer with biomimetic adhesive groups. Macromolecules 43(1):14-16
189. Mi L, Bernards MT, Cheng G, Yu Q, Jiang S (2010) pH responsive properties of non-fouling mixed-charge polymer brushes based on quaternary amine and carboxylic acid monomers. Biomaterials 31(10):2919-2925
190. Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Hasan E, Pop-Georgievski O, Houska M, Brynda E, Bologna Alles A (2011) Controlled/living surface-initiated ATRP of antifouling polymer brushes from gold in PBS and blood sera as a model study for polymer modifications in complex biological media. Macromol Biosci. doi: 10.1002/mabi.201100425
191. Zhao C, Li L, Zheng J (2010) Achieving highly effective nonfouling performance for surface-grafted poly(HPMA) via atom-transfer radical polymerization. Langmuir 26(22):17375-17382
192. Pereira AD, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Surman F, Riedel T, Alles AB, Brynda E (2014) Use of pooled blood plasmas in the assessment of fouling resistance. RSC Adv 4(5):2318-2321
193. Gunkel G, Weinhart M, Becherer T, Haag R, Huck WTS (2011) Effect of polymer brush architecture on antibiofouling properties. Biomacromolecules. doi: 10.1021/bm200943m
194. Statz AR, Meagher RJ, Barron AE, Messersmith PB (2005) New peptidomimetic polymers for antifouling surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 127(22):7972-7973
195. Konradi R, Pidhatika B, Muhlebach A, Textor M (2008) Poly-2-methyl-2-oxazoline: a peptide-like polymer for protein-repellent surfaces. Langmuir 24(3):613-616
196. Raynor JE, Petrie TA, Fears KP, Latour RA, García AJ, Collard DM (2009) Saccharide polymer brushes to control protein and cell adhesion to titanium. Biomacromolecules 10(4):748-755
197. Yu K, Kizhakkedathu JN (2010) Synthesis of functional polymer brushes containing carbohydrate residues in the pyranose form and their specific and nonspecific interactions with proteins. Biomacromolecules 11(11):3073-3085
198. Feng W, Zhu SP, Ishihara K, Brash JL (2006) Protein resistant surfaces: comparison of acrylate graft polymers bearing oligo-ethylene oxide and phosphorylcholine side chains. Biointerphases 1(1):50-60
199. Unsworth LD, Tun Z, Sheardown H, Brash JL (2006) In situ neutron reflectometry investigation of gold-chemisorbed PEO layers of varying chain density: relationship of layer structure to protein resistance. J Colloid Interface Sci 296(2):520-526
200. Kitano H, Tada S, Mori T, Takaha K, Gemmei-Ide M, Tanaka M, Fukuda M, Yokoyama Y (2005) Correlation between the structure of water in the vicinity of carboxybetaine polymers and their blood-compatibility. Langmuir 21(25):11932-11940
201. Laughlin RG (1991) Fundamentals of the zwitterionic hydrophilic group. Langmuir 7(5):842-847
202. Shao Q, He Y, White AD, Jiang S (2010) Difference in hydration between carboxybetaine and sulfobetaine. J Phys Chem B 114(49):16625-16631
203. Weers JG, Rathman JF, Axe FU, Crichlow CA, Foland LD, Scheuing DR, Wiersema RJ, Zielske AG (1991) Effect of the intramolecular charge separation distance on the solution properties of betaines and sulfobetaines. Langmuir 7(5):854-867
204. Kane RS, Deschatelets P, Whitesides GM (2003) Kosmotropes form the basis of protein-resistant surfaces. Langmuir 19(6):2388-2391. doi: 10.1021/la020737x
205. Zhang Y, Cremer PS (2010) Chemistry of hofmeister anions and osmolytes. Annu Rev Phys Chem 61(1):63-83
206. Jin Z, Feng W, Beisser K, Zhu S, Sheardown H, Brash JL (2009) Protein-resistant polyurethane prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical graft polymerization (ATRgP) of water-soluble polymers: effects of main chain and side chain lengths of grafts. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 70(1):53-59
207. Michel R, Pasche S, Textor M, Castner DG (2005) Influence of PEG architecture on protein adsorption and conformation. Langmuir 21(26):12327-12332
208. Rubinstein M, Colby RH (2003) Polymer physics. OUP, Oxford
209. Gunkel G, Huck WT (2013) Cooperative adsorption of lipoprotein phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters are a key factor in nonspecific adsorption from blood plasma to antifouling polymer surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 135(18):7047-7052
210. Haake HM, de Best L, Irth H, Abuknesha R, Brecht A (2000) Label-free biochemical detection coupled on-line to liquid chromatography. Anal Chem 72(15):3635-3641
211. Yu Q, Zhang Y, Wang H, Brash J, Chen H (2011) Anti-fouling bioactive surfaces. Acta Biomater 7(4):1550-1557
212. Springer T, Bockova M, Homola J (2013) Label-free biosensing in complex media: a referencing approach. Anal Chem 85(12):5637-5640
213. Riedel T, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, de los Santos Pereira A, Bedajankova A, Jinoch P, Boltovets PM, Brynda E (2014) Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection in clinical serum samples by an SPR biosensor assay. Biosens Bioelectron 55:278-284
214. Gautrot JE, Trappmann B, Oceguera-Yanez F, Connelly J, He X, Watt FM, Huck WTS (2010) Exploiting the superior protein resistance of polymer brushes to control single cell adhesion and polarisation at the micron scale. Biomaterials 31(18):5030-5041
215. Piliarik M, Bocková M, Homola J (2010) Surface plasmon resonance biosensor for parallelized detection of protein biomarkers in diluted blood plasma. Biosens Bioelectron 26(4):1656-1661
216. Vaisocherova H, Zhang Z, Yang W, Cao Z, Cheng G, Taylor AD, Piliarik M, Homola J, Jiang S (2009) Functionalizable surface platform with reduced nonspecific protein adsorption from full blood plasma-material selection and protein immobilization optimization. Biosens Bioelectron 24(7):1924-1930
217. Gao C, Li G, Xue H, Yang W, Zhang F, Jiang S (2010) Functionalizable and ultra-low fouling zwitterionic surfaces via adhesive mussel mimetic linkages. Biomaterials 31(7):1486-1492
218. Yang W, Xue H, Li W, Zhang J, Jiang S (2009) Pursuing "Zero" protein adsorption of poly(carboxybetaine) from undiluted blood serum and plasma. Langmuir 25(19):11911-11916
219. Zou YQ, Yeh PYJ, Rossi NAA, Brooks DE, Kizhakkedathu JN (2010) Nonbiofouling polymer brush with latent aldehyde functionality as a template for protein micropatterning. Biomacromolecules 11(1):284-293
220. Huang NP, Voros J, De Paul SM, Textor M, Spencer ND (2002) Biotin-derivatized poly(L-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol): a novel polymeric interface for bioaffinity sensing. Langmuir 18(1):220-230
221. Shumaker-Parry JS, Zareie MH, Aebersold R, Campbell CT (2004) Microspotting streptavidin and double-stranded DNA Arrays on gold for high-throughput studies of protein - DNA interactions by surface plasmon resonance microscopy. Anal Chem 76(4):918-929
222. Buxboim A, Bar-Dagan M, Frydman V, Zbaida D, Morpurgo M, Bar-Ziv R (2007) A single-step photolithographic interface for cell-free gene expression and active biochips. Small 3(3):500-510
223. Jonkheijm P, Weinrich D, Köhn M, Engelkamp H, Christianen PCM, Kuhlmann J, Maan JC, Nüsse D, Schroeder H, Wacker R, Breinbauer R, Niemeyer CM, Waldmann H (2008) Photochemical surface patterning by the thiol-ene reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed 47(23):4421-4424
224. Sigal GB, Bamdad C, Barberis A, Strominger J, Whitesides GM (1996) A self-assembled monolayer for the binding and study of histidine-tagged proteins by surface plasmon resonance. Anal Chem 68(3):490-497
225. Schmid EL, Keller TA, Dienes Z, Vogel H (1997) Reversible oriented surface immobilization of functional proteins on oxide surfaces. Anal Chem 69(11):1979-1985
226. Lofas S, Johnsson B, Edstrom A, Hansson A, Lindquist G, Hillgren RMM, Stigh L (1995) Methods for site controlled coupling to carboxymethyldextran surfaces in surface-plasmon resonance sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 10(9-10):813-822
227. Jungar C, Strandh M, Ohlson S, Mandenius CF (2000) Analysis of carbohydrates using liquid chromatography-surface plasmon resonance immunosensing systems. Anal Biochem 281(2):151-158
228. Brynda E, Houska M, Brandenburg A, Wikerstal A, Škvor J (1999) The detection of human β2-microglobulin by grating coupler immunosensor with three dimensional antibody networks. Biosens Bioelectron 14(4):363-368
229. Koubova V, Brynda E, Karasova L, Skvor J, Homola J, Dostalek J, Tobiska P, Rosicky J (2001) Detection of foodborne pathogens using surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Sensors Actuators B Chem 74(1-3):100-105
230. Brynda E, Houska M, Brandenburg A, Wikerstål A (2002) Optical biosensors for real-time measurement of analytes in blood plasma. Biosens Bioelectron 17(8):665-675
231. Brynda E, Houska M, Škvor J, Ramsden JJ (1998) Immobilisation of multilayer bioreceptor assemblies on solid substrates. Biosens Bioelectron 13(2):165-172
232. Kuzmyn AR, Pereira AD, Pop-Georgievski O, Bruns M, Brynda E, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C (2014) Exploiting end group functionalization for the design of antifouling bioactive brushes. Polym Chem UK 5(13):4124-4131
233. Lee BS, Lee JK, Kim W-J, Jung YH, Sim SJ, Lee J, Choi IS (2007) Surface-initiated, atom transfer radical polymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate and subsequent click chemistry for bioconjugation. Biomacromolecules 8(2):744-749
234. Matyjaszewski K, Shipp DA, Wang J-L, Grimaud T, Patten TE (1998) Utilizing halide exchange to improve control of atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromolecules 31(20):6836-6840
235. Springer T, Piliarik M, Homola J (2010) Real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions in blood plasma using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 398(5):1955-1961
236. Ladd J, Lu H, Taylor AD, Goodell V, Disis ML, Jiang S (2009) Direct detection of carcinoembryonic antigen autoantibodies in clinical human serum samples using a surface plasmon resonance sensor. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 70(1):1-6
237. Bolduc OR, Pelletier JN, Masson JF (2010) SPR biosensing in crude serum using ultralow fouling binary patterned peptide SAM. Anal Chem 82(9):3699-3706
238. Brault ND, White AD, Taylor AD, Yu Q, Jiang S (2013) Directly functionalizable surface platform for protein arrays in undiluted human blood plasma. Anal Chem 85(3):1447-1453