Plant oligosaccharides - Outsiders among elicitors?

Biochemistry (Moscow)

Volumn 80, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 881-900

  Larskaya, I A ^a   Gorshkova, T A ^a  

^a KAZAN INSTITUTE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

cell wall; oligoglycome; oligosaccharins; plant oligosaccharides

Indexed keywords

GLUCAN; OLIGOSACCHARIDE; POLYSACCHARIDE; XYLAN;

CELL WALL; GENETICS; METABOLISM; PLANT; PLANT ROOT; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

CELL WALL; GLUCANS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; PLANT ROOTS; PLANTS; POLYSACCHARIDES; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; XYLANS;

EID: 84937705311     PISSN: 00062979     EISSN: 16083040     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1134/S0006297915070081     Document Type: Review

References (174)

1. Bishop, P. D., Makus, D. J., Pearce, G., and Ryan, C. (1981) Proteinase inhibitor inducing factor activity in tomato leaves resides in oligosaccharides enzymically released from cell walls, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 3536-3540.
2. Hahn, M. G., Darvill, A. G., and Albersheim, P. (1981) Host - pathogen interactions. XIX. The endogenous elicitor, a fragment of a plant cell wall polysaccharide that elicits phytoalexin accumulation in soybeans, Plant Physiol., 68, 1161-1169.
3. Nothnagel, E. A., McNeil, M., Ahbersheim, P., and Dell, A. (1983) Host - pathogen interactions. XXII. A galacturonic acid oligosaccharide from plant cell walls elicits phytoalexins, Plant Physiol., 71, 916-926.
4. Jin, D. F., and West, C. A. (1984) Characteristics of galacturonic acid oligomers as elicitors of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean seedlings, Plant Physiol., 74, 989-992.
5. Tran Than Van, K., Toubart, P., and Cousson, A. (1985) Manipulation of the morphogenetic pathways of tobacco explants by oligosaccharins, Nature, 314, 615-617.
6. Darvill, A., Augur, C., Bergmann, C., Carlson, R. W., Cheong, J. J., Eberhard, S., Hahn, M. G., Lo, V. M., Marfa, V., and Meyer, B. (1992) Oligosaccharins - oligosaccharides that regulate growth, development and defense responses in plants, Glycobiology, 2, 181-198.
7. Aldington, S., and Fry, S. C. (1993) Oligosaccharins, Adv. Bot. Res., 19, 1-101.
8. Albersheim, P., Darvill, A. G., McNeil, M., Valent, B. S., Sharp, J. K., Nothnagel, E. A., Davis, K. R., Yamazaki, N., Gollin, D. J., York, S., Dudman, F., Darvill, J. E., and Dell, A. (1983) Oligosaccharins: naturally occurring carbohydrates with biological regulatory functions, in Structure and Function of Plant Genomes (Ciferri, O., and Dure, L., eds.) Plenum Publishing Corp., N.Y., pp. 293-312.
9. York, W. S., Darvill, A. G., and Albersheim, P. (1984) Inhibition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-stimulated elongation of pea stem segments by a xyloglucan oligosaccharide, Plant Physiol., 75, 295-297.
10. Ishii, T, and Saka, H. (1992) Inhibition of auxin-stimulated elongation of cells in rice lamina joints by a feruloylated arabinoxylan trisaccharide, Plant Cell Physiol., 33, 321-324.
11. Liskova, O., Auxtova, O., Kakoniova, D., Kubackova, M., Karacsonyi, S., and Bilisics, L. (1995) Biological activity of galactoglucomannan-derived oligosaccharides, Planta, 196, 425-429.
12. Lorences, E. P., McDougall, G. J., and Fry, S. C. (1990) Xyloglucan- and cello-oligosaccharides: antogonists of the growth-promoting effect of H+, Physiol. Plant., 80, 109-113.
13. Dinand, E., Excoffier, G., Lienart, Y, and Vignon, M. R. (1997) Two rhamnogalacturonide tetrasaccharides isolated from semi-retted flax fibers are signaling molecules in Rubus fruticosus L. cells, Plant Physiol., 115, 793-801.
14. Boudart, G., Dechamp-Guillaume, G., Lafitte, C., Ricart, G., Barthe, J.-P., Mazau, D., and Esquerre-Tugaye, M-T (1995) Elicitors and suppressors of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein accumulation are solubilized from plant cell walls by endopolygalacturonase, Biochem. J., 232, 449-457.
15. Marfa, V., Gollin, D. J., Eberhard, S., Mohnen, D., Danill, A., and Albersheim, P. (1991) Oligogalacturonides are able to induce flowers to form on tobacco explants, Plant J., 1, 217-225.
16. Albersheim, P., and Darvill, A. G. (1985) Oligosaccharins, Sci. Am., 253, 58-64.
17. Ryan, C. A. (1987) Oligosaccharide signaling in plants, Annu. Rev. Cell Biol., 3, 295-317.
18. Usov, A. I. (1993) Oligosaccharins - a new class of signaling molecules in plants, Russ. Chem. Rev., 62, 1047-1071.
19. Ozeretskovskaya, O. L., and Romenskaya, I. G. (1996) Oligosaccharins as regulatory molecules of plants, Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 43, 648-655.
20. Ridley, B. L., O'Neill, M. A., and Mohnen, D. (2001) Pectins: structure, biosynthesis, and oligogalacturoniderelated signaling, Phytochemistry, 57, 929-967.
21. Gorshkova, T. A. (2007) Plant Cell Wall as a Dynamic System [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow.
22. Davis, K. R., and Hahlbrock, K. (1987) Induction of plant defense responses in cultured parsley cells by plant cell wall fragments, Plant Physiol., 85, 1286-1290.
23. Bellincampi, D., Salvi, G., De Lorenzo, G., Cervone, F., Marfa, V., Eberhard, S., Darvill, A., and Albersheim, P. (1993) Oligogalacturonides inhibit the formation of roots on tobacco explants, Plant J., 4, 207-213.
24. Legendre, L., Yueh, Y G., Crain, R., Haddock, N., Heinsteinll, P. F., and Low, P. S. (1993) Phospholipase C activation during elicitation of the oxidative burst in cultured plant cells, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 24559-24563.
25. Altamura, M. M., Zaghi, D., Salvi, G., De Lorenzo, G., and Bellincampi, D. (1998) Oligogalacturonides stimulate pericycle cell wall thickening and cell divisions leading to stoma formation in tobacco leaf explants, Planta, 204, 429-436.
26. Bruce, R., and West, C. (1989) Elicitation of lignin biosynthesis and isoperoxidase activity by pectic fragments in suspension cultures of castor beans, Plant Physiol., 91, 889897.
27. Tong, C., Labavitch, J., and Yang, S. (1986) The induction of ethylene production from pear cell culture by cell wall fragments, Plant Physiol., 81, 929-930.
28. Simpson, S. D., Ashford, D. A., Harvey, D. J., and Bowles, D. J. (1998) Short chain oligogalacturonides induce ethylene production and expression of the gene encoding aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid oxidase in tomato plants, Glycobiology, 8, 579-583.
29. Falasca, G., Capitani, F., Della Rovere, F., Zaghi, D., Franchin, C., Biondi, S., and Altamura, M. M. (2008) Oligogalacturonides enhance cytokinin-induced vegetative shoot formation in tobacco explants, inhibit polyamine biosynthetic gene expression, and promote long-term remobilization of cell calcium, Planta, 227, 835-852.
30. Thain, J. F., Gubb, J. K., and Wildon, D. C. (1995) Depolarization of tomato leaf cells by oligogalacturonide elicitors, Plant Cell Environ., 18, 211-214.
31. McDougall, G. J., and Fry, S. C. (1988) Inhibition of auxin-stimulated growth of pea stem segments by a specific nonasaccharide of xyloglucan, Planta, 175, 412-416.
32. Warneck, H., and Seitz, H. U. (1993) Inhibition of gibberellic acid-induced elongation-growth of pea epicotyls by xyloglucan oligosaccharides, J. Exp. Bot., 44, 1105-1109.
33. Warneck, H. M., Haug, T, and Seitz, H. U. (1996) Activation of cell wall-associated peroxidase isoenzymes in pea epicotyls by a xyloglucan-derived nonasaccharide, J. Exp. Bot., 47, 1897-1904.
34. McDougall, G. J., and Fry, C. S. (1990) Xyloglucan oligosaccharides promote growth and activate cellulase: evidence for a role of cellulase in cell expansion, Plant Physiol., 93, 1042-1048.
35. Pavlova, Z. N., Ash, A. O., Vnuckova, V. A., Babakov, A. V., Torgov, V. I., Nechaev, O. A., Usov, A. I., and Shibaev, V. N. (1992) Biological activity of a synthetic pentasaccharide fragment of xyloglucan, Plant Sci., 85, 131-134.
36. Zabotina, O. A., Ayupova, D. A., Larskaya, I. A., Nikolaeva, O. G., Petrovicheva, G. A., and Zabotin, A. I. (1998) Physiologically active oligosaccharides accumulating in the roots of winter wheat during adaptation to low temperature, Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 45, 221-226.
37. Zabotin, A. I., Barisheva, T S., Trofimova, O. I., Toroschina, T E., Larskaya, I. A., and Zabotina, O. A. (2009) Oligosaccharin and ABA synergistically affect the acquisition of freezing tolerance in winter wheat, Plant Physiol. Biochem., 47, 854-858.
38. Cutillas-Iturralde, A., Fulton, D. C., Fry, S. C., and Lorences, E. P. (1998) Xyloglucan-derived oligosaccharides induce ethylene synthesis in persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) fruit, J. Exp. Bot., 49, 701-706.
39. Kakosova, A., Digonnet, C., Goffner, D., and Liskova, D. (2013) Galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides are assumed to affect tracheary element formation via interaction with auxin in Zinnia xylogenic cell culture, Plant Cell Rep., 32, 479-487.
40. Kollarova, K., Vatehova, Z., Slovakova, L., and Liskova, D. (2010) Interaction of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides with auxin in mung bean primary root, Plant Physiol. Biochem., 48, 401-406.
41. Melotto, E., Greve, L. C., and Labavitch, J. M. (1994) Cell wall metabolism in ripening fruit: biologically active pectin oligomers in ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) fruits, Plant Physiol., 106, 575-581.
42. Lozovaya, V. V., Zabotina, O. A., Rumyantseva, N. I., Malihov, R. G., and Zihareva, M. V. (1993) Stimulation of root development on buckwheat thin cell-layer explants by pectic fragments from pea stem cell walls, Plant Cell Rep., 12, 530-533.
43. Zabotina, O. A., Gurjanov, O. P., Ibragimova, N. N., Ayupova, D. A., and Lozovaya, V. V. (1998) Rhizogenesis in buckwheat thin-cell-layer explants: effect of plant oligosaccharides, Plant Sci., 135, 195-201.
44. Larskaya, I. A., Barisheva, T S., Zabotin, A. I., and Gorshkova, T. A. (2015) Character of oligosaccharin OSRG participation in the IAA-induced formation of adventitious roots, Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 62, 171-178.
45. Ochoa-Villarreal, M., Aispuro-Hernandez, E., Vargas-Arispuro, I., and Martinez-Tellez, M. A. (2012) Plant cell wall polymers: function, structure and biological activity of their derivatives, in Polymerizatin, Vol. 4 (De Souza Gomes, A., ed.) InTech, pp. 63-86.
46. Schroder, R., and Knoop, B. (1995) An oligosaccharide growth-factor in plant suspension-cultures- a proposed structure, J. Plant Physiol., 146, 139-147.
47. Fry, S. C. (1986) In vivo formation of xyloglucan nonasaccharide: a possible biologically-active cell-wall fragment, Planta, 169, 443-453.
48. Kabel, M. A., Schols, H. A., and Voragen, A. G. J. (2001) Mass determination of oligosaccharides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry following HPLC, assisted by on-line desalting and automated sample handling, Carbohydr. Polym., 44, 161-165.
49. Matamoros Fernandez, L. E., Obel, N., Scheller, H. V., and Roepstorff, P. (2003) Characterization of plant oligosaccharides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray mass spectrometry, J. Mass. Spectrom., 38, 427-437.
50. Bauer, S. (2012) Mass spectrometry for characterizing plant cell wall polysaccharides, Front. Plant Sci., 3, 45-50.
51. Schols, H. A., Voragen, A. G. J., and Colquhoun, I. J. (1994) Isolation and characterization of rhamnogalacturonan oligomers, liberated during degradation of pectic hairy regions by rhamnogalacturonase, Carbohydr. Res., 256, 97-111.
52. Jia, Z., Cash, M., Darvill, A. G., and York, W. S. (2005) NMR characterization of endogenously O-acetylated oligosaccharides isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) xyloglucan, Carbohydr. Res., 340, 1818-1825.
53. Toukach, F. V., and Ananikov, V. P. (2013) Recent advances in computational predictions of NMR parameters for the structure elucidation of carbohydrates: methods and limitations, Chem. Soc. Rev., 42, 8376-8415.
54. Augur, C., Yu, I., Sakai, K., Ogawa, T, Sina, P., Darvill, A. G., and Albersheim, P. (1992) Further studies of the ability of xyloglucan oligosaccharides to inhibition auxin-stimulated growth, Plant Physiol., 99, 180-185.
55. Branca, C., De Lorenzo, G., and Cervone, F. (1988) Competitive inhibition of the auxin-induced elongation by a-D-oligogalacturonides in pea stem segments, Physiol. Plant., 72, 499-504.
56. Auxtova-Samajova, O., Liskova, D., Kakoniova, D., Kubackova, M., Karacsonyi, S., and Bilisics, L. (1996) Inhibition of auxin stimulated short-term elongation growth of pea stem segments by galactoglucomannanderived oligosaccharides, J. Plant Physiol., 147, 611-613.
57. Boller, T, and Felix, G. (2009) A renaissance of elicitors: perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns and danger signals by pattern recognition receptors, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 60, 379-400.
58. Tor, M., Lotze, M. T, and Holton, N. (2009) Receptormediated signaling in plants: molecular patterns and programmes, J. Exp. Bot., 60, 3645-3654.
59. Malinovsky, F. G., Fangel, J. U., and Willats, W. G. T (2014) The role of the cell wall in plant immunity, Front. Plant Sci., 5, 1-11.
60. Zabotin, A. I., Barisheva, T. S., Larskaya, I. A., Toroshina, T. E., Trofimova, O. I., Hahn, M. G., and Zabotina, O. A. (2005) Oligosaccharin- a new systemic factor in the acquisition of freeze tolerance in winter plants, Plant Biosyst., 139, 36-41.
61. Domann, P. J., Pardos-Pardos, A. C., Fernandes, D. L., Spencer, D. I. R., Radcliffe, C. M., Royle, L., Dwek, R. A., and Rudd, P. M. (2007) Separation-based glycoprofiling approaches using fluorescent labels, Pract. Proteom., 1, 70-76.
62. Wuhrer, M. (2013) Glycomics using mass spectrometry, Glycoconj. J., 30, 11-22.
63. Kristic, J., Vuckovic, F., Menni, C., Klaric, L., Keser, T, Beceheli, I., Pucic-Bakovic, M., Novokmet, M., Mangino, M., Thaqi, K., Rudan, P., Novokmet, N., Sarac, J., Missoni, S., Kolcic, I., Polasek, O., Rudan, I., Campbell, H., Hayward, C., Aulchenko, Y., Valdes, A., Wilson, J. F., Gornik, O., Primorac, D., Zoldos, V., Spector, T, and Lauc, G. (2014) Glycans are a novel biomarker of chronological and biological ages, J. Gerontol. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 69, 779-789.
64. Hudak, J. E., and Bertozzi, C. R. (2014) Glycotherapy: new advances inspire a reemergence of glycans in medicine, Chem. Biol., 21, 16-37.
65. Moloshok, T, Pearce, G., and Ryan, C. A. (1992) Oligouronide signaling of proteinase inhibitor genes in plants: structure-activityrelationships of di- and trigalacturonic acids and their derivatives, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 294, 731-734.
66. Low, P. S., and Merida, J. R. (1996) The oxidative burst in plant defense: function and signal transduction, Physiol. Plant., 96, 533-542.
67. Rodionova, N. A., Milyaeva, E. L., Nikiforova, V. Yu., Martinovich, L. I., Zagustina, N. A., Mestechkina, N. M., Shcherbukhin, V. D., and Bezborodov, A. M. (1999) Effects of oligogalacturonic acids and pectolytic enzymes on plant flowering, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol., 35, 502-506.
68. Roberts, A. W., Donovan, S. G., and Haigler, C. H. (1997) A secreted factor induces cell expansion and formation of metaxylem-like tracheary elements in xylogenic suspension cultures of Zinnia, Plant Physiol., 115, 683-692.
69. Spiro, M. D., Ridley, B. L., Eberhard, S., Kates, K. A., Mathieu, Y, O'Neill, M. A., Mohnen, D., Guern, J., Darvill, A., and Albersheim, P. (1998) Biological activity of reducing-end-derivatized oligogalacturonides in tobacco tissue cultures, Plant Physiol., 116, 1289-1298.
70. Ryan, C. A. (1992) The search for the proteinase inhibitorinducing factor, Plant Mol. Biol., 19, 123-133.
71. Navazio, L., Moscatiello, R., Bellincampi, D., Baldan, B., Meggio, F., Brini, M., Bowler, C., and Mariani, P. (2002) The role of calcium in oligogalacturonide-activated signaling in soybean cells, Planta, 215, 596-605.
72. McDougall, G. J., and Fry, S. C. (1989) Structure-activity relationships for xyloglucan oligosaccharides with antiauxin activity, Plant Physiol., 189, 883-887.
73. Zablackis, E., York, W. S., Pauly, M., Hantus, S., Reiter, W-D., Chapple, C. C. S., Albersheim, P., and Darvill, A. (1996) Substitution of L-fucose by L-galactose in cell walls of Arabidopsis mur1, Science, 272, 1808-1810.
74. Ash, O. A., Loskutova, N. A., Pavlova, Z. N., Abramycheva, N. Yu., Vnuchkova, V. A., Babakov, A. V., Muromtsev, G. S., Melnikova, T N., Nechaev, O. A., Torgov, V. I., Usov, A. I., and Shibaev, V. N. (1995) New physiological effects of oligosaccharide fragments of plant xyloglucan, Doklady RAN, 340, 427-429.
75. Dixon, R. A., Jennings, A. C., Davies, L. A., Gerrish, G., and Murthy, D. L. (1989) Elicitor-active components from French bean hypocotyls, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 34, 99-115.
76. Gonzalez-Perez, L., Vazquez-Glaria, A., Perrotta, L., Acosta, A., Scriven, S. A., Herbert, R., Cabrera, J. C., Francis, D., and Rogers, H. J. (2012) Oligosaccharins and Pectimorf® stimulate root elongation and shorten the cell cycle in higher plants, Plant Growth Reg., 68, 211-221.
77. McDougall, G. J., and Fry, S. C. (1991) Xyloglucan nonasaccharide, a naturally-occurring oligosaccharin, arises in vivo by polysaccharide breakdown, Plant Physiol., 137, 332-336.
78. Frankova, L., and Fry, S. C. (2013) Biochemistry and physiological roles of enzymes that "cut and paste" plant cellwall polysaccharides, J. Exp. Bot., 64, 3519-3550.
79. Bonnin, E., Garnier, C., and Ralet, M-C. (2014) Pectinmodifying enzymes and pectin-derived materials: applications and impacts, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 98, 519-532.
80. Miller, A. R. (1989) Oxidation of cell wall polysaccharides by hydrogen peroxide: a potential mechanism for cell wall breakdown in plants, Biochem. Biophys. Res Commun., 26, 238-244.
81. Tabbi, G., Fry, S. C., and Bonomo, R. E (2001) ESR study of the non-enzymic scission of xyloglucan by an ascorbate-H2O2- copper system: the involvement of the hydroxyl radical and the degradation of ascorbate, J. Inorg. Biochem., 84, 179-187.
82. Dumville, J. C., and Fry, S. C. (2000) Uronic acid-containing oligosaccharins: their biosynthesis, degradation and signaling roles in non-diseased plant tissues, Plant Physiol. Biochem., 38, 125-140.
83. Elboutachfaiti, R., Delattre, C., Michaudc, P., Courtois, B., and Courtois, J. (2008) Oligogalacturonans production by free radical depolymerization of polygalacturonan, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 43, 257-261.
84. Bacic, A., Harris, P. J., and Stone, B. A. (1988) Structure and function of plant cell walls, Biochem. Plants, 14, 297-371.
85. Wolf, S., Hematy, K., and Heofte, H. (2012) Growth control and cell wall signaling in plants, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 63, 381-407.
86. Tarchevsky, I. A. (1993) Catabolism and stress in plants, in 52nd Timiryazev's Readings [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow.
87. MacDougall, A. J., Rigby, N. M., Needs, P. W., and Selvendran, R. R. (1992) Movement and metabolism of oligogalacturonide elicitors in tomato shoots, Planta, 188, 566-574.
88. Warneck, H. M., Fulton, D. C., Seitz, H. U., and Fry, S. C. (1998) Transport, degradation and cell wall-integration of XXFGol, a growth-regulating nonasaccharide of xyloglucan, in pea stems, Planta, 204, 78-85.
89. Faugeron, C., Sakr, S., Lhernould, S., Michalski, J. C., Delrot, S., and Morvan, H. (1999) Long-distance transport and metabolism of unconjugated N-glycans in tomato plants, J. Exp. Bot., 50, 1669-1675.
90. Baydoun, E. A. H., and Fry, S. C. (1985) The immobility of pectic substances in injured tomato leaves and its bearing on the identity of the wound hormone, Planta, 165, 269-276.
91. Smith, R. C., and Fry, S. C. (1991) Endotransglycosylation of xyloglucans in plant cell suspension cultures, Biochem. J., 279, 529-535.
92. Cosio, E. G., Frey, T., and Ebel, J. (1992) Identification of a high-affinity binding protein for a hepta-beta-glucoside phytoalexin elicitor in soybean, Eur. J. Biochem., 204, 11151123.
93. Vargas-Rechia, C., Reicher, F., Sierakowski, M. R., Heyraud, A., Driguez, H., and Lienart, Y. (1998) Xyloglucan octasaccharide XXLgol derived from the seeds of Hymenaea courbaril acts as a signaling molecule, Plant Physiol., 116, 1013-1021.
94. He, Z-H., Fujiki, M., and Kohorn, B. D. (1996) A cell wall-associated, receptor-like protein kinase, J. Biol. Chem., 127, 19789-19793.
95. Decreux, A., and Messiaen, J. (2005) Wall-associated kinase WAK1 interacts with cell wall pectins in a calciuminduced conformation, Plant Cell Physiol., 46, 268-278.
96. Kohorn, B. D., Johansen, S., Shishido, A., Todorova, T, Martinez, R., Defeo, E., and Obregon, P. (2009) Pectin activation of MAP kinase and gene expression is WAK2 dependent, Plant J., 60, 974-982.
97. Decreux, A., Thomas, A., Spies, B., Brasseur, R., van Cutsem, P., and Messiaen, J. (2006) In vitro characterization of the homogalacturonan binding domain of the wallassociated kinase WAK1 using site-directed mutagenesis, Phytochemistry, 67, 1068-1079.
98. Brutus, A., Sicilia, F., Macone, A., Cervone, F., and De Lorenzo, G. (2010) A domain swap approach reveals a role of the plant wall-associated kinase 1 (WAK1) as a receptor of oligogalacturonides, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 9452-9457.
99. Ferrari, S., Savatin, D. V., Sicilia, F., Gramegna, G., Cervone, F., and De Lorenzo, G. (2013) Oligogalacturonides: plant damage-associated molecular patterns and regulators of growth and development, Front. Plant Sci., 4, 49-54.
100. Mathieu, Y., Kurkdijan, A., Xia, H., Guern, J., Koller, A., Spiro, M. D., O'Neil, M., Albersheim, P., and Darvill, A. (1991) Membrane responses induced by oligogalacturonides in suspension-cultured tobacco cells, Plant J., 1, 333-343.
101. Mathieu, Y., Guern, J., Spiro, M. D., O'Neill, M. A., Kates, K., Darvill, A. G., and Albersheim, P. (1998) The transient nature of the oligogalacturonide-induced ion fluxes of tobacco cells is not correlated with fragmentation of the oligogalacturonides, Plant J., 16, 305-311.
102. Messiaen, J., and Van Cutsem, P. (1994) Pectic signal transduction in carrot cells: membrane, cytosolic and nuclear responses induced by oligogalacturonides, Plant Cell Physiol., 35, 677-689.
103. Moscatiello, R., Mariani, P., Sanders, D., and Maathuis, F. J. (2006) Transcriptional analysis of calcium-dependent and calcium-independent signaling pathways induced by oligogalacturonides, J. Exp. Bot., 57, 2847-2865.
104. Kohorn, B. D., and Kohorn, S. L. (2012) The cell wallassociated kinases, WAKs, as pectin receptors, Front. Plant Sci., 3, 1-5.
105. Farmer, E. E., Moloshok, T D., Saxton, M. J., and Ryan, C. A. (1991) Oligosaccharide signaling in plants. Specificity of oligouronide-enhanced plasma membrane protein phosphorylation, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 3140-3145.
106. Reymond, P., Kunz, B., Paul-Pletzer, K., Grimm, R., Eckerskorn, C., and Farmer, E. E. (1996) Cloning of a cDNA encoding a plasma membrane associated, uronide binding phosphoprotein with physical properties similar to viral movement proteins, Plant Cell, 8, 2265-2276.
107. Raffaele, S., Bayer, E., Lafarge, D., Cluzet, S., Retana, S. G., Boubekeur, T, Leborgne-Castel, N., Carde, J-P., Lherminier, J., Noirot, E., Satiat-Jeunemaitre, B., Laroche-Traineau, J., Moreau, P., Otti, T, Maule, A. J., Reymond, P., Simon-Plas, F., Farmer, E. E., Bessoule, J-J., and Mongrand, S. (2009) Remorin, a Solanaceae protein resident in membrane rafts and plasmodesmata, impairs Potato virus X movement, Plant Cell, 21, 1541-1555.
108. Bariola, P. A., Retelska, D., Stasiak, A., Kammerer, R. A., Fleming, A., Hijri, M., Frank, S., and Farmer, E. E. (2004) Remorins form a novel family of coiled coilforming oligomeric and filamentous proteins associated with apical, vascular and embryonic tissues in plants, Plant Mol. Biol., 55, 579-594.
109. Raffaele, S., Mongrand, S., Gamas, P., Niebel, A., and Ott, T. (2007) Genome-wide annotation of remorins, a plant-specific protein family: evolutionary and functional perspectives, Plant Physiol., 145, 593-600.
110. Vaid, N., Macovel, A., and Tuteja, N. (2013) Knights in action: lectin receptor-like kinases in plant development and stress responses, Mol. Plant., 6, 1405-1418.
111. Gouget, A., Senchou, V., Govers, F., Sanson, A., Barre, A., Rouge, P., Pont-Lezica, R., and Canut, H. (2006) Lectin receptor kinases participate in protein - protein interactions to mediate plasma membrane - cell wall adhesions in Arabidopsis, Plant Physiol., 140, 81-90.
112. Casasoli, M., Spadoni, S., Lilley, K. S., Cervone, F., De Lorenzo, G., and Mattei, B. (2008) Identification by 2-D DIGE of apoplastic proteins regulated by oligogalacturonides in Arabidopsis thaliana, Proteomics, 8, 1042-1054.
113. Kaku, H., Nishizawa, Y., Ishii-Minami, N., Akimoto-Tomiyama, C., Dohmae, N., Takio, K., Minami, E., and Shibuya, N. (2006) Plant cells recognize chitin fragments for defense signaling through a plasma membrane receptor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 11086-11091.
114. Lorences, E., and Fry, S. (1993) Xyloglucan oligosaccharides with at least two a-D-xylose residues act as acceptor substrates for xyloglucan endotransglycosylase and promote the depolymerization of xyloglucan, Physiol. Plant., 88, 105-112.
115. Loreti, E., Bellincampi, D., Millet, C., Alpi, A., and Perata, P. (2002) Elicitors of defense responses repress a gibberellin signaling pathway in barley embryos, J. Plant Physiol., 159, 1383-1386.
116. Savatin, D. V., Ferrari, S., Sicilia, F., and De Lorenzo, G. (2011) Oligogalacturonide auxin antagonism does not require posttranscriptional gene silencing or stabilization of auxin response repressors in Arabidopsis, Plant Physiol., 157, 1163-1174.
117. Bellincampi, D., Cardarelli, M., Zaghi, D., Serino, G., Salvi, G., Gatz, C., Cervone, F., Altamura, M. M., Costantino, P., and Lorenzo, G. D. (1996) Oligogalacturonides prevent rhizogenesis in rol B transformed tobacco explants by inhibiting auxin-induced expression of the rolB gene, Plant Cell, 8, 477-487.
118. Mauro, M. L., De Lorenzo, G., Costantino, P., and Bellincampi, D. (2002) Oligogalacturonides inhibit the induction of late but not of early auxin-responsive genes in tobacco, Planta, 215, 494-501.
119. Richterova-Kucerova, D., Kollarova, K., Zelko, I., Vatehova, Z., and Liskova, D. (2012) How do galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides regulate cell growth in epidermal and cortical tissues of mung bean seedlings? Plant Physiol. Biochem., 57, 154-158.
120. Zabotina, O. A., and Zabotin, A. I. (2010) Biologically active oligosaccharide functions in plant cell: updates and prospects, in Oligosaccharides: Sources, Properties and Applications (Gordon, N. S., ed.) Nova Science Publishers, Inc., pp. 1-34.
121. Augur, C., Benhamou, N., Darvill, A., and Albersheim, P. (1993) Purification, characterization and cell wall localization of an a-fucosidase that inactivates a xyloglucan oligosaccharin, Plant J., 3, 415-426.
122. De la Torre, F., Sampedro, J., Zarra, I., and Revilla, G. (2002) AtFXG1, an Arabidopsis gene encoding a-Lfucosidase active against fucosylated xyloglucan oligosaccharides, Plant Physiol., 128, 247-255.
123. Sampedro, J., Sieiro, C., Revilla, G., Gonzalez-Villa, T, and Zarra, I. (2001) Cloning and expression pattern of a gene encoding an a-xylosidase active against xyloglucan oligosaccharides from Arabidopsis, Plant Physiol., 126, 910-920.
124. Garcia-Romera, I., and Fry, S. C. (1995) The longevity of biologically active oligosaccharide in rose cell cultures: degradation by exopolygalacturonase, J. Exp. Bot., 46, 1853-1867.
125. Fry, S. C., Aldington, S., Hetherington, P. R., and Aitken, J. (1993) Oligosaccharides as signals and substrates in the plant cell wall, Plant Physiol., 103, 1-5.
126. Ramirez, A., Cruz, N., and Franchialfaro, O. (2003) Uso de bioestimuladores en la produccion de guayaba (P. guajava L.) mediante el enraizamiento de esquejes, Cultivos Tropicales, 24, 59-63.
127. Baque, M. A., Shiragi, M. H. K., Lee, E.-J., and Paek, K.- Y. (2012) Elicitor effect of chitosan and pectin on the biosynthesis of anthraquinones, phenolics and flavonoids in adventitious root suspension cultures of Morinda citrifolia (L.), Austr. J. Crop Sci., 6, 1349-1355.
128. Nosov, A. M. (1991) Regulation of the Secondary Compound Synthesis in the Plant Cell Culture in Biology of Cultured Cells and Plant Biotechnology [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow.
129. Praveen, N., and Murthy, H. N. (2010) Production of withanolide-a from adventitious root cultures of Withania somnifera, Acta Physiol. Plant., 32, 1017-1022.
130. Kaida, R., Sugawara, S., Negoro, K., Maki, H., Hayashi, T, and Kaneko, T S. (2010) Acceleration of cell growth by xyloglucan oligosaccharides in suspension-cultured tobacco cells, Mol. Plant., 3, 549-554.
131. Nieves, N., Poblete, A., Cid, M., Lezcano, Y., Gonzalez-Olmedo, J. L., and Cabrera, J. C. (2006) Evaluacion del Pectimorf como complemento del 2,4-D en el proceso de embriogenesis somatica en cana de azucar, Cultivos Tropicales, 27, 25-30.
132. Allegre, M., Heloir, M. C., Trouvelot, S., Daire, X., Pugin, A., Wendehenne, D., and Adrian, M. (2009) Are grapevine stomata involved in the elicitor-induced protection against downy mildew? Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 22, 977-986.
133. Aziz, A., Heyraud, A., and Lambert, B. (2004) Oligogalacturonide signal transduction, induction of defense-related responses and protection of grapevine against Botrytis cinerea, Planta, 218, 767-774.
134. Garcia-Sahagun, M. L., Martinez-Juarez, V., Avendaio-Lopez, A. N., Padilla-Sahagun, M. C., and Izquierdo-Oviedo, H. (2009) Accion de oligosacaridos en el rendimiento y calidad de tomate, Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana, 32, 295-301.
135. Marina-de la Huerta, C., Fernandez, L., Saborit, M., Castillo, P., and Nieto, M. (2005) Comportamiento de la planta de cana de azucar tratada con ENERPLANT cultivada en suelos vertisoles, Revista Electronica Granma Ciencia, 9, 1-6.
136. Jeurink, P. V., van Esch, B. C., Rijnierse, A., Garssen, J., and Knippels, L. M. J. (2013) Mechanisms underlying immune effects of dietary oligosaccharides, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 98, 572S-577S.
137. Ninonuevo, M. R., and Lebrilla, C. B. (2009) Mass spectrometric methods for analysis of oligosaccharides in human milk, Nutr. Rev., 67, 216-226.
138. Roberford, M. (2007) Prebiotics: the concept revisited, J. Nutr., 137, 830S-837S.
139. Casci, T, and Rastall, R. A. (2006) Manufacture of prebiotic oligosaccharides, in Prebiotics: Development and Application (Gibson, G. R., and Rastall, R. A., eds.) John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 29-56.
140. Valyshev, A. V., and Golovchenko, V. V. (2012) Prebiotic activity of pectins and their derivatives, Byull. Orenburg Nauch. Tsentra UrO RAN, 3, 1-8.
141. Rycroft, C. E., Jones, M. R., Gibson, G. R., and Rastall, R. A. (2001) A comparative in vitro evaluation of the fermentation properties of prebiotic oligosaccharides, J. Appl. Microbiol., 91, 878-887.
142. Hartemink, R., van Laere, K. M. J., Mertens, A. K. C., and Rombouts, F. M. (1996) Fermentation of xyloglucan by intestinal bacteria, Anaerobe, 2, 223-230.
143. Van Laere, K. M. J., Hartemink, R., Bosveld, M., Schols, H. A., and Voragen, A. G. J. (2000) Fermentation of plant cell wall derived polysaccharides and their corresponding oligosaccharides by intestinal bacteria, J. Agricult. Food Chem., 48, 1644-1652.
144. Garthoff, J. A., Heemskerk, S., Hempenius, R. A., Lina, B. A. R., Krul, C. A. M., and Koeman, J. H. (2010) Safety evaluation of pectin derived acidic oligosaccharides (pAOS): genotoxicity and sub-chronic studies, Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 57, 31-42.
145. Li, T, Li, S., Du, L., Wang, N., Guo, M., Zhang, J., and Zhang, H. (2010) Effects of haw pectic oligosaccharide on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in experimental hyperlipidemia mice induced by high-fat diet, Food Chem., 121, 1010-1013.
146. Olano-Martin, E., Williams, M. R., Gibson, G. R., and Rastall, R. A. (2003) Pectins and pectic-oligosaccharides inhibit Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shiga toxin as directed towards the human colonic cell line HT29, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 218, 101-105.
147. Trevisi, P., De Filippi, S., Minieri, L., Mazzoni, M., Modesto, M., Biavati, B., and Bosi, P. (2008) Effect of fructo-oligosaccharides and different doses of Bifidobacterium animalis in a weaning diet on bacterial translocation and Toll-like receptor gene expression in pig, Nutrition, 24, 1023-1029.
148. Guggenbichler, J. P., Bettignies-Dutz, A., Meissner, P., Schellmoser, S., and Jurenitsch, J. (1997) Acidic oligosaccharides from natural sources block adherence of Escherichia coli on uroepithelial cells, Pharmac. Pharmacol. Lett., 7, 35-38.
149. Onumpai, C., Kolida, S., Bonnin, E., and Rastall, R. (2011) Utilization and selectivity of pectin fractions with various structures, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 77, 57475754.
150. Vos, A. P., van Esch, E. C. A. M., Stahl, B., M'Rabet, L., Folkerts, G., Nijkamp, F. P., and Garssen, J. (2007) Dietary supplementation with specific oligosaccharide mixtures decreases parameters of allergic asthma in mice, Int. Immunopharmacol., 7, 1582-1587.
151. Wang, J., Sun, B., Cao, Y, Song, H., and Tian, Y (2008) Inhibitory effect of wheat bran feruloyl oligosaccharides on oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes, Food Chem., 109, 129-136.
152. Wu, J. H., Xu, C., Shan, C. Y, and Tan, R. X. (2006) Antioxidant properties and PC12 cell protective effects of APS-1 a polysaccharide from Aloe vera var. chinensis, Life Sci., 78, 622-630.
153. Chun-hui, L., Chang-hai, W., Zhi-liang, X., and Yi, W (2007) Isolation, chemical characterization and antioxidant activities of two polysaccharides from the gel and the skin of Aloe barbadensis Miller irrigated with sea water, Process Biochem., 42, 961-970.
154. Uhlenbruk, G., Beuth, J., Oette, K., Roszkowski, W., Ko, H. L., and Pulverer, G. (1986) Prevention of experimental liver metastases by arabinogalactan, Naturwissenschaften, 73, 626-627.
155. Medvedeva, E. N., Babkin, V. A., and Ostroukhova, L. A. (2003) Larch arabinogalactan- properties and prospects of using, Khim. Rast. Syr'ya, 1, 27-37.
156. Gronhaug, T E., Ghildyal, P., Barsett, H., Michaelsen, T E., Morris, G., and Diallo, D. (2010) Bioactive arabinogalactans from the leaves of Opilia celtidifolia Endl. ex Walp. (Opiliaceae), Glycobiology, 20, 1654-1664.
157. Popov, S. V., and Ovodov, Y. S. (2013) Polypotency of the immunomodulatory effect of pectins, Biochemistry (Moscow), 78, 823-835.
158. Popov, S. V., Ovodova, R. G., Golovchenko, V. V., Khramova, D. S., Markov, P. A., Smirnov, V. V., Shashkov, A. S., and Ovodov, Y. S. (2014) Pectic polysaccharides of the fresh plum Prunus domestica L. isolated with a simulated gastric fluid and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, Food Chem., 143, 106-113.
159. Vos, A. P., Haarman, M., van Ginkel, J.-W. H., Knol, J., Stahl, B., Boehm, G., M'Rabet, L., Nijkamp, F. P., and Garssen, J. (2007) Dietary supplementation of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides enhances Th1-dependent vaccination responses in mice, Pediatr. Allergy Immunol., 18, 304312.
160. Barondes, S. H., Castronovo, V., Cooper, D. N. W., Cummings, R. D., Drickmer, K., and Feizi, T (1994) Galectins- a family of animal beta-galactoside-binding lectins, Cell, 76, 597-598.
161. Rapoport, E. M., Kurmyshkina, O. V., and Bovin, N. V. (2008) Mammalian galectins: structure, carbohydrate specificity, and functions, Biochemistry (Moscow), 73, 393-405.
162. Glinsky, V. V., and Raz, A. (2009) Modified pectin antimetastatic properties: one bullet, multiple targets, Carbohydr. Res., 344, 1788-1791.
163. Takenaka, Y, Fukumori, T, and Raz, A. (2002) Galectin- 3 and metastasis, Clycoconj. J., 19, 543-549.
164. Gunning, A. P., Bongaerts, R. J. M., and Morris, V. J. (2009) Recognition of galactan components of pectin by galectin-3, FASEB J., 23, 415-424.
165. Hagmar, B., Ryd, W., and Skomedal, H. (1991) Arabinogalactan blockade of experimental metastases to liver by murine hepatoma, Invasion and Metastasis, 11, 348-355.
166. Hauer, J., and Anderer, F. A. (1993) Mechanism of stimulation of human natural killer cytotoxicity by arabinogalactan from Larixoccidentalis, Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 36, 237-244.
167. Miller, M. C., Klyosov, A., and Mayo, K. H. (2009) The alpha-galactomannan Davanat binds galectin-1atasitedifferent from the conventional galectin carbohydrate binding domain, Glycobiology, 19, 1034-1045.
168. Tevyashova, A. N., Olsufyeva, E. N., Preobrazhenskaya, M. N., Klyosov, A. A., Zomer, E., and Platt, D. (2007) New conjugates of antitumor antibiotic doxorubicin with water-soluble galactomannan: synthesis and biological activity, Russ. J. Bioorg. Chem., 33, 139-145.
169. Lubrano, C., Flavet, L., Saintigny, G., and Robin, J. (2007) Methods of treating aging of skin with oligosaccharides in cosmetic or dermatological compositions that stimulate adhesion of keratinocytes to major proteins of the dermoepidermal junction and restore epidermal cohesion, US Patent, No. US 2007/0293433A1.
170. Fiehn, O. (2002) Metabolomics- the link between genotypes and phenotypes, Plant Mol. Biol., 48, 155-171.
171. Lokhov, P. G., and Archakov, A. I. (2009) Mass spectrometry methods in metabolomics, Biochemistry (Moscow), Suppl. Ser. B: Biomed. Chem., 3, 1-9.
172. Pabst, M., and Altmann, F. (2011) Glycan analysis by modern instrumental methods, Proteomics, 11, 631-643.
173. Adamczyk, B., Tharmalingam, T, and Rudd, P. M. (2011) Glycans as cancer biomarkers, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1820, 1347-1353.
174. Tarchevsky, I. A. (2002) Signal System of Plant Cells [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow.