Advancing a Biopsychosocial and Contextual Model of Sleep in Adolescence: A Review and Introduction to the Special Issue

Journal of Youth and Adolescence

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 239-270

  Becker, Stephen P ^a,b   Langberg, Joshua M ^c   Byars, Kelly C ^a,b  

^a CINCINNATI CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescent; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Developmental psychopathology; Hyperkinetic disorder; School start time; Sleep problems

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT; ANXIETY; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; COMPLICATION; DEPRESSION; HUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; SLEEP; SLEEP DISORDERS;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT; ANXIETY; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; DEPRESSION; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PSYCHOLOGY; RISK FACTORS; SLEEP; SLEEP DISORDERS;

EID: 84925491651     PISSN: 00472891     EISSN: 15736601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0248-y     Document Type: Editorial

References (304)

1. Accardo, J. A., Marcus, C. L., Leonard, M. B., Shults, J., Meltzer, L. J., & Elia, J. (2012). Associations between psychiatric comorbidities and sleep disturbances in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics,33, 97–105. doi:10.1097/DBP.0b013e31823f6853.
2. Adam, E. K., Snell, E. K., & Pendry, P. (2007). Sleep timing and quantity in ecological and family context: A nationally representative time-diary study. Journal of Family Psychology,21, 4–19. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.21.1.4.
3. Adams, G. C., Stoops, M. A., & Skomro, R. P. (2014). Sleep tight: Exploring the relationship between sleep and attachment style across the life span. Sleep Medicine Reviews,18, 495–507. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.03.002.
4. American Academy of Pediatrics. (2014). School start times for adolescents. Pediatrics,134, 642–649. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1697.
5. American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Third Edition (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
6. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: Fifth Edition (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
7. Anderson, B., Storfer-Isser, A., Taylor, H. G., Rosen, C. L., & Redline, S. (2009). Associations of executive function with sleepiness and sleep duration in adolescents. Pediatrics,123, e701–e707. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1182.
8. Armstrong, J. M., Ruttle, P. L., Klein, M. H., Essex, M. J., & Benca, R. M. (2014). Associations of child insomnia, sleep movement, and their persistence with mental health symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Sleep,37, 901–909. doi:10.5665/sleep.3656.
9. Aronen, E. T., Paavonen, E. J., Fjallberg, M., Soininen, M., & Torronen, J. (2000). Sleep and psychiatric symptoms in school-age children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,39, 502–508. doi:10.1097/00004583-200004000-00020.
10. Arora, T., Broglia, E., Thomas, G. N., & Taheri, S. (2014). Associations between specific technologies and adolescent sleep quantity, sleep quality, and parasomnias. Sleep Medicine,15, 240–247. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.08.799.
11. Astill, R. G., Van der Heijden, K. B., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Van Someren, E. J. (2012). Sleep, cognition, and behavioral problems in school-age children: A century of research meta-analyzed. Psychololgical Bulletin,138, 1109–1138. doi:10.1037/a0028204.
12. Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. (1993). How part-time work intensity relates to drug use, problem behavior, time use, and satisfaction among high school seniors: Are these consequences or merely correlates. Developmental Psychology,29, 220–235. doi:10.1037//0012-1649.29.2.220.
13. Bajoghli, H., Alipouri, A., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., & Brand, S. (2013). Sleep patterns and psychological functioning in families in northeastern Iran; evidence for similarities between adolescent children and their parents. Journal of Adolescence,36, 1103–1113. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.08.016.
14. Banich, M. T. (2009). Executive function: The search for an integrated account. Current Directions in Psychological Science,18, 89–94. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01615.x.
15. Barkley, R. A., Murphy, K. R., & Kwasnik, D. (1996). Motor vehicle driving competencies and risks in teens and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics,98, 1089–1095.
16. Barnes, J. C., & Meldrum, R. C. (2015). The impact of sleep duration on adolescent development: A genetically informed analysis of identical twin pairs. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0137-4.
17. Bartel, K., Gradisar, M., & Williamson, P. (2014). Protective and risk factors for adolescent sleep: A meta-analytic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.08.002.
18. Baum, K. T., Desai, A., Field, J., Miller, L. E., Rausch, J., & Beebe, D. W. (2014). Sleep restriction worsens mood and emotion regulation in adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,55, 180–190. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12125.
19. Becker, S. P. (2014). External validity of children’s self-reported sleep functioning: Associations with academic, social, and behavioral adjustment. Sleep Medicine,15, 1094–1100. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.06.001.
20. Becker, S. P., & Kerig, P. K. (2011). Posttraumatic stress symptoms are associated with the frequency and severity of delinquency among detained boys. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology,40, 765–771. doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.597091.
21. Becker, S. P., Langberg, J. M., & Evans, S. W. (2014). Sleep problems predict comorbid externalizing behaviors and depression in young adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0636-6.
22. Beebe, D. W. (2011). Cognitive, behavioral, and functional consequences of inadequate sleep in children and adolescents. Pediatric Clinics of North America,58, 649–665. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2011.03.002.
23. Beebe, D. W., Fallone, G., Godiwala, N., Flanigan, M., Martin, D., Schaffner, L., & Amin, R. (2008). Feasibility and behavioral effects of an at-home multi-night sleep restriction protocol for adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,49, 915–923. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01885.x.
24. Beebe, D. W., Rose, D., & Amin, R. (2010). Attention, learning, and arousal of experimentally sleep-restricted adolescents in a simulated classroom. Journal of Adolescent Health,47, 523–525. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.03.005.
25. Bell, B. G., & Belsky, J. (2008). Parents, parenting, and children’s sleep problems: Exploring reciprocal effects. British Journal of Developmental Psychology,26, 579–593. doi:10.1348/026151008x285651.
26. Bootzin, R. R., & Stevens, S. J. (2005). Adolescents, substance abuse, and the treatment of insomnia and daytime sleepiness. Clinical Psychology Review,25, 629–644. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.04.007.
27. Borbély, A. A. (1982). A two process model of sleep regulation. Human Neurobiology,1, 195–204.
28. Borbély, A. A., & Achermann, P. (1999). Sleep homeostasis and models of sleep regulation. Journal of Biological Rhythms,14, 557–568. doi:10.1177/074873099129000894.
29. Borbély, A. A., Achermann, P., Trachsel, L., & Tobler, I. (1989). Sleep initiation and initial sleep intensity: Interactions of homeostatic and circadian mechanisms. Journal of Biological Rhythms,4, 149–160. doi:10.1177/074873048900400205.
30. Brand, S., Gerber, M., Hatzinger, M., Beck, J., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2009a). Evidence for similarities between adolescents and parents in sleep patterns. Sleep Medicine,10, 1124–1131. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2008.12.013.
31. Brand, S., Hatzinger, M., Beck, J., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2009b). Perceived parenting styles, personality traits and sleep patterns in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence,32, 1189–1207. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.01.010.
32. Braun, A. R., Balkin, T. J., Wesenten, N. J., Carson, R. E., Varga, M., Baldwin, P., et al. (1997). Regional cerebral blood flow throughout the sleep-wake cycle. An H2(15)O PET study. Brain, 120, 1173–1197. doi:10.1093/brain/120.7.1173.
33. Brković, I., Keresteš, G., & Levpušček, M. P. (2014). Trajectories of change and relationship between parent-adolescent school-related conflict and academic achievement in early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence,34, 792–815. doi:10.1177/0272431613503213.
34. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
35. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1992). Ecological systems theory. In V. Ross (Ed.), Six theories of child development: Revised formulations and current issues (pp. 187–249). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
36. Broyd, S. J., Demanuele, C., Debener, S., Helps, S. K., James, C. J., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. (2009). Default-mode brain dysfunction in mental disorders: A systematic review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews,33, 279–296. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.09.002.
37. Bryant, A. L., Schulenberg, J. E., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Johnston, L. D. (2003). How academic achievement, attitudes, and behaviors relate to the course of substance use during adolescence: A 6-year, multiwave national longitudinal study. Journal of Research on Adolescence,13, 361–397. doi:10.1111/1532-7795.1303005.
38. Bryant, A. L., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2002). Examining the effects of academic beliefs and behaviors on changes in substance use among urban adolescents. Journal of Educational Psychology,94, 621–637. doi:10.1037//0022-0663.94.3.621.
39. Bukowski, W. M., Buhrmester, D., & Underwood, M. K. (2011). Peer relations as a developmental context. In M. K. Underwood & L. H. Rosen (Eds.), Social development: Relationships in infancy, childhood, and adolescence (pp. 153–179). New York: Guilford.
40. Burke, J. D., Loeber, R., & Lahey, B. B. (2001). Which aspects of ADHD are associated with tobacco use in early adolescence? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,42, 493–502. doi:10.1017/S0021963001007132.
41. Cain, N., & Gradisar, M. (2010). Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review. Sleep Medicine,11, 735–742. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.02.006.
42. Cajochen, C., Krauchi, K., & Wirz-Justice, A. (2003). Role of melatonin in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Journal of Neuroendocrinology,15, 432–437. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.00989.x.
43. Calamaro, C. J., Mason, T. B., & Ratcliffe, S. J. (2009). Adolescents living the 24/7 lifestyle: Effects of caffeine and technology on sleep duration and daytime functioning. Pediatrics,123, e1005–e1010. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3641.
44. Campbell, I. G., & Feinberg, I. (2009). Longitudinal trajectories of non-rapid eye movement delta and theta EEG as indicators of adolescent brain maturation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,106, 5177–5180. doi:10.1073/pnas.0812947106.
45. Cappuccio, F. P., Taggart, F. M., Kandala, N. B., Currie, A., Peile, E., Stranges, S., & Miller, M. A. (2008). Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep,31, 619–626.
46. Carrell, S. E., Maghakian, T., & West, J. E. (2011). A’s from Zzzz’s? The causal effect of school start time on the academic achievement of adolescents. American Economic Journal-Economic Policy,3, 62–81. doi:10.1257/Pol.3.3.62.
47. Carskadon, M. A. (2011). Sleep in adolescents: The perfect storm. Pediatric Clinics of North America,58, 637–647. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2011.03.003.
48. Carskadon, M. A., Harvey, K., Duke, P., Anders, T. F., Litt, I. F., & Dement, W. C. (1980). Pubertal changes in daytime sleepiness. Sleep,2, 453–460.
49. Carskadon, M. A., Wolfson, A. R., Acebo, C., Tzischinsky, O., & Seifer, R. (1998). Adolescent sleep patterns, circadian timing, and sleepiness at a transition to early school days. Sleep,21, 871–881.
50. Castellanos, F. X., Margulies, D. S., Kelly, C., Uddin, L. Q., Ghaffari, M., Kirsch, A., & Milham, M. P. (2008). Cingulate-precuneus interactions: A new locus of dysfunction in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry,63, 332–337. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.06.025.
51. Castellanos, F. X., Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Scheres, A., Di Martino, A., Hyde, C., & Walters, J. R. (2005). Varieties of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related intra-individual variability. Biological Psychiatry,57, 1416–1423. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.005.
52. Catrett, C. D., & Gaultney, J. F. (2009). Possible insomnia predicts some risky behaviors among adolescents when controlling for depressive symptoms. Journal of Genetic Psychology,170, 287–309. doi:10.1080/00221320903218331.
53. Charuvastra, A., & Cloitre, M. (2009). Safe enough to sleep: Sleep disruptions associated with trauma, posttraumatic stress, and anxiety in children and adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America,18, 877–891. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2009.04.002.
54. Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (1996). Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology,8, 597–600. doi:10.1017/S0954579400007318.
55. Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2002). A developmental psychopathology perspective on adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,70, 6–20. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.70.1.6.
56. Claes, M., Lacourse, E., Ercolani, A. P., Pierro, A., Leone, L., & Presaghi, F. (2005). Parenting, peer orientation, drug use, and antisocial behavior in late adolescence: A cross-national study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,34, 401–411. doi:10.1007/s10964-005-7258-8.
57. Clinkinbeard, S. S., Simi, P., Evans, M. K., & Anderson, A. L. (2011). Sleep and delinquency: Does the amount of sleep matter? Journal of Youth and Adolescence,40, 916–930. doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9594-6.
58. Coghill, D., Soutullo, C., d’Aubuisson, C., Preuss, U., Lindback, T., Silverberg, M., & Buitelaar, J. (2008). Impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on the patient and family: Results from a European survey. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health,2, 31. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-2-31.
59. Cohen-Zion, M., & Ancoli-Israel, S. (2004). Sleep in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A review of naturalistic and stimulant intervention studies. Sleep Medicine Reviews,8, 379–402. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2004.06.002.
60. Collins, W. A., & Steinberg, L. (2008). Adolescent develoment in interpersonal context. In W. Damon, R. M. Lerner, D. Kuhn, R. S. Siegler, & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Child and adolescent development: An advanced course (pp. 551–590). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
61. Colrain, I. M., & Baker, F. C. (2011). Changes in sleep as a function of adolescent development. Neuropsychology Review,21, 5–21. doi:10.1007/s11065-010-9155-5.
62. Cooley-Quille, M., & Lorion, R. (1999). Adolescents exposure to community violence: Sleep and psychophysiological functioning. Journal of Community Psychology,27, 367–375. doi:10.1002/(Sici)1520-6629(199907)27:4<367:Aid-Jcop1>3.0.Co;2-T.
63. Cortese, S., Faraone, S. V., Konofal, E., & Lecendreux, M. (2009). Sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,48, 894–908. doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181ac09c9.
64. Costello, E. J., Copeland, W., & Angold, A. (2011). Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: What changes when children become adolescents, and when adolescents become adults? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,52, 1015–1025. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x.
65. Curcio, G., Ferrara, M., & De Gennaro, L. (2006). Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep Medicine Reviews,10, 323–337. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2005.11.001.
66. Dahl, R. E. (1996). The regulation of sleep and arousal: Development and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology,8, 3–27. doi:10.1017/S0954579400006945.
67. Dahl, R. E., & El-Sheikh, M. (2007). Considering sleep in a family context: Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Family Psychology,21, 1–3. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.21.1.1.
68. Dahl, R. E., & Lewin, D. S. (2002). Pathways to adolescent health sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health,31, 175–184. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00506-2.
69. Danielsson, N. S., Harvey, A. G., MacDonald, S., Jansson-Frojmark, M., & Linton, S. J. (2013). Sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms in adolescence: The role of catastrophic worry. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,42, 1223–1233. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9811-6.
70. Danner, F., & Phillips, B. (2008). Adolescent sleep, school start times, and teen motor vehicle crashes. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine,4, 533–535.
71. De Havas, J. A., Parimal, S., Soon, C. S., & Chee, M. W. (2012). Sleep deprivation reduces default mode network connectivity and anti-correlation during rest and task performance. Neuroimage,59, 1745–1751. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.026.
72. Deault, L. C. (2010). A systematic review of parenting in relation to the development of comorbidities and functional impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Child Psychiatry and Human Development,41, 168–192. doi:10.1007/s10578-009-0159-4.
73. Dewald, J. F., Meijer, A. M., Oort, F. J., Kerkhof, G. A., & Bogels, S. M. (2010). The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews,14, 179–189. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.004.
74. Dexter, D., Bijwadia, J., Schilling, D., & Applebaugh, G. (2003). Sleep, sleepiness and school start times: A preliminary study. WMJ,102, 44–46.
75. Diaz-Morales, J. F., Escribano, C., Jankowski, K. S., Vollmer, C., & Randler, C. (2014). Evening adolescents: The role of family relationships and pubertal development. Journal of Adolescence,37, 425–432. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.03.001.
76. Dishion, T. J., Nelson, S. E., & Bullock, B. M. (2004). Premature adolescent autonomy: Parent disengagement and deviant peer process in the amplification of problem behaviour. Journal of Adolescence,27, 515–530. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.06.005.
77. Dishion, T. J., Veronneau, M. H., & Myers, M. W. (2010). Cascading peer dynamics underlying the progression from problem behavior to violence in early to late adolescence. Development and Psychopathology,22, 603–619. doi:10.1017/S0954579410000313.
78. Do, Y. K., Shin, E., Bautista, M. A., & Foo, K. (2013). The associations between self-reported sleep duration and adolescent health outcomes: What is the role of time spent on Internet use? Sleep Medicine,14, 195–200. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.09.004.
79. Doane, L. D., Gress-Smith, J. L., & Breitenstein, R. S. (2015). Multi-method assessments of sleep over the transition to college and the associations with depression and anxiety symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0150-7.
80. Doane, L. D., & Thurston, E. C. (2014). Associations among sleep, daily experiences, and loneliness in adolescence: Evidence of moderating and bidirectional pathways. Journal of Adolescence,37, 145–154. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.11.009.
81. Dorofaeff, T. F., & Denny, S. (2006). Sleep and adolescence. Do New Zealand teenagers get enough? Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health,42, 515–520. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00914.x.
82. Dotterer, A. M., Hoffman, L., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (2008). A longitudinal examination of the bidirectional links between academic achievement and parent-adolescent conflict. Journal of Family Issues,29, 762–779. doi:10.1177/0192513x07309454.
83. DuPaul, G. J., & Langberg, J. M. (2014). Educational impairments in children with ADHD. In R. A. Barkley (Ed.), Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (4th ed.). New York: Guilford.
84. Eaton, D. K., McKnight-Eily, L. R., Lowry, R., Perry, G. S., Presley-Cantrell, L., & Croft, J. B. (2010). Prevalence of insufficient, borderline, and optimal hours of sleep among high school students—United States, 2007. Journal of Adolescent Health,46, 399–401. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.10.011.
85. Eccles, J. S., Barber, B. L., Stone, M., & Hunt, J. (2003). Extracurricular activities and adolescent development. Journal of Social Issues,59, 865–889. doi:10.1046/j.0022-4537.2003.00095.x.
86. Edwards, F. (2012). Early to rise? The effect of daily start times on academic performance. Economics of Education Review,31, 970–983. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2012.07.006.
87. Eggermont, S., & Van den Bulck, J. (2006). Nodding off or switching off? The use of popular media as a sleep aid in secondary-school children. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health,42, 428–433. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00892.x.
88. Elder, G. J., Wetherell, M. A., Barclay, N. L., & Ellis, J. G. (2014). The cortisol awakening response: Applications and implications for sleep medicine. Sleep Medicine Reviews,18, 215–224. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2013.05.001.
89. Fair, D. A., Posner, J., Nagel, B. J., Bathula, D., Dias, T. G., Mills, K., et al. (2010). Atypical default network connectivity in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry,68, 1084–1091. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.003.
90. Fallone, G., Acebo, C., Arnedt, J. T., Seifer, R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2001). Effects of acute sleep restriction on behavior, sustained attention, and response inhibition in children. Perceptual and Motor Skills,93, 213–229. doi:10.2466/pms.2001.93.1.213.
91. Fallone, G., Acebo, C., Seifer, R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2005). Experimental restriction of sleep opportunity in children: Effects on teacher ratings. Sleep,28, 1561–1567.
92. Feinberg, I., & Campbell, I. G. (2010). Sleep EEG changes during adolescence: An index of a fundamental brain reorganization. Brain and Cognition,72, 56–65. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2009.09.008.
93. Feinberg, I., Higgins, L. M., Khaw, W. Y., & Campbell, I. G. (2006). The adolescent decline of NREM delta, an indicator of brain maturation, is linked to age and sex but not to pubertal stage. American Journal of Physiology Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology,291, R1724–R1729. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00293.2006.
94. Fischer, F. M., Nagai, R., & Teixeira, L. R. (2008). Explaining sleep duration in adolescents: the impact of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors and working status. Chronobiology International,25, 359–372. doi:10.1080/07420520802110639.
95. Fite, P. J., Becker, S. P., Rubens, S. L., & Cheatham-Johnson, R. (2014). Anxiety symptoms account for the link between reactive aggression and sleep problems among Latino adolescents. Child and Youth Care Forum. doi:10.1007/s10566-014-9288-4.
96. Fontaine, R. G., Yang, C., Burks, V. S., Dodge, K. A., Price, J. M., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (2009). Loneliness as a partial mediator of the relation between low social preference in childhood and anxious/depressed symptoms in adolescence. Development and Psychopathology,21, 479–491. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000261.
97. Fredriksen, K., Rhodes, J., Reddy, R., & Way, N. (2004). Sleepless in Chicago: Tracking the effects of adolescent sleep loss during the middle school years. Child Development,75, 84–95. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00655.x.
98. Fukuda, K., & Ishihara, K. (2002). Routine evening naps and night-time sleep patterns in junior high and high school students. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences,56, 229–230. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.2002.00986.x.
99. Fuligni, A. J., & Hardway, C. (2006). Daily variation in adolescents’ sleep, activities, and psychological well-being. Journal of Research on Adolescence,16, 353–377. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00498.x.
100. Galambos, N. L., Barker, E. T., & Almeida, D. M. (2003). Parents do matter: Trajectories of change in externalizing and internalizing problems in early adolescence. Child Development,74, 578–594. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.7402017.
101. Gangwisch, J. E., Babiss, L. A., Malaspina, D., Turner, J. B., Zammit, G. K., & Posner, K. (2010). Earlier parental set bedtimes as a protective factor against depression and suicidal ideation. Sleep,33, 97–106.
102. Gardner, D. M., & Gerdes, A. C. (2013). A review of peer relationships and friendships in youth with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. doi:10.1177/1087054713501552.
103. Giedd, J. N. (2004). Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1021, 77–85. doi:10.1196/annals.1308.009.
104. Gillen-O’Neel, C., Huynh, V. W., & Fuligni, A. J. (2013). To study or to sleep? The academic costs of extra studying at the expense of sleep. Child Development,84, 133–142. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01834.x.
105. Goldstein, T. R., Bridge, J. A., & Brent, D. A. (2008). Sleep disturbance preceding completed suicide in adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,76, 84–91. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.84.
106. Gradisar, M., Gardner, G., & Dohnt, H. (2011). Recent worldwide sleep patterns and problems during adolescence: A review and meta-analysis of age, region, and sleep. Sleep Medicine,12, 110–118. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.11.008.
107. Gregory, A. M., Caspi, A., Eley, T. C., Moffitt, T. E., Oconnor, T. G., & Poulton, R. (2005). Prospective longitudinal associations between persistent sleep problems in childhood and anxiety and depression disorders in adulthood. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,33, 157–163. doi:10.1007/s10802-005-1824-0.
108. Gregory, A. M., & O’Connor, T. G. (2002). Sleep problems in childhood: A longitudinal study of developmental change and association with behavioral problems. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,41, 964–971. doi:10.1097/00004583-200208000-00015.
109. Gregory, A. M., & Sadeh, A. (2012). Sleep, emotional and behavioral difficulties in children and adolescents. Sleep Medicine Reviews,16, 129–136. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.03.007.
110. Gregory, A. M., Van der Ende, J., Willis, T. A., & Verhulst, F. C. (2008). Parent-reported sleep problems during development and self-reported anxiety/depression, attention problems, and aggressive behavior later in life. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,162, 330–335. doi:10.1001/archpedi.162.4.330.
111. Gruber, R. (2009). Sleep characteristics of children and adolescents with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America,18, 863–876. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2009.04.011.
112. Gruber, R., Fontil, L., Bergmame, L., Wiebe, S. T., Amsel, R., Frenette, S., & Carrier, J. (2012). Contributions of circadian tendencies and behavioral problems to sleep onset problems of children with ADHD. BMC Psychiatry,12, 212. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-212.
113. Gruber, R., & Sadeh, A. (2004). Sleep and neurobehavioral functioning in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and no reported breathing problems. Sleep,27, 267–273.
114. Gruber, R., Sadeh, A., & Raviv, A. (2000). Instability of sleep patterns in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,39, 495–501. doi:10.1097/00004583-200004000-00019.
115. Gruber, R., Wiebe, S., Montecalvo, L., Brunetti, B., Amsel, R., & Carrier, J. (2011). Impact of sleep restriction on neurobehavioral functioning of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sleep,34, 315–323.
116. Guidolin, M., & Gradisar, M. (2012). Is shortened sleep duration a risk factor for overweight and obesity during adolescence? A review of the empirical literature. Sleep Medicine,13, 779–786. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.03.016.
117. Gujar, N., Yoo, S. S., Hu, P., & Walker, M. P. (2010). The unrested resting brain: sleep deprivation alters activity within the default-mode network. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,22, 1637–1648. doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21331.
118. Hale, L., & Guan, S. (2014). Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: A systematic literature review. Sleep Medicine Reviews. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.007.
119. Hansen, M., Janssen, I., Schiff, A., Zee, P. C., & Dubocovich, M. L. (2005). The impact of school daily schedule on adolescent sleep. Pediatrics,115, 1555–1561. doi:10.1542/peds.2004-1649.
120. Hansen, B. H., Skirbekk, B., Oerbeck, B., Richter, J., & Kristensen, H. (2011). Comparison of sleep problems in children with anxiety and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,20, 321–330. doi:10.1007/s00787-011-0179-z.
121. Hansen, B. H., Skirbekk, B., Oerbeck, B., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Kristensen, H. (2014). Associations between sleep problems and attentional and behavioral functioning in children with anxiety disorders and ADHD. Behavioral Sleep Medicine,12, 53–68. doi:10.1080/15402002.2013.764525.
122. Harris, R. A., Qualter, P., & Robinson, S. J. (2013). Loneliness trajectories from middle childhood to pre-adolescence: Impact on perceived health and sleep disturbance. Journal of Adolescence,36, 1295–1304. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.12.009.
123. Hart, C. N., Cairns, A., & Jelalian, E. (2011). Sleep and obesity in children and adolescents. Pediatric Clinics of North America,58, 715–733. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2011.03.007.
124. Helsen, M., Vollebergh, W., & Meeus, W. (2000). Social support from parents and friends and emotional problems in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,29, 319–335. doi:10.1023/A:1005147708827.
125. Hildenbrand, A. K., Daly, B. P., Nicholls, E., Brooks-Holliday, S., & Kloss, J. D. (2013). Increased risk for school violence-related behaviors among adolescents with insufficient sleep. Journal of School Health,83, 408–414. doi:10.1111/josh.12044.
126. Hinshaw, S. P., Owens, E. B., Zalecki, C., Huggins, S. P., Montenegro-Nevado, A. J., Schrodek, E., & Swanson, E. N. (2012). Prospective follow-up of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into early adulthood: Continuing impairment includes elevated risk for suicide attempts and self-injury. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,80, 1041–1051. doi:10.1037/a0029451.
127. Hoeve, M., Dubas, J. S., Eichelsheim, V. I., van der Laan, P. H., Smeenk, W., & Gerris, J. R. (2009). The relationship between parenting and delinquency: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,37, 749–775. doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9310-8.
128. Hvolby, A., Jorgensen, J., & Bilenberg, N. (2008). Actigraphic and parental reports of sleep difficulties in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,162, 323–329. doi:10.1001/archpedi.162.4.323.
129. Ireland, J. L., & Culpin, V. (2006). The relationship between sleeping problems and aggression, anger, and impulsivity in a population of juvenile and young offenders. Journal of Adolescent Health,38, 649–655. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.05.027.
130. James, J. E., Kristjansson, A. L., & Sigfusdottir, I. D. (2011). Adolescent substance use, sleep, and academic achievement: Evidence of harm due to caffeine. Journal of Adolescence,34, 665–673. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.09.006.
131. Jarrin, D. C., McGrath, J. J., Poirier, P., & QUALITY Cohort Collaborative Group. (2015). Autonomic dysfunction: A possible pathophysiological pathway underlying the association between sleep and obesity in children at-risk for obesity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0235-3.
132. Jenni, O. G., Achermann, P., & Carskadon, M. A. (2005). Homeostatic sleep regulation in adolescents. Sleep,28, 1446–1454.
133. Johnson, E. O., & Breslau, N. (2001). Sleep problems and substance use in adolescence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence,64, 1–7. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(00)00222-2.
134. Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Kasen, S., First, M. B., & Brook, J. S. (2004). Association between television viewing and sleep problems during adolescence and early adulthood. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,158, 562–568. doi:10.1001/archpedi.158.6.562.
135. Johnson, E. O., Roth, T., & Breslau, N. (2006a). The association of insomnia with anxiety disorders and depression: Exploration of the direction of risk. Journal of Psychiatric Research,40, 700–708. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.07.008.
136. Johnson, E. O., Roth, T., Schultz, L., & Breslau, N. (2006b). Epidemiology of DSM-IV insomnia in adolescence: Lifetime prevalence, chronicity, and an emergent gender difference. Pediatrics,117, e247–e256. doi:10.1542/peds.2004-2629.
137. Kaneita, Y., Ohida, T., Osaki, Y., Tanihata, T., Minowa, M., Suzuki, K., et al. (2006). Insomnia among Japanese adolescents: A nationwide representative survey. Sleep,29, 1543–1550.
138. Kelly, R. J., & El-Sheikh, M. (2014). Reciprocal relations between children’s sleep and their adjustment over time. Developmental Psychology,50, 1137–1147. doi:10.1037/a0034501.
139. Kelly, R. J., Marks, B. T., & El-Sheikh, M. (2014). Longitudinal relations between parent-child conflict and children’s adjustment: The role of children’s sleep. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,42, 1175–1185. doi:10.1007/s10802-014-9863-z.
140. Kerig, P. K., & Becker, S. P. (2010). From internalizing to externalizing: Theoretical models of the processes linking PTSD to juvenile delinquency. In S. J. Egan (Ed.), Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Causes, symptoms and treatment (pp. 33–78). Hauppauge, NY: Nova.
141. Kerig, P. K., & Becker, S. P. (2015). Early abuse and neglect as risk factors for the development of criminal and antisocial behavior. In J. Morizot & L. Kazemian (Eds.), The development of criminal and antisocial behavior: Theory, research, and practical applications (pp. 181–199). New York: Springer.
142. King, D. L., Gradisar, M., Drummond, A., Lovato, N., Wessel, J., Micic, G., et al. (2013). The impact of prolonged violent video-gaming on adolescent sleep: An experimental study. Journal of Sleep Research,22, 137–143. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01060.x.
143. Kirby, M., Maggi, S., & D’Angiulli, A. (2011). School start times and the sleep–wake cycle of adolescents: A review and critical evaluation of available evidence. Educational Researcher,40, 56–61. doi:10.3102/0013189x11402323.
144. Kirmil-Gray, K., Eagleston, J. R., Gibson, E., & Thoresen, C. E. (1984). Sleep disturbance in adolescents: Sleep quality, sleep habits, beliefs about sleep, and daytime functioning. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,13, 375–384. doi:10.1007/BF02088636.
145. Kirov, R., & Brand, S. (2014). Sleep problems and their effect in ADHD. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics,14, 287–299. doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.885382.
146. Klerman, E. B., Gershengorn, H. B., Duffy, J. F., & Kronauer, R. E. (2002). Comparisons of the variability of three markers of the human circadian pacemaker. Journal of Biological Rhythms,17, 181–193.
147. Kliewer, W., & Lepore, S. J. (2015). Exposure to violence, social cognitive processing, and sleep problems in urban adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0184-x.
148. Kopasz, M., Loessl, B., Hornyak, M., Riemann, D., Nissen, C., Piosczyk, H., & Voderholzer, U. (2010). Sleep and memory in healthy children and adolescents: A critical review. Sleep Medicine Reviews,14, 167–177. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.006.
149. Košćec, A., Radošević-Vidaček, B., & Bakotić, M. (2014). Morningness–eveningness and sleep patterns of adolescents attending school in two rotating shifts. Chronobiology International,31, 52–63. doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.821128.
150. Kouzma, N. M., & Kennedy, G. A. (2002). Homework, stress, and mood disturbance in senior high school students. Psychological Reports,91, 193–198. doi:10.2466/pr0.2002.91.1.193.
151. Kubiszewski, V., Fontaine, R., Potard, C., & Gimenes, G. (2014). Bullying, sleep/wake patterns and subjective sleep disorders: Findings from a cross-sectional survey. Chronobiology International,31, 542–553. doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.877475.
152. Kuo, S. I., Updegraff, K. A., Zeiders, K. H., McHale, S. M., Umana-Taylor, A. J., & De Jesus, S. A. (2015). Mexican American adolescents’ sleep patterns: Contextual correlates and implications for health and adjustment in young adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0156-1.
153. Ladd, G. W., & Ettekal, I. (2013). Peer-related loneliness across early to late adolescence: Normative trends, intra-individual trajectories, and links with depressive symptoms. Journal of Adolescence,36, 1269–1282. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.05.004.
154. Langberg, J. M., Dvorsky, M. R., Becker, S. P., & Molitor, S. J. (2014a). The impact of daytime sleepiness on the school performance of college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A prospective longitudinal study. Journal of Sleep Research,23, 318–325. doi:10.1111/jsr.12121.
155. Langberg, J. M., Dvorsky, M. R., Becker, S. P., & Molitor, S. J. (2014b). School maladjustment and external locus of control predict the daytime sleepiness of college students with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. doi:10.1177/1087054714529818.
156. Langberg, J. M., Dvorsky, M. R., & Evans, S. W. (2013a). What specific facets of executive function are associated with academic functioning in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,41, 1145–1159. doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9750-z.
157. Langberg, J. M., Dvorsky, M. R., Marshall, S., & Evans, S. W. (2013b). Clinical implications of daytime sleepiness for the academic performance of middle school-aged adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Sleep Research,22, 542–548. doi:10.1111/jsr.12049.
158. Larson, R. W. (2001). How US children and adolescents spend time: What it does (and doesn’t) tell us about their development. Current Directions in Psychological Science,10, 160–164. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00139.
159. Larson, K., Russ, S. A., Kahn, R. S., & Halfon, N. (2011). Patterns of comorbidity, functioning, and service use for US children with ADHD, 2007. Pediatrics,127, 462–470. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0165.
160. Lasgaard, M., Goossens, L., & Elklit, A. (2011). Loneliness, depressive symptomatology, and suicide ideation in adolescence: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,39, 137–150. doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9442-x.
161. Laursen, B., & Hartl, A. C. (2013). Understanding loneliness during adolescence: Developmental changes that increase the risk of perceived social isolation. Journal of Adolescence,36, 1261–1268. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.06.003.
162. Lazaratou, H., Dikeos, D. G., Anagnostopoulos, D. C., Sbokou, O., & Soldatos, C. R. (2005). Sleep problems in adolescence. A study of senior high school students in Greece. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,14, 237–243. doi:10.1007/s00787-005-0460-0.
163. Lee, S. S., Humphreys, K. L., Flory, K., Liu, R., & Glass, K. (2011). Prospective association of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use and abuse/dependence: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review,31, 328–341. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.01.006.
164. Lemola, S., Perkinson-Gloor, N., Brand, S., Dewald-Kaufmann, J. F., & Grob, A. (2015). Adolescents’ electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in the smartphone age. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0176-x.
165. Lemola, S., Schwarz, B., & Siffert, A. (2012). Interparental conflict and early adolescents’ aggression: Is irregular sleep a vulnerability factor? Journal of Adolescence,35, 97–105. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.06.001.
166. Lemos, N., Weissheimer, J., & Ribeiro, S. (2014). Naps in school can enhance the duration of declarative memories learned by adolescents. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience,8, 103. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00103.
167. Leone, C. M., & Richards, H. (1989). Classwork and homework in early adolescence: The ecology of achievement. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,18, 531–548. doi:10.1007/BF02139072.
168. Lepore, S. J., & Kliewer, W. (2013). Violence exposure, sleep disturbance, and poor academic performance in middle school. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,41, 1179–1189. doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9709-0.
169. Lewinsohn, P. M., Clarke, G. N., Seeley, J. R., & Rohde, P. (1994). Major depression in community adolescents: Age at onset, episode duration, and time to recurrence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,33, 809–818. doi:10.1097/00004583-199407000-00006.
170. Lin, W. H., & Yi, C. C. (2015). Unhealthy sleep practices, conduct problems, and daytime functioning during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0169-9.
171. Liu, X. (2004). Sleep and adolescent suicidal behavior. Sleep,27, 1351–1358.
172. Logan, D. E., Sieberg, C. B., Conroy, C., Smith, K., Odell, S., & Sethna, N. (2015). Changes in sleep habits in adolescents during intensive interdisciplinary pediatric pain rehabilitation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0155-2.
173. Lovato, N., & Gradisar, M. (2014). A meta-analysis and model of the relationship between sleep and depression in adolescents: Recommendations for future research and clinical practice. Sleep Medicine Reviews,18, 521–529. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.03.006.
174. Lufi, D., Tzischinsky, O., & Hadar, S. (2011). Delaying school starting time by one hour: Some effects on attention levels in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine,7, 137–143.
175. Lundh, L. G., Bjarehed, J., & Wangby-Lundh, M. (2013). Poor sleep as a risk factor for nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescent girls. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment,35, 85–92. doi:10.1007/s10862-012-9307-4.
176. Lycett, K., Mensah, F. K., Hiscock, H., & Sciberras, E. (2014a). A prospective study of sleep problems in children with ADHD. Sleep Medicine,15, 1354–1361. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.06.004.
177. Lycett, K., Sciberras, E., Mensah, F. K., & Hiscock, H. (2014b). Behavioral sleep problems and internalizing and externalizing comorbidities in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0530-2.
178. Mahon, N. E. (1994). Loneliness and sleep during adolescence. Perceptual and Motor Skills,78, 227–231. doi:10.2466/pms.1994.78.1.227.
179. Manni, R., Ratti, M. T., Marchioni, E., Castelnovo, G., Murelli, R., Sartori, I., et al. (1997). Poor sleep in adolescents: A study of 869 17-year-old Italian secondary school students. Journal of Sleep Research,6, 44–49.
180. Marshal, M. P., Molina, B. S. G., & Pelham, W. E. (2003). Childhood ADHD and adolescent substance use: An examination of deviant peer group affiliation as a risk factor. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,17, 293–302. doi:10.1037/0893-164x.17.4.293.
181. Maslowsky, J., & Ozer, E. J. (2014). Developmental trends in sleep duration in adolescence and young adulthood: Evidence from a national United States sample. Journal of Adolescent Health,54, 691–697. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.10.201.
182. Maume, D. J. (2013). Social ties and adolescent sleep disruption. Journal of Health and Social Behavior,54, 498–515. doi:10.1177/0022146513498512.
183. McGlinchey, E. L., & Harvey, A. G. (2015). Risk behaviors and negative health outcomes for adolescents with late bedtimes. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0110-2.
184. McKnight-Eily, L. R., Eaton, D. K., Lowry, R., Croft, J. B., Presley-Cantrell, L., & Perry, G. S. (2011). Relationships between hours of sleep and health-risk behaviors in US adolescent students. Preventive Medicine,53, 271–273. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.06.020.
185. McNamara, P., Andresen, J., Clark, J., Zborowski, M., & Duffy, C. A. (2001). Impact of attachment styles on dream recall and dream content: A test of the attachment hypothesis of REM sleep. Journal of Sleep Research,10, 117–127. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00244.x.
186. McRae, K., Gross, J. J., Weber, J., Robertson, E. R., Sokol-Hessner, P., Ray, R. D., et al. (2012). The development of emotion regulation: An fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal in children, adolescents and young adults. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience,7, 11–22. doi:10.1093/scan/nsr093.
187. Meijer, A. M., Reitz, E., Dekovic, M., van den Wittenboer, G. L., & Stoel, R. D. (2010). Longitudinal relations between sleep quality, time in bed and adolescent problem behaviour. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,51, 1278–1286. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02261.x.
188. Meldrum, R. C., Barnes, J. C., & Hay, C. (2015). Sleep deprivation, low self-control, and delinquency: A test of the strength model of self-control. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-013-0024-4.
189. Meltzer, L. J., & Montgomery-Downs, H. E. (2011). Sleep in the family. Pediatric Clinics of North America,58, 765–774. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2011.03.010.
190. Merikangas, K. R., He, J. P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., et al. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,49, 980–989. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017.
191. Michels, N., Clays, E., De Buyzere, M., Vanaelst, B., De Henauw, S., & Sioen, I. (2013). Children’s sleep and autonomic function: low sleep quality has an impact on heart rate variability. Sleep,36, 1939–1946. doi:10.5665/sleep.3234.
192. Miller, K., Danner, F., & Staten, R. (2008). Relationship of work hours with selected health behaviors and academic progress among a college student cohort. Journal of American College Health,56, 675–679. doi:10.3200/JACH.56.6.675-679.
193. Molina, B. S., & Pelham, W. E, Jr. (2003). Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,112, 497–507. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.112.3.497.
194. Moore, E., Gaskin, C., & Indig, D. (2013). Childhood maltreatment and post-traumatic stress disorder among incarcerated young offenders. Child Abuse and Neglect,37, 861–870. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.07.012.
195. Moore, M., Kirchner, H. L., Drotar, D., Johnson, N., Rosen, C., Ancoli-Israel, S., & Redline, S. (2009). Relationships among sleepiness, sleep time, and psychological functioning in adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology,34, 1175–1183. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsp039.
196. Moreau, V., Rouleau, N., & Morin, C. M. (2013). Sleep, attention, and executive functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,28, 692–699. doi:10.1093/arclin/act051.
197. Moreau, V., Rouleau, N., & Morin, C. M. (2014). Sleep of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Actigraphic and parental reports. Behavioral Sleep Medicine,12, 69–83. doi:10.1080/15402002.2013.764526.
198. Mrug, S., Madan, A., & Windle, M. (2012). Temperament alters susceptibility to negative peer influence in early adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,40, 201–209. doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9550-2.
199. Munezawa, T., Kaneita, Y., Osaki, Y., Kanda, H., Minowa, M., Suzuki, K., et al. (2011). The association between use of mobile phones after lights out and sleep disturbances among Japanese adolescents: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. Sleep,34, 1013–1020. doi:10.5665/SLEEP.1152.
200. Muro, A., Goma-i-Freixanet, M., & Adan, A. (2012). Circadian typology and sensation seeking in adolescents. Chronobiology International,29, 1376–1382. doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.728665.
201. Muzur, A., Pace-Schott, E. F., & Hobson, J. A. (2002). The prefrontal cortex in sleep. Trends in Cognitive Science,6, 475–481. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01992-7.
202. National Sleep Foundation. (2006). 2006 Sleep in America Poll. Washington, DC: National Sleep Foundation.
203. Negriff, S., Dorn, L. D., Pabst, S. R., & Susman, E. J. (2011). Morningness/eveningness, pubertal timing, and substance use in adolescent girls. Psychiatry Research,185, 408–413. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.006.
204. Noble, G. S., O’Laughlin, L., & Brubaker, B. (2012). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and sleep disturbances: Consideration of parental influence. Behavioral Sleep Medicine,10, 41–53. doi:10.1080/15402002.2012.636274.
205. Noland, H., Price, J. H., Dake, J., & Telljohann, S. K. (2009). Adolescents’ sleep behaviors and perceptions of sleep. Journal of School Health,79, 224–230. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00402.x.
206. O’Brien, E. M., & Mindell, J. A. (2005). Sleep and risk-taking behavior in adolescents. Behavioral Sleep Medicine,3, 113–133. doi:10.1207/s15402010bsm0303_1.
207. O’Callaghan, F. V., Al Mamun, A., O’Callaghan, M., Clavarino, A., Williams, G. M., Bor, W., et al. (2010). The link between sleep problems in infancy and early childhood and attention problems at 5 and 14 years: Evidence from a birth cohort study. Early Human Development,86(7), 419–424. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.05.020.
208. Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Science,9, 242–249. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.010.
209. Ohayon, M. M., Carskadon, M. A., Guilleminault, C., & Vitiello, M. V. (2004). Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: Developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan. Sleep,27, 1255–1273.
210. Olds, T., Blunden, S., Petkov, J., & Forchino, F. (2010). The relationships between sex, age, geography and time in bed in adolescents: A meta-analysis of data from 23 countries. Sleep Medicine Reviews,14, 371–378. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.12.002.
211. Owens, J., & Adolescent Sleep Working Group. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: An update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics,134, e921–e932. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1696.
212. Owens, J. A., Belon, K., & Moss, P. (2010). Impact of delaying school start time on adolescent sleep, mood, and behavior. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,164, 608–614. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.96.
213. Owens, J., Gruber, R., Brown, T., Corkum, P., Cortese, S., O’Brien, L., et al. (2013). Future research directions in sleep and ADHD: Report of a consensus working group. Journal of Attention Disorders,17, 550–564. doi:10.1177/1087054712457992.
214. Paavonen, E. J., Raikkonen, K., Lahti, J., Komsi, N., Heinonen, K., Pesonen, A. K., et al. (2009). Short sleep duration and behavioral symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in healthy 7- to 8-year-old children. Pediatrics,123, e857–e864. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2164.
215. Pasch, K. E., Laska, M. N., Lytle, L. A., & Moe, S. G. (2010). Adolescent sleep, risk behaviors, and depressive symptoms: are they linked? American Journal of Health Behavior,34, 237–248.
216. Pasch, K. E., Latimer, L. A., Cance, J. D., Moe, S. G., & Lytle, L. A. (2012). Longitudinal bi-directional relationships between sleep and youth substance use. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,41, 1184–1196. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9784-5.
217. Peach, H. D., & Gaultney, J. F. (2013). Sleep, impulse control, and sensation-seeking predict delinquent behavior in adolescents, emerging adults, and adults. Journal of Adolescent Health,53, 293–299. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.03.012.
218. Peach, H., Gaultney, J. F., & Reeve, C. L. (2015). Sleep characteristics, body mass index, and risk for hypertension in young adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0149-0.
219. Pennington, B. F., & Ozonoff, S. (1996). Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,37, 51–87. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x.
220. Pesonen, A. K., Martikainen, S., Heinonen, K., Wehkalampi, K., Lahti, J., Kajantie, E., & Raikkonen, K. (2014). Continuity and change in poor sleep from childhood to early adolescence. Sleep,37, 289–297. doi:10.5665/sleep.3400.
221. Pieters, S., Burk, W. J., Van der Vorst, H., Dahl, R. E., Wiers, R. W., & Engels, R. C. (2015). Prospective relationships between sleep problems and substance use, internalizing and externalizing problems. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0213-9.
222. Pieters, S., Van Der Vorst, H., Burk, W. J., Wiers, R. W., & Engels, R. C. (2010). Puberty-dependent sleep regulation and alcohol use in early adolescents. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research,34, 1512–1518. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01235.x.
223. Power, T. J., Karustis, J. L., & Habboushe, D. F. (2001). Homework success for children with ADHD: A family-school intervention program. New York: Guilford Press.
224. Power, T. J., Werba, B. E., Watkins, M. W., Angelucci, J. G., & Eiraldi, R. B. (2006). Patterns of parent-reported homework problems among ADHD-referred and non-referred children. School Psychology Quarterly,21, 13–33. doi:10.1521/scpq.2006.21.1.13.
225. Pressman, R. M., & Imber, S. C. (2011). Relationship of children’s daytime behavior problems with bedtime routines/practices: A family context and the consideration of faux-ADHD. American Journal of Family Therapy,39, 404–418. doi:10.1080/01926187.2011.601218.
226. Prinstein, M. J., Heilbron, N., Guerry, J. D., Franklin, J. C., Rancourt, D., Simon, V., & Spirito, A. (2010). Peer influence and nonsuicidal self injury: Longitudinal results in community and clinically-referred adolescent samples. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,38, 669–682. doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9423-0.
227. Reinke, W. M., Herman, K. C., Petras, H., & Ialongo, N. S. (2008). Empirically derived subtypes of child academic and behavior problems: Co-occurrence and distal outcomes. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,36, 759–770. doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9208-2.
228. Roane, B. M., & Taylor, D. J. (2008). Adolescent insomnia as a risk factor for early adult depression and substance abuse. Sleep,31, 1351–1356.
229. Roberts, R. E., Roberts, C. R., & Chen, I. G. (2001). Functioning of adolescents with symptoms of disturbed sleep. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,30, 1–18. doi:10.1023/A:1005230820074.
230. Roberts, R. E., Roberts, C. R., & Chen, I. G. (2002). Impact of insomnia on future functioning of adolescents. Journal of Psychosomatic Research,53, 561–569. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00446-4.
231. Roberts, R. E., Roberts, C. R., & Xing, Y. (2011). Restricted sleep among adolescents: Prevalence, incidence, persistence, and associated factors. Behavioral Sleep Medicine,9, 18–30. doi:10.1080/15402002.2011.533991.
232. Roehrs, T., & Roth, T. (2008). Caffeine: Sleep and daytime sleepiness. Sleep Medicine Reviews,12, 153–162. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.004.
233. Roenneberg, T., Kuehnle, T., Pramstaller, P. P., Ricken, J., Havel, M., Guth, A., & Merrow, M. (2004). A marker for the end of adolescence. Current Biology,14, R1038–R1039. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.039.
234. Rubens, S. L., Fite, P. J., Cooley, J. L., & Canter, K. S. (2014). The role of sleep in the relation between community violence exposure and delinquency among Latino adolescents. Journal of Community Psychology,42, 723–734. doi:10.1002/Jcop.21648.
235. Russo, P. M., Bruni, O., Lucidi, F., Ferri, R., & Violani, C. (2007). Sleep habits and circadian preference in Italian children and adolescents. Journal of Sleep Research,16, 163–169. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2007.00584.x.
236. Sadeh, A., Dahl, R. E., Shahar, G., & Rosenblat-Stein, S. (2009). Sleep and the transition to adolescence: A longitudinal study. Sleep,32, 1602–1609.
237. Sadeh, A., Gruber, R., & Raviv, A. (2003). The effects of sleep restriction and extension on school-age children: What a difference an hour makes. Child Development,74, 444–455. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.7402008.
238. Safron, D. J., Schulenberg, J. E., & Bachman, J. G. (2001). Part-time work and hurried adolescence: the links among work intensity, social activities, health behaviors, and substance use. Journal of Health and Social Behavior,42, 425–449.
239. Sarchiapone, M., Mandelli, L., Carli, V., Iosue, M., Wasserman, C., Hadlaczky, G., et al. (2014). Hours of sleep in adolescents and its association with anxiety, emotional concerns, and suicidal ideation. Sleep Medicine,15, 248–254. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.780.
240. Scharfe, E., & Eldredge, D. (2001). Associations between attachment representations and health behaviors in late adolescence. Journal of Health Psychology,6, 295–307. doi:10.1177/135910530100600303.
241. Schroeder, V. M., & Kelley, M. L. (2009). Associations between family environment, parenting practices, and executive functioning of children with and without ADHD. Journal of Child and Family Studies,18, 227–235. doi:10.1007/s10826-008-9223-0.
242. Shanahan, L., Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., Bondy, C. L., & Costello, E. J. (2014). Sleep problems predict and are predicted by generalized anxiety/depression and oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,53, 550–558. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.029.
243. Shinkoda, H., Matsumoto, K., Park, Y. M., & Nagashima, H. (2000). Sleep–wake habits of schoolchildren according to grade. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences,54, 287–289. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.2000.00681.x.
244. Shochat, T., Cohen-Zion, M., & Tzischinsky, O. (2014). Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews,18, 75–87. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2013.03.005.
245. Shochat, T., Flint-Bretler, O., & Tzischinsky, O. (2010). Sleep patterns, electronic media exposure and daytime sleep-related behaviours among Israeli adolescents. Acta Paediatrica,99, 1396–1400. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01821.x.
246. Short, M. A., Gradisar, M., Lack, L. C., & Wright, H. R. (2013a). The impact of sleep on adolescent depressed mood, alertness and academic performance. Journal of Adolescence,36, 1025–1033. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.08.007.
247. Short, M. A., Gradisar, M., Lack, L. C., Wright, H. R., Dewald, J. F., Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2013b). A cross-cultural comparison of sleep duration between US and Australian adolescents: The effect of school start time, parent-set bedtimes, and extracurricular load. Health Education and Behavior,40, 323–330. doi:10.1177/1090198112451266.
248. Short, M. A., Gradisar, M., Wright, H., Lack, L. C., Dohnt, H., & Carskadon, M. A. (2011). Time for bed: Parent-set bedtimes associated with improved sleep and daytime functioning in adolescents. Sleep,34, 797–800. doi:10.5665/SLEEP.1052.
249. Sibley, M. H., Pelham, W. E, Jr, Molina, B. S., Gnagy, E. M., Waschbusch, D. A., Garefino, A. C., et al. (2012). Diagnosing ADHD in adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,80, 139–150. doi:10.1037/a0026577.
250. Sisk, C. L., & Foster, D. L. (2004). The neural basis of puberty and adolescence. Nature Neuroscience,7, 1040–1047. doi:10.1038/nn1326.
251. Sladek, M. R., & Doane, L. D. (2015). Daily diary reports of social connection, objective sleep, and the cortisol awakening response during adolescents’ first year of college. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0244-2.
252. Sletten, T. L., Rajaratnam, S. M., Wright, M. J., Zhu, G., Naismith, S., Martin, N. G., & Hickie, I. (2013). Genetic and environmental contributions to sleep–wake behavior in 12-year-old twins. Sleep,36, 1715–1722. doi:10.5665/sleep.3136.
253. Smalley, S. L., McGough, J. J., Moilanen, I. K., Loo, S. K., Taanila, A., Ebeling, H., et al. (2007). Prevalence and psychiatric comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in an adolescent Finnish population. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,46, 1575–1583. doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181573137.
254. Sondheim, S. (1984). Sunday in the Park with George: A musical. New York, NY: Revelation Music Pub. Corp. & Rilting Music.
255. Sonuga-Barke, E. J., & Castellanos, F. X. (2007). Spontaneous attentional fluctuations in impaired states and pathological conditions: A neurobiological hypothesis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews,31, 977–986. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.02.005.
256. Spear, L. P. (2000). The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews,24, 417–463. doi:10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00014-2.
257. Stein, M. A., Weiss, M., & Hlavaty, L. (2012). ADHD treatments, sleep, and sleep problems: Complex associations. Neurotherapeutics,9, 509–517. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0130-0.
258. Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2001). Adolescent development. Annual Review of Psychology,52, 83–110. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.83.
259. Storch, E. A., Brassard, M. R., & Masia-Warner, C. L. (2003). The relationship of peer victimization to social anxiety and loneliness in adolescence. Child Study Journal,33, 1–18.
260. Storfer-Isser, A., Lebourgeois, M. K., Harsh, J., Tompsett, C. J., & Redline, S. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale. Journal of Sleep Research,22, 707–716. doi:10.1111/jsr.12059.
261. Sun, W. Q., Spruyt, K., Chen, W. J., Jiang, Y. R., Schonfeld, D., Adams, R., et al. (2014). The relation among sleep duration, homework burden, and sleep hygiene in Chinese school-aged children. Behavior Sleep Medicine,12, 398–411. doi:10.1080/15402002.2013.825837.
262. Sung, V., Hiscock, H., Sciberras, E., & Efron, D. (2008). Sleep problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Prevalence and the effect on the child and family. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,162, 336–342. doi:10.1001/archpedi.162.4.336.
263. Susman, E. J., Dockray, S., Schiefelbein, V. L., Herwehe, S., Heaton, J. A., & Dorn, L. D. (2007). Morningness/eveningness, morning-to-afternoon cortisol ratio, and antisocial behavior problems during puberty. Developmental Psychology,43, 811–822. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.4.811.
264. Talbot, L. S., McGlinchey, E. L., Kaplan, K. A., Dahl, R. E., & Harvey, A. G. (2010). Sleep deprivation in adolescents and adults: Changes in affect. Emotion,10, 831–841. doi:10.1037/a0020138.
265. Tamm, L., Narad, M. E., Antonini, T. N., O’Brien, K. M., Hawk, L. W, Jr, & Epstein, J. N. (2012). Reaction time variability in ADHD: A review. Neurotherapeutics,9, 500–508. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0138-5.
266. Tavernier, R., & Willoughby, T. (2014). Sleep problems: Predictor or outcome of media use among emerging adults at university? Journal of Sleep Research,23, 389–396. doi:10.1111/jsr.12132.
267. Tavernier, R., & Willoughby, T. (2015). A longitudinal examination of the bidirectional association between sleep problems and social ties at university: The mediating role of emotion regulation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0107-x.
268. Taylor, D. J., Jenni, O. G., Acebo, C., & Carskadon, M. A. (2005). Sleep tendency during extended wakefulness: Insights into adolescent sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of Sleep Research,14, 239–244. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00467.x.
269. Teixeira, L. R., Fischer, F. M., de Andrade, M. M., Louzada, F. M., & Nagai, R. (2004a). Sleep patterns of day-working, evening high-schooled adolescents of São Paulo, Brazil. Chronobiology International,21, 239–252. doi:10.1081/CBI-120037808.
270. Teixeira, L. R., Fischer, F. M., Nagai, R., & Turte, S. L. (2004b). Teen at work: The burden of a double shift on daily activities. Chronobiology International,21, 845–858. doi:10.1081/CBI-200036878.
271. Teixeira, L. R., Lowden, A., Turte, S. L., Nagai, R., Moreno, C. R., Latorre, M. D. O. R., & Fischer, F. M. (2007). Sleep and sleepiness among working and non-working high school evening students. Chronobiology International,24, 99–113. doi:10.1080/07420520601139763.
272. Telzer, E. H., Fuligni, A. J., Lieberman, M. D., & Galvan, A. (2013). The effects of poor quality sleep on brain function and risk taking in adolescence. Neuroimage,71, 275–283. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.01.025.
273. Terman, L. M., & Hocking, A. (1913). The sleep of school children, its distribution according to age, and its relation to physical and mental activity. Journal of Educational Psychology,4, 199–208. doi:10.1037/h0072166.
274. Thakkar, V. G. (2013). Diagnosing the wrong deficit. The New York Times, p. SR1. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/28/opinion/sunday/diagnosing-the-wrong-deficit.html
275. Thomas, A. G., Monahan, K. C., Lukowski, A. F., & Cauffman, E. (2015). Sleep problems across development: A pathway to adolescent risk taking through working memory. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0179-7.
276. Thorleifsdottir, B., Bjornsson, J. K., Benediktsdottir, B., Gislason, T., & Kristbjarnarson, H. (2002). Sleep and sleep habits from childhood to young adulthood over a 10-year period. Journal of Psychosomatic Research,53, 529–537. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00444-0.
277. Tynjala, J., Kannas, L., Levalahti, E., & Valimaa, R. (1999). Perceived sleep quality and its precursors in adolescents. Health Promotion International,14, 155–166. doi:10.1093/heapro/14.2.155.
278. Umlauf, M. G., Bolland, A. C., Bolland, K. A., Tomek, S., & Bolland, J. M. (2015). The effects of age, gender, hopelessness, and exposure to violence on sleep disorder symptoms and daytime sleepiness among adolescents in impoverished neighborhoods. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0160-5.
279. Umlauf, M. G., Bolland, J. M., & Lian, B. E. (2011). Sleep disturbance and risk behaviors among inner-city African-American adolescents. Journal of Urban Health,88, 1130–1142. doi:10.1007/s11524-011-9591-4.
280. Van den Bulck, J. (2007). Adolescent use of mobile phones for calling and for sending text messages after lights out: Results from a prospective cohort study with a one-year follow-up. Sleep,30, 1220–1223.
281. Van Petegem, S., Beyers, W., Vansteenkiste, M., & Soenens, B. (2012). On the association between adolescent autonomy and psychosocial functioning: Examining decisional independence from a self-determination theory perspective. Developmental Psychology,48, 76–88. doi:10.1037/a0025307.
282. Vazsonyi, A. T., Harris, C., Terveer, A. M., Pagava, K., Phagava, H., & Michaud, P. A. (2015). Parallel mediation effects by sleep on the parental warmth-problem behavior links: Evidence from national probability samples of Georgian and Swiss adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0167-y.
283. Vinha, D., Cavalcante, J. A., & Andrade, M. M. M. (2002). Sleep–wake patterns of student workers and non-workers. Biological Rhythm Research,33, 417–426. doi:10.1076/brhm.33.4.417.8803.
284. Wahlstrom, K. L. (2002). Accommodating the sleep patterns of adolescents within current educational structures: An uncharted path. In M. A. Carskadon (Ed.), Adolescent sleep patterns: Biological, social, and psychological influences (pp. 172–197). New York: Cambridge University Press.
285. Wahlstrom, K. L., Dretzke, B. J., Gordon, M. F., Peterson, K., Edwards, K., & Gdula, J. (2014). Examining the impact of later high school start times on the health and academic performance of high school students: A multi-site study. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota.
286. Walther, C. A. P., Cheong, J., Molina, B. S. G., Pelham, W. E., Wymbs, B. T., Belendiuk, K. A., & Pedersen, S. L. (2012). Substance use and delinquency among adolescents with childhood ADHD: The protective role of parenting. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,26, 585–598. doi:10.1037/A0026818.
287. Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., & Ford, J. M. (2012). Default mode network activity and connectivity in psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology,8, 49–76. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143049.
288. Whitford, T. J., Rennie, C. J., Grieve, S. M., Clark, C. R., Gordon, E., & Williams, L. M. (2007). Brain maturation in adolescence: Concurrent changes in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. Human Brain Mapping,28, 228–237. doi:10.1002/hbm.20273.
289. Wilkinson, P., Kelvin, R., Roberts, C., Dubicka, B., & Goodyer, I. (2011). Clinical and psychosocial predictors of suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in the Adolescent Depression Antidepressants and Psychotherapy Trial (ADAPT). American Journal of Psychiatry,168, 495–501. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10050718.
290. Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005). Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Biological Psychiatry,57, 1336–1346. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006.
291. Winsler, A., Deutsch, A., Vorona, R. D., Payne, P. A., & Szklo-Coxe, M. (2015). Sleepless in Fairfax: The difference one more hour of sleep can make for teen hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and substance use. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0170-3.
292. Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (1998). Sleep schedules and daytime functioning in adolescents. Child Development,69, 875–887. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06149.x.
293. Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2003). Understanding adolescents’ sleep patterns and school performance: A critical appraisal. Sleep Medicine Reviews,7, 491–506. doi:10.1016/S1087-0792(03)90003-7.
294. Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2005). A survey of factors influencing high school start times. NASSP Bulletin,89, 47–66.
295. Wolfson, A. R., Spaulding, N. L., Dandrow, C., & Baroni, E. M. (2007). Middle school start times: The importance of a good night’s sleep for young adolescents. Behavioral Sleep Medicine,5, 194–209. doi:10.1080/15402000701263809.
296. Wong, M. M., & Brower, K. J. (2012). The prospective relationship between sleep problems and suicidal behavior in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Journal of Psychiatric Research,46, 953–959. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.04.008.
297. Wong, M. M., Brower, K. J., & Zucker, R. A. (2009). Childhood sleep problems, early onset of substance use and behavioral problems in adolescence. Sleep Medicine,10, 787–796. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2008.06.015.
298. Worthman, C. M., & Brown, R. A. (2007). Companionable sleep: Social regulation of sleep and cosleeping in Egyptian families. Journal of Family Psychology,21, 124–135. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.21.1.124.
299. Xu, Z., Su, H., Zou, Y., Chen, J., Wu, J., & Chang, W. (2012). Sleep quality of Chinese adolescents: distribution and its associated factors. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health,48, 138–145. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2011.02065.x.
300. Yang, C. K., Kim, J. K., Patel, S. R., & Lee, J. H. (2005). Age-related changes in sleep/wake patterns among Korean teenagers. Pediatrics,115, 250–256. doi:10.1542/peds.2004-0815G.
301. Yen, C. F., King, B. H., & Tang, T. C. (2010). The association between short and long nocturnal sleep durations and risky behaviours and the moderating factors in Taiwanese adolescents. Psychiatry Research,179, 69–74. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.02.016.
302. Yip, T. (2015). The effects of ethnic/racial discrimination and sleep quality on depressive symptoms and self-esteem trajectories among diverse adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0123-x.
303. Yoon, S. Y., Jain, U., & Shapiro, C. (2012). Sleep in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: Past, present, and future. Sleep Medicine Reviews,16, 371–388. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.07.001.
304. Zhou, H. Q., Shi, W. B., Wang, X. F., Yao, M., Cheng, G. Y., Chen, P. Y., & Li, D. G. (2012). An epidemiological study of sleep quality in adolescents in South China: A school-based study. Child: Care, Health and Development,38, 581–587. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01300.x.