Nano-chemotherapeutics: Maximising lymphatic drug exposure to improve the treatment of lymph-metastatic cancers

Journal of Controlled Release

Volumn 193, Issue , 2014, Pages 241-256

  Ryan, Gemma M ^a   Kaminskas, Lisa M ^a   Porter, Christopher J H ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Chemotherapeutic; Drug delivery systems; Lymph node; Lymphatic; Metastasis

Indexed keywords

DRUG DELIVERY; PATHOLOGY;

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; LYMPH NODE; LYMPHATIC; METASTASIS;

BODY FLUIDS;

ACLARUBICIN; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; CISPLATIN; CYTOKINE; DENDRIMER; DOXORUBICIN; DRUG CARRIER; GEMCITABINE; HONOKIOL; INTEGRIN; LIPOSOME; MELPHALAN; METHOTREXATE; MITOMYCIN; MITOXANTRONE; NANOPARTICLE; NAVELBINE; PACLITAXEL; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA2A; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

ARTICLE; DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG EXPOSURE; HUMAN; HYDROPHOBICITY; HYPERTHERMIA; LYMPH NODE; LYMPH VESSEL; LYMPH VESSEL METASTASIS; LYMPHANGIOGENESIS; LYMPHATIC SYSTEM; MACROMOLECULE; MICELLE; NONHUMAN; POLYMERIZATION; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; DRUG EFFECTS; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; METABOLISM; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PATHOLOGIC; PATHOLOGY; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; VASCULARIZATION;

ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; DRUG CARRIERS; HUMANS; LYMPH NODES; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; NANOPARTICLES; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PATHOLOGIC; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PHENOMENA; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 84908305636     PISSN: 01683659     EISSN: 18734995     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.051     Document Type: Article

References (195)

1. K. Kawada, and M.M. Taketo Significance and mechanism of lymph node metastasis in cancer progression Cancer Res. 71 2011 1214 1218
2. K. Okamoto, K. Sawai, H. Minato, H. Yada, M. Shirasu, C. Sakakura, E. Otsuji, K. Kitamura, H. Taniguchi, A. Hagiwara, T. Yamaguchi, and T. Takahashi Number and anatomical extent of lymph node metastases in gastric cancer: analysis using intra-lymph node injection of activated carbon particles (CH40) Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 29 1999 74 77
3. P. Brodt Characterization of two highly metastatic variants of Lewis lung carcinoma with different organ specificities Cancer Res. 46 1986 2442 2448
4. P.M. Ward, and L. Weiss Metachronous seeding of lymph node metastases in rats bearing the MT-100-TC mammary carcinoma: the effect of elective lymph node dissection Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 14 1989 315 320
5. G. Crile, W. Isbister, and S.D. Deodhar Demonstration that large metastases in lymph nodes disseminate cancer cells to blood and lungs Cancer 28 1971 657
6. T. Ashikaga, D.N. Krag, S.R. Land, T.B. Julian, S.J. Anderson, A.M. Brown, J.M. Skelly, S.P. Harlow, D.L. Weaver, E.P. Mamounas, J.P. Costantino, and N. Wolmark Morbidity results from the NSABP B-32 trial comparing sentinel lymph node dissection versus axillary dissection J. Surg. Oncol. 102 2010 111 118
7. K. Fife, and J.F. Thompson Lymph-node metastases in patients with melanoma: what is the optimum management? Lancet Oncol. 2 2001 614 621
8. G.M. Ryan, L.M. Kaminskas, J.B. Bulitta, M.P. McIntosh, D.J. Owen, and C.J.H. Porter PEGylated polylysine dendrimers increase lymphatic exposure to doxorubicin when compared to PEGylated liposomal and solution formulations of doxorubicin J. Control. Release 172 2013 128 136
9. L.M. Kaminskas, D.B. Ascher, V.M. McLeod, M.J. Herold, C.P. Le, E.K. Sloan, and C.J.H. Porter PEGylation of interferon α2 improves lymphatic exposure after subcutaneous and intravenous administration and improves antitumour efficacy against lymphatic breast cancer metastases J. Control. Release 168 2013 200 208
10. R. Liu, D.M. Gilmore, K.A.V. Zubris, X. Xu, P.J. Catalano, R.F. Padera, M.W. Grinstaff, and Y.L. Colson Prevention of nodal metastases in breast cancer following the lymphatic migration of paclitaxel-loaded expansile nanoparticles Biomaterials 34 2013 1810 1819
11. L. Brannon-Peppas, and J.O. Blanchette Nanoparticle and targeted systems for cancer therapy Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 64 2012 206 212
12. F. Alexis, E. Pridgen, R. Langer, and O. Farokhzad Nanoparticle technologies for cancer therapy M. Schäfer-Korting, Drug Delivery 2010 Springer Berlin Heidelberg 55 86
13. Y. Matsumura, and H. Maeda A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent SMANCS Cancer Res. 46 1986 6387 6392
14. K. Greish Enhanced permeability and retention of macromolecular drugs in solid tumors: a royal gate for targeted anticancer nanomedicines J. Drug Target. 15 2007 457 464
15. P.P. Adiseshaiah, J.B. Hall, and S.E. McNeil Nanomaterial standards for efficacy and toxicity assessment Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. 2 2010 99 112
16. Y. Baran, B. Gur, P. Kaya, A.U. Ural, F. Avcu, and U. Gunduz Upregulation of multi drug resistance genes in doxorubicin resistant human acute myelogeneous leukemia cells and reversal of the resistance Hematology 12 2007 511 517
17. B. Baguley Multiple drug resistance mechanisms in cancer Mol. Biotechnol. 46 2010 308 316
18. D. Stewart, M. Nunez, J. Jelinek, D. Hong, S. Gupta, J.-P. Issa, I. Wistuba, and R. Kurzrock Decitabine impact on the endocytosis regulator RhoA, the folate carriers RFC1 and FOLR1, and the glucose transporter GLUT4 in human tumors Clin. Epigenetics 6 2014 1 9
19. P. Ma, and R.J. Mumper Anthracycline nano-delivery systems to overcome multiple drug resistance: a comprehensive review Nano Today 8 2013 313 331
20. A. Rahman, S.R. Husain, J. Siddiqui, M. Verma, M. Agresti, M. Center, A.R. Safa, and R.I. Glazer Liposome-mediated modulation of multidrug resistance in human HL-60 leukemia cells J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 84 1992 1909 1915
21. C. Riganti, C. Voena, J. Kopecka, P.A. Corsetto, G. Montorfano, E. Enrico, C. Costamagna, A.M. Rizzo, D. Ghigo, and A. Bosia Liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin reverses drug resistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein in human cancer cells Mol. Pharm. 8 2011 683 700
22. C. Zheng, J. Xu, X. Yao, J. Xu, and L. Qiu Polyphosphazene nanoparticles for cytoplasmic release of doxorubicin with improved cytotoxicity against Dox-resistant tumor cells J. Colloid Interface Sci. 355 2011 374 382
23. A.A. Gabizon Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: metamorphosis of an old drug into a new form of chemotherapy Cancer Investig. 19 2001 424 436
24. S. Han, T. Quach, L. Hu, A. Wahab, W.N. Charman, V.J. Stella, N.L. Trevaskis, J.S. Simpson, and C.J.H. Porter Targeted delivery of a model immunomodulator to the lymphatic system: comparison of alkyl ester versus triglyceride mimetic lipid prodrug strategies J. Control. Release 177 2014 1 10
25. C.J.H. Porter Drug delivery to the lymphatic system Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 14 1997 333 393
26. C. Oussoren, and G. Storm Liposomes to target the lymphatics by subcutaneous administration Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 50 2001 143 156
27. T.R. Bagby, S. Duan, S. Cai, Q. Yang, S. Thati, C. Berkland, D.J. Aires, and M.L. Forrest Lymphatic trafficking kinetics and near-infrared imaging using star polymer architectures with controlled anionic character Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 47 2012 287 294
28. M.A. Swartz The physiology of the lymphatic system Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 50 2001 3 20
29. P. Ananthakrishnan, G. Mariani, L. Moresco, and A.E. Giuliano The anatomy and physiology of lymphatic circulation G. Mariani, A.E. Giuliano, H.W. Strauss, Radioguided Surgery 2008 Springer New York 57 71
30. S.Y. Wong, and R.O. Hynes Lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination: how does a metastatic tumor cell decide? Cell Cycle 5 2006 812 817
31. S. Hirakawa, L.F. Brown, S. Kodama, K. Paavonen, K. Alitalo, and M. Detmar VEGF-C-induced lymphangiogenesis in sentinel lymph nodes promotes tumor metastasis to distant sites Blood 109 2007 1010 1017
32. C.-N. Qian, B. Berghuis, G. Tsarfaty, M. Bruch, E.J. Kort, J. Ditlev, I. Tsarfaty, E. Hudson, D.G. Jackson, D. Petillo, J. Chen, J.H. Resau, and B.T. Teh Preparing the "soil": the primary tumor induces vasculature reorganization in the sentinel lymph node before the arrival of metastatic cancer cells Cancer Res. 66 2006 10365 10376
33. M.I. Harrell, B.M. Iritani, and A. Ruddell Tumor-induced sentinel lymph node lymphangiogenesis and increased lymph flow precede melanoma metastasis Am. J. Pathol. 170 2007 774 786
34. P. Foubert, and J.A. Varner Integrins in tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis M. Shimaoka, Integrin and Cell Adhesion Molecules 2012 Humana Press New York 471 486
35. B. Pytowski, J. Goldman, K. Persaud, Y. Wu, L. Witte, D.J. Hicklin, M. Skobe, K.C. Boardman, and M.A. Swartz Complete and specific inhibition of adult lymphatic regeneration by a novel VEGFR-3 neutralizing antibody J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 97 2005 14 21
36. Y. Kodera, Y. Katanasaka, Y. Kitamura, H. Tsuda, K. Nishio, T. Tamura, and F. Koizumi Sunitinib inhibits lymphatic endothelial cell functions and lymph node metastasis in a breast cancer model through inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 Breast Cancer Res. 13 2011 R66
37. C.A. Heckman, T. Holopainen, and K. Alitalo Molecular targeting of lymphangiogenesis and tumor metastasis from local invasion to metastatic cancer S.P.L. Leong, 2009 Humana Press 283 295
38. R.C. Ji, Y. Eshita, and S. Kato Investigation of intratumoural and peritumoural lymphatics expressed by podoplanin and LYVE-1 in the hybridoma-induced tumours Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 88 2007 257 270
39. T.P. Padera, A. Kadambi, E. di Tomaso, C.M. Carreira, E.B. Brown, Y. Boucher, N.C. Choi, D. Mathisen, J. Wain, E.J. Mark, L.L. Munn, and R.K. Jain Lymphatic metastasis in the absence of functional intratumor lymphatics Science 296 2002 1883 1886
40. G.W. Schmid-Schonbein Microlymphatics and lymph flow Physiol. Rev. 70 1990 987 1028
41. S.D. Nathanson Insights into the mechanisms of lymph node metastasis Cancer 98 2003 413 423
42. A. Muller, B. Homey, H. Soto, N. Ge, D. Catron, M.E. Buchanan, T. McClanahan, E. Murphy, W. Yuan, S.N. Wagner, J.L. Barrera, A. Mohar, E. Verastegui, and A. Zlotnik Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis Nature 410 2001 50 56
43. A.F. Chambers, A.C. Groom, and I.C. MacDonald Metastasis: dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites Nat. Rev. Cancer 2 2002 563 572
44. M. Thelen, and J.V. Stein How chemokines invite leukocytes to dance Nat. Immunol. 9 2008 953 959
45. M.G. Achen, and S.A. Stacker Molecular control of lymphatic metastasis Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1131 2008 225 234
46. K. Mashino, N. Sadanaga, H. Yamaguchi, F. Tanaka, M. Ohta, K. Shibuta, H. Inoue, and M. Mori Expression of chemokine receptor CCR7 is associated with lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma Cancer Res. 62 2002 2937 2941
47. Z.J. Shang, K. Liu, and Z. Shao Expression of chemokine receptor CCR7 is associated with cervical lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma Oral Oncol. 45 2009 480 485
48. I. Takanami Overexpression of CCR7 mRNA in nonsmall cell lung cancer: correlation with lymph node metastasis Int. J. Cancer 105 2003 186 189
49. A. Zlotnik, A.M. Burkhardt, and B. Homey Homeostatic chemokine receptors and organ-specific metastasis Nat. Rev. Immunol. 11 2011 597 606
50. S. Lanati, D.B. Dunn, M. Roussigné, M.S. Emmett, V. Carriere, D. Jullien, J. Budge, J. Fryer, M. Erard, F. Cailler, J.-P. Girard, and D.O. Bates Chemotrap-1: an engineered soluble receptor that blocks chemokine-induced migration of metastatic cancer cells in vivo Cancer Res. 70 2010 8138 8148
51. M. Retz, S.S. Sidhu, J. Lehmann, H. Tamamura, N. Fujii, and C. Basbaum New HIV-drug inhibits in vitro bladder cancer migration and invasion Eur. Urol. 48 2005 1025 1030
52. H. Tamamura, A. Hori, N. Kanzaki, K. Hiramatsu, M. Mizumoto, H. Nakashima, N. Yamamoto, A. Otaka, and N. Fujii T140 analogs as CXCR4 antagonists identified as anti-metastatic agents in the treatment of breast cancer FEBS Lett. 550 2003 79 83
53. R.K. Ganju, Y.S. Deol, and M.W. Nasser Role of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in tumor biology and metastasis A. Fatatis, 2012 Springer Netherlands 221 243
54. G. Bozzuto, P. Ruggieri, and A. Molinari Molecular aspects of tumor cell migration and invasion Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita. 46 2010 66 80
55. E. Ruoslahti Integrins J. Clin. Invest. 87 1991 1 5
56. J.S. Desgrosellier, and D.A. Cheresh Integrins in cancer: biological implications and therapeutic opportunities Nat. Rev. Cancer 10 2010 9 22
57. Z. Liu, F. Wang, and X. Chen Integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-targeted cancer therapy Drug Dev. Res. 69 2008 329 339
58. A. Ramsay, J. Marshall, and I. Hart Integrin trafficking and its role in cancer metastasis Cancer Metastasis Rev. 26 2007 567 578
59. H. Yao, D. Veine, K. Fay, E. Staszewski, Z.-Z. Zeng, and D. Livant The PHSCN dendrimer as a more potent inhibitor of human breast cancer cell invasion, extravasation, and lung colony formation Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 125 2011 363 375
60. P.C. Brooks, R.A. Clark, and D.A. Cheresh Requirement of vascular integrin alpha-v beta-3 for angiogenesis Science 264 1994 569 (563)
61. U.B. Hofmann, J.R. Westphal, E.T. Waas, J.C. Becker, D.J. Ruiter, and G.N.P. van Muijen Coexpression of integrin [alpha]v[beta]3 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) coincides with MMP-2 activation: correlation with melanoma progression 115 2000 625 632
62. J. Nip, H. Shibata, D.J. Loskutoff, D.A. Cheresh, and P. Brodt Human melanoma cells derived from lymphatic metastases use integrin alpha v beta 3 to adhere to lymph node vitronectin J. Clin. Investig. 90 1992 1406 1413
63. K.R. Gehlsen, G.E. Davis, and P. Sriramarao Integrin expression in human melanoma cells with differing invasive and metastatic properties Clin. Exp. Metastasis 10 1992 111 120
64. C. Oussoren, J. Zuidema, D.J.A. Crommelin, and G. Storm Lymphatic uptake and biodistribution of liposomes after subcutaneous injection I. Influence of the anatomical site of injection J. Liposome Res. 7 1997 85 99
65. K.J. Harrington, G. Rowlinson-Busza, K.N. Syrigos, P.S. Uster, R.G. Vile, and J.S.W. Stewart Pegylated liposomes have potential as vehicles for intratumoral and subcutaneous drug delivery Clin. Cancer Res. 6 2000 2528 2537
66. S. Attili-Qadri, N. Karra, A. Nemirovski, O. Schwob, Y. Talmon, T. Nassar, and S. Benita Oral delivery system prolongs blood circulation of docetaxel nanocapsules via lymphatic absorption Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110 2013 17498 17503
67. T. Nassar, S. Attili-Qadri, O. Harush-Frenkel, S. Farber, S. Lecht, P. Lazarovici, and S. Benita High plasma levels and effective lymphatic uptake of docetaxel in an orally available nanotransporter formulation Cancer Res. 71 2011 3018 3028
68. Y. Xie, T.R. Bagby, M. Cohen, and M.L. Forrest Drug delivery to the lymphatic system: importance in future cancer diagnosis and therapies Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 6 2009 785 792
69. C.J.H. Porter, and S.A. Charman Lymphatic transport of proteins after subcutaneous administration J. Pharm. Sci. 89 2000 297 310
70. S.T. Reddy, A. Rehor, H.G. Schmoekel, J.A. Hubbell, and M.A. Swartz In vivo targeting of dendritic cells in lymph nodes with poly(propylene sulfide) nanoparticles J. Control. Release 112 2006 26 34
71. H. Kobayashi, S. Kawamoto, P.L. Choyke, N. Sato, M.V. Knopp, R.A. Star, T.A. Waldmann, Y. Tagaya, and M.W. Brechbiel Comparison of dendrimer-based macromolecular contrast agents for dynamic micro-magnetic resonance lymphangiography Magn. Reson. Med. 50 2003 758 766
72. A.E. Hawley, S.S. Davis, and L. Illum Targeting of colloids to lymph nodes: influence of lymphatic physiology and colloidal characteristics Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 17 1995 129 148
73. O.V. Khullar, A.P. Griset, S.L. Gibbs-Strauss, L.R. Chirieac, K.A.V. Zubris, J.V. Frangioni, M.W. Grinstaff, and Y.L. Colson Nanoparticle migration and delivery of paclitaxel to regional lymph nodes in a large animal model J. Am. Coll. Surg. 214 2012 328 337
74. C. Oussoren, J. Zuidema, D.J.A. Crommelin, and G. Storm Lymphatic uptake and biodistribution of liposomes after subcutaneous injection: II. Influence of liposomal size, lipid composition and lipid dose Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr. 1328 1997 261 272
75. D.N. McLennan, C.J.H. Porter, and S.A. Charman Subcutaneous drug delivery and the role of the lymphatics Drug Discov. Today Technol. 2 2005 89 96
76. L.M. Kaminskas, J. Kota, V.M. McLeod, B.D. Kelly, P. Karellas, and C.J.H. Porter PEGylation of polylysine dendrimers improves absorption and lymphatic targeting following SC administration in rats J. Control. Release 140 2009 108 116
77. Y. Takakura, M. Kitajima, S. Matsumoto, M. Hashida, and H. Sezaki Development of a novel polymeric prodrug of mitomycin C, mitomycin C-dextran conjugate with anionic charge. I. Physicochemical characteristics and in vivo and in vitro antitumor activities Int. J. Pharm. 37 1987 135 143
78. J. Kota, K.K. Machavaram, D.N. McLennan, G.A. Edwards, C.J.H. Porter, and S.A. Charman Lymphatic absorption of subcutaneously administered proteins: influence of different injection sites on the absorption of darbepoetin alfa using a sheep model Drug Metab. Dispos. 35 2007 2211 2217
79. L. Feng, L. Zhang, M. Liu, Z. Yan, C. Wang, B. Gu, Y. Liu, G. Wei, G. Zhong, and W. Lu Roles of dextrans on improving lymphatic drainage for liposomal drug delivery system J. Drug Target. 18 2010 168 178
80. P.S. Mortimer, R. Simmonds, M. Rezvani, M. Robbins, J.W. Hopewell, and T.J. Ryan The measurement of skin lymph flow by isotope clearance - reliability, reproducibility, injection dynamics, and the effect of massage J. Investig. Dermatol. 95 1990 677 682
81. A.M. Dahlberg, L.M. Kaminskas, A. Smith, J.A. Nicolazzo, C.J.H. Porter, J.B. Bulitta, and M.P. McIntosh The lymphatic system plays a major role in the intravenous and subcutaneous pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab in rats Mol. Pharm. 11 2013 496 504
82. S.M. Moghimi, A.E. Hawley, N.M. Christy, T. Gray, L. Illum, and S.S. Davis Surface engineered nanospheres with enhanced drainage into lymphatics and uptake by macrophages of the regional lymph nodes FEBS Lett. 344 1994 25 30
83. Y. Takakura, S. Matsumoto, M. Hashida, and H. Sezaki Enhanced lymphatic delivery of mitomycin C conjugated with dextran Cancer Res. 44 1984 2505 2510
84. C. Oussoren, and G. Storm Role of macrophages in the localisation of liposomes in lymph nodes after subcutaneous administration Int. J. Pharm. 183 1999 37 41
85. C. Oussoren, M. Velinova, G. Scherphof, J.J. van der Want, N. van Rooijen, and G. Storm Lymphatic uptake and biodistribution of liposomes after subcutaneous injection: IV. Fate of liposomes in regional lymph nodes Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr. 1370 1998 259 272
86. L.M. Kaminskas, and C.J.H. Porter Targeting the lymphatics using dendritic polymers (dendrimers) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 63 2011 890 900
87. G. Storm, P.A. Steerenberg, F. Emmen, M. van Borssum Waalkes, and D.J.A. Crommelin Release of doxorubicin from peritoneal macrophages exposed in vivo to doxorubicin-containing liposomes Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj. 965 1988 136 145
88. S.M. Ryan, G. Mantovani, X. Wang, D.M. Haddleton, and D.J. Brayden Advances in PEGylation of important biotech molecules: delivery aspects Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 5 2008 371 383
89. S. Bai, and F. Ahsan Synthesis and evaluation of pegylated dendrimeric nanocarrier for pulmonary delivery of low molecular weight heparin Pharm. Res. 26 2009 539 548
90. J.M. Harris, and R.B. Chess Effect of pegylation on pharmaceuticals Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2 2003 214 221
91. H. Hatakeyama, H. Akita, and H. Harashima A multifunctional envelope type nano device (MEND) for gene delivery to tumours based on the EPR effect: a strategy for overcoming the PEG dilemma Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 63 2011 152 160
92. W. Li, Z. Huang, J.A. MacKay, S. Grube, and F.C. Szoka Low-pH-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-stabilized plasmid nanolipoparticles: effects of PEG chain length, lipid composition and assembly conditions on gene delivery J. Gene Med. 7 2005 67 79
93. J. Shin, P. Shum, and D.H. Thompson Acid-triggered release via dePEGylation of DOPE liposomes containing acid-labile vinyl ether PEG-lipids J. Control. Release 91 2003 187 200
94. T. Maeda, and K. Fujimoto A reduction-triggered delivery by a liposomal carrier possessing membrane-permeable ligands and a detachable coating Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 49 2006 15 21
95. J.X. Zhang, S. Zalipsky, N. Mullah, M. Pechar, and T.M. Allen Pharmaco attributes of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine/cholesterylhemisuccinate liposomes containing different types of cleavable lipopolymers Pharmacol. Res. 49 2004 185 198
96. H. Xu, Y. Deng, D. Chen, W. Hong, Y. Lu, and X. Dong Esterase-catalyzed dePEGylation of pH-sensitive vesicles modified with cleavable PEG-lipid derivatives J. Control. Release 130 2008 238 245
97. H. Hatakeyama, H. Akita, K. Kogure, M. Oishi, Y. Nagasaki, Y. Kihira, M. Ueno, H. Kobayashi, H. Kikuchi, and H. Harashima Development of a novel systemic gene delivery system for cancer therapy with a tumor-specific cleavable PEG-lipid Gene Ther. 14 2006 68 77
98. J. Li, Z. Ge, and S. Liu PEG-sheddable polyplex micelles as smart gene carriers based on MMP-cleavable peptide-linked block copolymers Chem. Commun. (Camb.) 49 2013 6974 6976
99. L. Zhu, T. Wang, F. Perche, A. Taigind, and V.P. Torchilin Enhanced anticancer activity of nanopreparation containing an MMP2-sensitive PEG-drug conjugate and cell-penetrating moiety Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110 2013 17047 17052
100. K. Lawson, K. Anderson, R. Snyder, M. Simmons-Menchaca, J. Atkinson, L.-Z. Sun, A. Bandyopadhyay, V. Knight, B. Gilbert, B. Sanders, and K. Kline Novel vitamin E analogue and 9-nitro-camptothecin administered as liposome aerosols decrease syngeneic mouse mammary tumor burden and inhibit metastasis Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 54 2004 421 431
101. D.C. Drummond, O. Meyer, K. Hong, D.B. Kirpotin, and D. Papahadjopoulos Optimizing liposomes for delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to solid tumors Pharmacol. Rev. 51 1999 691 744
102. C.K. Kim, and J.H. Han Lymphatic delivery and pharmacokinetics of methotrexate after intramuscular injection of differently charged liposome-entrapped methotrexate to rats J. Microencapsul. 12 1995 437 446
103. K. Kono, T. Ozawa, T. Yoshida, F. Ozaki, Y. Ishizaka, K. Maruyama, C. Kojima, A. Harada, and S. Aoshima Highly temperature-sensitive liposomes based on a thermosensitive block copolymer for tumor-specific chemotherapy Biomaterials 31 2010 7096 7105
104. Y. Akamo, I. Mizuno, T. Yotsuyanagi, T. Ichino, N. Tanimoto, T. Yamamoto, M. Nagata, H. Takeyama, N. Shinagawa, J. Yura, and T. Manabe Chemotherapy targeting regional lymph nodes by gastric submucosal injection of liposomal adriamycin in patients with gastric carcinoma Cancer Sci. 85 1994 652 658
105. R.C.F. Leonard, S. Williams, A. Tulpule, A.M. Levine, and S. Oliveros Improving the therapeutic index of anthracycline chemotherapy: focus on liposomal doxorubicin (Myocet(tm)) Breast 18 2009 218 224
106. C. Oussoren, and G. Storm Lymphatic uptake and biodistribution of liposomes after subcutaneous injection: III. Influence of surface modification with poly(ethyleneglycol) Pharm. Res. 14 1997 1479 1484
107. K. Hlrano, and C. Anthony Hunt Lymphatic transport of liposome-encapsulated agents: effects of liposome size following intraperitoneal administration J. Pharm. Sci. 74 1985 915 921
108. R. Ling, Y. Li, Q. Yao, T. Chen, D. Zhu, Y. Jun, and J. Chen Lymphatic chemotherapy induces apoptosis in lymph node metastases in a rabbit breast carcinoma model J. Drug Target. 13 2005 137 142
109. Y. Tsukioka, Y. Matsumura, T. Hamaguchi, H. Koike, F. Moriyasu, and T. Kakizoe Pharmaceutical and biomedical differences between micellar doxorubicin (NK911) and liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil) Cancer Sci. 93 2002 1145 1153
110. Y. Matsumura, T. Hamaguchi, T. Ura, K. Muro, Y. Yamada, Y. Shimada, K. Shirao, T. Okusaka, H. Ueno, M. Ikeda, and N. Watanabe Phase I clinical trial and pharmacokinetic evaluation of NK911, a micelle-encapsulated doxorubicin Br. J. Cancer 91 2004 1775 1781
111. L. Qin, F. Zhang, X. Lu, X. Wei, J. Wang, X. Fang, D. Si, Y. Wang, C. Zhang, R. Yang, C. Liu, and W. Liang Polymeric micelles for enhanced lymphatic drug delivery to treat metastatic tumors J. Control. Release 171 2013 133 142
112. M. Rafi, H. Cabral, M.R. Kano, P. Mi, C. Iwata, M. Yashiro, K. Hirakawa, K. Miyazono, N. Nishiyama, and K. Kataoka Polymeric micelles incorporating (1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum (II) suppress the growth of orthotopic scirrhous gastric tumors and their lymph node metastasis J. Control. Release 159 2012 189 196
113. E.R. Gillies, and J.M.J. Fréchet Dendrimers and dendritic polymers in drug delivery Drug Discov. Today 10 2005 35 43
114. B.J. Boyd, L.M. Kaminskas, P. Karellas, G. Krippner, R. Lessene, and C.J.H. Porter Cationic poly-l-lysine dendrimers: pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and evidence for metabolism and bioresorption after intravenous administration to rats Molecular Pharmaceutics 3 2006 614 627
115. C. Kojima, K. Kono, K. Maruyama, and T. Takagishi Synthesis of polyamidoamine dendrimers having poly(ethylene glycol) grafts and their ability to encapsulate anticancer drugs Bioconjug. Chem. 11 2000 910 917
116. L.M. Kaminskas, Z. Wu, N. Barlow, G.Y. Krippner, B.J. Boyd, and C.J.H. Porter Partly-PEGylated Poly-l-lysine dendrimers have reduced plasma stability and circulation times compared with fully PEGylated dendrimers J. Pharm. Sci. 98 2009 3871 3875
117. L.M. Kaminskas, B.J. Boyd, P. Karellas, S.A. Henderson, M.P. Giannis, G.Y. Krippner, and C.J.H. Porter Impact of surface derivatization of Poly-l-lysine dendrimers with anionic arylsulfonate or succinate groups on intravenous pharmacokinetics and disposition Mol. Pharm. 4 2007 949 961
118. O.P. Perumal, R. Inapagolla, S. Kannan, and R.M. Kannan The effect of surface functionality on cellular trafficking of dendrimers Biomaterials 29 2008 3469 3476
119. L.M. Kaminskas, B.J. Boyd, P. Karellas, G.Y. Krippner, R. Lessene, B. Kelly, and C.J.H. Porter The impact of molecular weight and PEG chain length on the systemic pharmacokinetics of PEGylated Poly l-Lysine dendrimers Mol. Pharm. 5 2008 449 463
120. L.M. Kaminskas, B.D. Kelly, V.M. McLeod, B.J. Boyd, G.Y. Krippner, E.D. Williams, and C.J.H. Porter Pharmacokinetics and tumor disposition of PEGylated, methotrexate conjugated Poly-l-lysine dendrimers Mol. Pharm. 6 2009 1190 1204
121. D.S. Pisal, V.K. Yellepeddi, A. Kumar, R.S. Kaushik, M.B. Hildreth, X. Guan, and S. Palakurthi Permeability of surface-modified polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers across Caco-2 cell monolayers Int. J. Pharm. 350 2008 113 121
122. R. Jevprasesphant, J. Penny, R. Jalal, D. Attwood, N.B. McKeown, and A. D'Emanuele The influence of surface modification on the cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers Int. J. Pharm. 252 2003 263 266
123. R. Duncan, and L. Izzo Dendrimer biocompatibility and toxicity Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 57 2005 2215 2237
124. L.M. Kaminskas, V.M. McLeod, B.D. Kelly, C. Cullinane, G. Sberna, M. Williamson, B.J. Boyd, D.J. Owen, and C.J.H. Porter Doxorubicin-conjugated PEGylated dendrimers show similar tumoricidal activity but lower systemic toxicity when compared to PEGylated liposome and solution formulations in mouse and rat tumor models Mol. Pharm. 9 2012 422 432
125. J.R. Baker Jr. Dendrimer-based nanoparticles for cancer therapy Hematology 2009 2009 708 719
126. L.M. Kaminskas, B.D. Kelly, V.M. McLeod, G. Sberna, D.J. Owen, B.J. Boyd, and C.J.H. Porter Characterisation and tumour targeting of PEGylated polylysine dendrimers bearing doxorubicin via a pH labile linker J. Control. Release 152 2011 241 248
127. C.C. Lee, E.R. Gillies, M.E. Fox, S.J. Guillaudeu, J.M.J. Fréchet, E.E. Dy, and F.C. Szoka A single dose of doxorubicin-functionalized bow-tie dendrimer cures mice bearing C-26 colon carcinomas Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103 2006 16649 16654
128. Y. Wang, X. Cao, R. Guo, M. Shen, M. Zhang, M. Zhu, and X. Shi Targeted delivery of doxorubicin into cancer cells using a folic acid-dendrimer conjugate Polym. Chem. 2 2011 1754 1760
129. R. Mounzer, P. Shkarin, X. Papademetris, T. Constable, N.H. Ruddle, and T.M. Fahmy Dynamic imaging of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes using a bimodal nanoparticulate contrast agent Lymphat. Res. Biol. 5 2007 151 158
130. Y. Koyama, V.S. Talanov, M. Bernardo, Y. Hama, C.A.S. Regino, M.W. Brechbiel, P.L. Choyke, and H. Kobayashi A dendrimer-based nanosized contrast agent dual-labeled for magnetic resonance and optical fluorescence imaging to localize the sentinel lymph node in mice J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 25 2007 866 871
131. H. Kobayashi, S. Kawamoto, M. Bernardo, M.W. Brechbiel, M.V. Knopp, and P.L. Choyke Delivery of gadolinium-labeled nanoparticles to the sentinel lymph node: comparison of the sentinel node visualization and estimations of intra-nodal gadolinium concentration by the magnetic resonance imaging J. Control. Release 111 2006 343 351
132. X. Shao, Q. Liu, C. Zhang, X. Zheng, J. Chen, Y. Zha, Y. Qian, X. Zhang, Q. Zhang, and X. Jiang Concanavalin A-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for intranasal drug delivery to the cervical lymph nodes J. Microencapsul. 30 2013 780 786
133. I.C. Kourtis, S. Hirosue, A. de Titta, S. Kontos, T. Stegmann, J.A. Hubbell, and M.A. Swartz Peripherally administered nanoparticles target monocytic myeloid cells, secondary lymphoid organs and tumors in mice PLoS One 8 2013 e61646
134. S.N. Thomas, E. Vokali, A.W. Lund, J.A. Hubbell, and M.A. Swartz Targeting the tumor-draining lymph node with adjuvanted nanoparticles reshapes the anti-tumor immune response Biomaterials 35 2014 814 824
135. A. Hagiwara, T. Takahashi, R. Lee, T. Ueda, M. Takeda, and T. Itoh Enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy on carcinomatous peritonitis using a new dosage form in animal experiments Anticancer Res. 7 1987 167 170
136. A. Hagiwara, T. Takahashi, T. Ueda, R. Lee, M. Takeda, and T. Itoh Intraoperative chemotherapy with carbon particles adsorbing mitomycin C for gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination in rabbits Surgery 104 1988 874 881
137. T. Takahashi, A. Hagiwara, M. Shimotsuma, K. Sawai, and T. Yamaguchi Prophylaxis and treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis: intraperitoneal chemotherapy with mitomycin C bound to activated carbon particles World J. Surg. 19 1995 565 569
138. A. Hagiwara, T. Takahashi, K. Sawai, C. Sakakura, M. Shirasu, M. Ohgaki, T. Imanishi, J. Yamasaki, Y. Takemoto, and N. Kageyama Selective drug delivery to peri-tumoral region and regional lymphatics by local injection of aclarubicin adsorbed on activated carbon particles in patients with breast cancer - a pilot study Anti-Cancer Drugs 8 1997 666 670
139. J. Chen, L. Wang, Q. Yao, R. Ling, K. Li, and H. Wang Drug concentrations in axillary lymph nodes after lymphatic chemotherapy on patients with breast cancer Breast Cancer Res. 6 2004 R474 R477
140. F. Yang, C. Jin, D. Yang, Y. Jiang, J. Li, Y. Di, J. Hu, C. Wang, Q. Ni, and D. Fu Magnetic functionalised carbon nanotubes as drug vehicles for cancer lymph node metastasis treatment Eur. J. Cancer 47 2011 1873 1882
141. D.G. Jackson The lymphatics revisited: new perspectives from the hyaluronan receptor LYVE-1 Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 13 2003 1 7
142. S. Cai, Y. Xie, T.R. Bagby, M.S. Cohen, and M.L. Forrest Intralymphatic chemotherapy using a hyaluronan-cisplatin conjugate J. Surg. Res. 147 2008 247 252
143. S. Cai, Y. Xie, N.M. Davies, M.S. Cohen, and M.L. Forrest Pharmacokinetics and disposition of a localized lymphatic polymeric hyaluronan conjugate of cisplatin in rodents J. Pharm. Sci. 99 2010 2664 2671
144. A.A. Dünne, H.G. Boerner, H. Kukula, H. Schlaad, S. Wiegand, J.A. Werner, and M. Antonietti Block copolymer carrier systems for translymphatic chemotherapy of lymph node metastases Anticancer Res. 27 2007 3935 3940
145. J.H. Chen, R. Ling, Q. Yao, Y. Li, T. Chen, Z. Wang, and K.Z. Li Effect of small-sized liposomal Adriamycin administered by various routes on a metastatic breast cancer model Endocr. Relat. Cancer 12 2005 93 100
146. H. Konno, T. Tadakuma, K. Kumai, T. Takahashi, K. Ishibiki, O. Abe, and S. Sakaguchi The antitumor effects of adriamycin entrapped in liposomes on lymph node metastases Jpn. J. Surg. 20 1990 424 428
147. J. Wen, A.f. Fu, L.-J. Chen, X.-J. Xie, G.-L. Yang, X.-C. Chen, Y.-S. Wang, J. Li, P. Chen, M.-H. Tang, X.M. Shao, Y. Lu, X. Zhao, and Y.-Q. Wei Liposomal honokiol inhibits VEGF-D-induced lymphangiogenesis and metastasis in xenograft tumor model Int. J. Cancer 124 2009 2709 2718
148. Z. Yan, F. Wang, Z. Wen, C. Zhan, L. Feng, Y. Liu, X. Wei, C. Xie, and W. Lu LyP-1-conjugated PEGylated liposomes: a carrier system for targeted therapy of lymphatic metastatic tumor J. Control. Release 157 2012 118 125
149. D.E. Lopes de Menezes, L.M. Pilarski, and T.M. Allen In vitro and in vivo targeting of immunoliposomal doxorubicin to human B-Cell lymphoma Cancer Res. 58 1998 3320 3330
150. R.J. Parker, K.D. Hartman, and S.M. Sieber Lymphatic absorption and tissue disposition of liposome-entrapped [14C]adriamycin following intraperitoneal administration to rats Cancer Res. 41 1981 1311 1317
151. R.J. Parker, E.R. Priester, and S.M. Sieber Effect of route administration and liposome entrapment on the metabolism and disposition of adriamycin in the rat Drug Metab. Dispos. 10 1982 499 504
152. J. Khato, E.R. Priester, and S.M. Sieber Enhanced lymph node uptake of melphalan following liposomal entrapment and effects on lymph node metastasis in rats Cancer Treat. Rep. 66 1982 517 527
153. J. Khato, A.A. del Campo, and S.M. Sieber Carrier activity of sonicated small liposomes containing melphalan to regional lymph nodes of rats Pharmacology 26 1983 230 240
154. S. Hamaguchi, I. Tohnai, A. Ito, K. Mitsudo, T. Shigetomi, M. Ito, H. Honda, T. Kobayashi, and M. Ueda Selective hyperthermia using magnetoliposomes to target cervical lymph node metastasis in a rabbit tongue tumor model Cancer Sci. 94 2003 834 839
155. G. Luo, X. Yu, C. Jin, F. Yang, D. Fu, J. Long, J. Xu, C. Zhan, and W. Lu LyP-1-conjugated nanoparticles for targeting drug delivery to lymphatic metastatic tumors Int. J. Pharm. 385 2010 150 156
156. E.A. Murphy, B.K. Majeti, L.A. Barnes, M. Makale, S.M. Weis, K. Lutu-Fuga, W. Wrasidlo, and D.A. Cheresh Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to tumor vasculature suppresses metastasis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105 2008 9343 9348
157. N. Li, L.H. Peng, X. Chen, T.Y. Zhang, G.F. Shao, W.Q. Liang, and J.Q. Gao Antigen-loaded nanocarriers enhance the migration of stimulated Langerhans cells to draining lymph nodes and induce effective transcutaneous immunization Nanomedicine 10 2014 215 223
158. H. Lu, B. Li, Y. Kang, W. Jiang, Q. Huang, Q. Chen, L. Li, and C. Xu Paclitaxel nanoparticle inhibits growth of ovarian cancer xenografts and enhances lymphatic targeting Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 59 2007 175 181
159. B. Lu, S.-B. Xiong, H. Yang, X.-D. Yin, and R.-B. Chao Solid lipid nanoparticles of mitoxantrone for local injection against breast cancer and its lymph node metastases Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 28 2006 86 95
160. Z. Xu, S. Ramishetti, Y.C. Tseng, S. Guo, Y. Wang, and L. Huang Multifunctional nanoparticles co-delivering Trp2 peptide and CpG adjuvant induce potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response against melanoma and its lung metastasis J. Control. Release 172 2013 259 265
161. X.W. He, T. Liu, Y.X. Chen, D.J. Cheng, X.R. Li, Y. Xiao, and Y.L. Feng Calcium carbonate nanoparticle delivering vascular endothelial growth factor-C siRNA effectively inhibits lymphangiogenesis and growth of gastric cancer in vivo Cancer Gene Ther. 15 2008 193 202
162. X.W. He, T. Liu, Y. Xiao, Y.L. Feng, D.J. Cheng, G. Tingting, L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and Y.X. Chen Vascular endothelial growth factor-C siRNA delivered via calcium carbonate nanoparticle effectively inhibits lymphangiogenesis and growth of colorectal cancer in vivo Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 24 2009 249 259
163. M.V. Yigit, S.K. Ghosh, M. Kumar, V. Petkova, A. Kavishwar, A. Moore, and Z. Medarova Context-dependent differences in miR-10b breast oncogenesis can be targeted for the prevention and arrest of lymph node metastasis Oncogene 32 2013 1530 1538
164. C.C.A. Sakakura, T. Takahashi, K. Sawai, A. Hagiwara, M. Ito, S. Shobayashi, S. Sasaki, K. Ozaki, and M. Shirasu Enhancement of therapeutic efficacy of aclarubicin against lymph node metastases using a new dosage form: aclarubicin adsorbed on activated carbon particles Anti-Cancer Drugs 3 1992 233 236
165. C. Niu, Z. Wang, G. Lu, T.M. Krupka, Y. Sun, Y. You, W. Song, H. Ran, P. Li, and Y. Zheng Doxorubicin loaded superparamagnetic PLGA-iron oxide multifunctional microbubbles for dual-mode US/MR imaging and therapy of metastasis in lymph nodes Biomaterials 34 2013 2307 2317
166. T. Murakami, H. Sawada, G. Tamura, M. Yudasaka, S. Iijima, and K. Tsuchida Water-dispersed single-wall carbon nanohorns as drug carriers for local cancer chemotherapy Nanomedicine 3 2008 453 463
167. S. Cai, S. Thati, T.R. Bagby, H.-M. Diab, N.M. Davies, M.S. Cohen, and M.L. Forrest Localized doxorubicin chemotherapy with a biopolymeric nanocarrier improves survival and reduces toxicity in xenografts of human breast cancer J. Control. Release 146 2010 212 218
168. S.M. Cohen, N. Rockefeller, R. Mukerji, D. Durham, M.L. Forrest, S. Cai, M.S. Cohen, and Y. Shnayder Efficacy and toxicity of peritumoral delivery of nanoconjugated cisplatin in an in vivo murine model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 139 2013 382 387
169. Q. Yang, D.J. Aires, S. Cai, G.R. Fraga, D. Zhang, C.Z. Li, and M.L. Forrest In vivo efficacy of nano hyaluronan-conjugated Cisplatin for treatment of murine melanoma J. Drugs Dermatol. 13 2014 283 287
170. D. Kim, E. Lee, K. Park, I. Kwon, and Y. Bae Doxorubicin loaded pH-sensitive micelle: antitumoral efficacy against ovarian A2780/DOXR tumor Pharm. Res. 25 2008 2074 2082
171. K. Ulbrich, T. Etrych, P. Chytil, M. JelIÍnková, and B. ŘIÍhová HPMA copolymers with pH-controlled release of doxorubicin: in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity J. Control. Release 87 2003 33 47
172. T.L. Andresen, D.H. Thompson, and T. Kaasgaard Enzyme-triggered nanomedicine: drug release strategies in cancer therapy (invited review) Mol. Membr. Biol. 27 2010 353 363
173. G.M. Dubowchik, R.A. Firestone, L. Padilla, D. Willner, S.J. Hofstead, K. Mosure, J.O. Knipe, S.J. Lasch, and P.A. Trail Cathepsin B-labile dipeptide linkers for lysosomal release of doxorubicin from internalizing immunoconjugates: model studies of enzymatic drug release and antigen-specific in vitro anticancer activity Bioconjug. Chem. 13 2002 855 869
174. I.J. Fidler Targeting of immunomodulators to mononuclear phagocytes for therapy of cancer Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2 1988 69 106
175. I.J. Fidler, Z. Barnes, W.E. Fogler, R. Kirsh, P. Bugelski, and G. Poste Involvement of macrophages in the eradication of established metastases following intravenous injection of liposomes containing macrophage activators Cancer Res. 42 1982 496 501
176. L. Bingle, N.J. Brown, and C.E. Lewis The role of tumour-associated macrophages in tumour progression: implications for new anticancer therapies J. Pathol. 196 2002 254 265
177. A. Masztalerz, N. Rooijen, W. Otter, and L. Everse Mechanisms of macrophage cytotoxicity in IL-2 and IL-12 mediated tumour regression Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 52 2003 235 242
178. P. Laakkonen, K. Porkka, J.A. Hoffman, and E. Ruoslahti A tumor-homing peptide with a targeting specificity related to lymphatic vessels Nat. Med. 8 2002 751 755
179. P. Laakkonen, M.E. Åkerman, H. Biliran, M. Yang, F. Ferrer, T. Karpanen, R.M. Hoffman, and E. Ruoslahti Antitumor activity of a homing peptide that targets tumor lymphatics and tumor cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 2004 9381 9386
180. V. Fogal, L. Zhang, S. Krajewski, and E. Ruoslahti Mitochondrial/cell-surface protein p32/gC1qR as a molecular target in tumor cells and tumor stroma Cancer Res. 68 2008 7210 7218
181. P.P. Karmali, V.R. Kotamraju, M. Kastantin, M. Black, D. Missirlis, M. Tirrell, and E. Ruoslahti Targeting of albumin-embedded paclitaxel nanoparticles to tumors Nanomedicine: NBM 5 2009 73 82
182. C. Li, Y. Wang, X. Zhang, L. Deng, Y. Zhang, and Z. Chen Tumor-targeted liposomal drug delivery mediated by a diseleno bond-stabilized cyclic peptide Int. J. Nanomedicine 8 2013 1051 1062
183. W. Yang, D. Luo, S. Wang, R. Wang, R. Chen, Y. Liu, T. Zhu, X. Ma, R. Liu, G. Xu, L. Meng, Y. Lu, J. Zhou, and D. Ma TMTP1, a novel tumor-homing peptide specifically targeting metastasis Clin. Cancer Res. 14 2008 5494 5502
184. R. Liu, L. Xi, D. Luo, X. Ma, W. Yang, Y. Xi, H. Wang, M. Qian, L. Fan, X. Xia, K. Li, D. Wang, J. Zhou, L. Meng, S. Wang, and D. Ma Enhanced targeted anticancer effects and inhibition of tumor metastasis by the TMTP1 compound peptide TMTP1-TAT-NBD J. Control. Release 161 2012 893 902
185. Z. Wang, Y. Yu, W. Dai, J. Cui, H. Wu, L. Yuan, H. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Wang, X. Zhang, and Q. Zhang A specific peptide ligand-modified lipid nanoparticle carrier for the inhibition of tumor metastasis growth Biomaterials 34 2013 756 764
186. Z. Wang, Y. Yu, W. Dai, J. Lu, J. Cui, H. Wu, L. Yuan, H. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Wang, X. Zhang, and Q. Zhang The use of a tumor metastasis targeting peptide to deliver doxorubicin-containing liposomes to highly metastatic cancer Biomaterials 33 2012 8451 8460
187. E. Murphy, and D. Stupack Vitronectin-binding integrins in cancer R. Zent, A. Pozzi, Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interactions in Cancer 2010 Springer New York 137 170
188. X. Montet, M. Funovics, K. Montet-Abou, R. Weissleder, and L. Josephson Multivalent effects of RGD peptides obtained by nanoparticle display J. Med. Chem. 49 2006 6087 6093
189. S. Cressman, Y. Sun, E. Maxwell, N. Fang, D. Chen, and P. Cullis Binding and uptake of RGD-containing ligands to cellular avb3 integrins Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther. 15 2009 49 59
190. F. Erogbogbo, K.-T. Yong, I. Roy, R. Hu, W.-C. Law, W. Zhao, H. Ding, F. Wu, R. Kumar, M.T. Swihart, and P.N. Prasad In vivo targeted cancer imaging, sentinel lymph node mapping and multi-channel imaging with biocompatible silicon nanocrystals ACS Nano 5 2010 413 423
191. J.H. Yu, S.-H. Kwon, Z. Petrášek, O.K. Park, S.W. Jun, K. Shin, M. Choi, Y.I. Park, K. Park, H.B. Na, N. Lee, D.W. Lee, J.H. Kim, P. Schwille, and T. Hyeon High-resolution three-photon biomedical imaging using doped ZnS nanocrystals Nat. Mater. 12 2013 359 366
192. S. Liu Radiolabeled multimeric cyclic RGD peptides as integrin αvβ3 targeted radiotracers for tumor imaging Mol. Pharm. 3 2006 472 487
193. Y.-f. Zhang, J.-c. Wang, D.-y. Bian, X. Zhang, and Q. Zhang Targeted delivery of RGD-modified liposomes encapsulating both combretastatin A-4 and doxorubicin for tumor therapy: in vitro and in vivo studies European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 74 2010 467 473
194. Y. Miura, T. Takenaka, K. Toh, S. Wu, H. Nishihara, M.R. Kano, Y. Ino, T. Nomoto, Y. Matsumoto, H. Koyama, H. Cabral, N. Nishiyama, and K. Kataoka Cyclic RGD-linked polymeric micelles for targeted delivery of platinum anticancer drugs to glioblastoma through the blood-brain tumor barrier ACS Nano 7 2013 8583 8592
195. X.-B. Xiong, Y. Huang, W.-L. Lu, X. Zhang, H. Zhang, T. Nagai, and Q. Zhang Intracellular delivery of doxorubicin with RGD-modified sterically stabilized liposomes for an improved antitumor efficacy: in vitro and in vivo J. Pharm. Sci. 94 2005 1782 1793