MicroRNAs: Promising new antiangiogenic targets in cancer

BioMed Research International

Volumn 2014, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Gallach, Sandra ^a   Calabuig Fariñas, Silvia ^a   Jantus Lewintre, Eloisa ^a,b   Camps, Carlos ^a,c  

^a HOSPITAL GENERAL UNIVERSITARIO DE VALENCIA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE VALÈNCIA   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTAGOMIR; LOCKED NUCLEIC ACID; MICRORNA; MICRORNA 200; MICRORNA 21; MICRORNA 210; MICRORNA 221; MICRORNA 222; VASCULOTROPIN; ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR;

ANGIOGENESIS; BIOGENESIS; CANCER GROWTH; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; HUMAN; HYPOXIA; NEOPLASM; NEOVASCULARIZATION (PATHOLOGY); PERSONALIZED MEDICINE; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; ANIMAL; GENETICS; METABOLISM; MOLECULARLY TARGETED THERAPY; NEOPLASMS; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PATHOLOGIC; VASCULARIZATION;

ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS; ANIMALS; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALIZED MEDICINE; MICRORNAS; MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY; NEOPLASMS; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PATHOLOGIC;

EID: 84907387497     PISSN: 23146133     EISSN: 23146141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2014/878450     Document Type: Review

References (146)

1. R. C. Lee, R. L. Feinbaum, and V. Ambros, "The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14," Cell, vol. 75, no. 5, pp. 843-854, 1993.
2. A. Esquela-Kerscher and F. J. Slack, "Oncomirs - microRNAs with a role in cancer," Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 259-269, 2006.
3. R. Garzon, M. Fabbri, A. Cimmino, G. A. Calin, and C. M. Croce, "MicroRNA expression and function in cancer," Trends in Molecular Medicine, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 580-587, 2006.
4. P. S. Meltzer, "Cancer genomics: small RNAs with big impacts," Nature, vol. 435, no. 7043, pp. 745-746, 2005.
5. J. Lu, G. Getz, E. A. Miska et al., "MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers," Nature, vol. 435, no. 7043, pp. 834-838, 2005.
6. G. A. Calin, C. Sevignani, C. D. Dumitru et al., "Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 101, no. 9, pp. 2999-3004, 2004.
7. G. A. Calin and C. M. Croce, "MicroRNA signatures in human cancers," Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 857-866, 2006.
8. M. Lagos-Quintana, R. Rauhut, W. Lendeckel, and T. Tuschl, "Identification of novel genes coding for small expressed RNAs," Science, vol. 294, no. 5543, pp. 853-858, 2001.
9. N. C. Lau, L. P. Lim, E. G. Weinstein, and D. P. Bartel, "An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans," Science, vol. 294, no. 5543, pp. 858-862, 2001.
10. R. C. Lee and V. Ambros, "An extensive class of small RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans," Science, vol. 294, no. 5543, pp. 862-864, 2001.
11. D. P. Bartel, "MicroRNAs: Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions," Cell, vol. 136, no. 2, pp. 215-233, 2009.
12. M. Ul Hussain, "Micro-RNAs (miRNAs): genomic organisation, biogenesis and mode of action," Cell and Tissue Research, vol. 349, no. 2, pp. 405-413, 2012.
13. Y. Lee, M. Kim, J. Han et al., "MicroRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II," The EMBO Journal, vol. 23, no. 20, pp. 4051-4060, 2004.
14. A. M. Denli, B. B. J. Tops, R. H. A. Plasterk, R. F. Ketting, and G. J. Hannon, "Processing of primary microRNAs by the Microprocessor complex," Nature, vol. 432, no. 7014, pp. 231-235, 2004.
15. R. I. Gregory, K. Yan, G. Amuthan et al., "The Microprocessor complex mediates the genesis of microRNAs," Nature, vol. 432, no. 7014, pp. 235-240, 2004.
16. J. Han, Y. Lee, K. Yeom, Y. Kim, H. Jin, and V. N. Kim, "The Drosha-DGCR8 complex in primary microRNA processing," Genes and Development, vol. 18, no. 24, pp. 3016-3027, 2004.
17. J. Han, Y. Lee, K. H. Yeom et al., "Molecular basis for the recognition of primary microRNAs by the Drosha-DGCR8 complex," Cell, vol. 125, no. 5, pp. 887-901, 2006.
18. R. Yi, Y. Qin, I. G. Macara, and B. R. Cullen, "Exportin-5 mediates the nuclear export of pre-microRNAs and short hairpin RNAs," Genes & Development, vol. 17, no. 24, pp. 3011-3016, 2003.
19. E. Lund, S. Güttinger, A. Calado, J. E. Dahlberg, and U. Kutay, "Nuclear Export of MicroRNA Precursors," Science, vol. 303, no. 5654, pp. 95-98, 2004.
20. M. T. Bohnsack, K. Czaplinski, and D. Görlich, "Exportin 5 is a RanGTP-dependent dsRNA-binding protein that mediates nuclear export of pre-miRNAs," RNA, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 185-191, 2004.
21. E. Bernstein, A. A. Caudy, S. M. Hammond, and G. J. Hannon, "Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference," Nature, vol. 409, no. 6818, pp. 363-366, 2001.
22. G. Hutvágner, J. McLachlan, A. E. Pasquinelli, É. Bálint, T. Tuschl, and P. D. Zamore, "A cellular function for the RNA-interference enzyme dicer in the maturation of the let-7 small temporal RNA," Science, vol. 293, no. 5531, pp. 834-838, 2001.
23. G. Hutvágner and P. D. Zamore, "A microRNA in a multiple-turnover RNAi enzyme complex," Science, vol. 297, no. 5589, pp. 2056-2060, 2002.
24. Z. Mourelatos, J. Dostie, S. Paushkin et al., "miRNPs: a novel class of ribonucleoproteins containing numerous microRNAs," Genes and Development, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 720-728, 2002.
25. R. W. Carthew and E. J. Sontheimer, "Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs," Cell, vol. 136, no. 4, pp. 642-655, 2009.
26. J. Krol, I. Loedige, and W. Filipowicz, "The widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis, function and decay," Nature Reviews Genetics, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 597-610, 2010.
27. T. A. Farazi, J. I. Hoell, P. Morozov, and T. Tuschl, "MicroRNAs in human cancer," Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol. 774, pp. 1-20, 2013.
28. G. A. Calin, C. D. Dumitru, M. Shimizu et al., "Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro-RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 99, no. 24, pp. 15524-15529, 2002.
29. H. Tagawa and M. Seto, "A microRNA cluster as a target of genomic amplification in malignant lymphoma," Leukemia, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 2013-2016, 2005.
30. J. T. Huse, C. Brennan, D. Hambardzumyan et al., "The PTEN-regulating microRNA miR-26a is amplified in high-grade glioma and facilitates gliomagenesis in vivo," Genes and Development, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 1327-1337, 2009.
31. J. Takamizawa, H. Konishi, K. Yanagisawa et al., "Reduced expression of the let-7 microRNAs in human lung cancers in association with shortened postoperative survival," Cancer Research, vol. 64, no. 11, pp. 3753-3756, 2004.
32. C. Mayr, M. T. Hemann, and D. P. Bartel, "Disrupting the pairing between let-7 and Hmga2 enhances oncogenic transformation," Science, vol. 315, no. 5818, pp. 1576-1579, 2007.
33. L. J. Chin, E. Ratner, S. Leng et al., "A SNP in a let-7 microRNA complementary site in the KRAS 3′ untranslated region increases non-small cell lung cancer risk," Cancer Research, vol. 68, no. 20, pp. 8535-8540, 2008.
34. S. Jiang, H. Zhang, M. Lu et al., "MicroRNA-155 functions as an oncomiR in breast cancer by targeting the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 gene," Cancer Research, vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 3119-3127, 2010.
35. L. Han, P. D. Witmer, E. Casey, D. Valle, and S. Sukumar, "DNA methylation regulates microRNA expression," Cancer Biology & Therapy, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 1284-1288, 2007.
36. Y. Saito and P. A. Jones, "Epigenetic activation of tumor suppressor microRNAs in human cancer cells," Cell Cycle, vol. 5, no. 19, pp. 2220-2222, 2006.
37. Y. Saito, G. Liang, G. Egger et al., "Specific activation of microRNA-127 with downregulation of the proto-oncogene BCL6 by chromatin-modifying drugs in human cancer cells," Cancer Cell, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 435-443, 2006.
38. U. Lehmann, B. Hasemeier, M. Christgen et al., "Epigenetic inactivation of microRNA gene hsa-mir-9-1 in human breast cancer," Journal of Pathology, vol. 214, no. 1, pp. 17-24, 2008.
39. T. Chang, E. A. Wentzel, O. A. Kent et al., "Transactivation of miR-34a by p53 Broadly Influences Gene Expression and Promotes Apoptosis," Molecular Cell, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 745-752, 2007.
40. L. He, X. He, S. W. Lowe, and G. J. Hannon, "microRNAs join the p53 network - another piece in the tumour-suppression puzzle," Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 819-822, 2007.
41. P. Landgraf, M. Rusu, R. Sheridan et al., "A mammalian microRNA expression atlas based on small RNA library sequencing," Cell, vol. 129, no. 7, pp. 1401-1414, 2007.
42. M. E. Hatley, D. M. Patrick, M. R. Garcia et al., "Modulation of K-Ras-dependent lung tumorigenesis by MicroRNA-21," Cancer Cell, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 282-293, 2010.
43. T. Huang, F. Wu, G. B. Loeb et al., "Up-regulation of miR-21 by HER2/neu signaling promotes cell invasion," Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 284, no. 27, pp. 18515-18524, 2009.
44. K. A. O'Donnell, E. A. Wentzel, K. I. Zeller, C. V. Dang, and J. T. Mendell, "c-Myc-regulated microRNAs modulate E2F1 expression," Nature, vol. 435, no. 7043, pp. 839-843, 2005.
45. L. He, J. M. Thomson, M. T. Hemann et al., "A microRNA polycistron as a potential human oncogene," Nature, vol. 435, no. 7043, pp. 828-833, 2005.
46. J. Folkman, "Fundamental concepts of the angiogenic process," Current Molecular Medicine, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 643-651, 2003.
47. T. Veikkola, M. Karkkainen, L. Claesson-Welsh, and K. Alitalo, "Regulation of angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor receptors," Cancer Research, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 203-212, 2000.
48. B. R. Zetter, "Angiogenesis and tumor metastasis," Annual Review of Medicine, vol. 49, pp. 407-424, 1998.
49. R. Roskoski Jr., "Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in tumor progression," Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 179-213, 2007.
50. M. K. Gupta and R. Y. Qin, "Mechanism and its regulation of tumor-induced angiogenesis," World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1144-1155, 2003.
51. G. Bergers and L. E. Benjamin, "Tumorigenesis and the angiogenic switch," Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 401-410, 2003.
52. M. Papetti and I. M. Herman, "Mechanisms of normal and tumor-derived angiogenesis," The American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology, vol. 282, no. 5, pp. C947-C970, 2002.
53. P. Carmeliet, "Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine," Nature, vol. 438, no. 7070, pp. 932-936, 2005.
54. M. Katoh, "Therapeutics targeting angiogenesis: genetics and epigenetics, extracellular miRNAs and signaling networks (Review)," International Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 763-767, 2013.
55. J. Welti, S. Loges, S. Dimmeler, and P. Carmeliet, "Recent molecular discoveries in angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapies in cancer," Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 123, no. 8, pp. 3190-3200, 2013.
56. E. Bernstein, S. Y. Kim, M. A. Carmell et al., "Dicer is essential for mouse development," Nature Genetics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 215-217, 2003.
57. E. Wienholds, M. J. Koudijs, F. J. M. Van Eeden, E. Cuppen, and R. H. A. Plasterk, "The microRNA-producing enzyme Dicer1 is essential for zebrafish development," Nature Genetics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 217-218, 2003.
58. W. J. Yang, D. D. Yang, S. Na, G. E. Sandusky, Q. Zhang, and G. Zhao, "Dicer is required for embryonic angiogenesis during mouse development," The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 280, no. 10, pp. 9330-9335, 2005.
59. A. J. Giraldez, R. M. Cinalli, M. E. Glasner et al., "MicroRNAs regulate brain morphogenesis in zebrafish," Science, vol. 308, no. 5723, pp. 833-838, 2005.
60. A. Kuehbacher, C. Urbich, A. M. Zeiher, and S. Dimmeler, "Role of Dicer and Drosha for endothelial microRNA expression and angiogenesis," Circulation Research, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 59-68, 2007.
61. Y. Suárez, C. Fernández-Hernando, J. S. Pober, and W. C. Sessa, "Dicer dependent microRNAs regulate gene expression and functions in human endothelial cells," Circulation Research, vol. 100, no. 8, pp. 1164-1173, 2007.
62. J. G. Ruby, C. H. Jan, and D. P. Bartel, "Intronic microRNA precursors that bypass Drosha processing," Nature, vol. 448, no. 7149, pp. 83-86, 2007.
63. P. N. Plummer, R. Freeman, R. J. Taft et al., "MicroRNAs regulate tumor angiogenesis modulated by endothelial progenitor cells," Cancer Research, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 341-352, 2013.
64. J. E. Fish, M. M. Santoro, S. U. Morton et al., "miR-126 regulates angiogenic signaling and vascular integrity," Developmental Cell, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 272-284, 2008.
65. L. H. Parker, M. Schmidt, S. Jin et al., "The endothelial-cell-derived secreted factor Egfl7 regulates vascular tube formation," Nature, vol. 428, no. 6984, pp. 754-758, 2004.
66. L. Campagnolo, A. Leahy, S. Chitnis et al., "EGFL7 is a chemoattractant for endothelial cells and is up-regulated in angiogenesis and arterial injury," The American Journal of Pathology, vol. 167, no. 1, pp. 275-284, 2005.
67. F. Soncin, V. Mattot, F. Lionneton et al., "VE-statin, an endothelial repressor of smooth muscle cell migration," EMBO Journal, vol. 22, no. 21, pp. 5700-5711, 2003.
68. S. Wang, A. B. Aurora, B. A. Johnson et al., "The endothelial-specific microRNA miR-126 governs vascular integrity and angiogenesis," Developmental Cell, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 261-271, 2008.
69. M. Lagos-Quintana, R. Rauhut, A. Yalcin, J. Meyer, W. Lendeckel, and T. Tuschl, "Identification of tissue-specific MicroRNAs from mouse," Current Biology, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 735-739, 2002.
70. E. Wienholds, W. P. Kloosterman, E. Miska et al., "MicroRNA expression in zebrafish embryonic development," Science, vol. 309, no. 5732, pp. 310-311, 2005.
71. F. Kuhnert, M. R. Mancuso, J. Hampton et al., "Attribution of vascular phenotypes of the murine Egf17 locus to the microRNA miR-126," Development, vol. 135, no. 24, pp. 3989-3993, 2008.
72. K. J. Png, N. Halberg, M. Yoshida, and S. F. Tavazoie, "A microRNA regulon that mediates endothelial recruitment and metastasis by cancer cells," Nature, vol. 481, no. 7380, pp. 190-196, 2012.
73. L. Poliseno, A. Tuccoli, L. Mariani et al., "MicroRNAs modulate the angiogenic properties of HUVECs," Blood, vol. 108, no. 9, pp. 3068-3071, 2006.
74. C. Le Sage, R. Nagel, D. A. Egan et al., "Regulation of the p27Kip1 tumor suppressor by miR-221 and miR-222 promotes cancer cell proliferation," The EMBO Journal, vol. 26, no. 15, pp. 3699-3708, 2007.
75. Y. Suárez and W. C. Sessa, "MicroRNAs as novel regulators of angiogenesis," Circulation Research, vol. 104, no. 4, pp. 442-454, 2009.
76. A. Papapetropoulos, G. García-Cardeña, J. A. Madri, and W. C. Sessa, "Nitric oxide production contributes to the angiogenic properties of vascular endothelial growth factor in human endothelial cells," Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 100, no. 12, pp. 3131-3139, 1997.
77. P. Dentelli, A. Rosso, F. Orso, C. Olgasi, D. Taverna, and M. F. Brizzi, "MicroRNA-222 controls neovascularization by regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A expression," Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 1562-1568, 2010.
78. S. Nicoli, C. Knyphausen, L. J. Zhu, A. Lakshmanan, and N. D. Lawson, "MiR-221 is required for endothelial tip cell behaviors during vascular development," Developmental Cell, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 418-429, 2012.
79. P. Pineau, S. Volinia, K. McJunkin et al., "miR-221 overexpression contributes to liver tumorigenesis," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 264-269, 2010.
80. L. Venturini, K. Battmer, M. Castoldi et al., "Expression of the miR-17-92 polycistron in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) CD34+ cells," Blood, vol. 109, no. 10, pp. 4399-4405, 2007.
81. J. T. Mendell, "miRiad roles for the miR-17-92 cluster in development and disease," Cell, vol. 133, no. 2, pp. 217-222, 2008.
82. A. Ota, H. Tagawa, S. Karnan et al., "Identification and characterization of a novel gene, C13orf25, as a target for 13q31-q32 amplification in malignant lymphoma," Cancer Research, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 3087-3095, 2004.
83. F. Kuhnert and C. J. Kuo, "miR-17-92 angiogenesis micromanagement," Blood, vol. 115, no. 23, pp. 4631-4633, 2010.
84. K. Tréguer, E. Heinrich, K. Ohtani, A. Bonauer, and S. Dimmeler, "Role of the microRNA-17-92 cluster in the endothelial differentiation of stem cells," Journal of Vascular Research, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 447-460, 2012.
85. M. Dews, A. Homayouni, D. Yu et al., "Augmentation of tumor angiogenesis by a Myc-activated microRNA cluster," Nature Genetics, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 1060-1065, 2006.
86. C. Doebele, A. Bonauer, A. Fischer et al., "Members of the microRNA-17-92 cluster exhibit a cell-intrinsic antiangiogenic function in endothelial cells," Blood, vol. 115, no. 23, pp. 4944-4950, 2010.
87. A. Bonauer, G. Carmona, M. Iwasaki et al., "MicroRNA-92a controls angiogenesis and functional recovery of ischemic tissues in Mice," Science, vol. 324, no. 5935, pp. 1710-1713, 2009.
88. R. Yin, R. Wang, L. Guo, W. Zhang, and Y. Lu, "MiR-17-3p inhibits angiogenesis by downregulating flk-1 in the cell growth signal pathway," Journal of Vascular Research, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 157-166, 2013.
89. A. van Mil, S. Grundmann, M. Goumans et al., "MicroRNA-214 inhibits angiogenesis by targeting Quaking and reducing angiogenic growth factor release," Cardiovascular Research, vol. 93, no. 4, pp. 655-665, 2012.
90. L. Fang, W. W. Du, W. Yang et al., "MiR-93 enhances angiogenesis and metastasis by targeting LATS2," Cell Cycle, vol. 11, no. 23, pp. 4352-4365, 2012.
91. X. Huang, Q.-T. Le, and A. J. Giaccia, "MiR-210 - micromanager of the hypoxia pathway," Trends in Molecular Medicine, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 230-237, 2010.
92. J. M. Brown and A. J. Giaccia, "The unique physiology of solid tumors: Opportunities (and problems) for cancer therapy," Cancer Research, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 1408-1416, 1998.
93. P. Carmeliet and R. K. Jain, "Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases," Nature, vol. 407, no. 6801, pp. 249-257, 2000.
94. Y. Liu, S. R. Cox, T. Morita, and S. Kourembanas, "Hypoxia regulates vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in endothelial cells: Identification of a 5′ enhancer," Circulation Research, vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 638-643, 1995.
95. D. Shweiki, A. Itin, D. Soffer, and E. Keshet, "Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by hypoxia may mediate hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis," Nature, vol. 359, no. 6398, pp. 843-845, 1992.
96. J. A. Foekens, A. M. Sieuwerts, M. Smid et al., "Four miRNAs associated with aggressiveness of lymph node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 105, no. 35, pp. 13021-13026, 2008.
97. P. Fasanaro, Y. D'Alessandra, V. Di Stefano et al., "MicroRNA-210 modulates endothelial cell response to hypoxia and inhibits the receptor tyrosine kinase ligand ephrin-A3," Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 283, no. 23, pp. 15878-15883, 2008.
98. Y. L. Lou, F. Guo, F. L. Liu et al., "MiR-210 activates notch signaling pathway in angiogenesis induced by cerebral ischemia," Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, vol. 370, no. 1-2, pp. 45-51, 2012.
99. N. Kosaka, H. Iguchi, K. Hagiwara, Y. Yoshioka, F. Takeshita, and T. Ochiya, "Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2)-dependent exosomal transfer of angiogenic micrornas regulate cancer cell metastasis," The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 288, no. 15, pp. 10849-10859, 2013.
100. A. S. Ho, X. Huang, H. Cao et al., "Circulating miR-210 as a novel hypoxia marker in pancreatic cancer," Translational Oncology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 109-113, 2010.
101. A. Zhao, G. Li, M. Péoc'h, C. Genin, and M. Gigante, "Serum miR-210 as a novel biomarker for molecular diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma," Experimental and Molecular Pathology, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 115-120, 2013.
102. S. Cascio, A. D'Andrea, R. Ferla et al., "miR-20b modulates VEGF expression by targeting HIF-1α and STAT3 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells," Journal of Cellular Physiology, vol. 224, no. 1, pp. 242-249, 2010.
103. Z. Lei, B. Li, Z. Yang et al., "Regulation of HIF-1α and VEGF by miR-20b tunes tumor cells to adapt to the alteration of oxygen concentration," PLoS ONE, vol. 4, no. 10, Article ID e7629, 2009.
104. L. Z. Liu, C. Li, Q. Chen et al., "Mir-21 induced angiogenesis through AKT and ERK activation and HIF-1α expression," PLoS ONE, vol. 6, no. 4, Article ID e19139, 2011.
105. C. Polytarchou, D. Iliopoulos, M. Hatziapostolou et al., "Akt2 regulates all Akt isoforms and promotes resistance to hypoxia through induction of miR-21 upon oxygen deprivation," Cancer Research, vol. 71, no. 13, pp. 4720-4731, 2011.
106. P. A. Gregory, A. G. Bert, E. L. Paterson et al., "The miR-200 family and miR-205 regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition by targeting ZEB1 and SIP1," Nature Cell Biology, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 593-601, 2008.
107. M. Korpal, E. S. Lee, G. Hu, and Y. Kang, "The miR-200 family inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer cell migration by direct targeting of E-cadherin transcriptional repressors ZEB1 and ZEB2," The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 283, no. 22, pp. 14910-14914, 2008.
108. S. Park, A. B. Gaur, E. Lengyel, and M. E. Peter, "The miR-200 family determines the epithelial phenotype of cancer cells by targeting the E-cadherin repressors ZEB1 and ZEB2," Genes and Development, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 894-907, 2008.
109. Y. C. Chan, S. Khanna, S. Roy, and C. K. Sen, "MiR-200b targets Ets-1 and is down-regulated by hypoxia to induce angiogenic response of endothelial cells," The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 286, no. 3, pp. 2047-2056, 2011.
110. L. Shi, S. Zhang, H. Wu et al., "MiR-200c increases the radiosensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer cell line A549 by targeting VEGF-VEGFR2 pathway," PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 10, Article ID e78344, 2013.
111. M. Yamakuchi, C. D. Lotterman, C. Bao et al., "P53-induced microRNA-107 inhibits HIF-1 and tumor angiogenesis," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 107, no. 14, pp. 6334-6339, 2010.
112. S. T. Cha, P. S. Chen, G. Johansson et al., "MicroRNA-519c suppresses hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression and tumor angiogenesis," Cancer Research, vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 2675-2685, 2010.
113. G. Ghosh, I. V. Subramanian, N. Adhikari et al., "Hypoxia-induced microRNA-424 expression in human endothelial cells regulates HIF-α isoforms and promotes angiogenesis," The Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 120, no. 11, pp. 4141-4154, 2010.
114. Z. Hua, Q. Lv, W. Ye et al., "Mirna-directed regulation of VEGF and other angiogenic under hypoxia," PLoS ONE, vol. 1, article e116, no. 1, 2006.
115. A. Cimmino, G. A. Calin, M. Fabbri et al., "miR-15 and miR-16 induce apoptosis by targeting BCL2," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 102, no. 39, pp. 13944-13949, 2005.
116. C. Y. Sun, X. M. She, Y. B. Qin et al., "miR-15a and miR-16 affect the angiogenesis of multiple myeloma by targeting VEGF," Carcinogenesis, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 426-435, 2013.
117. A. Chamorro-Jorganes, E. Araldi, L. O. F. Penalva, D. Sandhu, C. Fernández-Hernando, and Y. Suárez, "MicroRNA-16 and MicroRNA-424 regulate cell-autonomous angiogenic functions in endothelial cells via targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1," Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 2595-2606, 2011.
118. E. Dejean, M. H. Renalier, M. Foisseau et al., "Hypoxia-microRNA-16 downregulation induces VEGF expression in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphomas," Leukemia, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 1882-1890, 2011.
119. D. Y. Lee, Z. Deng, C. H. Wang, and B. B. Yang, "MicroRNA-378 promotes cell survival, tumor growth, and angiogenesis by targeting SuFu and Fus-1 expression," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 104, no. 51, pp. 20350-20355, 2007.
120. T. Würdinger, B. A. Tannous, O. Saydam et al., "miR-296 regulates growth factor receptor overexpression in angiogenic endothelial cells," Cancer Cell, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 382-393, 2008.
121. J. He, Y. Jing, W. Li et al., "Roles and Mechanism of miR-199a and miR-125b in Tumor Angiogenesis," PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 2, Article ID e56647, 2013.
122. A. Kanitz, J. Imig, P. J. Dziunycz et al., "The expression levels of microRNA-361-5p and its target VEGFA are inversely correlated in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma," PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 11, Article ID e49568, 2012.
123. D. Hassel, P. Cheng, M. P. White et al., "MicroRNA-10 regulates the angiogenic behavior of zebrafish and human endothelial cells by promoting vascular endothelial growth factor signaling," Circulation Research, vol. 111, no. 11, pp. 1421-1433, 2012.
124. C. Stahlhut, Y. Suárez, J. Lu, Y. Mishima, and A. J. Giraldez, "miR-1 and miR-206 regulate angiogenesis by modulating VegfA expression in zebrafish," Development, vol. 139, no. 23, pp. 4356-4364, 2012.
125. D. Tehler, N. M. Høyland-Kroghsbo, and A. H. Lund, "The miR-10 microRNA precursor family," RNA Biology, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 728-734, 2011.
126. A. H. Lund, "MiR-10 in development and cancer," Cell Death and Differentiation, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 209-214, 2010.
127. L. Ma, J. Teruya-Feldstein, and R. A. Weinberg, "Tumour invasion and metastasis initiated by microRNA-10b in breast cancer," Nature, vol. 449, no. 7163, pp. 682-688, 2007.
128. R. M. O'Connell, D. S. Rao, A. A. Chaudhuri, and D. Baltimore, "Physiological and pathological roles for microRNAs in the immune system," Nature Reviews Immunology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 111-122, 2010.
129. X. Shen, J. Fang, X. Lv et al., "Heparin impairs angiogenesis through inhibition of microRNA-10b," The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 286, no. 30, pp. 26616-26627, 2011.
130. B. Zhou, R. Ma, W. Si et al., "MicroRNA-503 targets FGF2 and VEGFA and inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth," Cancer Letters, vol. 333, no. 2, pp. 159-169, 2013.
131. Z.-M. Shi, J. Wang, Z. Yan et al., "MiR-128 inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis by targeting p70S6K1," PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 3, Article ID e32709, 2012.
132. Q. Xu, L. Liu, X. Qian et al., "MiR-145 directly targets p70S6K1 in cancer cells to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis," Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 761-774, 2012.
133. Y. Chen and D. H. Gorski, "Regulation of angiogenesis through a microRNA (miR-130a) that down-regulates antiangiogenic homeobox genes GAX and HOXA5," Blood, vol. 111, no. 3, pp. 1217-1226, 2008.
134. S. Anand, B. K. Majeti, L. M. Acevedo et al., "MicroRNA-132-mediated loss of p120RasGAP activates the endothelium to facilitate pathological angiogenesis," Nature Medicine, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 909-914, 2010.
135. Z. T. Chai, J. Kong, X. D. Zhu, Y. Y. Zhang, L. Lu, and J. M. Zhou, "MicroRNA-26a inhibits angiogenesis by down-regulating VEGFA through the PIK3C2alpha/Akt/HIF-1alpha pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma," PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 10, Article ID e77957, 2013.
136. X. Yang, X. F. Zhang, X. Lu et al., "MicroRNA-26a suppresses angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting hepatocyte growth factor-cMet pathway," Hepatology, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 1874-1885, 2014.
137. S. Anand, "A brief primer on microRNAs and their roles in angiogenesis," Vascular Cell, vol. 5, no. 1, article 2, 2013.
138. C. Esau, X. Kang, E. Peralta et al., "MicroRNA-143 regulates adipocyte differentiation," The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 279, no. 50, pp. 52361-52365, 2004.
139. J. Krützfeldt, N. Rajewsky, R. Braich et al., "Silencing of microRNAs in vivo with 'antagomirs'," Nature, vol. 438, no. 7068, pp. 685-689, 2005.
140. J. Krützfeldt, S. Kuwajima, R. Braich et al., "Specificity, duplex degradation and subcellular localization of antagomirs," Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 2885-2892, 2007.
141. J. Elmén, M. Lindow, A. Silahtaroglu et al., "Antagonism of microRNA-122 in mice by systemically administered LNA-antimiR leads to up-regulation of a large set of predicted target mRNAs in the liver," Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 1153-1162, 2008.
142. M. S. Ebert and P. A. Sharp, "MicroRNA sponges: progress and possibilities," RNA, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 2043-2050, 2010.
143. C. Esau, S. Davis, S. F. Murray et al., "miR-122 regulation of lipid metabolism revealed by in vivo antisense targeting," Cell Metabolism, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 87-98, 2006.
144. A. G. Bader, D. Brown, J. Stoudemire, and P. Lammers, "Developing therapeutic microRNAs for cancer," Gene Therapy, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1121-1126, 2011.
145. J. Ji, J. Shi, A. Budhu et al., "MicroRNA expression, survival, and response to interferon in liver cancer," The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 361, no. 15, pp. 1437-1447, 2009.
146. A. G. Bader, "MiR-34 - a microRNA replacement therapy is headed to the clinic," Frontiers in Genetics, vol. 3, article 120, 2012.