메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 1082-1096

Inflammatory bowel disease: Etiology, pathogenesis and current therapy

Author keywords

Adhesion molecules; Cytokines; Immunomodulation; Inflammatory bowel disease; Neutrophils; Pharmacotherapy; Reactive oxygen nitrogen metabolites

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PROBIOTIC AGENT;

EID: 84895092508     PISSN: 13816128     EISSN: 18734286     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990416     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (126)

References (233)
  • 1
    • 0036124472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease
    • Knigge KL. Inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Cornerstone 2002; 4: 49-60.
    • (2002) Clin Cornerstone , vol.4 , pp. 49-60
    • Knigge, K.L.1
  • 4
    • 0032980743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current theories on the cause of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Papadakis KA, Targan SR. Current theories on the cause of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin N Am 1999; 28: 283-96.
    • (1999) Gastroenterol Clin N Am , vol.28 , pp. 283-296
    • Papadakis, K.A.1    Targan, S.R.2
  • 5
    • 0036141470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical aspects and pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Hendrickson BA, Gokhale R, Cho JH. Clinical aspects and pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical Microbiol Rev 2002; 15: 79-94.
    • (2002) Clinical Microbiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 79-94
    • Hendrickson, B.A.1    Gokhale, R.2    Cho, J.H.3
  • 8
    • 0031781603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease: Etiology and pathogenesis
    • Fiocchi C. Inflammatory bowel disease: etiology and pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 1998; 115: 182-205.
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.115 , pp. 182-205
    • Fiocchi, C.1
  • 9
    • 66149152708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of Crohn's disease in Quebec, Canada
    • Lowe AM, Roy PO, B-Poilin M, et al. Epidemiology of Crohn's disease in Quebec, Canada. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15: 429-35.
    • (2009) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.15 , pp. 429-435
    • Lowe, A.M.1    Roy, P.O.2    B-Poilin, M.3
  • 10
    • 9944222738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of extraintestinal manifestations and other complications of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Loftus EV Jr. Management of extraintestinal manifestations and other complications of inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2004; 6(6): 506-13.
    • (2004) Curr Gastroenterol Rep , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 506-513
    • Loftus Jr., E.V.1
  • 11
    • 2442712941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of IBD during the twentieth century: An integrated view
    • Binder V. Epidemiology of IBD during the twentieth century: an integrated view. Best Practice Res Clin Gastroenterol 2004; 18(3): 463-79.
    • (2004) Best Practice Res Clin Gastroenterol , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 463-479
    • Binder, V.1
  • 12
    • 58149390157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An update on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia
    • Thia KT, Loftus EV Jr, Sandborn WJ, Yang S. An update on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 3167-82.
    • (2008) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.103 , pp. 3167-3182
    • Thia, K.T.1    Loftus Jr., E.V.2    Sandborn, W.J.3    Yang, S.4
  • 13
    • 0036866937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Su CY, Lichtenstein GR. Recent developments in inflammatory bowel disease. Med Clin N Am 2002; 86: 1497-523.
    • (2002) Med Clin N Am , vol.86 , pp. 1497-1523
    • Su, C.Y.1    Lichtenstein, G.R.2
  • 14
    • 0023713859 scopus 로고
    • Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in an unselected population of monozygotic and dizygotic twins: A study of heritability and the influence of smoking
    • Tysk C, Lindberg E, Jarnerot G, Floderus-Myrhed B. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in an unselected population of monozygotic and dizygotic twins: a study of heritability and the influence of smoking. Gut 1988; 29: 990-6.
    • (1988) Gut , vol.29 , pp. 990-996
    • Tysk, C.1    Lindberg, E.2    Jarnerot, G.3    Floderus-Myrhed, B.4
  • 15
    • 0037043658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease
    • Podolsky DK. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 417-29.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 417-429
    • Podolsky, D.K.1
  • 16
    • 0030007093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of genes of the histocompatibility complex to susceptibility and disease phenotype in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Satsangi J, Parkes M, Louis E, et al. Contribution of genes of the histocompatibility complex to susceptibility and disease phenotype in inflammatory bowel disease. Lancet 1996; 347: 1212-7.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 1212-1217
    • Satsangi, J.1    Parkes, M.2    Louis, E.3
  • 17
    • 13344259990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping of a susceptibility locus for Crohn's disease on chromosome 16
    • Hugot JP, Laurent-Puig P, Gower-Rousseau C, et al. Mapping of a susceptibility locus for Crohn's disease on chromosome 16. Nature 1996; 379: 821-3.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.379 , pp. 821-823
    • Hugot, J.P.1    Laurent-Puig, P.2    Gower-Rousseau, C.3
  • 18
    • 17144470134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of linkage between inflammatory bowel disease and selected loci on chromosomes 3,7,12, and 16
    • Rioux JD, Daly MJ, Green T, et al. Absence of linkage between inflammatory bowel disease and selected loci on chromosomes 3,7,12, and 16. Gastroenterology 1998; 115: 1062-5.
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.115 , pp. 1062-1065
    • Rioux, J.D.1    Daly, M.J.2    Green, T.3
  • 19
    • 16044373177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two stage genome-wide search in inflammatory bowel disease provides evidence for susceptibility loci on chromosomes 3, 7 and 12
    • Satsangi J, Parkes M, Louis E, et al. Two stage genome-wide search in inflammatory bowel disease provides evidence for susceptibility loci on chromosomes 3, 7 and 12. Nat Genet 1996; 14: 199-202.
    • (1996) Nat Genet , vol.14 , pp. 199-202
    • Satsangi, J.1    Parkes, M.2    Louis, E.3
  • 20
    • 0028986724 scopus 로고
    • HLA-DRB1*1502 allele, subtype of DR15, is associated with susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and its progression
    • Futami S, Aoyama N, Honsako Y, et al. HLA-DRB1*1502 allele, subtype of DR15, is associated with susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and its progression. Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40: 814-8.
    • (1995) Dig Dis Sci , vol.40 , pp. 814-818
    • Futami, S.1    Aoyama, N.2    Honsako, Y.3
  • 21
    • 0030912011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic marker may predict disease behavior in patients with ulcerative colitis
    • Roussomoustakaki M, Satsangi J, Welsh K, et al. Genetic marker may predict disease behavior in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 1997; 112: 1845-53.
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.112 , pp. 1845-1853
    • Roussomoustakaki, M.1    Satsangi, J.2    Welsh, K.3
  • 22
    • 0029913679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies with resistance to treatment of left-sided ulcerative colitis: Results of a pilot study
    • Sandborn WJ, Landers CJ, Tremaine WJ, Targan SR. Association of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies with resistance to treatment of left-sided ulcerative colitis: results of a pilot study. Mayo Clin Proc 1996; 71: 431-6.
    • (1996) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.71 , pp. 431-436
    • Sandborn, W.J.1    Landers, C.J.2    Tremaine, W.J.3    Targan, S.R.4
  • 23
    • 0033959944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High multidrug resistance (P-glycoprotein 170) expression in inflammatory bowel disease patients who fail medical therapy
    • Farrell RJ, Murphy A, Long A, et al. High multidrug resistance (P-glycoprotein 170) expression in inflammatory bowel disease patients who fail medical therapy. Gastroenterology 2000; 118: 279-88.
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.118 , pp. 279-288
    • Farrell, R.J.1    Murphy, A.2    Long, A.3
  • 24
    • 0033973568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical phenotype is related to HLA genotype in the peripheral arthropathies of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Orchard TR, Thiyagaraja S, Welsh KI, et al. Clinical phenotype is related to HLA genotype in the peripheral arthropathies of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2000; 118: 274-8.
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.118 , pp. 274-278
    • Orchard, T.R.1    Thiyagaraja, S.2    Welsh, K.I.3
  • 25
    • 79959216005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Khor B, Gardet A, Xavier R. Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2011; 474: 307-17.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.474 , pp. 307-317
    • Khor, B.1    Gardet, A.2    Xavier, R.3
  • 26
    • 34547176642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Xavier RJ, Podolsky DK. Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2007; 448: 427-34.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.448 , pp. 427-434
    • Xavier, R.J.1    Podolsky, D.K.2
  • 27
    • 79955566359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent insights into the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Cho JH, Brant SR. Recent insights into the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2011; 140: 1704-12.
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.140 , pp. 1704-1712
    • Cho, J.H.1    Brant, S.R.2
  • 28
    • 34848850085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Cho JH, Weaver CT. The genetics of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2007; 133: 1327-39.
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.133 , pp. 1327-1339
    • Cho, J.H.1    Weaver, C.T.2
  • 29
    • 84861328957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Ng SC, Tsoi KK, Kamm MA, et al. Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18(6): 1164-76.
    • (2012) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 1164-1176
    • Ng, S.C.1    Tsoi, K.K.2    Kamm, M.A.3
  • 30
    • 84872801655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of inflammatory bowel diseases: A comparison between Western and Eastern perspectives
    • [E-pub ahead of print; accepted on 27 Oct, 2012]
    • Cheon JH. Genetics of inflammatory bowel diseases: a comparison between Western and Eastern perspectives. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013 [E-pub ahead of print; accepted on 27 Oct, 2012]
    • (2013) J Gastroenterol Hepatol
    • Cheon, J.H.1
  • 31
    • 79955552936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between the host innate immune system and microbes in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Abraham C, Medzhitov R. Interactions between the host innate immune system and microbes in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2011; 140: 1729-37.
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.140 , pp. 1729-1737
    • Abraham, C.1    Medzhitov, R.2
  • 32
    • 0033773642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concordance of inflammatory bowel disease among Danish twins: Results of a nationwide study
    • Orholm M, Binder V, Sorensen TI, Rasmussen LP, Kyvik KO. Concordance of inflammatory bowel disease among Danish twins: results of a nationwide study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000; 35: 1075-81.
    • (2000) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.35 , pp. 1075-1081
    • Orholm, M.1    Binder, V.2    Sorensen, T.I.3    Rasmussen, L.P.4    Kyvik, K.O.5
  • 34
    • 0003124896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial factors in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and experimental intestinal inflammation
    • th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders 2000; pp.153-78.
    • (2000) Inflammatory Bowel Disease , pp. 153-178
    • Sartor, R.1
  • 35
    • 0000794053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental models of intestinal inflammation: New insights into mechanisms of mucosal homeostasis
    • nd ed. Academic Press: San Diego
    • nd ed. Academic Press: San Diego 1999; pp.1007-24.
    • (1999) Mucosal Immunology , pp. 1007-1024
    • Elson, C.O.1
  • 36
    • 0035082973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different subsets of enteric bacteria induce and perpetuate experimental colitis in rats and mice
    • Rath HC, Schultz M, Freitag R, et al. Different subsets of enteric bacteria induce and perpetuate experimental colitis in rats and mice. Infect Immunol 2001; 69: 2277-85.
    • (2001) Infect Immunol , vol.69 , pp. 2277-2285
    • Rath, H.C.1    Schultz, M.2    Freitag, R.3
  • 37
    • 0031758230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence of adherent Escherichia coli strains in ileal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease
    • Darfeuille-Michaud A, Neut C, Barnich N, et al. Presence of adherent Escherichia coli strains in ileal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 1998; 115: 1405-13.
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.115 , pp. 1405-1413
    • Darfeuille-Michaud, A.1    Neut, C.2    Barnich, N.3
  • 39
    • 0037783316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is nutrition an aetiological factor for inflammatory bowel disease?
    • Cashman KD, Shanahan F. Is nutrition an aetiological factor for inflammatory bowel disease? Eur J Gastroenterolo Hepatol 2003; 15: 607-13.
    • (2003) Eur J Gastroenterolo Hepatol , vol.15 , pp. 607-613
    • Cashman, K.D.1    Shanahan, F.2
  • 40
    • 0028944933 scopus 로고
    • Dietary habits as a risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease
    • Tragnone A, Valpiani D, Miglio F, et al. Dietary habits as a risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Gastroenterolo Hepatol 1995; 7: 47-51.
    • (1995) Eur J Gastroenterolo Hepatol , vol.7 , pp. 47-51
    • Tragnone, A.1    Valpiani, D.2    Miglio, F.3
  • 41
  • 42
    • 0018696349 scopus 로고
    • Diet and Crohn's disease: Characteristics of the preillness diet
    • Thornton JR, Emmet PM, Heaton KW. Diet and Crohn's disease: characteristics of the preillness diet. BMJ 1979; 2: 762-4.
    • (1979) BMJ , vol.2 , pp. 762-764
    • Thornton, J.R.1    Emmet, P.M.2    Heaton, K.W.3
  • 43
    • 0031847780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of inflammatory bowel disease attributable to smoking, oral contraception and breastfeeding in Italy: A nationwide case-control study-Cooperative investigators of the Italian Group for the study of the colon and the rectum (GISC)
    • Corrao G, Tragnone A, Caprilli R, et al. Risk of inflammatory bowel disease attributable to smoking, oral contraception and breastfeeding in Italy: a nationwide case-control study-Cooperative investigators of the Italian Group for the study of the colon and the rectum (GISC). Int J Epidemiol 1998; 27: 397-404.
    • (1998) Int J Epidemiol , vol.27 , pp. 397-404
    • Corrao, G.1    Tragnone, A.2    Caprilli, R.3
  • 46
    • 0037123829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delineation of the protective action of zinc sulfate on ulcerative colitis in rats
    • Luk HH, Ko JK, Fung HS, Cho CH. Delineation of the protective action of zinc sulfate on ulcerative colitis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 443: 197-204.
    • (2002) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.443 , pp. 197-204
    • Luk, H.H.1    Ko, J.K.2    Fung, H.S.3    Cho, C.H.4
  • 47
    • 0001213646 scopus 로고
    • Non-smoking: A feature of ulcerative colitis
    • Harries AD, Baird A, Rhodes J. Non-smoking: a feature of ulcerative colitis. Br Med J Clin Res Ed 1982; 284(6317): 706.
    • (1982) Br Med J Clin Res Ed , vol.284 , Issue.6317 , pp. 706
    • Harries, A.D.1    Baird, A.2    Rhodes, J.3
  • 49
    • 0023203418 scopus 로고
    • Smoking habits in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A case-control study
    • Benoni C, Nilsson A. Smoking habits in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A case-control study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1987; 22(9): 1130-6.
    • (1987) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.22 , Issue.9 , pp. 1130-1136
    • Benoni, C.1    Nilsson, A.2
  • 50
    • 0025748590 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for extensive ulcerative colitis and ulcerative proctitis: A population based case-control study
    • Samuelsson SM, Ekbom A, Zack M, Helmick CG, Adami HO. Risk factors for extensive ulcerative colitis and ulcerative proctitis: a population based case-control study. Gut 1991; 32(12): 1526-30.
    • (1991) Gut , vol.32 , Issue.12 , pp. 1526-1530
    • Samuelsson, S.M.1    Ekbom, A.2    Zack, M.3    Helmick, C.G.4    Adami, H.O.5
  • 51
    • 0020476863 scopus 로고
    • Non-smoking: A feature of ulcerative colitis
    • Roberts CJ, Diggle R. Non-smoking: a feature of ulcerative colitis. Br Med J 1982; 285: 440.
    • (1982) Br Med J , vol.285 , pp. 440
    • Roberts, C.J.1    Diggle, R.2
  • 52
    • 15644374610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transdermal nicotine for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Sandborn WJ, Tremaine WJ, Offord KP, et al. Transdermal nicotine for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1997; 126(5): 364-71.
    • (1997) Ann Intern Med , vol.126 , Issue.5 , pp. 364-371
    • Sandborn, W.J.1    Tremaine, W.J.2    Offord, K.P.3
  • 53
    • 0030863302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine enemas for active ulcerative colitis-a pilot study
    • Green JT, Thomas GA, Rhodes J, et al. Nicotine enemas for active ulcerative colitis-a pilot study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997; 11(5): 859-63.
    • (1997) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 859-863
    • Green, J.T.1    Thomas, G.A.2    Rhodes, J.3
  • 54
    • 0031747032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of ulcerative colitis after treatment with transdermal nicotine
    • Guslandi M, Tittobello A. Outcome of ulcerative colitis after treatment with transdermal nicotine. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 10(6): 513-5.
    • (1998) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 513-515
    • Guslandi, M.1    Tittobello, A.2
  • 55
    • 0029840616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine therapy for ulcerative colitis
    • Kennedy LD. Nicotine therapy for ulcerative colitis. Ann Pharmacother 1996; 30: 1022-3.
    • (1996) Ann Pharmacother , vol.30 , pp. 1022-1023
    • Kennedy, L.D.1
  • 56
    • 0020386025 scopus 로고
    • Reversible alterations in immunoregulatory T cells in smoking. Analysis by monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry
    • Miller LG, Goldstein G, Murphy M, Ginns LC. Reversible alterations in immunoregulatory T cells in smoking. Analysis by monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Chest 1982; 82(5): 526-529.
    • (1982) Chest , vol.82 , Issue.5 , pp. 526-529
    • Miller, L.G.1    Goldstein, G.2    Murphy, M.3    Ginns, L.C.4
  • 57
    • 0025837731 scopus 로고
    • Smoking, humoral immunity, and ulcerative colitis
    • Srivastava ED, Barton JR, O'Mahony S, et al. Smoking, humoral immunity, and ulcerative colitis. Gut 1991; 32(9): 1016-9.
    • (1991) Gut , vol.32 , Issue.9 , pp. 1016-1019
    • Srivastava, E.D.1    Barton, J.R.2    O'Mahony, S.3
  • 59
    • 0035032550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonic motility in chronic ulcerative proctosigmoiditis and the effects of nicotine on colonic motility in patients and healthy subjects
    • Coulie B, Camilleri M, Bharucha AE, Sandborn WJ, Burton D. Colonic motility in chronic ulcerative proctosigmoiditis and the effects of nicotine on colonic motility in patients and healthy subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15(5): 653-63.
    • (2001) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 653-663
    • Coulie, B.1    Camilleri, M.2    Bharucha, A.E.3    Sandborn, W.J.4    Burton, D.5
  • 60
    • 0033129981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of cigarette smoking on cytokine levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Sher ME, Bank S, Greenberg R, et al. The influence of cigarette smoking on cytokine levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 1999; 5(2): 73-8.
    • (1999) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-78
    • Sher, M.E.1    Bank, S.2    Greenberg, R.3
  • 61
    • 0031465785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: Role of the enteric microflora in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation and arthritis
    • Sartor RB. Review article: Role of the enteric microflora in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation and arthritis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997; 11(Suppl 3): 17-23.
    • (1997) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 17-23
    • Sartor, R.B.1
  • 62
    • 0033937341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commensal bacteria as targets in Crohn's disease
    • Elson CO. Commensal bacteria as targets in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 2000; 119: 254-7.
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.119 , pp. 254-257
    • Elson, C.O.1
  • 63
    • 0030666959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppressive role of B cells in chronic colitis of T cell receptor alpha mutant mice
    • Mizoguchi A, Mizoguchi E, Smith RN, Preffer FI, Bhan AK. Suppressive role of B cells in chronic colitis of T cell receptor alpha mutant mice. J Exp Med 1997; 186: 1749-56.
    • (1997) J Exp Med , vol.186 , pp. 1749-1756
    • Mizoguchi, A.1    Mizoguchi, E.2    Smith, R.N.3    Preffer, F.I.4    Bhan, A.K.5
  • 64
    • 0029832930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of appendix in the development of inflammatory bowel disease in TCR-alpha mutant mice
    • Mizoguchi A, Mizoguchi E, Chiba C, Bhan AK. Role of appendix in the development of inflammatory bowel disease in TCR-alpha mutant mice. J Exp Med 1996; 184: 707-15.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.184 , pp. 707-715
    • Mizoguchi, A.1    Mizoguchi, E.2    Chiba, C.3    Bhan, A.K.4
  • 65
    • 0030589626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen speciesmediated inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase
    • Tabatabai T, Potts JD, Floyd RA. Reactive oxygen speciesmediated inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1996; 336: 290-6.
    • (1996) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.336 , pp. 290-296
    • Tabatabai, T.1    Potts, J.D.2    Floyd, R.A.3
  • 66
    • 0027272186 scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease-a radical view
    • Simmonds NJ, Rampton DS. Inflammatory bowel disease-a radical view. Gut 1993; 34: 865-8.
    • (1993) Gut , vol.34 , pp. 865-868
    • Simmonds, N.J.1    Rampton, D.S.2
  • 67
    • 0026505884 scopus 로고
    • Anti-neutrophil antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease: Prevalence and diagnostic role
    • Cambridge G, Rampton DS, Stevens TR, McCarthy DA, Kamm M, Leaker B. Anti-neutrophil antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and diagnostic role. Gut 1992; 33: 668-74.
    • (1992) Gut , vol.33 , pp. 668-674
    • Cambridge, G.1    Rampton, D.S.2    Stevens, T.R.3    McCarthy, D.A.4    Kamm, M.5    Leaker, B.6
  • 68
    • 0027491324 scopus 로고
    • Free hydroxyl radicals are formed on reaction between neutrophil-derived species superoxide anion and hypochlorus acid
    • Candeias LP, Patel KB, Stratford MRI, et al. Free hydroxyl radicals are formed on reaction between neutrophil-derived species superoxide anion and hypochlorus acid. FEBS Lett 1993; 333: 151-3.
    • (1993) FEBS Lett , vol.333 , pp. 151-153
    • Candeias, L.P.1    Patel, K.B.2    Stratford, M.R.I.3
  • 69
    • 0002063061 scopus 로고
    • Pathology of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
    • Kirsner JB, Shorter RG (eds), Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger
    • Riddel RH. Pathology of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. In: Kirsner JB, Shorter RG (eds). Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger 1988; pp. 329-50.
    • (1988) Inflammatory Bowel Disease , pp. 329-350
    • Riddel, R.H.1
  • 70
    • 0023900998 scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil-mediated mucosal injury: Role of reactive oxygen metabolites
    • Grisham MB, Granger DN. Neutrophil-mediated mucosal injury: role of reactive oxygen metabolites. Dig Dis Sci 1988; 33: 6S-15S.
    • (1988) Dig Dis Sci , vol.33
    • Grisham, M.B.1    Granger, D.N.2
  • 71
    • 0027216604 scopus 로고
    • Increased production of luminal enhanced chemiluminescence by the inflamed colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis
    • Sedghi S, Fields JZ, Klamut M, et al. Increased production of luminal enhanced chemiluminescence by the inflamed colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut 1993; 34: 1191-7.
    • (1993) Gut , vol.34 , pp. 1191-1197
    • Sedghi, S.1    Fields, J.Z.2    Klamut, M.3
  • 72
    • 0028876665 scopus 로고
    • Alteration in rat peripheral blood neutrophil function as a consequence of colitis
    • Carter I, Wallace JL. Alteration in rat peripheral blood neutrophil function as a consequence of colitis. Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40: 192-7.
    • (1995) Dig Dis Sci , vol.40 , pp. 192-197
    • Carter, I.1    Wallace, J.L.2
  • 74
    • 0031842396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myeloperoxidase concentrations in the stool as a new parameter of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Saiki T. Myeloperoxidase concentrations in the stool as a new parameter of inflammatory bowel disease. Kurume Med J 1998; 45: 69-73.
    • (1998) Kurume Med J , vol.45 , pp. 69-73
    • Saiki, T.1
  • 75
    • 0027942255 scopus 로고
    • Elevated breath ethane levels in active ulcerative colitis: Evidence for excessive lipid peroxidation
    • Sedghi S, Klamut M, Keshavarzian A. Elevated breath ethane levels in active ulcerative colitis: evidence for excessive lipid peroxidation. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89: 2217-21.
    • (1994) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.89 , pp. 2217-2221
    • Sedghi, S.1    Klamut, M.2    Keshavarzian, A.3
  • 76
    • 0025321145 scopus 로고
    • Role of reactive oxygen metabolites in experimental colitis
    • Keshavarzian A, Morgan G, Sedghi S, Gordon JH, Doria M. Role of reactive oxygen metabolites in experimental colitis. Gut 1990; 31: 786-90.
    • (1990) Gut , vol.31 , pp. 786-790
    • Keshavarzian, A.1    Morgan, G.2    Sedghi, S.3    Gordon, J.H.4    Doria, M.5
  • 77
    • 0028864991 scopus 로고
    • A distinct array of proinflammatory cytokines in expressed in human colon epithelial cells in response to bacterial invasion
    • Jung HC, Eckmann L, Yang SK. A distinct array of proinflammatory cytokines in expressed in human colon epithelial cells in response to bacterial invasion. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 55-65.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.95 , pp. 55-65
    • Jung, H.C.1    Eckmann, L.2    Yang, S.K.3
  • 79
    • 0028898529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucosal imbalance of IL-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in inflammatory bowel disease: A novel mechanism of chronic intestinal inflammation
    • Casini-Raggi V, Kam L, Chong YJL, Fiocchi C, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F. Mucosal imbalance of IL-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in inflammatory bowel disease: a novel mechanism of chronic intestinal inflammation. J Immunol 1995; 154: 2434.
    • (2434) J Immunol , vol.1995 , pp. 154
    • Casini-Raggi, V.1    Kam, L.2    Chong, Y.J.L.3    Fiocchi, C.4    Pizarro, T.T.5    Cominelli, F.6
  • 80
    • 0000914693 scopus 로고
    • Balance between proand antiinflammatory cytokines in the colonic mucosa in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)
    • Andus T, Daig R, Lock G, et al. Balance between proand antiinflammatory cytokines in the colonic mucosa in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Gastroenterology 1995; 108: A770 (Abstract).
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , vol.108
    • Andus, T.1    Daig, R.2    Lock, G.3
  • 82
    • 0032993527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucosal proinflammatory cytokine production correlates with endoscopic activity of ulcerative colitis
    • Ishiguro Y. Mucosal proinflammatory cytokine production correlates with endoscopic activity of ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol 1999; 34: 66-74.
    • (1999) J Gastroenterol , vol.34 , pp. 66-74
    • Ishiguro, Y.1
  • 83
    • 0031914778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Rogler G, Andus T. Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Surg 1998; 22: 382-9.
    • (1998) World J Surg , vol.22 , pp. 382-389
    • Rogler, G.1    Andus, T.2
  • 84
    • 0036457057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease: New insights into pathogenesis and treatment
    • Ardizzone S, Porro GB. Inflammatory bowel disease: new insights into pathogenesis and treatment J Int Med 2002; 252: 475-96.
    • (2002) J Int Med , vol.252 , pp. 475-496
    • Ardizzone, S.1    Porro, G.B.2
  • 85
    • 0028069352 scopus 로고
    • Cytokines in interstinal inflammation: Pathophysiology and clinical considerations
    • Sartor RB. Cytokines in interstinal inflammation: pathophysiology and clinical considerations Gastroenterology 1994; 106: 533-9.
    • (1994) Gastroenterology , vol.106 , pp. 533-539
    • Sartor, R.B.1
  • 86
    • 0033874108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proinflammatory cytokines
    • Dinarello CA. Proinflammatory cytokines. Chest 2000; 118: 503-8.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , pp. 503-508
    • Dinarello, C.A.1
  • 87
    • 0030912011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic markers may predict disease behaviors in patients with ulcerative colitis
    • Roussomoustakaki M, Satsangi J, Welch K. Genetic markers may predict disease behaviors in patients with ulcerative colitis Gastroenterology 1997; 112: 1845-53.
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.112 , pp. 1845-1853
    • Roussomoustakaki, M.1    Satsangi, J.2    Welch, K.3
  • 89
    • 0034090602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory cytokines
    • Opal SM, DePalo VA. Anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chest 2000; 117: 1162-72.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , pp. 1162-1172
    • Opal, S.M.1    Depalo, V.A.2
  • 90
    • 0028907439 scopus 로고
    • Immunoregulatory role of interleukin-10 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Schreiber S, Heinig T, Thiele HG, Raedler A. Immunoregulatory role of interleukin-10 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastenterology 1995; 108: 1434-44.
    • (1995) Gastenterology , vol.108 , pp. 1434-1444
    • Schreiber, S.1    Heinig, T.2    Thiele, H.G.3    Raedler, A.4
  • 91
    • 0027451455 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL6, and IL-1 by isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells from patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
    • Raedler A. Enhanced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL6, and IL-1 by isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells from patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1993; 94: 174-81.
    • (1993) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.94 , pp. 174-181
    • Raedler, A.1
  • 92
    • 0031944393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-10 mediated suppression of TNF-production is independent of its ability to inhibit NF-B activity
    • Clarke CJP, Hales A, Hunt A. IL-10 mediated suppression of TNF-production is independent of its ability to inhibit NF-B activity. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28: 1719-26.
    • (1998) Eur J Immunol , vol.28 , pp. 1719-1726
    • Clarke, C.J.P.1    Hales, A.2    Hunt, A.3
  • 94
    • 0031240004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGF-: A critical modulator of immune cell function
    • Litterio JJ, Roberts AB. TGF-: a critical modulator of immune cell function. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997; 84: 244-50.
    • (1997) Clin Immunol Immunopathol , vol.84 , pp. 244-250
    • Litterio, J.J.1    Roberts, A.B.2
  • 95
    • 0038748229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of cell adhesion molecules in leukocyte recruitment in the liver and gut
    • Ala A, Dhillon AP, Hodgson HJ. Role of cell adhesion molecules in leukocyte recruitment in the liver and gut. International J Exp Pathol 2002; 84: 1-16.
    • (2002) International J Exp Pathol , vol.84 , pp. 1-16
    • Ala, A.1    Dhillon, A.P.2    Hodgson, H.J.3
  • 96
    • 0027982876 scopus 로고
    • Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte migration: The multistep paradigm
    • Springer TA. Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte migration: the multistep paradigm. Cell 1994; 76: 301-14.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.76 , pp. 301-314
    • Springer, T.A.1
  • 97
    • 0031006254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of cell adhesion molecules in inflammatory bowel diseases
    • Vainer B. Role of cell adhesion molecules in inflammatory bowel diseases. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997; 32: 401-10.
    • (1997) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.32 , pp. 401-410
    • Vainer, B.1
  • 98
    • 0030049722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying neutrophil adhesion to apical epithelial membranes
    • Meenan J, Mevissen M, Monajemi H, et al. Mechanisms underlying neutrophil adhesion to apical epithelial membranes. Gut 1996; 38: 201-5.
    • (1996) Gut , vol.38 , pp. 201-205
    • Meenan, J.1    Mevissen, M.2    Monajemi, H.3
  • 99
    • 0029764610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and polarization of intercellular adhesion molecules-1 on human intestinal epithelia: Consequences for CD11b/CD18-mediated interactions with neutrophils
    • Parkos CA, Colgan SP, Diamond MS, et al. Expression and polarization of intercellular adhesion molecules-1 on human intestinal epithelia: consequences for CD11b/CD18-mediated interactions with neutrophils. Mol Med 1996; 2: 489-505.
    • (1996) Mol Med , vol.2 , pp. 489-505
    • Parkos, C.A.1    Colgan, S.P.2    Diamond, M.S.3
  • 100
    • 0027464093 scopus 로고
    • Neutrophils migration across cultured intestinal epithelial monolayers is modulated by epithelial exposure to IFN-gamma in a highly polarized fashion
    • Colgan SP, Parkos CA, Delp C, Arnaout MA, Madara JL. Neutrophils migration across cultured intestinal epithelial monolayers is modulated by epithelial exposure to IFN-gamma in a highly polarized fashion. J Cell Biol 1993; 120: 785-9.
    • (1993) J Cell Biol , vol.120 , pp. 785-789
    • Colgan, S.P.1    Parkos, C.A.2    Delp, C.3    Arnaout, M.A.4    Madara, J.L.5
  • 101
    • 0033401437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of primary endothelial cell lines for studies of immune interactions
    • Lidington EA, Moyes DL, McCormack AM, Rose ML. A comparison of primary endothelial cell lines for studies of immune interactions. Transplant Immunol 1999; 7: 239-46.
    • (1999) Transplant Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 239-246
    • Lidington, E.A.1    Moyes, D.L.2    McCormack, A.M.3    Rose, M.L.4
  • 102
    • 0024364675 scopus 로고
    • GMP-140, a platelet alpha-granule membrane protein, is also synthesized by vascular endothelial cells and is localized in Weibel-Palade bodies
    • McEver RP, Beckstead JH, Moore KL, Marshall-Carlson L, Bainton DF. GMP-140, a platelet alpha-granule membrane protein, is also synthesized by vascular endothelial cells and is localized in Weibel-Palade bodies. J Clin Invest 1989; 84: 92-9.
    • (1989) J Clin Invest , vol.84 , pp. 92-99
    • McEver, R.P.1    Beckstead, J.H.2    Moore, K.L.3    Marshall-Carlson, L.4    Bainton, D.F.5
  • 103
    • 0025115232 scopus 로고
    • Rapid neutrophil adhesion to activated endothelium mediated by GMP-140
    • Geng JG, Bevilacqua MP, Moore KL. Rapid neutrophil adhesion to activated endothelium mediated by GMP-140. Nature 1990; 343: 757-60.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 757-760
    • Geng, J.G.1    Bevilacqua, M.P.2    Moore, K.L.3
  • 104
    • 0026025630 scopus 로고
    • Expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules by mucosal mononuclear phagocytes in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Malizia G, Calabrese A, Cottone M, et al. Expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules by mucosal mononuclear phagocytes in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 150-9.
    • (1991) Gastroenterology , vol.100 , pp. 150-159
    • Malizia, G.1    Calabrese, A.2    Cottone, M.3
  • 105
    • 0027424953 scopus 로고
    • Altered expression of cell adhesion molecules in uninvolved gut in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Schürmann GM, Aber-Bishop AE, Facer P, et al. Altered expression of cell adhesion molecules in uninvolved gut in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1993; 94: 341-7.
    • (1993) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.94 , pp. 341-347
    • Schürmann, G.M.1    Aber-Bishop, A.E.2    Facer, P.3
  • 106
    • 0027179524 scopus 로고
    • In situ expression of the cell adhesion molecules in inflammatory bowel disease: Evidence of immunologic activation of vascular endothelial cells
    • Nakamura S, Ohtani H, Watanabe Y, et al. In situ expression of the cell adhesion molecules in inflammatory bowel disease: evidence of immunologic activation of vascular endothelial cells. Lab Invest 1993; 69: 77-85.
    • (1993) Lab Invest , vol.69 , pp. 77-85
    • Nakamura, S.1    Ohtani, H.2    Watanabe, Y.3
  • 107
    • 0028934555 scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of cell adhesion molecule P-selectin in active inflammatory bowel disease
    • Schürmann GM, Bishop AE, Facer P, et al. Increased expression of cell adhesion molecule P-selectin in active inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1995; 36: 411-8.
    • (1995) Gut , vol.36 , pp. 411-418
    • Schürmann, G.M.1    Bishop, A.E.2    Facer, P.3
  • 108
    • 3042849757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal inflammation in adhesion molecule-deficient mice: An assessment of P-selectin alone and in combination with ICAM-1 or E-selectin
    • McCafferty DM, Smith CW, Granger DN, Kubes P. Intestinal inflammation in adhesion molecule-deficient mice: an assessment of P-selectin alone and in combination with ICAM-1 or E-selectin. J Leukoc Biol 1999; 66: 67-74.
    • (1999) J Leukoc Biol , vol.66 , pp. 67-74
    • McCafferty, D.M.1    Smith, C.W.2    Granger, D.N.3    Kubes, P.4
  • 109
    • 0035079218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential Role of Selectins in Experimental Colitis
    • Sans M, Salas A, Soriano A, et al. Differential Role of Selectins in Experimental Colitis. Gastroenterology 2001; 120: 1162-72.
    • (2001) Gastroenterology , vol.120 , pp. 1162-1172
    • Sans, M.1    Salas, A.2    Soriano, A.3
  • 110
    • 0029782122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased mucosal concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), sEselectin, and interleukin-8 in active ulcerative colitis
    • Nielson OH, Brynskov J, Vainer B. Increased mucosal concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), sEselectin, and interleukin-8 in active ulcerative colitis. Dig Dis Sci 1996; 41: 1780-5.
    • (1996) Dig Dis Sci , vol.41 , pp. 1780-1785
    • Nielson, O.H.1    Brynskov, J.2    Vainer, B.3
  • 112
    • 0027254763 scopus 로고
    • Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and MHC antigens on human intrahepatic bile duct cells: Effect of proinflammatory cytokines
    • Ayres RC, Neuberger JM, Shaw J, Joplin R, Adams DH. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and MHC antigens on human intrahepatic bile duct cells: effect of proinflammatory cytokines. Gut 1993; 34: 1245-9.
    • (1993) Gut , vol.34 , pp. 1245-1249
    • Ayres, R.C.1    Neuberger, J.M.2    Shaw, J.3    Joplin, R.4    Adams, D.H.5
  • 113
    • 0033838774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changed colonic profile of P-selectin, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecules-1 (PECAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), ICAM-2, and ICAM-3 in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Vainer B, Nielsen OH. Changed colonic profile of P-selectin, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecules-1 (PECAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), ICAM-2, and ICAM-3 in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 121: 242-7.
    • (2000) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.121 , pp. 242-247
    • Vainer, B.1    Nielsen, O.H.2
  • 114
    • 0025125351 scopus 로고
    • Adhesion of human B cells to germinal centres in vitro involves VLA-4 and INCAM-110
    • Freedman AS, Munro JM, Rice GE, et al. Adhesion of human B cells to germinal centres in vitro involves VLA-4 and INCAM-110. Science 1990; 249: 1030-3.
    • (1990) Science , vol.249 , pp. 1030-1033
    • Freedman, A.S.1    Munro, J.M.2    Rice, G.E.3
  • 115
    • 0025736324 scopus 로고
    • Immunolocalization of endothelial and leukocyte adhesion molecules in human rheumatoid and osteoarthritic synovial tissues
    • Koch AE, Burrows JC, Haines KG, et al. Immunolocalization of endothelial and leukocyte adhesion molecules in human rheumatoid and osteoarthritic synovial tissues. Lab Invest 1991; 64: 313.
    • (1991) Lab Invest , vol.64 , pp. 313
    • Koch, A.E.1    Burrows, J.C.2    Haines, K.G.3
  • 116
    • 0026082809 scopus 로고
    • Vascular and nonvascular expression of INCAM-110: A target for mononuclear leukocyte adhesion in normal and inflamed human tissues
    • Rice GE, Munro JM, Coreless C, Bevilacqua MP. Vascular and nonvascular expression of INCAM-110: a target for mononuclear leukocyte adhesion in normal and inflamed human tissues. Am J Pathol 1991; 138: 385-93.
    • (1991) Am J Pathol , vol.138 , pp. 385-393
    • Rice, G.E.1    Munro, J.M.2    Coreless, C.3    Bevilacqua, M.P.4
  • 118
    • 0028321412 scopus 로고
    • Expression and function of the MAdCAM-1 receptor integrin 4 7 on human leukocytes
    • Erle DJ, Briskin MJ, Butcher E. Expression and function of the MAdCAM-1 receptor integrin 4 7 on human leukocytes. J Immunol 1994; 153: 517-28.
    • (1994) J Immunol , vol.153 , pp. 517-528
    • Erle, D.J.1    Briskin, M.J.2    Butcher, E.3
  • 119
    • 0030802049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 is preferentially expressed in intestinal tract and associated lymphoid tissue
    • Briskin M, Winsor-Hines D, Shyjan A, et al. Human mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 is preferentially expressed in intestinal tract and associated lymphoid tissue. Am J Pathol 1997; 151: 97-110.
    • (1997) Am J Pathol , vol.151 , pp. 97-110
    • Briskin, M.1    Winsor-Hines, D.2    Shyjan, A.3
  • 120
    • 0029025476 scopus 로고
    • Adhesion molecules in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Jones SC, Banks RE, Haidar A, et al. Adhesion molecules in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1995; 36: 724-30.
    • (1995) Gut , vol.36 , pp. 724-730
    • Jones, S.C.1    Banks, R.E.2    Haidar, A.3
  • 121
  • 122
    • 84889131834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta 2 integrins inhibit ICAM-1 induced neutrophil locomotion in ulcerative colitis
    • Nielsen OH, Vainer B. Beta 2 integrins inhibit ICAM-1 induced neutrophil locomotion in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2000; 118(Suppl 12): 1879.
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.118 , Issue.SUPPL. 12 , pp. 1879
    • Nielsen, O.H.1    Vainer, B.2
  • 123
    • 0036909108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: Oxidative stress as a pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease-radicals or ridiculous?
    • Kruidenier L, Verspaget HW. Review article: oxidative stress as a pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease-radicals or ridiculous? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 1997-2015.
    • (2002) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.16 , pp. 1997-2015
    • Kruidenier, L.1    Verspaget, H.W.2
  • 124
    • 0024602827 scopus 로고
    • Tissue destruction by neutrophils
    • Weiss SJ. Tissue destruction by neutrophils. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 365-76.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 365-376
    • Weiss, S.J.1
  • 125
    • 0028574149 scopus 로고
    • A re-evaluation of the tissue distribution and physiology of xanthine oxidoreductase
    • Kooij A. A re-evaluation of the tissue distribution and physiology of xanthine oxidoreductase. Histochem J 1994; 26: 889-915.
    • (1994) Histochem J , vol.26 , pp. 889-915
    • Kooij, A.1
  • 126
    • 0024421957 scopus 로고
    • Mediator induced activation of xanthine oxidase in endothelial cells
    • Freidl HP, Till GO, Ryan US, Ward PA. Mediator induced activation of xanthine oxidase in endothelial cells. FASEB J 1989; 3: 2512-8.
    • (1989) FASEB J , vol.3 , pp. 2512-2518
    • Freidl, H.P.1    Till, G.O.2    Ryan, U.S.3    Ward, P.A.4
  • 127
    • 0027272186 scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease-a radical view
    • Simmonds NJ, Rampton DS. Inflammatory bowel disease-a radical view. Gut 1993; 34: 865-8.
    • (1993) Gut , vol.34 , pp. 865-868
    • Simmonds, N.J.1    Rampton, D.S.2
  • 128
    • 0016414065 scopus 로고
    • collagenase activity in rectal and colonic biopsies
    • Sturzaker HG, Hawley PR. collagenase activity in rectal and colonic biopsies. Proc R Soc Med 1975; 68: 33.
    • (1975) Proc R Soc Med , vol.68 , pp. 33
    • Sturzaker, H.G.1    Hawley, P.R.2
  • 129
    • 0025189864 scopus 로고
    • Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: Implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide
    • Beckman JS, Beckman TW, Chen J, Marshall PA, Freeman BA. Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 1620-4.
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.87 , pp. 1620-1624
    • Beckman, J.S.1    Beckman, T.W.2    Chen, J.3    Marshall, P.A.4    Freeman, B.A.5
  • 130
    • 0019959404 scopus 로고
    • The release of elastase, myeloperoxidase, and lysozme from human alveolar macrophages
    • Cohen AB, Chenoweth DE, Hugli TE. The release of elastase, myeloperoxidase, and lysozme from human alveolar macrophages. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982; 126: 241-7.
    • (1982) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.126 , pp. 241-247
    • Cohen, A.B.1    Chenoweth, D.E.2    Hugli, T.E.3
  • 131
    • 0033021407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myeloperoxidase gene expression and regulation by myeloid growth factors in normal and leukemic cells
    • Tsuruta T, Tani K, Hoshika A, et al. Myeloperoxidase gene expression and regulation by myeloid growth factors in normal and leukemic cells. Leuko Lymphoma 1999; 32: 257-67.
    • (1999) Leuko Lymphoma , vol.32 , pp. 257-267
    • Tsuruta, T.1    Tani, K.2    Hoshika, A.3
  • 132
    • 0025832533 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen free radical injury of IEC-18 small intestinal epithelial cell monolayers
    • Ma TY, Hollander D, Freeman D, et al. Oxygen free radical injury of IEC-18 small intestinal epithelial cell monolayers. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 1533-43.
    • (1991) Gastroenterology , vol.100 , pp. 1533-1543
    • Ma, T.Y.1    Hollander, D.2    Freeman, D.3
  • 133
    • 0030210778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hydroxyl radical: From chemistry to human disease
    • Lubec G. The hydroxyl radical: from chemistry to human disease. J Invest Med 1996; 44: 324-46.
    • (1996) J Invest Med , vol.44 , pp. 324-346
    • Lubec, G.1
  • 134
    • 0034648298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Haber-Weiss reaction and mechanisms of toxicity
    • Kehrer JP. The Haber-Weiss reaction and mechanisms of toxicity. Toxicology 2000; 149: 43-50.
    • (2000) Toxicology , vol.149 , pp. 43-50
    • Kehrer, J.P.1
  • 135
    • 0027491324 scopus 로고
    • Free hydroxyl radicals are formed on reaction between neutrophil-derived species superoxide anion and hypochlorus acid
    • Candeias LP, Patel KB, Stratford MRI, et al. Free hydroxyl radicals are formed on reaction between neutrophil-derived species superoxide anion and hypochlorus acid. FEBS Lett 1993; 333: 151-3.
    • (1993) FEBS Lett , vol.333 , pp. 151-153
    • Candeias, L.P.1    Patel, K.B.2    Stratford, M.R.I.3
  • 136
    • 0030589626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen speciesmediated inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase
    • Tabatabai T, Potts JD, Floyd RA. Reactive oxygen speciesmediated inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1996; 336: 290-6.
    • (1996) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.336 , pp. 290-296
    • Tabatabai, T.1    Potts, J.D.2    Floyd, R.A.3
  • 137
    • 0029824431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidants in human health and disease
    • Halliwell B. Antioxidants in human health and disease. Ann Rev Nutr 1996; 16: 33-50.
    • (1996) Ann Rev Nutr , vol.16 , pp. 33-50
    • Halliwell, B.1
  • 138
    • 0033565994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen and nitrogen are pro-carcinogens. Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen, chlorine and nitrogen species: Measurement, mechanism and the effects of nutrition
    • Halliwell B. Oxygen and nitrogen are pro-carcinogens. Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen, chlorine and nitrogen species: measurement, mechanism and the effects of nutrition. Mutat Res 1999; 443: 37-52.
    • (1999) Mutat Res , vol.443 , pp. 37-52
    • Halliwell, B.1
  • 140
    • 0027272186 scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease-a radical view
    • Simmonds NJ, Rampton DS. Inflammatory bowel disease-a radical view. Gut 1993; 34: 865-8.
    • (1993) Gut , vol.34 , pp. 865-868
    • Simmonds, N.J.1    Rampton, D.S.2
  • 141
    • 0028792111 scopus 로고
    • Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage
    • Gutteridge JMC. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage. Clin Chem 1995; 41: 1819-28.
    • (1995) Clin Chem , vol.41 , pp. 1819-1828
    • Gutteridge, J.M.C.1
  • 142
    • 0023900998 scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil-mediated mucosal injury: Role of reactive oxygen metabolites
    • Grisham MB, Granger DN. Neutrophil-mediated mucosal injury: role of reactive oxygen metabolites. Dig Dis Sci 1988; 33: 6S-15S.
    • (1988) Dig Dis Sci , vol.33
    • Grisham, M.B.1    Granger, D.N.2
  • 143
    • 0030615201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear factorB-a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases
    • Barners PJ, Karin M. Nuclear factorB-a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1066-71.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 1066-1071
    • Barners, P.J.1    Karin, M.2
  • 144
    • 0032889677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redox regulation of cellular signaling
    • Kamata H, Hirata H. Redox regulation of cellular signaling. Cell Signal 1999; 11: 1-14.
    • (1999) Cell Signal , vol.11 , pp. 1-14
    • Kamata, H.1    Hirata, H.2
  • 145
    • 0028804235 scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites as mediators of secretory diarrhea
    • Gaginella TS, Kachur JF, Tamai H, Keshavarzian A. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites as mediators of secretory diarrhea. Gastroenterology 1995; 109: 2019-28.
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , vol.109 , pp. 2019-2028
    • Gaginella, T.S.1    Kachur, J.F.2    Tamai, H.3    Keshavarzian, A.4
  • 146
    • 0031038034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage and transforming growth factor beta 1 in pretumoral and tumoral lesions of human intestine
    • Chiarpotto E, Scavazza A, Leonarduzzi G, et al. Oxidative damage and transforming growth factor beta 1 in pretumoral and tumoral lesions of human intestine. Free Rad Biol Med 1997; 22: 889-94.
    • (1997) Free Rad Biol Med , vol.22 , pp. 889-894
    • Chiarpotto, E.1    Scavazza, A.2    Leonarduzzi, G.3
  • 147
    • 0030998362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the lipid peroxidation product 4hydroxy-2-nonenal in clinical samples by gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry of the Opentafluorobenzyl oxime
    • Selley ML. Determination of the lipid peroxidation product 4hydroxy-2-nonenal in clinical samples by gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry of the Opentafluorobenzyl oxime. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1997; 691: 263-8.
    • (1997) J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl , vol.691 , pp. 263-268
    • Selley, M.L.1
  • 148
    • 0033565994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen and nitrogen are pro-carcinogens. Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen, chlorine and nitrogen species: Measurement, mechanism and the effects of nutrition
    • Halliwell B. Oxygen and nitrogen are pro-carcinogens. Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen, chlorine and nitrogen species: measurement, mechanism and the effects of nutrition. Mutat Res 1999; 443: 37-52.
    • (1999) Mutat Res , vol.443 , pp. 37-52
    • Halliwell, B.1
  • 150
    • 0001421693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutathione depletion in fibroblasts is the basis for apoptosis-induction by endogenous oxygen species
    • Zucker B, Hanusch J, Bauer G. Glutathione depletion in fibroblasts is the basis for apoptosis-induction by endogenous oxygen species. Cell death Diff 1997; 4: 388-95.
    • (1997) Cell Death Diff , vol.4 , pp. 388-395
    • Zucker, B.1    Hanusch, J.2    Bauer, G.3
  • 151
    • 0031763795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutathione modulates rat and mouse hepatocyte sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor toxicity
    • Xu Y, Jones BE, Neufeld DS, et al. Glutathione modulates rat and mouse hepatocyte sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor toxicity. Gastroenterology 1998; 115: 1229-37.
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.115 , pp. 1229-1237
    • Xu, Y.1    Jones, B.E.2    Neufeld, D.S.3
  • 153
    • 0023845318 scopus 로고
    • Glutathione modulates toxic oxygen metabolite injury of canine chief cell monolayers in primary culture
    • Olson CE. Glutathione modulates toxic oxygen metabolite injury of canine chief cell monolayers in primary culture. Am J Physiol 1988; 254: G49-56.
    • (1988) Am J Physiol , vol.254
    • Olson, C.E.1
  • 154
    • 0036909108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: Oxidative stress as a pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease-radicals or ridiculous?
    • Kruidenier L, Verspaget HW. Review article: oxidative stress as a pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease-radicals or ridiculous? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 1997-2015.
    • (2002) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.16 , pp. 1997-2015
    • Kruidenier, L.1    Verspaget, H.W.2
  • 155
    • 0027382474 scopus 로고
    • Role of reactive oxygen metabolites in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Grisham MB. Role of reactive oxygen metabolites in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 1993; 9: 971-80.
    • (1993) Curr Opin Gastroenterol , vol.9 , pp. 971-980
    • Grisham, M.B.1
  • 156
    • 10344264959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defenses in mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Lih-Brody L, Powell SR, Collier KP, et al. Increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defenses in mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci 1996; 41: 2078-86.
    • (1996) Dig Dis Sci , vol.41 , pp. 2078-2086
    • Lih-Brody, L.1    Powell, S.R.2    Collier, K.P.3
  • 157
    • 0029681588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct evidence of oxidative damage in acute and chronic phases of experimental colitis in rats
    • Loguercio C, Argenio GD, Cave MD, et al. Direct evidence of oxidative damage in acute and chronic phases of experimental colitis in rats. Dig Dis Sci 1996; 41: 1204-11.
    • (1996) Dig Dis Sci , vol.41 , pp. 1204-1211
    • Loguercio, C.1    Argenio, G.D.2    Cave, M.D.3
  • 158
    • 0012169597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential mucosal expression of three superoxide dismutase isoforms in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Kruidenier L, Kuiper G, Van Duijn W, et al. Differential mucosal expression of three superoxide dismutase isoforms in inflammatory bowel disease. J Pathol 2003; 201(1): 7-16.
    • (2003) J Pathol , vol.201 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-16
    • Kruidenier, L.1    Kuiper, G.2    van Duijn, W.3
  • 159
    • 0141563440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imbalanced secondary mucosal antioxidant response in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Kruidenier L, Kuiper G, Van Duijn W, et al. (2003b) Imbalanced secondary mucosal antioxidant response in inflammatory bowel disease. J Patho 2003; 201(1):17-27.
    • (2003) J Patho , vol.201 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-27
    • Kruidenier, L.1    Kuiper, G.2    van Duijn, W.3
  • 160
    • 0028883592 scopus 로고
    • Depleted mucosal antioxidant defences in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Buffinton GD, Doe WF. Depleted mucosal antioxidant defences in inflammatory bowel disease. Free Radical Biol Med 1995; 19: 911-8.
    • (1995) Free Radical Biol Med , vol.19 , pp. 911-918
    • Buffinton, G.D.1    Doe, W.F.2
  • 162
    • 14444278962 scopus 로고
    • Altered plasma and mucosal concentrations of trace elements and antioxidants in active ulcerative colitis
    • Sturniolo GC, Mestriner C, Lecis PE, et al. Altered plasma and mucosal concentrations of trace elements and antioxidants in active ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988; 33: 644-9.
    • (1988) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.33 , pp. 644-649
    • Sturniolo, G.C.1    Mestriner, C.2    Lecis, P.E.3
  • 163
    • 0027752805 scopus 로고
    • The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway
    • Moncada S, Higgs A. The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 2002-12.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 2002-2012
    • Moncada, S.1    Higgs, A.2
  • 165
    • 0029592781 scopus 로고
    • On the expression of nitric oxide synthase by human macrophages. Why no NO?
    • Albina JE. On the expression of nitric oxide synthase by human macrophages. Why no NO? J Leuko Biol 1995; 58: 643-9.
    • (1995) J Leuko Biol , vol.58 , pp. 643-649
    • Albina, J.E.1
  • 166
    • 0028092958 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide synthase: Roles, tolls, and controls
    • Nathan C, Xie QW. Nitric oxide synthase: roles, tolls, and controls. Cell 1994; 78: 915-8.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 915-918
    • Nathan, C.1    Xie, Q.W.2
  • 167
    • 0029805172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite: The good, the bad and the ugly
    • Beckman JS, Koppenol WH. Nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite: the good, the bad and the ugly. Am J Physiol 1996; 271: C1424-37.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.271
    • Beckman, J.S.1    Koppenol, W.H.2
  • 168
    • 0032910873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide. I. Phsiological chemistry of nitric oxide and its metabolites: Implications in inflammation
    • Grisham MB, Jourd'Heuil D, Wink DA. Nitric oxide. I. Phsiological chemistry of nitric oxide and its metabolites: implications in inflammation. Am J Physiol 1999; 276: G572-5.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.276
    • Grisham, M.B.1    Jourd'Heuil, D.2    Wink, D.A.3
  • 169
    • 0034253943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide and intestinal inflammation
    • Kubes P, McCafferty DM. Nitric oxide and intestinal inflammation. Am J Med 2000; 109: 150-8.
    • (2000) Am J Med , vol.109 , pp. 150-158
    • Kubes, P.1    McCafferty, D.M.2
  • 170
    • 0033087481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide. II. Nitric oxide protects in intestinal inflammation
    • Lefer AM, Lefer DJ. Nitric oxide. II. Nitric oxide protects in intestinal inflammation. Am J Physiol 1999; 276: G572-5.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.276
    • Lefer, A.M.1    Lefer, D.J.2
  • 171
    • 0031571757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+-independent permeabilization of the inner mitochrondrial membrane by peroxynitrite is mediated by membrane protein thiol cross-linking and lipid peroxidation
    • 2+-independent permeabilization of the inner mitochrondrial membrane by peroxynitrite is mediated by membrane protein thiol cross-linking and lipid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 345: 243-50.
    • (1997) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.345 , pp. 243-250
    • Gadelha, F.R.1    Thromson, L.2    Fagian, M.M.3
  • 172
    • 0026529043 scopus 로고
    • Peroxynitrite inhibits sodium uptake in rat colonic membrane vesicles
    • Bauer ML, Beckman JS, Bridges RJ, et al. Peroxynitrite inhibits sodium uptake in rat colonic membrane vesicles. Biochem Biophys Acta 1992; 1104: 87-94.
    • (1992) Biochem Biophys Acta , vol.1104 , pp. 87-94
    • Bauer, M.L.1    Beckman, J.S.2    Bridges, R.J.3
  • 173
    • 0030848512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxynitrite: A mediator of increased microvascular permeability?
    • Greenacre S, Ridger V, Wilsoncroft P, et al. Peroxynitrite: a mediator of increased microvascular permeability? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1997; 24: 880-2.
    • (1997) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.24 , pp. 880-882
    • Greenacre, S.1    Ridger, V.2    Wilsoncroft, P.3
  • 174
    • 0023001209 scopus 로고
    • Detectable colonic nitrite levels in inflammatory bowel disease-mucosal or bacterial malfunction?
    • Roediger WE, Lawson MJ, Nance SH, Radcliffe BC. Detectable colonic nitrite levels in inflammatory bowel disease-mucosal or bacterial malfunction? Digestion 1986; 35: 199-204.
    • (1986) Digestion , vol.35 , pp. 199-204
    • Roediger, W.E.1    Lawson, M.J.2    Nance, S.H.3    Radcliffe, B.C.4
  • 175
    • 0028998288 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced colonic nitric oxide generation and nitric oxide synthase activity in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
    • Rachmilewitz D, Stamler JS, Bachwich D, Karmeli F, Ackerman Z, Podolsky DK. Enhanced colonic nitric oxide generation and nitric oxide synthase activity in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Gut 1995; 36: 718-23.
    • (1995) Gut , vol.36 , pp. 718-723
    • Rachmilewitz, D.1    Stamler, J.S.2    Bachwich, D.3    Karmeli, F.4    Ackerman, Z.5    Podolsky, D.K.6
  • 176
    • 8244235129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in colonic mucosa of patients with active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
    • Kimura H, Miura S, Shigematsu T, et al. Increased nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in colonic mucosa of patients with active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci 1997; 42: 1047-54.
    • (1997) Dig Dis Sci , vol.42 , pp. 1047-1054
    • Kimura, H.1    Miura, S.2    Shigematsu, T.3
  • 177
    • 0029848602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of nitric oxide synthase in ulcerative colitis
    • Godkin AJ, De Belder AJ, Villa L, et al. Expression of nitric oxide synthase in ulcerative colitis. Eur J Clin Invest 1996; 26: 867-72.
    • (1996) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.26 , pp. 867-872
    • Godkin, A.J.1    de Belder, A.J.2    Villa, L.3
  • 178
    • 0030877084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase in ulcerative colitis
    • Ikeda I, Kasajima T, Ishiyama S, et al. Distribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase in ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92: 1339-41.
    • (1997) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.92 , pp. 1339-1341
    • Ikeda, I.1    Kasajima, T.2    Ishiyama, S.3
  • 179
    • 0031825162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide as a modulator of intestinal water and electrolyte transport
    • Izzo AA, Mascolo N, Capasso F. Nitric oxide as a modulator of intestinal water and electrolyte transport. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43: 1605-20.
    • (1998) Dig Dis Sci , vol.43 , pp. 1605-1620
    • Izzo, A.A.1    Mascolo, N.2    Capasso, F.3
  • 180
    • 0028804235 scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites as mediators of secretory diarrhea
    • Gaginella TS, Kachur JF, Tamai H, Keshavarzian A. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites as mediators of secretory diarrhea. Gastroenterology 1995; 109: 2019-28.
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , vol.109 , pp. 2019-2028
    • Gaginella, T.S.1    Kachur, J.F.2    Tamai, H.3    Keshavarzian, A.4
  • 181
    • 0032216803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • st century
    • st century. Eng J Surg 1998; S582: 90-8.
    • (1998) Eng J Surg , vol.S582 , pp. 90-98
    • Robinson, M.1
  • 182
    • 0027433763 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid therapy for immune-mediated disease: Basic and clinical correlates
    • Boumpas DT, Chrousos GP, Wilder RL, Cupps TR, Balow JE. Glucocorticoid therapy for immune-mediated disease: basic and clinical correlates. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 1198-1208.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.119 , pp. 1198-1208
    • Boumpas, D.T.1    Chrousos, G.P.2    Wilder, R.L.3    Cupps, T.R.4    Balow, J.E.5
  • 183
    • 0002037931 scopus 로고
    • Short and long term steroid side effects: The importance for patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Lindmard B. Short and long term steroid side effects: the importance for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Res Clin Forum 1993; 15: 35-41.
    • (1993) Res Clin Forum , vol.15 , pp. 35-41
    • Lindmard, B.1
  • 184
    • 0027416524 scopus 로고
    • Topical corticosteroids in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Mulder CJJ, Tytgat GNJ. Topical corticosteroids in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1993; 7: 125-130.
    • (1993) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.7 , pp. 125-130
    • Mulder, C.J.J.1    Tytgat, G.N.J.2
  • 185
    • 0031688477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Budesonide enema for the treatment of active, distal ulcerative colitis and proctitis: A doseranging study-US Budesonide enema study group
    • Hanauer SB, Robinson M, Pruitt R. Budesonide enema for the treatment of active, distal ulcerative colitis and proctitis: a doseranging study-US Budesonide enema study group Gastroenterology 1998; 115: 525-32.
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.115 , pp. 525-532
    • Hanauer, S.B.1    Robinson, M.2    Pruitt, R.3
  • 186
    • 9344230405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral budesonide versus prednisolone in patients with active extensive and left-sided ulcerative colitis
    • Lofberg R, Danielsson A, Suhr O. Oral budesonide versus prednisolone in patients with active extensive and left-sided ulcerative colitis Gastroenterology 1996; 110: 1713-8.
    • (1996) Gastroenterology , vol.110 , pp. 1713-1718
    • Lofberg, R.1    Danielsson, A.2    Suhr, O.3
  • 187
    • 0030000599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Therapy: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    • Hanauer SB. Drug Therapy: Inflammatory Bowel Disease. N Engl J Med 1996; 334(13): 841-8.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , Issue.13 , pp. 841-848
    • Hanauer, S.B.1
  • 188
    • 0031050776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American college of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committe
    • Kornbluth A, Sachar DB. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American college of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committe. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92(2): 204-11.
    • (1997) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.92 , Issue.2 , pp. 204-211
    • Kornbluth, A.1    Sachar, D.B.2
  • 189
    • 33745013901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis
    • Sutherland L, Roth D, Bech P, et al. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; (2): CD000544
    • (2000) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.2
    • Sutherland, L.1    Roth, D.2    Bech, P.3
  • 190
    • 0030920762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-Aminosalicylates, sulfasalazine, steroid use, and complications in patients with ulcerative colitis
    • Walker A.M., Szneke P, Bianchim LA, et al. 5-Aminosalicylates, sulfasalazine, steroid use, and complications in patients with ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92(5): 816-20.
    • (1997) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.92 , Issue.5 , pp. 816-820
    • Walker, A.M.1    Szneke, P.2    Bianchim, L.A.3
  • 191
    • 0025330168 scopus 로고
    • The therapeutic efficacy of 6mercaptopurine in refractory ulcerative colitis
    • Adler DJ, Korelitz BI. The therapeutic efficacy of 6mercaptopurine in refractory ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1990; 85(6): 717-22.
    • (1990) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.85 , Issue.6 , pp. 717-722
    • Adler, D.J.1    Korelitz, B.I.2
  • 192
    • 0031467050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine in steroidresistant and steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis
    • Ardizzone S, Molteni P, Imbesi V, et al. Azathioprine in steroidresistant and steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 1997; 25(1): 330-3.
    • (1997) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 330-333
    • Ardizzone, S.1    Molteni, P.2    Imbesi, V.3
  • 193
    • 0026693139 scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine withdrawal in ulcerative colitis
    • Hawthorne AB, Logan RF, Hawkey CJ, et al. Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine withdrawal in ulcerative colitis. BMJ 1992; 305(6844): 20-2.
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.305 , Issue.6844 , pp. 20-22
    • Hawthorne, A.B.1    Logan, R.F.2    Hawkey, C.J.3
  • 194
    • 0029923360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of immune modifier therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclosporine, and methotrexate
    • Sandborn WJ. A review of immune modifier therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclosporine, and methotrexate. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91: 423-33.
    • (1996) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.91 , pp. 423-433
    • Sandborn, W.J.1
  • 195
    • 0033795223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in inflammatory bowel disease patients on immunosuppressive therapy but overall risk is low
    • Farrell RJ, Ang Y, Kileen P. Increased incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in inflammatory bowel disease patients on immunosuppressive therapy but overall risk is low. Gut 2000; 47: 514-9.
    • (2000) Gut , vol.47 , pp. 514-519
    • Farrell, R.J.1    Ang, Y.2    Kileen, P.3
  • 196
    • 9844220857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shortand long-term efficacy of cyclosporin administration in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis: Belgian IBD Group
    • Van Gossum A, Schmit A, Adler M. Shortand long-term efficacy of cyclosporin administration in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis: Belgian IBD Group. Acta Gastroenterol Belgium 1997; 60: 197-200.
    • (1997) Acta Gastroenterol Belgium , vol.60 , pp. 197-200
    • van Gossum, A.1    Schmit, A.2    Adler, M.3
  • 198
    • 0031068167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin treatment for ulcerative colitis complicated by fatal Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
    • Quan VA, Saunders BP, Hicks BH, Sladen GE. Cyclosporin treatment for ulcerative colitis complicated by fatal Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. BMJ 1997; 314: 363-4.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.314 , pp. 363-364
    • Quan, V.A.1    Saunders, B.P.2    Hicks, B.H.3    Sladen, G.E.4
  • 199
    • 0033013272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous cyclosporin in ulcerative colitis: A five-year experience
    • Cohen RD, Stein R, Hanauer SB. Intravenous cyclosporin in ulcerative colitis: a five-year experience. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94(6): 1587-92.
    • (1999) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.94 , Issue.6 , pp. 1587-1592
    • Cohen, R.D.1    Stein, R.2    Hanauer, S.B.3
  • 200
    • 0031686472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shortand long-term outcome of patients treated with cyclosporin for severe acute ulcerative colitis
    • Stack WA, Long RG, Hawkey CJ. Shortand long-term outcome of patients treated with cyclosporin for severe acute ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998; 12(10): 973-8.
    • (1998) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.12 , Issue.10 , pp. 973-978
    • Stack, W.A.1    Long, R.G.2    Hawkey, C.J.3
  • 201
    • 0032453834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-threatening complications of IBD: How to handle fulminant colitis and toxic megacolon
    • Stein R.B., Hanauer SB. (1998) Life-threatening complications of IBD: how to handle fulminant colitis and toxic megacolon. J Crit Illness 13: 518.
    • (1998) J Crit Illness , vol.13 , pp. 518
    • Stein, R.B.1    Hanauer, S.B.2
  • 202
    • 84921430806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacotherapy for inducing and maintaining remission in pouchitis
    • Sandborn W., McLeod R, Jewell D. (2000) Pharmacotherapy for inducing and maintaining remission in pouchitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; (2):CD001176.
    • (2000) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.2
    • Sandborn, W.1    McLeod, R.2    Jewell, D.3
  • 203
    • 0031763109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment of ulcerative colitis with ciprofloxacin: A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Turunen UM, Farkkila MA, Hakala K. Long-term treatment of ulcerative colitis with ciprofloxacin: a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Gastroenterology 1998; 115: 1072-8.
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.115 , pp. 1072-1078
    • Turunen, U.M.1    Farkkila, M.A.2    Hakala, K.3
  • 204
    • 0033059934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riflaximin in patients with moderate or severe ulcerative colitis refractory to steroid-treatment: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Giouchette P, Rizzello F, Ferrieri A. Riflaximin in patients with moderate or severe ulcerative colitis refractory to steroid-treatment: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Dig Dis Sci 1999; 44: 1220-1.
    • (1999) Dig Dis Sci , vol.44 , pp. 1220-1221
    • Giouchette, P.1    Rizzello, F.2    Ferrieri, A.3
  • 206
    • 0034183435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics and inflammatory bowel disease: Is there a scientific rationale?
    • Shanahan F. Probiotics and inflammatory bowel disease: is there a scientific rationale? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2000; 6(2): 107-15.
    • (2000) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-115
    • Shanahan, F.1
  • 207
    • 0029995799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental granulomatous colitis in mice is abrogated by induction of TGF-beta-mediated oral tolerance
    • Neurath MF, Fuss I, Kelsall BL, Presky DH, Waegell W, Strober W. Experimental granulomatous colitis in mice is abrogated by induction of TGF-beta-mediated oral tolerance. J Exp Med 1996; 183(6): 2605-16.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.183 , Issue.6 , pp. 2605-2616
    • Neurath, M.F.1    Fuss, I.2    Kelsall, B.L.3    Presky, D.H.4    Waegell, W.5    Strober, W.6
  • 208
    • 0030611915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doubleblind comparison of an oral Escherichia coli preparation and mesalazine in maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis
    • Kruis W, Schutz E, Fric P, Fixa B, Judmaier G, Stolte M. Doubleblind comparison of an oral Escherichia coli preparation and mesalazine in maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997; 11(5): 853-8.
    • (1997) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 853-858
    • Kruis, W.1    Schutz, E.2    Fric, P.3    Fixa, B.4    Judmaier, G.5    Stolte, M.6
  • 209
    • 0033592203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli versus mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: A randomised trial
    • Rembacken BJ, Snelling AM, Hawkey PM, Chalmers DM, Axon AT. Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli versus mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 354(9179): 635-9.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , Issue.9179 , pp. 635-639
    • Rembacken, B.J.1    Snelling, A.M.2    Hawkey, P.M.3    Chalmers, D.M.4    Axon, A.T.5
  • 210
    • 0030749419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour necrosis factor and inflammatory bowel disease
    • Armstrong AM, Gardiner KR, Kirk SJ. Tumour necrosis factor and inflammatory bowel disease Br J Surg 1997; 84: 1051-8.
    • (1997) Br J Surg , vol.84 , pp. 1051-1058
    • Armstrong, A.M.1    Gardiner, K.R.2    Kirk, S.J.3
  • 211
    • 0032870013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: The efficacy of infliximab in Crohn's disease-healing of fistulae
    • Present DH. Review article: the efficacy of infliximab in Crohn's disease-healing of fistulae. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13(Suppl 4): 23-8.
    • (1999) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 23-28
    • Present, D.H.1
  • 212
    • 0036866937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Su CY, Lichtenstein GR. Recent developments in inflammatory bowel disease. Med Clin N Am 2002; 86: 1497-523.
    • (2002) Med Clin N Am , vol.86 , pp. 1497-1523
    • Su, C.Y.1    Lichtenstein, G.R.2
  • 214
    • 0033981670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapy of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Sands BE. Therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2000; 118: S68-82.
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.118
    • Sands, B.E.1
  • 215
    • 77955708883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New pathophysiological insights and modern treatment of IBD
    • Engel MA, Neurath MF. New pathophysiological insights and modern treatment of IBD. J Gastroenterol 2010; 45: 571-83.
    • (2010) J Gastroenterol , vol.45 , pp. 571-583
    • Engel, M.A.1    Neurath, M.F.2
  • 216
    • 0034122396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 10 gene transfer prevents experimental colitis in rats
    • Barbara G, Xing Z, Hogaboam CM, Gauldie J, Collins SM. Interleukin 10 gene transfer prevents experimental colitis in rats. Gut 2000; 46: 344-9.
    • (2000) Gut , vol.46 , pp. 344-349
    • Barbara, G.1    Xing, Z.2    Hogaboam, C.M.3    Gauldie, J.4    Collins, S.M.5
  • 217
    • 0036953455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-10 gene therapy prevents TNBS-induced colitis
    • Lindsay J, Van Montfrans C, Brennan F, et al. IL-10 gene therapy prevents TNBS-induced colitis. Gene Ther 2002; 9: 1715-21.
    • (2002) Gene Ther , vol.9 , pp. 1715-1721
    • Lindsay, J.1    van Montfrans, C.2    Brennan, F.3
  • 218
    • 0035876906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevention and treatment of murine colitis using gene therapy with adenoviral vectors encoding IL-10
    • Lindsay JO, Ciesielski CJ, Scheinin T, Hodgson HJ, Brennan FM. The prevention and treatment of murine colitis using gene therapy with adenoviral vectors encoding IL-10. J Immunol 2001; 166: 7625-33.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 7625-7633
    • Lindsay, J.O.1    Ciesielski, C.J.2    Scheinin, T.3    Hodgson, H.J.4    Brennan, F.M.5
  • 219
    • 0026505749 scopus 로고
    • Fish oil fatty acid supplementation in active ulcerative colitis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
    • Aslan A, Triadafilopoulos G. Fish oil fatty acid supplementation in active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Am J Gastroenterol 1992; 87: 432-7.
    • (1992) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.87 , pp. 432-437
    • Aslan, A.1    Triadafilopoulos, G.2
  • 220
    • 0026724222 scopus 로고
    • Dietary supplementation with fish oil in ulcerative colitis
    • Stenson W, Cort D, Rodgers J. Dietary supplementation with fish oil in ulcerative colitis. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 609-14.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.116 , pp. 609-614
    • Stenson, W.1    Cort, D.2    Rodgers, J.3
  • 221
    • 0033967237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of omega-3 fatty acids and sulfasalazine in ulcerative colitis
    • Dichi I, Frenhane P, Dichi JB. Comparison of omega-3 fatty acids and sulfasalazine in ulcerative colitis. Nutrition 2000; 16: 87-90.
    • (2000) Nutrition , vol.16 , pp. 87-90
    • Dichi, I.1    Frenhane, P.2    Dichi, J.B.3
  • 222
    • 8244260090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short chain fatty acid rectal irrigation for left-sided ulcerative colitis: A randomized, placebo controlled trial
    • Breuer RI, Soergel KH, Lashner BA. Short chain fatty acid rectal irrigation for left-sided ulcerative colitis: a randomized, placebo controlled trial. Gut 1997; 40: 485-91.
    • (1997) Gut , vol.40 , pp. 485-491
    • Breuer, R.I.1    Soergel, K.H.2    Lashner, B.A.3
  • 224
    • 0003156149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IBD: A vascular disorder? the case for heparin therapy
    • Korzenik JR. IBD: a vascular disorder? the case for heparin therapy. Inflamm Bowel Dis 1997; 3: 87-92.
    • (1997) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.3 , pp. 87-92
    • Korzenik, J.R.1
  • 225
    • 0031877499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of heparin on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis
    • Korzenik JR, Hsu A, Robert ME. Effect of heparin on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43(8): 1800-5.
    • (1998) Dig Dis Sci , vol.43 , Issue.8 , pp. 1800-1805
    • Korzenik, J.R.1    Hsu, A.2    Robert, M.E.3
  • 227
    • 0032836181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of neutrophils and free radicals in the potentiating effects of passive cigarette smoking on inflammatory bowel disease in rats
    • Guo X, Wang WP, Ko JKS, Cho CH. Involvement of neutrophils and free radicals in the potentiating effects of passive cigarette smoking on inflammatory bowel disease in rats. Gastroenterology 1999; 117: 884-92.
    • (1999) Gastroenterology , vol.117 , pp. 884-892
    • Guo, X.1    Wang, W.P.2    Ko, J.K.S.3    Cho, C.H.4
  • 228
    • 0035141278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial intervention of experimental colitis by passive cigarette smoking through the modulation of cytokines in rats
    • Ko JKS, Sham NF, Guo X, Cho CH. Beneficial intervention of experimental colitis by passive cigarette smoking through the modulation of cytokines in rats. J Invest Med 2001; 49: 21-9.
    • (2001) J Invest Med , vol.49 , pp. 21-29
    • Ko, J.K.S.1    Sham, N.F.2    Guo, X.3    Cho, C.H.4
  • 229
    • 0030813091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potentiating actions of cigarette smoking on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats
    • Chow JY, Ma L, Zhu M, Cho CH. The potentiating actions of cigarette smoking on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. Gastroenterology 1997; 113(4): 1188-97.
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.113 , Issue.4 , pp. 1188-1197
    • Chow, J.Y.1    Ma, L.2    Zhu, M.3    Cho, C.H.4
  • 230
    • 24044530418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diverse actions of nicotine and different extracted fractions from tobacco smoke against hapten-induced colitis in rats
    • Ko JKS, Cho CH. The diverse actions of nicotine and different extracted fractions from tobacco smoke against hapten-induced colitis in rats. Toxicol Sci 2005; 87(1): 285-95.
    • (2005) Toxicol Sci , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 285-295
    • Ko, J.K.S.1    Cho, C.H.2
  • 231
    • 27944473098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amelioration of experimental colitis by Astragalus membranaceus through anti-oxidation and inhibition of adhesion molecule synthesis
    • Ko JKS, Lam FYL, Cheung APL. Amelioration of experimental colitis by Astragalus membranaceus through anti-oxidation and inhibition of adhesion molecule synthesis. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11(37): 5787-94.
    • (2005) World J Gastroenterol , vol.11 , Issue.37 , pp. 5787-5794
    • Ko, J.K.S.1    Lam, F.Y.L.2    Cheung, A.P.L.3
  • 232
    • 67650632775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protective action of radix Astragalus membranaceus against hapten-induced colitis through modulation of cytokines
    • Ko JKS, Chik CWS. The protective action of radix Astragalus membranaceus against hapten-induced colitis through modulation of cytokines. Cytokine 2009; 47: 85-90.
    • (2009) Cytokine , vol.47 , pp. 85-90
    • Ko, J.K.S.1    Chik, C.W.S.2
  • 233
    • 2442651765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco and IBD: Relevance in the understanding of disease mechanisms and clinical practice
    • Cosnes J. Tobacco and IBD: relevance in the understanding of disease mechanisms and clinical practice. Best Practice Res Clin Gastroenterol 2004; 18(3): 481-96.
    • (2004) Best Practice Res Clin Gastroenterol , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 481-496
    • Cosnes, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.