메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 36-42

A phospho-BAD BH3 helix activates glucokinase by a mechanism distinct from that of allosteric activators

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84893494903     PISSN: 15459993     EISSN: 15459985     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2717     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (47)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 84858383401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and the β cell: The last ten years
    • Ashcroft, F.M. & Rorsman, P. Diabetes mellitus and the β cell: the last ten years. Cell 148, 1160-1171 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell , vol.148 , pp. 1160-1171
    • Ashcroft, F.M.1    Rorsman, P.2
  • 2
    • 84857861919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for insulin resistance: Common threads and missing links
    • Samuel, V.T. & Shulman, G.I. Mechanisms for insulin resistance: common threads and missing links. Cell 148, 852-871 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell , vol.148 , pp. 852-871
    • Samuel, V.T.1    Shulman, G.I.2
  • 3
    • 84881161401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigational anti-hyperglycemic agents: The future of type 2 diabetes therapy?
    • Majumdar, S.K. & Inzucchi, S.E. Investigational anti-hyperglycemic agents: the future of type 2 diabetes therapy? Endocrine 44, 47-58 (2013).
    • (2013) Endocrine , vol.44 , pp. 47-58
    • Majumdar, S.K.1    Inzucchi, S.E.2
  • 4
    • 59149101384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucokinase activators for the potential treatment of type 2 diabetes
    • Grimsby, J., Berthel, S.J. & Sarabu, R. Glucokinase activators for the potential treatment of type 2 diabetes. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 8, 1524-1532 (2008).
    • (2008) Curr. Top. Med. Chem. , vol.8 , pp. 1524-1532
    • Grimsby, J.1    Berthel, S.J.2    Sarabu, R.3
  • 5
    • 67349139275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the potential of glucokinase activators in diabetes therapy
    • Matschinsky, F.M. Assessing the potential of glucokinase activators in diabetes therapy. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 8, 399-416 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. , vol.8 , pp. 399-416
    • Matschinsky, F.M.1
  • 6
    • 84865601606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose metabolism: Key endogenous regulator of β-cell replication and survival
    • Dadon, D. et al. Glucose metabolism: key endogenous regulator of β-cell replication and survival. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 14 (suppl. 3), 101-108 (2012).
    • (2012) Diabetes Obes. Metab. , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 101-108
    • Dadon, D.1
  • 7
    • 67049098985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding kinetics of glucose and allosteric activators to human glucokinase reveal multiple conformational states
    • Antoine, M., Boutin, J.A. & Ferry, G. Binding kinetics of glucose and allosteric activators to human glucokinase reveal multiple conformational states. Biochemistry 48, 5466-5482 (2009).
    • (2009) Biochemistry , vol.48 , pp. 5466-5482
    • Antoine, M.1    Boutin, J.A.2    Ferry, G.3
  • 8
    • 0032875616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutants of glucokinase cause hypoglycaemia-and hyperglycaemia syndromes and their analysis illuminates fundamental quantitative concepts of glucose homeostasis
    • Davis, E.A. et al. Mutants of glucokinase cause hypoglycaemia-and hyperglycaemia syndromes and their analysis illuminates fundamental quantitative concepts of glucose homeostasis. Diabetologia 42, 1175-1186 (1999).
    • (1999) Diabetologia , vol.42 , pp. 1175-1186
    • Davis, E.A.1
  • 9
    • 0037624071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allosteric activators of glucokinase: Potential role in diabetes therapy
    • Grimsby, J. et al. Allosteric activators of glucokinase: potential role in diabetes therapy. Science 301, 370-373 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.301 , pp. 370-373
    • Grimsby, J.1
  • 10
    • 1542791635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural basis for allosteric regulation of the monomeric allosteric enzyme human glucokinase
    • Kamata, K., Mitsuya, M., Nishimura, T., Eiki, J. & Nagata, Y. Structural basis for allosteric regulation of the monomeric allosteric enzyme human glucokinase. Structure 12, 429-438 (2004).
    • (2004) Structure , vol.12 , pp. 429-438
    • Kamata, K.1    Mitsuya, M.2    Nishimura, T.3    Eiki, J.4    Nagata, Y.5
  • 11
    • 77956565207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct evidence of conformational heterogeneity in human pancreatic glucokinase from high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance
    • Larion, M., Salinas, R.K., Bruschweiler-Li, L., Bruschweiler, R. & Miller, B.G. Direct evidence of conformational heterogeneity in human pancreatic glucokinase from high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance. Biochemistry 49, 7969-7971 (2010).
    • (2010) Biochemistry , vol.49 , pp. 7969-7971
    • Larion, M.1    Salinas, R.K.2    Bruschweiler-Li, L.3    Bruschweiler, R.4    Miller, B.G.5
  • 12
    • 84859991127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into mechanism of glucokinase activation: Observation of multiple distinct protein conformations
    • Liu, S. et al. Insights into mechanism of glucokinase activation: observation of multiple distinct protein conformations. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 13598-13610 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.287 , pp. 13598-13610
    • Liu, S.1
  • 13
    • 80955139676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The active conformation of human glucokinase is not altered by allosteric activators
    • Petit, P. et al. The active conformation of human glucokinase is not altered by allosteric activators. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 67, 929-935 (2011).
    • (2011) Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. , vol.67 , pp. 929-935
    • Petit, P.1
  • 14
    • 84863115976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of (S)-6-(3-cyclopentyl-2-(4-(trifuoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl) propanamido)nicotinic acid as a hepatoselective glucokinase activator clinical candidate for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Pfefferkorn, J.A. et al. Discovery of (S)-6-(3-cyclopentyl-2-(4- (trifuoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)propanamido)nicotinic acid as a hepatoselective glucokinase activator clinical candidate for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Med. Chem. 55, 1318-1333 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Med. Chem. , vol.55 , pp. 1318-1333
    • Pfefferkorn, J.A.1
  • 15
    • 33845979134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An allosteric activator of glucokinase impairs the interaction of glucokinase and glucokinase regulatory protein and regulates glucose metabolism
    • Futamura, M. et al. An allosteric activator of glucokinase impairs the interaction of glucokinase and glucokinase regulatory protein and regulates glucose metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 37668-37674 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.281 , pp. 37668-37674
    • Futamura, M.1
  • 16
    • 65749097886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyridones as glucokinase activators: Identifcation of a unique metabolic liability of the 4-sulfonyl-2-pyridone heterocycle
    • Pfefferkorn, J.A. et al. Pyridones as glucokinase activators: identifcation of a unique metabolic liability of the 4-sulfonyl-2-pyridone heterocycle. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 19, 3247-3252 (2009).
    • (2009) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 3247-3252
    • Pfefferkorn, J.A.1
  • 17
    • 78049512890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piragliatin (RO4389620), a novel glucokinase activator, lowers plasma glucose both in the postabsorptive state and after a glucose challenge in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A mechanistic study
    • Bonadonna, R.C. et al. Piragliatin (RO4389620), a novel glucokinase activator, lowers plasma glucose both in the postabsorptive state and after a glucose challenge in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a mechanistic study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 5028-5036 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.95 , pp. 5028-5036
    • Bonadonna, R.C.1
  • 18
    • 84867907112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the glucokinase activator AZD1656, after single ascending doses in healthy subjects during euglycemic clamp
    • Ericsson, H. et al. Tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the glucokinase activator AZD1656, after single ascending doses in healthy subjects during euglycemic clamp. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 50, 765-777 (2012).
    • (2012) Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.50 , pp. 765-777
    • Ericsson, H.1
  • 19
    • 81555210580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of MK-0941, a novel glucokinase activator, on glycemic control in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Meininger, G.E. et al. Effects of MK-0941, a novel glucokinase activator, on glycemic control in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 34, 2560-2566 (2011).
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 2560-2566
    • Meininger, G.E.1
  • 20
    • 68149107692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAD: Undertaker by night, candyman by day
    • Danial, N.N. BAD: undertaker by night, candyman by day. Oncogene 27 (suppl. 1), S53-S70 (2008).
    • (2008) Oncogene , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Danial, N.N.1
  • 21
    • 0041357164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAD and glucokinase reside in a mitochondrial complex that integrates glycolysis and apoptosis
    • Danial, N.N. et al. BAD and glucokinase reside in a mitochondrial complex that integrates glycolysis and apoptosis. Nature 424, 952-956 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.424 , pp. 952-956
    • Danial, N.N.1
  • 22
    • 38949140180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual role of proapoptotic BAD in insulin secretion and beta cell survival
    • Danial, N.N. et al. Dual role of proapoptotic BAD in insulin secretion and beta cell survival. Nat. Med. 14, 144-153 (2008).
    • (2008) Nat. Med. , vol.14 , pp. 144-153
    • Danial, N.N.1
  • 23
    • 71049133592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin signaling regulates mitochondrial function in pancreatic β-cells
    • Liu, S. et al. Insulin signaling regulates mitochondrial function in pancreatic β-cells. PLoS ONE 4, e7983 (2009).
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4
    • Liu, S.1
  • 24
    • 54549114986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAX activation is initiated at a novel interaction site
    • Gavathiotis, E. et al. BAX activation is initiated at a novel interaction site. Nature 455, 1076-1081 (2008).
    • (2008) Nature , vol.455 , pp. 1076-1081
    • Gavathiotis, E.1
  • 25
    • 84861834043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A stapled BIM peptide overcomes apoptotic resistance in hematologic cancers
    • LaBelle, J.L. et al. A stapled BIM peptide overcomes apoptotic resistance in hematologic cancers. J. Clin. Invest. 122, 2018-2031 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.122 , pp. 2018-2031
    • Labelle, J.L.1
  • 27
    • 70349641037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of functionally liver selective glucokinase activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
    • Bebernitz, G.R. et al. Investigation of functionally liver selective glucokinase activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. J. Med. Chem. 52, 6142-6152 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Med. Chem. , vol.52 , pp. 6142-6152
    • Bebernitz, G.R.1
  • 28
    • 10744224346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of hepatocyte glucose metabolism by novel small molecule glucokinase activators
    • Brocklehurst, K.J. et al. Stimulation of hepatocyte glucose metabolism by novel small molecule glucokinase activators. Diabetes 53, 535-541 (2004).
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 535-541
    • Brocklehurst, K.J.1
  • 29
    • 13944280917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucokinase-activating ureas
    • Castelhano, A.L. et al. Glucokinase-activating ureas. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15, 1501-1504 (2005).
    • (2005) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.15 , pp. 1501-1504
    • Castelhano, A.L.1
  • 30
    • 23844550012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel glucokinase activator modulates pancreatic islet and hepatocyte function
    • Efanov, A.M. et al. A novel glucokinase activator modulates pancreatic islet and hepatocyte function. Endocrinology 146, 3696-3701 (2005).
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , pp. 3696-3701
    • Efanov, A.M.1
  • 31
    • 34247862169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucokinase activator PSN-GK1 displays enhanced antihyperglycaemic and insulinotropic actions
    • Fyfe, M.C. et al. Glucokinase activator PSN-GK1 displays enhanced antihyperglycaemic and insulinotropic actions. Diabetologia 50, 1277-1287 (2007).
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , pp. 1277-1287
    • Fyfe, M.C.1
  • 32
    • 42449159741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose modulation of glucokinase activation by small molecules
    • Ralph, E.C., Thomson, J., Almaden, J. & Sun, S. Glucose modulation of glucokinase activation by small molecules. Biochemistry 47, 5028-5036 (2008).
    • (2008) Biochemistry , vol.47 , pp. 5028-5036
    • Ralph, E.C.1    Thomson, J.2    Almaden, J.3    Sun, S.4
  • 33
    • 78650437120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoreactive stapled BH3 peptides to dissect the BCL-2 family interactome
    • Braun, C.R. et al. Photoreactive stapled BH3 peptides to dissect the BCL-2 family interactome. Chem. Biol. 17, 1325-1333 (2010).
    • (2010) Chem. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 1325-1333
    • Braun, C.R.1
  • 34
    • 80655136485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational analysis of allosteric activation and inhibition of glucokinase
    • Zelent, B. et al. Mutational analysis of allosteric activation and inhibition of glucokinase. Biochem. J. 440, 203-215 (2011).
    • (2011) Biochem. J. , vol.440 , pp. 203-215
    • Zelent, B.1
  • 35
    • 0027410865 scopus 로고
    • Glucokinase mutations associated with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus have decreased enzymatic activity: Implications for structure/function relationships
    • Gidh-Jain, M. et al. Glucokinase mutations associated with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus have decreased enzymatic activity: implications for structure/function relationships. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 1932-1936 (1993).
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 1932-1936
    • Gidh-Jain, M.1
  • 37
    • 0031050536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural instability of mutant β-cell glucokinase: Implications for the molecular pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (type-2)
    • Kesavan, P. et al. Structural instability of mutant β-cell glucokinase: implications for the molecular pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (type-2). Biochem. J. 322, 57-63 (1997).
    • (1997) Biochem. J. , vol.322 , pp. 57-63
    • Kesavan, P.1
  • 38
    • 0029034723 scopus 로고
    • Variable effects of maturity-onset-diabetes-of-youth (MODY)-associated glucokinase mutations on substrate interactions and stability of the enzyme
    • Liang, Y. et al. Variable effects of maturity-onset-diabetes-of-youth (MODY)-associated glucokinase mutations on substrate interactions and stability of the enzyme. Biochem. J. 309, 167-173 (1995).
    • (1995) Biochem. J. , vol.309 , pp. 167-173
    • Liang, Y.1
  • 39
    • 70350741368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on mutations in glucokinase (GCK), which cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young, permanent neonatal diabetes, and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia
    • Osbak, K.K. et al. Update on mutations in glucokinase (GCK), which cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young, permanent neonatal diabetes, and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Hum. Mutat. 30, 1512-1526 (2009).
    • (2009) Hum. Mutat. , vol.30 , pp. 1512-1526
    • Osbak, K.K.1
  • 40
    • 82255181834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of glucokinase-MODY mutants to inactivation by oxidative stress in pancreatic β-cells
    • Cullen, K.S., Matschinsky, F.M., Agius, L. & Arden, C. Susceptibility of glucokinase-MODY mutants to inactivation by oxidative stress in pancreatic β-cells. Diabetes 60, 3175-3185 (2011).
    • (2011) Diabetes , vol.60 , pp. 3175-3185
    • Cullen, K.S.1    Matschinsky, F.M.2    Agius, L.3    Arden, C.4
  • 41
    • 0036075535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nine novel mutations in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) candidate genes in 22 Spanish families
    • Barrio, R. et al. Nine novel mutations in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) candidate genes in 22 Spanish families. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87, 2532-2539 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.87 , pp. 2532-2539
    • Barrio, R.1
  • 42
    • 77957922049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global ft analysis of glucose binding curves reveals a minimal model for kinetic cooperativity in human glucokinase
    • Larion, M. & Miller, B.G. Global ft analysis of glucose binding curves reveals a minimal model for kinetic cooperativity in human glucokinase. Biochemistry 49, 8902-8911 (2010).
    • (2010) Biochemistry , vol.49 , pp. 8902-8911
    • Larion, M.1    Miller, B.G.2
  • 43
    • 0025285220 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of a slow conformational change in liver glucokinase by fuorescence spectroscopy
    • Lin, S.X. & Neet, K.E. Demonstration of a slow conformational change in liver glucokinase by fuorescence spectroscopy. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 9670-9675 (1990).
    • (1990) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.265 , pp. 9670-9675
    • Lin, S.X.1    Neet, K.E.2
  • 44
    • 42649094123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic activation of human glucokinase by substrate binding: Residue contacts involved in the binding of d-glucose to the super-open form and conformational transitions
    • Molnes, J., Bjorkhaug, L., Sovik, O., Njolstad, P.R. & Flatmark, T. Catalytic activation of human glucokinase by substrate binding: residue contacts involved in the binding of d-glucose to the super-open form and conformational transitions. FEBS J. 275, 2467-2481 (2008).
    • (2008) FEBS J. , vol.275 , pp. 2467-2481
    • Molnes, J.1    Bjorkhaug, L.2    Sovik, O.3    Njolstad, P.R.4    Flatmark, T.5
  • 45
    • 84857803612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homotropic allosteric regulation in monomeric mammalian glucokinase
    • Larion, M. & Miller, B.G. Homotropic allosteric regulation in monomeric mammalian glucokinase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 519, 103-111 (2012).
    • (2012) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.519 , pp. 103-111
    • Larion, M.1    Miller, B.G.2
  • 46
    • 73249114979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opposite clinical phenotypes of glucokinase disease: Description of a novel activating mutation and contiguous inactivating mutations in human glucokinase (GCK) gene
    • Barbetti, F. et al. Opposite clinical phenotypes of glucokinase disease: description of a novel activating mutation and contiguous inactivating mutations in human glucokinase (GCK) gene. Mol. Endocrinol. 23, 1983-1989 (2009).
    • (2009) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.23 , pp. 1983-1989
    • Barbetti, F.1
  • 47
    • 77950833891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large islets, beta-cell proliferation, and a glucokinase mutation
    • Kassem, S. et al. Large islets, beta-cell proliferation, and a glucokinase mutation. N. Engl. J. Med. 362, 1348-1350 (2010).
    • (2010) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.362 , pp. 1348-1350
    • Kassem, S.1
  • 48
    • 0347477364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term overexpression of glucokinase in the liver of transgenic mice leads to insulin resistance
    • Ferre, T., Riu, E., Franckhauser, S., Agudo, J. & Bosch, F. Long-term overexpression of glucokinase in the liver of transgenic mice leads to insulin resistance. Diabetologia 46, 1662-1668 (2003).
    • (2003) Diabetologia , vol.46 , pp. 1662-1668
    • Ferre, T.1    Riu, E.2    Franckhauser, S.3    Agudo, J.4    Bosch, F.5
  • 49
    • 0032884829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic impact of glucokinase overexpression in liver: Lowering of blood glucose in fed rats is accompanied by hyperlipidemia
    • O'Doherty, R.M., Lehman, D.L., Telemaque-Potts, S. & Newgard, C.B. Metabolic impact of glucokinase overexpression in liver: lowering of blood glucose in fed rats is accompanied by hyperlipidemia. Diabetes 48, 2022-2027 (1999).
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 2022-2027
    • O'Doherty, R.M.1    Lehman, D.L.2    Telemaque-Potts, S.3    Newgard, C.B.4
  • 50
    • 79960086105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic glucokinase expression is associated with lipogenesis and fatty liver in humans
    • Peter, A. et al. Hepatic glucokinase expression is associated with lipogenesis and fatty liver in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, E1126-E1130 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.96
    • Peter, A.1
  • 51
    • 84883742042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-ranging study with the glucokinase activator AZD1656 as monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Kiyosue, A., Hayashi, N., Komori, H., Leonsson-Zachrisson, M. & Johnsson, E. Dose-ranging study with the glucokinase activator AZD1656 as monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 15, 923-930 (2013).
    • (2013) Diabetes Obes. Metab. , vol.15 , pp. 923-930
    • Kiyosue, A.1    Hayashi, N.2    Komori, H.3    Leonsson-Zachrisson, M.4    Johnsson, E.5
  • 52
    • 84879796512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-ranging study with the glucokinase activator AZD1656 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin
    • Wilding, J.P., Leonsson-Zachrisson, M., Wessman, C. & Johnsson, E. Dose-ranging study with the glucokinase activator AZD1656 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 15, 750-759 (2013).
    • (2013) Diabetes Obes. Metab. , vol.15 , pp. 750-759
    • Wilding, J.P.1    Leonsson-Zachrisson, M.2    Wessman, C.3    Johnsson, E.4
  • 53
    • 0000857494 scopus 로고
    • An approach to correlate tandem mass spectral data of peptides with amino acid sequences in a protein database
    • Eng, J.K., McCormack, A.L. & Yates, J.R. An approach to correlate tandem mass spectral data of peptides with amino acid sequences in a protein database. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 5, 976-989 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. , vol.5 , pp. 976-989
    • Eng, J.K.1    McCormack, A.L.2    Yates, J.R.3
  • 55
    • 39749087433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased albumin concentration reduces apoptosis and improves functionality of human islets
    • Barbaro, B. et al. Increased albumin concentration reduces apoptosis and improves functionality of human islets. Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechnol. 36, 74-81 (2008).
    • (2008) Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechnol. , vol.36 , pp. 74-81
    • Barbaro, B.1
  • 56
    • 84871426151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 reduces insulin secretion and is overexpressed in type 2 diabetes
    • Mahdi, T. et al. Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 reduces insulin secretion and is overexpressed in type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab. 16, 625-633 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell Metab. , vol.16 , pp. 625-633
    • Mahdi, T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.