γδ T cells and their potential for immunotherapy

International Journal of Biological Sciences

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 119-135

  Wu, Yan Ling ^a   Ding, Yan Ping ^a,b   Tanaka, Yoshimasa ^c   Shen, Li Wen ^b   Wei, Chuan He ^b   Minato, Nagahiro ^c   Zhang, Wen ^b  

^a ZHEJIANG PROVINCIAL CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (China)

^b ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^c KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

T cells; Autoimmune and allergic diseases; Immunotherapy; Infection; Nonpeptide antigen; Tumor

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN RECEPTOR;

AUTOIMMUNE AND ALLERGIC DISEASES; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CHEMISTRY; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; HUMAN; HYPERSENSITIVITY; IMMUNOLOGY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; INFECTION; INNATE IMMUNITY; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; NEOPLASM; NONPEPTIDE ANTIGEN; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SECRETION (PROCESS); T LYMPHOCYTE; ΓΔ T CELLS;

AUTOIMMUNE AND ALLERGIC DISEASES; IMMUNOTHERAPY; INFECTION; NONPEPTIDE ANTIGEN; TUMOR; ΓΔ T CELLS;

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; CYTOKINES; HUMANS; HYPERSENSITIVITY; IMMUNITY, INNATE; IMMUNOTHERAPY; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; MODELS, IMMUNOLOGICAL; NEOPLASMS; RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA; T-LYMPHOCYTES;

EID: 84892375230     PISSN: 14492288     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7823     Document Type: Review

References (175)

1. Porritt HE, Rumfelt LL, Tabrizifard S, et al. Heterogeneity among DN1 prothymocytes reveals multiple progenitors with different capacities to generate T cell and non-T cell lineages. Immunity. 2004; 20: 735-745.
2. Allman D, Sambandam A, Kim S, et al. Thymopoiesis independent of common lymphoid progenitors. Nat Immunol. 2003; 4: 168-174.
3. Taghon T, Yui MA, Pant R, et al. Developmental and molecular characterization of emerging beta-and gammadelta-selected pre-T cells in the adult mouse thymus. Immunity. 2006; 24: 53-64.
4. Jabeen R, Chang HC, Goswami R, et al. The transcription factor PU. 1 regulates γδ T cell homeostasis. PLoS One. 2011; 6: e22189.
5. Morita CT, Lee HK, Leslie DS, et al. Recognition of nonpeptide prenyl pyrophosphate antigens by human gammadelta T cells. Microbes Infect. 1999; 1: 175-186.
6. Tanaka Y, Morita CT, Tanaka Y, et al. Natural and synthetic non-peptide antigens recognized by human gamma delta T cells. Nature. 1995; 375: 155-158.
7. Bauer S, Groh V, Wu J, et al. Activation of NK cells and T cells by NKG2D, a receptor for stress-inducible MICA. Science. 1999; 285: 727-729.
8. Bukowski JF, Morita CT, Brenner MB. Human gamma delta T cells recognize alkylamines derived from microbes, edible plants, and tea: implications for innate immunity. Immunity. 1999; 11: 57-65.
9. Hayday AC. γδ T cells: a right time and a right place for a conserved third way of protection. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000; 18: 975-1026.
10. Petermann F, Rothhammer V, Claussen MC, et al. γδ T cells enhance autoimmunity by restraining regulatory T cell responses via an interleukin-23-dependent mechanism. Immunity. 2010; 33: 351-363.
11. Kabelitz D, Glatzel A, Wesch D. Antigen recognition by human γδ T lymphocytes. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 2000; 122: 1-7.
12. Groh V, Steinle A, Bauer S, et al. Recognition of stress-induced MHC molecules by intestinal epithelial gammadelta T cells. Science. 1998; 279: 1737-1740.
13. Kapp JA, Kapp LM, McKenna KC, et al. gammadelta T-cell clones from intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes inhibit development of CTL responses ex vivo. Immunology. 2004; 111: 155-164.
14. Gould DS, Ploegh HL, Schust DJ. Murine female reproductive tract intraepithelial lymphocytes display selection characteristics distinct from both peripheral and other mucosal T cells. J Reprod Immunol. 2001; 52: 85-99.
15. Poles MA, Barsoum S, Yu W, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 induces persistent changes in mucosal and blood gammadelta T cells despite suppressive therapy. J Virol. 2003; 77: 10456-10467.
16. Rakasz E, MacDougall AV, Zayas MT, et al. Gammadelta T cell receptor repertoire in blood and colonic mucosa of rhesus macaques. J Med Primatol. 2000; 29: 387-396.
17. Moser B, Eberl M. γδ T-APCs: a novel tool for immunotherapy? Cell Mol Life Sci. 2011; 68(14): 2443-2452.
18. Li H, Pauza CD. Rapamycin increases the yield and effector function of human γδ T cells stimulated in vitro. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2011; 60: 361-370.
19. Mangan BA, Dunne MR, O'Reilly VP, et al. Cutting edge: CD1d restriction and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine secretion by human Vδ3 T cells. J Immunol. 2013; 191: 30-34.
20. Kabelitz D, Wesch D, He W. Perspectives of gamma delta T cells in tumor immunology. Cancer Res. 2007; 67: 5-8.
21. Cairo C, Armstrong CL, Cummings JS, et al. Impact of age, gender, and race on circulating γδ T cells. Hum Immunol. 2010; 71: 968-975.
22. Pauza CD, Riedel DJ, Gilliam BL, et al. Targeting γδ T cells for immunotherapy of HIV disease. Future Virol. 2011; 6: 73-84.
23. Hayday AC. Gammadelta T cells and the lymphoid stress-surveillance response. Immunity. 2009; 31: 184-196.
24. Caccamo N, Dieli F, Wesch D, et al. Sex-specific phenotypical and functional differences in peripheral human Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells. J Leukoc Biol. 2006; 79: 663-666.
25. Allison TJ, Winter CC, Fournié JJ, et al. Structure of a human gammadelta T-cell antigen receptor. Nature. 2001; 411: 820-824.
26. Morita CT, Beckman EM, Bukowski JF, et al. Direct presentation of nonpeptide prenyl pyrophosphate antigens to human gamma delta T cells. Immunity. 1995; 3: 495-507.
27. Scotet E, Martinez LO, Grant E, et al. Tumor recognition following Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell receptor interactions with a surface F1-ATPase-related structure and apolipoprotein A-1. Immunity. 2005; 22: 71-80.
28. Harly C, Guillaume Y, Nedellec S, et al. Key implication of CD277/butyrophilin-3 (BTN3A) in cellular stress sensing by a major human γδ T-cell subset. Blood. 2012; 120: 2269-2279.
29. Jr Janeway CA, Jones B, Hayday A. Specificity and function of T cells bearing γδ receptors. Immunol Today. 1988; 9: 73-76.
30. Bluestone JA, Khattri R, Sciammas R, et al. TCR gamma delta cells: a specialized T cell subset in the immune system. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1995; 11: 307-353.
31. Kazen AR, Adams EJ. Evolution of the V, D, and J gene segments used in the primate gammadelta T-cell receptor reveals a dichotomy of conservation and diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011; 108: E332-340.
32. Beagley KW, Husband AJ. Intraepithelial lymphocytes: origins, distribution, and function. Crit Rev Immunol. 1998; 18(3): 237-254.
33. Zheng J, Liu Y, Lau YL, et al. γδ-T cells: an unpolished sword in human anti-infection immunity. Cell Mol Immunol. 2013; 10(1): 50-57.
34. Pfeffer K, Schoel B, Gulle H, et al. Primary responses of human T cells to mycobacteria: a frequent set of gamma/delta T cells are stimulated by protease-resistant ligands. Eur J Immunol. 1990; 20: 1175-1179.
35. Pfeffer K, Schoel B, Plesnila N, et al. A lectin-binding, protease-resistant mycobacterial ligand specifically activates Vgamma9+ human gamma delta T cells. J lmmunol. 1992; 148: 575-583.
36. Porcelli SA, Morita CT, Modlin RL. T-cell recognition of non-peptide antigens. Curr Opin Immunol. 1996; 8: 510-516.
37. Burk MR, Mori L, De Libero G. Human V gamma 9-Vdelta 2 cells are stimulated in a cross-reactive fashion by a variety of phosphorylated metabolites. Eur J fmmunol, 1995; 25: 2052-2058.
38. Tanaka Y, Morita CT, Nieves E, et al. Natural and synthetic nonpeptide antigens recognized by human gamma/delta T cells. Nature. 1995; 375: 55-58.
39. Wang H, Fang Z, Morita CT. Vgamma2Vdelta2 T Cell Receptor recognition of prenyl pyrophosphates is dependent on all CDRs. J Immunol. 2010; 184(11): 6209-6222.
40. Vavassori S, Kumar A, Wan GS, et al. Butyrophilin 3A1 binds phosphorylated antigens and stimulates human γδ T cells. Nat Immunol. 2013; 14: 908-916.
41. Messal N, Mamessier E, Sylvain A, et al. Differential role for CD277 as a co-regulator of the immune signal in T and NK cells. Eur J Immunol. 2011; 41: 3443-3454.
42. Wang H, Henry O, Distefano MD, et al. Butyrophilin 3A1 plays an essential role in prenyl pyrophosphate stimulation of human Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. J Immunol. 2013; 191: 1029-1042.
43. Agea E, Russano A, Bistoni O, et al. Human CD1-restricted T cell recognition of lipids from pollens. J Exp Med. 2005; 202(2): 295-308.
44. Dieudé M, Striegl H, Tyznik AJ, et al. Cardiolipin binds to CD1d and stimulates CD1d-restricted γδ T cells in the normal murine repertoire. J Immunol. 2011; 186(8): 4771-4781.
45. Born WK, Kemal Aydintug M, O'Brien RL. Diversity of γδ T-cell antigens. Cell Mol Immunol. 2013; 10(1): 13-20.
46. Willcox CR, Pitard V, Netzer S, et al. Cytomegalovirus and tumor stress surveillance by binding of a human γδ T cell antigen receptor to endothelial protein C receptor. Nat Immunol. 2012; 13: 872-879.
47. Rust CJ, Verreck F, Vietor H, et al. Specific recognition of staphylococcal enterotoxin A by human T cells bearing receptors with the V gamma 9 region. Nature. 1990; 346(6284): 572-574.
48. Guo Y, Ziegler HK, Safley SA, et al. Human T-cell recognition of Listeria monocytogenes: recognition of listeriolysin O by TcR alpha beta+ and TcR gamma delta+ T cells. Infect Immun. 1995; 63(6): 2288-2294.
49. Champagne E. γδ T cell receptor ligands and modes of antigen recognition. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2011; 59(2): 117-137.
50. Zhao Y, Yokota K, Ayada K, et al. Helicobacter pylori heat-shock protein 60 induces interleukin-8 via a Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway in human monocytes. J Med Microbiol. 2007; 56(Pt 2): 154-164.
51. Tsan MF, Gao B. Heat shock proteins and immune system. J Leukoc Biol. 2009; 85(6): 905-910.
52. Bai L, Picard D, Anderson B, et al. The majority of CD1d-sulfatide-specific T cells in human blood use a semiinvariant Vδ1 TCR. Eur J Immunol. 2012; 42(9): 2505-2510.
53. Lanca T, Correia DV, Moita CF, et al. The MHC class Ib protein ULBP1 is a nonredundant determinant of leukemia/lymphoma susceptibility to gammadelta T-cell cytotoxicity. Blood. 2010; 115: 2407-2411.
54. Kong Y, Cao W, Xi X, et al. The NKG2D ligand ULBP4 binds to TCR gamma9/delta2 and induces cytotoxicity to tumor cells through both TCR gammadelta and NKG2D. Blood. 2009; 114: 310-317.
55. Chien YH, Jores R, Crowley MP. Recognition by gamma/delta T cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 1996; 14: 511-532.
56. Asarnow DM, Kuziel WA, Bonyhadi M, Tigelaar RE, Tucker PW, Allison JP. Limited diversity of gamma delta antigen receptor genes of Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells. Cell. 1988; 55: 837-847.
57. Adams EJ, Chien YH, Garcia KC. Structure of a gammadelta T cell receptor in complex with the nonclassical MHC T22. Science. 2005; 308: 227-231.
58. Pechhold K, Wesch D, Schondelmaier S, et al. Primary activation of V gamma 9-expressing gamma delta T cells by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Requirement for Th1-type CD4 T cell help and inhibition by IL-10. J Immunol. 1994; 152(10): 4984-4992.
59. Behr C, Poupot R, Peyrat MA, et al. Plasmodium falciparum stimuli for human gammadelta T cells are related to phosphorylated antigens of mycobacteria. Infect Immun. 1996; 64(8): 2892-2896.
60. Arigoni D, Sagner S, Latzel C, et al. Terpenoid biosynthesis from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose in higher plants by intramolecular skeletal rearrangement. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997; 94: 10600-10605.
61. Espinosa E, Belmant C, Pont F, et al. Chemical synthesis and biological activity of bromohydrin pyrophosphate, a potent stimulator of human gamma delta T cells. J Biol Chem. 2001; 276: 18337-18344.
62. Rincon-Orozco B, Kunzmann V, Wrobel P, et al. Activation of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells by NKG2D. J Immunol. 2005; 175: 2144-2151.
63. Hebbeler AM, Cairo C, Cummings JS, et al. Individual Vgamma2-Jgamma1. 2+ T cells respond to both isopentenyl pyrophosphate and Daudi cell stimulation: generating tumor effectors with low molecular weight phosphoantigens. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2007; 56: 819-829.
64. Zgani I, Menut C, Seman M, et al. Synthesis of prenyl pyrophosphonates as new potent phosphoantigens inducing selective activation of human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T lymphocytes. J Med Chem. 2004; 47: 4600-4612.
65. Bonneville M, Scotet E. Human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells: promising new leads for immunotherapy of infections and tumors. Curr Opin Immunol. 2006; 18: 539-546.
66. Gober HJ, Kistowska M, Angman L, et al. De Libero G. Human T cell receptor gammadelta T cells recognize endogenous mevalonate metabolites in tumor cells. J Exp Med. 2003; 197: 163-168.
67. Dieli F, Vermijlen D, Fulfaro F, et al. Targeting human gammadelta T cells with zoledronate and interleukin-2 for immunotherapy of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2007; 67: 7450-7457.
68. Kim S, Iizuka K, Aguila HL, et al. In vivo natural killer cell activities revealed by natural killer cell-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000; 97: 2731-2736.
69. Nishio N, Fujita M, Tanaka Y, et al. Zoledronate sensitizes neuroblastoma-derived tumor-initiating cells to cytolysis mediated by human γδ T cells. J Immunother. 2012; 35: 598-606.
70. Idrees ASM, Sugie T, Inoue C, et al. Comparison of γδ T cell responses and farnesyl diphosphate synthase inhibition in tumor cells pretreated with zoledronic acid. Cancer Sci. 2013; 104: 536-542.
71. Miyagawa F, Tanaka Y, Yamashita S, et al. Essential requirement of antigen presentation by monocyte lineage cells for the activation of primary human gamma delta T cells by aminobisphosphonate antigen. J Immunol. 2001; 166: 5508-5514.
72. Brandes M, Willimann K, Moser B. Professional antigen-presentation function by human gamma delta T cells. Science. 2005; 309: 264-268.
73. Shin S, El-Diwany R, Schaffert S, et al. Antigen recognition determinants of gamma delta T cell receptors. Science. 2005; 308: 252-255.
74. Sarikonda G, Wang H, Puan KJ, et al. Photoaffinity antigens for human gammadelta T cells. J Immunol. 2008; 181: 7738-7750.
75. Wei H, Huang D, Lai X, et al. Definition of APC presentation of phosphoantigen (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate to Vgamma2Vdelta2 TCR. J Immunol. 2008; 181: 4798-4806.
76. Kabelitz D. CD277 takes the lead in human T-cell activation. Blood. 2012; 120: 2159-2161.
77. Sutton CE, Lalor SJ, Sweeney CM, et al. Interleukin-1 and IL-23 induce innate IL-17 production from gammadelta T cells, amplifying Th17 responses and autoimmunity. Immunity. 2009; 31: 331-341.
78. Eberl M, Engel R, Beck E, Jomaa H. Differentiation of human gamma-delta T cells towards distinct memory phenotypes. Cell Imminol. 2002; 218(1-2): 1-6.
79. Ribot JC, deBarros A, Pang DJ, et al. CD27 is a thymic determinant of the balance between interferon-gamma-and interleukin 17-producing gammadelta T cell subsets. Nat Immunol. 2009; 10: 427-436.
80. Gioia C, Agrati C, Casetti R, et al. Lack of CD27-CD45RA-Vgamma 9V delta2+ T cell effectors in immunocompromised hosts and during active pulmonary tuberculosis. J Immunol. 2002; 168: 1484-1489.
81. Cho JS, Pietras EM, Garcia NC, et al. IL-17 is essential for host defense against cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. J Clin Invest. 2010; 120: 1762-1773.
82. Ribot JC, Debarros A, Silva-Santos B. Searching for "signal 2": costimulation requirements of gammadelta T cells. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2011; 68: 2345-2355.
83. Sarikonda G, Wang H, Puan KJ, et al. Photoaffinity antigens for human cdT Cells. J Immunol. 2008; 181: 7738-7750.
84. Budd RC, Russell JQ, van Houten N, et al. CD2 expression correlates with proliferative capacity of alpha beta1 or gamma delta1 CD42 CD82 T cells in lpr mice. J Immunol. 1992; 148: 1055-1064.
85. Lafont V, Liautard J, Gross A, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production is differently regulated in gamma delta and alpha beta human T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem. 2000; 275: 19282-19287.
86. Mohan JF, Levisetti MG, Calderon B, et al. Unique autoreactive T cells recognize insulin peptides generated within the islets of Langerhans in autoimmune diabetes. Nat Immunol. 2010; 11: 350-354.
87. Kozbor D, Trinchieri G, Monos DS, et al. Human TCR-gamma1/delta1, CD81 T lymphocytes recognize tetanus toxoid in an MHC-restricted fashion. J Exp Med. 1989; 169: 1847-1851.
88. Silva-Santos B, Pennington DJ, Hayday AC. Lymphotoxin-mediated regulation of gammadelta cell differentiation by alphabeta T cell progenitors. Science. 2005; 307: 925-928.
89. Vantourout P, Hayday A. Six-of-the-best: unique contributions of γδ T cells to immunology. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013; 13(2): 88-100.
90. Caccamo N, Battistini L, Bonneville M, et al. CXCR5 identifies a subset of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells which secrete IL-4 and IL-10 and help B cells for antibody production. Immunol. 2006; 177(8): 5290-5295.
91. Devilder MC, Maillet S, Bouyge-Moreau I, et al. Potentiation of antigen-stimulated Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell cytokine production by immature dendritic cells (DC) and reciprocal effect on DC maturation. J Immunol. 2006; 176: 1386-1393.
92. Ismaili J, Olislagers V, Poupot M, et al. Human gamma delta T cells induce dendritic cell maturation. Clin Immunol. 2002; 103: 296-302.
93. Leslie DS, Vincent MS, Spada FM, et al. CD1-mediated gamma/delta T cell maturation of dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2002; 196: 1575-1584.
94. Collins C, Wolfe J, Roessner K, et al. Lyme arthritis synovial gammadelta T cells instruct dendritic cells via fas ligand. The Journal of Immunology. 2005; 175: 5656-5665.
95. Dieli F, Caccamo N, Meraviglia S, et al. Reciprocal stimulation of gammadelta T cells and dendritic cells during the anti-mycobacterial immune response. Eur J Immunol. 2004; 34: 3227-3235.
96. Martino A, Casetti R, D'Alessandri A, et al. Complementary function of gamma delta T-lymphocytes and dendritic cells in the response to isopentenyl-pyrophosphate and lipopolysaccharide antigens. J Clin Immunol. 2005; 25: 230-237.
97. DiTirro J, Rhoades ER, Roberts AD, et al. Disruption of the cellular inflammatory response to Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice with disruptions in targeted genes. Infect Immun. 1998; 66: 2284-2289.
98. Sharp LL, Jameson JM, Cauvi G, et al. Dendritic epidermal T cells regulate skin homeostasis through local production of insulin-like growth factor 1. Nat Immunol. 2005; 6: 73-79.
99. Jameson JM, Cauvi G, Sharp LL, et al. Gammadelta T cell-induced hyaluronan production by epithelial cells regulates inflammation. J Exp Med. 2005; 201: 1269-1279.
100. Skeen MJ, Freeman MM, Ziegler HK. Changes in peritoneal myeloid populations and their proinflammatory cytokine expression during infection with Listeria monocytogenes are altered in the absence of gamma/delta T cells. J Leukocyte Biol. 2004; 76: 104-115.
101. Schilbach KE, Geiselhart A, Wessels J T, et al. Human gammadelta T lymphocytes exert natural and IL-2-induced cytotoxicity to neuroblastoma cells. J Immunother. 2000; 23: 536-548.
102. Todaro M, D'Asarob M, Caccamo N, et al. Efficient killing of human colon cancer atem cells by gammadelta T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 2009; 182: 7287-7296.
103. D'Asaro M., La Mendola C, Di Liberto D, et al. V gamma 9V delta 2 T lymphocytes efficiently recognize and kill zoledronate-sensitized, imatinib-sensitive, and imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. J Immunol. 2010; 184: 3260-3268.
104. Chargui J, Combaret V, Scaglione V, et al. Bromohydrin pyrophosphate-stimulated Vgamma9delta2 T cells expanded ex vivo from patients with poor-prognosis neuroblastoma lyse autologous primary tumor cells. J Immunother. 2010; 33: 591-598.
105. Kato Y, Tanaka Y, Tanaka H, et al. Requirement of species-specific interactions for the activation of human gamma delta T cells by pamidronate. J Immunol. 2003; 170: 3608-3613.
106. Kato Y, Tanaka Y, Hayashi M, et al. Involvement of CD166 in the activation of human gamma delta T cells by tumor cells sensitized with nonpeptide antigens. J Immunol. 2006; 177: 877-884.
107. Li W, Kubo S, Okuda A, et al. Effect of IL-18 on expansion of gammadelta T cells stimulated by zoledronate and IL-2. J Immunother. 2010; 33: 287-296.
108. Laggner U, Di Meglio P, Perera GK, et al. Identification of a novel proinflammatory human skin-homing Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subset with a potential role in psoriasis. J Immunol. 2011; 187(5): 2783-2793.
109. Brandes M, Willimann K, Moser B. Professional antigen-presentation function by human gammadelta T Cells. Science. 2005; 309(5732): 264-268.
110. Li H, Luo K, Pauza CD. TNF-alpha is a positive regulatory factor for human Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells. J Immunol. 2008; 181: 7131-7137.
111. van den Broek MF, Muller U, et al. Immune defence in mice lacking type I and/or type II interferon receptors. Immunological Reviews. 1995; 148: 5-18.
112. Beetz S, Wesch D, Marischen L, et al. Innate immune functions of human gammadelta T cells. Immunobiology. 2008; 213: 173-182.
113. Spinozzi F, Agea E, Bistoni O, et al. Local expansion of allergen-specific CD30+Th2-type gamma delta T cells in bronchial asthma. Mol Med. 1995; 1: 821-826.
114. Rhodes KA, Andrew EM, Newton DJ, et al. A subset of IL-10-producing gammadelta T cells protect the liver from Listeria-elicited, CD8 (+) T cell-mediated injury. Eur J Immunol. 2008; 8: 2274-2283.
115. Jensen KD, Su X, Shin S, et al. Thymic selection determines gammadelta T cell effector fate: antigen-naive cells make interleukin-17 and antigen-experienced cells make interferon gamma. Immunity. 2008; 29: 90-100.
116. Wu XL, Zhang JY, Huang A, et al. Decreased Vδ2γδ T cells associate with liver damage through regulating Th17 response in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Infect Dis. 2013; doi: 10. 1093/infdis/jit312.
117. Monforte A, Abrams D, Pradier C, et al. HIV-induced immunodeficiency and mortality from AIDS-defining and non-AIDS-defining malignancies. AIDS. 2008; 22: 2143-2153.
118. Salavoura K, Kolialexi A, Tsangaris G, et al. Development of cancer in patients with primary immunodeficiencies. Anticancer Research. 2008; 28: 1263-1269.
119. Waldmann TA. Immunotherapy: past, present and future. Nature Medicine. 2003; 9: 269-277.
120. Cordova A, Toia F, La Mendola C, et al. Characterization of human γδ T lymphocytes infiltrating primary malignant melanomas. PLoS One. 2012; 7(11): e49878.
121. Gomes AQ, Correia DV, Grosso AR, et al. Identification of a panel of ten cell surface protein antigens associated with immunotargeting of leukemias and lymphomas by peripheral blood gamma delta T cells. Haematologica. 2010; 95: 1397-1404.
122. Liu Z, Guo BL, Gehrs BC, et al. Ex vivo expanded human Vgamma9Vdelta2 gammadelta-T cells mediate innate antitumor activity against human prostate cancer cells in vitro. J Urol. 2005; 173: 1552-1556.
123. Saito A, Narita M, Yokoyama A, et al. Enhancement of anti-tumor cytotoxicity of expanded gammadelta T cells by stimulation with monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Clin Exp Hematop. 2007; 47: 61-72.
124. Ferrarini M, Pupa SM, Zocchi MR, et al. Distinct pattern of HSP72 and monomeric laminin receptor expression in human lung cancers infiltrated by gamma/delta T lymphocytes. Int J Cancer. 1994; 57: 486-490.
125. Choudhary A, Davodeau F, Moreau A, et al. Selective lysis of autologous tumor cells by recurrent gamma delta tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from renal carcinoma. J Immunol. 1995; 154: 3932-3940.
126. Dhar S, Chiplunkar SV. Lysis of aminobisphosphonate-sensitized MCF-7 breast tumor cells by Vγ9Vδ2 cells. Cancer Immun. 2010; 10: 10.
127. Lamb LS Jr, Henslee-Downey PJ, Parrish RS, et al. Increased frequency of TCR γδ+ T cells in disease-free survivors following T cell-depleted, partially mismatched, related donor bone marrow transplantation for leukemia. J Hematother. 1996; 5: 503-509.
128. Viey E, Fromont G, Escudier B, et al. Phosphostim-activated gamma delta T cells kill autologous metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Immunol. 2005; 174: 1338-1347.
129. Sugie T, Murata-Hirai K, Iwasaki M, et al. Zoledronic acid-induced expansion of γδ T cells from early-stage breast cancer patients: effect of IL-18 on helper NK cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2013; 62: 677-687.
130. Liotta LA, Kohn EC. The microenvironment of the tumour-host interface. Nature. 2001; 411: 375-379.
131. Brandes M, Willimann K, Bioley G, et al. Cross-presenting human gammadelta T cells induce robust CD8+ alpha beta T cell responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009; 106: 2307-2312.
132. Kabelitz D, Wesch D. Features and functions of gammadelta T lymphocytes: focus on chemokines and their receptors. Crit Rev Immunol. 2003; 23: 339-370.
133. Bennouna J, Bompas E, Neidhardt EM, et al. Phase-I study of Innacell gammadelta, an autologous cell-therapy product highly enriched in gamma9delta2 T lymphocytes, in combination with IL-2, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2008; 57: 1599-1609.
134. Dokouhaki P, Han M, Joe B, et al. Adoptive immunotherapy of cancer using ex vivo expanded human γδ T cells: A new approach. Cancer Lett. 2010; 297: 126-136.
135. Kikuchi E, Yamazaki K, Torigoe T, et al. HLA class I antigen expression is associated with a favorable prognosis in early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci. 2007; 98: 1424-1430.
136. Meraviglia S, Eberl M, Vermijlen D, et al. In vivo manipulation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with zoledronate and low-dose interleukin-2 for immunotherapy of advanced breast cancer patients. Clin Exp Immunol. 2010; 161: 290-297.
137. Kobayashi H, Tanaka Y, Shimmura H, et al. Complete remission of lung metastasis following adoptive immunotherapy using activated autologous gammadelta T-cells in a patient with renal cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2010; 30: 575-579.
138. Wilhelm M, Kunzmann V, Eckstein S, et al. γδ T cells for immune therapy of patients with lymphoid malignancies. Blood. 2003; 102: 200-206.
139. Corvaisier M, Moreau-Aubry A, Diez E, et al. V gamma 9 V delta 2 T cell response to colon carcinoma cells. J Immunol. 2005; 175: 5481-5488.
140. Marten A, Lilienfeld-Toal M, Buchler MW, et al. Zoledronic acid has direct antiproliferative and antimetastatic effect on pancreatic carcinoma cells and acts as an antigen for delta2 gamma/delta T cells. J Immunother. 2007; 30: 370-377.
141. Lalor SJ, Dungan LS, Sutton CE, et al. Caspase-1-processed cytokines IL-1b and IL-18 promote IL-17 production by γδ and CD4 T cells that mediate autoimmunity. J Immunol. 2011; 186: 5738-5748.
142. Fink DR, Holm D, Schlosser A, et al. Elevated numbers of SCART11 gammadelta T cells in skin inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease. Mol Immunol. 2010; 47: 1710-1718.
143. Murdoch JR, Lloyd CM. Resolution of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity is mediated by IL-17 producing γδ T cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010; 182: 464-476.
144. Qin G, Mao H, Zheng J, et al. Phosphoantigen-expanded human gammadelta T cells display potent cytotoxicity against monocyte-derived macrophages infected with human and avian influenza viruses. J Infect Dis. 2009; 200: 858-865.
145. Qin G, Liu Y, Zheng J, et al. Type 1 responses of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to influenza A viruses. J Virol. 2011; 85(19): 10109-10116.
146. Tu W, Zheng J, Liu Y, et al. The aminobisphosphonate pamidronate controls influenza pathogenesis by expanding a gammadelta T cell population in humanized mice. J Exp Med. 2011; 208(7): 1511-1522.
147. Fujishima N, Hirokawa M, Fujishima M, et al. Skewed T cell receptor repertoire of Vδ1+ T lymphocytes after human allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the potential role for Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells in clonal restriction. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007; 149: 70-79.
148. Agrati C, Alonzi T, De Santis R, et al. Activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by non-peptidic antigens induces the inhibition of subgenomic HCV replication. Int Immunol. 2006; 18: 11-18.
149. Tikhonov I, Deetz CO, Paca R, et al. Human Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells contain cytoplasmic RANTES. Int Immunol. 2006; 18: 1243-1251.
150. Fang H, Welte T, Zheng X, et al. Gamma delta T cells promote the maturation of dendritic cells during West Nile virus infection. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2010; 59: 71-80.
151. Knight A, Madrigal AJ, Grace S, et al. The role of Vdelta2-negative gamma-delta T cells during cytomegalovirus reactivation in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplants. Blood. 2010; 116: 2164-2172.
152. Devaud C, Bilhere E, Loizon S, et al. Antitumor activity of T cells reactive against cytomegalovirus-infected cells in a mouse xenograft tumor model. Cancer Res. 2009; 69: 3971-3978.
153. Sciammas R, Bluestone JA. TCR gamma delta cells and viruses. Microbes Infect. 1999; 1: 203-212.
154. Chen Z, Freedman MS. CD16+ gamma delta T cells mediate antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity: potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol. 2008; 128: 219-227.
155. Riedel DJ, Sajadi MM, Armstrong CL, et al. Natural viral suppressors of HIV-1 have a unique capacity to maintain gammadelta T cells. AIDS. 2009; 23: 1955-1964.
156. Poccia F, Gioia C, Martini F, et al. Zoledronic acid and interleukin-2 treatment improves immunocompetence in HIV-infected persons by activating Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells. AIDS. 2009; 23: 555-565.
157. de Paoli P, Gennari D, Martelli P, et al. Gammadelta T cell receptor-bearing lymphocytes during Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Infect Dis. 1990; 161: 1013-1016.
158. Tseng CT, Miskovsky E, Houghton M, et al. Characterization of liver T-cell receptor gammadelta T cells obtained from individuals chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV): evidence for these T cells playing a role in the liver pathology associated with HCV infections. Hepatology. 2001; 33: 1312-1320.
159. Kroca M, Johansson A, Sjöstedt A, et al. V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells in human legionellosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2001; 8(5): 949-954.
160. Xu S, Han Y, Xu X, et al. IL-17A-producing γδ T cells promote CTL responses against Listeria monocyto genes infection by enhancing dendritic cell cross-presentation. J Immunol. 2010; 185: 5879-5887.
161. Egan CE, Dalton JE, Andrew EM, et al. A requirement for the Vgamma1+ subset of peripheral gammadelta T cells in the control of the systemic growth of Toxoplasma gondii and infection-induced pathology. J Immunol. 2005; 175: 8191-8199.
162. Costa G, Loizon S, Guenot M, et al. Control of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic cycle: γδ T cells target the red blood cell-invasive merozoites. Blood. 2011; 118(26): 6952-6962.
163. Su D, Shen M, Li X, et al. Roles of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Clin Dev Immunol. 2013; 2013: 985753.
164. Hu C, Qian L, Miao Y, et al. Antigen-presenting effects of effector memory Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Mol Immunol. 2012; 9(3): 245-254.
165. Li X, Kang N, Zhang X, et al. Generation of human regulatory gammadelta T cells by TCR gammadelta stimulation in the presence of TGF-beta and their involvement in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol. 2011; 186(12): 6693-700.
166. Ponomarev ED, Dittel BN. Gamma delta T cells regulate the extent and duration of inflammation in the central nervous system by a Fas ligand-dependent mechanism. J Immunol. 2005; 174(8): 4678-4687.
167. Cairo C, Arabito E, Landi F, et al. Analysis of circulating gammadelta T cells in children affected by IgE-associated and non-IgE-associated allergic atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol. 2005; 141(1): 116-121.
168. Zhang L, Liu J, Wang E, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus protects against the subsequent development of ovalbumin-induced allergicresponses by inhibiting Th2-type γδ T cells. J Med Virol. 2013; 85(1): 149-156.
169. Svensson L, Lilliehook B, Larsson R, et al. Gamma/delta T cells contribute to the systemic immunoglobulin E response and local B cell reactivity in allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation. Immunology. 2003; 108: 98-108.
170. de Oliveira Henriques MD, Penido C. γδ T Lymphocytes Coordinate Eosinophil Influx during Allergic Responses. Front Pharmacol. 2012; 3: 200.
171. Pawankar R. γδ T cells in allergic airway diseases. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000; 30: 318-323.
172. Pawankar R, Okuda M, Suzuki K, et al. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of nasal mucosal γδ T cells in allergic and infectious rhinitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996; 153: 1655-1665.
173. Sicard H, Ingoure S, Luciani B, et al. In vivo immunomanipulation of vgamma9vdelta2 T cells with a synthetic phosphoantigen in a preclinical nonhuman primate model. J Immunol. 2005; 175: 5471-5480.
174. Shojaei H, Oberg H. H, Juricke M, et al. Toll-like receptors 3 and 7 agonists enhance tumor cell lysis by human gammadelta T cells. Cancer Research. 2009; 69: 8710-8717.
175. Gertner-Dardenne J, Bonnafous C, Bezombes C, et al. Bromohydrin pyrophosphate enhances antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity induced by therapeutic antibodies. Blood. 2009; 113: 4875-4884.