Emerging strategies to deplete the HIV reservoir

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 29-35

  Archin, Nancie M ^a   Margolis, David M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

cure; HIV; latency; reactivation; reservoirs

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; BRYOSTATIN; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS VACCINE; PROSTRATIN; PROTEIN KINASE C ACTIVATOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

DISEASE CARRIER; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INFECTION CONTROL; INFECTION PREVENTION; LATENT PERIOD; REVIEW; VIRAL CLEARANCE; VIRUS REACTIVATION;

ANTI-HIV AGENTS; DISEASE RESERVOIRS; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; VIRUS LATENCY;

EID: 84891827613     PISSN: 09517375     EISSN: 14736527     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000026     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. UNAIDS world AIDS day 2012 report. November 20th, 2012 Press Release. http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/publications/2012/name,76120,en.asp
2. Vidal F, Gutierrez F, Gutierrez M, et al. Pharmacogenetics of adverse effects due to antiretroviral drugs. AIDS Rev 2010; 12:15-30.
3. Allers K, Hutter G, Hofmann J, et al. Evidence for the cure of HIV infection by ccr5delta32/delta32 stem cell transplantation. Blood 2011; 117:2791-2799.
4. Persaud D, Gay H, Ziemniak C, et al. Absence of detectable HIV-1 viremia after treatment cessation in an infant. N Engl J Med 2013; 23:23.
5. Soriano-Sarabia N, Archin N, Margolis D. Study of transitional memory CD4\+ T cells and G/D T cells as latent reservoirs for replication competent HIV-1 [abstract]. In: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 2013, Atlanta, GA.
6. Chun TW, Finzi D, Margolick J, et al. In vivo fate of HIV-1-infected T cells: quantitative analysis of the transition to stable latency. Nat Med 1995; 1:1284-1290.
7. Chun TW, Stuyver L, Mizell SB, et al. Presence of an inducible HIV-1 latent reservoir during highly active antiretroviral therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94:13193-13197. (Pubitemid 27518498)
8. Finzi D, Hermankova M, Pierson T, et al. Identification of a reservoir for HIV-1 in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Science 1997; 278:1295-1300. (Pubitemid 27495742)
9. Wong JK, Hezareh M, Gunthard HF, et al. Recovery of replication-competent HIV despite prolonged suppression of plasma viremia. Science 1997; 278:1291-1295. (Pubitemid 27495741)
10. Sanchez G, Xu X, Chermann JC, Hirsch I. Accumulation of defective viral genomes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals. J Virol 1997; 71:2233-2240. (Pubitemid 27078604)
11. Kieffer TL, Kwon P, Nettles RE, et al. G!A hypermutation in protease and reverse transcriptase regions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 residing in resting CD4\+ T cells in vivo. J Virol 2005; 79:1975-1980. (Pubitemid 40459148)
12. Eriksson S, Graf EH, Dahl V, et al. Comparative analysis of measures of viral reservoirs in HIV-1 eradication studies. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003174.
13. Barton KM, Burch BD, Soriano-Sarabia N, Margolis DM. Prospects for treatment of latent HIV. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 93:46-56.
14. Van Lint C, Bouchat S, Marcello A. HIV-1 transcription and latency: an update. Retrovirology 2013; 10:1742-4690.
15. Sherrill-Mix S, Lewinski MK, Famiglietti M, et al. HIV latency and integration site placement in five cell-based models. Retrovirology 2013; 10:90.
16. Karn J. The molecular biology of HIV latency: breaking and restoring the Tat-dependent transcriptional circuit. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2011; 6:4-11.
17. Ott M, Geyer M, Zhou Q. The control of HIV transcription: keeping RNA polymerase II on track. Cell Host Microbe 2011; 10:426-435.
18. Boehm D, Conrad RJ, Ott M. Bromodomain proteins in HIV infection. Viruses 2013; 5:1571-1586.
19. Bartholomeeusen K, Xiang Y, Fujinaga K, Peterlin BM. Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) bromodomain inhibition activate transcription via transient release of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) from 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36609-36616.
20. Boehm D, Calvanese V, Dar RD, et al. Bet bromodomain-targeting compounds reactivate HIV from latency via a Tat-independent mechanism. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:452-462.
21. Zhu J, Gaiha GD, John SP, et al. Reactivation of latent HIV-1 by inhibition of BRD4. Cell Rep 2012; 2:807-816.
22. Li Z, Guo J, Wu Y, Zhou Q. The BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 activates HIV latency through antagonizing BRD4 inhibition of Tat-transactivation. Nucl Acids Res 2013; 41:277-287.
23. Banerjee C, Archin N, Michaels D, et al. BET bromodomain inhibition as a novel strategy for reactivation of HIV-1. J Leukocyte Biol 2012; 92:1147-1154.
24. Karn J. A new BET on the control of HIV latency. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:545-546.
25. Fernandez G, Zaikos TD, Khan SZ, et al. Targeting IkappaB proteins for HIV latency activation: the role of individual IkappaB and NF-kappaB proteins. J Virol 2013; 87:3966-3978.
26. Memet S, Laouini D, Epinat JC, et al. IkappaBepsilon-deficient mice: reduction of one T cell precursor subspecies and enhanced Ig isotype switching and cytokine synthesis. J Immunol 1999; 163:5994-6005.
27. Gustafson KR, Cardellina JH 2nd, McMahon JB, et al. A nonpromoting phorbol from the samoan medicinal plant Homalanthus nutans inhibits cell killing by HIV-1. J Med Chem 1992; 35:1978-1986.
28. Trushin SA, Bren GD, Asin S, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus reactivation by phorbol esters or T-cell receptor ligation requires both PKCalpha and PKCtheta. J Virol 2005; 79:9821-9830. (Pubitemid 41022324)
29. Kulkosky J, Culnan DM, Roman J, et al. Prostratin: activation of latent HIV-1 expression suggests a potential inductive adjuvant therapy for HAART. Blood 2001; 98:3006-3015.
30. Rullas J, Bermejo M, Garcia-Perez J, et al. Prostratin induces HIV activation and downregulates HIV receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Antivir Ther 2004; 9:545-554. (Pubitemid 39150212)
31. Beans EJ, Fournogerakis D, Gauntlett C, et al. Highly potent, synthetically accessible prostratin analogs induce latent HIV expression in vitro and ex vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013; 110:11698-11703.
32. Williams SA, Chen LF, Kwon H, et al. Prostratin antagonizes HIV latency by activating NF-kappaB. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:42008-42017. (Pubitemid 39313652)
33. Barr PM, Lazarus HM, Cooper BW, et al. Phase II study of bryostatin 1 and vincristine for aggressive nonHodgkin lymphoma relapsing after an autologous stem cell transplant. Am J Hematol 2009; 84:484-487.
34. Schaufelberger DE, Koleck MP, Beutler JA, et al. The large-scale isolation of bryostatin 1 from Bugula neritina following current good manufacturing practices. J Nat Prod 1991; 54:1265-1270.
35. DeChristopher BA, Loy BA, Marsden MD, et al. Designed, synthetically accessible bryostatin analogues potently induce activation of latent HIV reservoirs in vitro. Nat Chem 2012; 4:705-710.
36. Choudhary SK, Margolis DM. Curing HIV: pharmacologic approaches to target HIV-1 latency. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 51:397-418.
37. Archin NM, Liberty AL, Kashuba AD, et al. Administration of vorinostat disrupts HIV-1 latency in patients on antiretroviral therapy. Nature 2012; 487:482-485.
38. Shan L, Deng K, Shroff NS, et al. Stimulation of HIV-1-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes facilitates elimination of latent viral reservoir after virus reactivation. Immunity 2012; 36:491-501.
39. Porichis F, Kaufmann DE. HIV-specific CD4 T cells and immune control of viral replication. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2011; 6:174-180.
40. Theze J, Chakrabarti LA, Vingert B, et al. HIV controllers: a multifactorial phenotype of spontaneous viral suppression. Clin Immunol 2011; 141:15-30.
41. Casazza JP, Bowman KA, Adzaku S, et al. Therapeutic vaccination expands and improves the function of the HIV-specific memory T-cell repertoire. J Infect Dis 2013; 207:1829-1840.
42. Nicolette C. Design and development considerations for immune augmentation to assist in virus eradication [abstract]. In: Towards an HIV Cure: IAS 2013 Symposium, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2013.
43. Graf EH, Pace MJ, Peterson BA, et al. Gag-positive reservoir cells are susceptible to HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated clearance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71879.
44. Saez-Cirion A, Bacchus C, Hocqueloux L, et al. Posttreatment HIV-1 controllers with a long-term virological remission after the interruption of early initiated antiretroviral therapy: ANRS VISCONTI study. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003211.
45. Chun TW, Justement JS, Murray D, et al. Rebound of plasma viremia following cessation of antiretroviral therapy despite profoundly low levels of HIV reservoir: implications for eradication. AIDS 2010; 24:2803-2808.