Receptor heteromers in Parkinson's disease and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia

CNS and Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets

Volumn 12, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 1101-1113

  Fiorentini, Chiara ^a   Savoia, Paola ^a   Savoldi, Daria ^a   Missale, Cristina ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRESCIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Dopamine receptors; Dyskinesia; G protein coupled receptors; Glutamate; L DOPA; Parkinson's disease; Receptor hererodimerization

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTOR; ADENOSINE RECEPTOR; AMANTADINE; CYCLIC AMP; CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; DOPAMINE 1 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 3 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 4 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR KINASE 6; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR; HETERODIMER; ISTRADEFYLLINE; LEVODOPA; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN; MESSENGER RNA; METABOTROPIC RECEPTOR 5; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR 1; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR 2A; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR 2B; PHOSPHOPROTEIN DARPP 32; POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY PROTEIN 95; TOZADENANT; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ARTICLE; BIOLUMINESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; CORPUS STRIATUM; DIMERIZATION; DYSKINESIA; FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER; HUMAN; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NONHUMAN; PARKINSON DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; ANIMAL; DYSKINESIA, DRUG-INDUCED; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN MULTIMERIZATION;

ANIMALS; DYSKINESIA, DRUG-INDUCED; HUMANS; LEVODOPA; PARKINSON DISEASE; PROTEIN MULTIMERIZATION; RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE;

EID: 84891692302     PISSN: 18715273     EISSN: 19963181     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (178)

1. Kemp, J.M.; Powell, T.P. The synaptic organization of the caudate nucleus. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Ser. B. Biol. Sci., 1971, 262, 403-412.
2. Bolam, J.P.; Powell, J.F.; Wu, J.Y.; Smith, A.D. Glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive structures in the rat neostriatum: a correlated light and electron microscopic study including a combination of Golgi impregnation with immunocytochemistry. J. Comp. Neurol., 1985, 237, 1-20.
3. Bolam, J.P.; Smith, Y. The GABA and substance P input to dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra of the rat. Brain Res., 1990, 529, 57-78.
4. Adriani, W.; Felici, A.; Sargolini, F.; Roullet, P.; Usiello, A.; Oliverio, A.; Mele A. N-methyl-D-aspartate and dopamine receptor involvement in the modulation of locomotor activity and memory processes. Experimental brain research. Exp. Hirnforsch. Exp. Cer., 1998, 123, 52-59.
5. Robbins, T.W.; Everitt, B.J. Neurobehavioural mechanisms of reward and motivation. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 1996, 6, 228-236.
6. Kauer, J.A.; Malenka, R.C. Synaptic plasticity and addiction. Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 2007, 8, 844-858.
7. Nicola, S.M.; Surmeier, J.; Malenka, R.C. Dopaminergic modulation of neuronal excitability in the striatum and nucleus accumbens. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 2000, 23, 185-215.
8. Gerfen, C.R.; Engber, T.M. Molecular neuroanatomic mechanisms of Parkinson's disease: a proposed therapeutic approach. Neurol. Clin., 1992, 10, 435-449.
9. Missale, C.; Nash, S.R.; Robinson, S.W.; Jaber, M.; Caron, M.G. Dopamine receptors: from structure to function. Physiol. Rev., 1998, 78, 189-225.
10. Le Moine, C.; Bloch, B. D1 and D2 dopamine receptor gene expression in the rat striatum: sensitive cRNA probes demonstrate prominent segregation of D1 and D2 mRNAs in distinct neuronal populations of the dorsal and ventral striatum. J. Comp. Neurol., 1995, 355, 418-426.
11. Surmeier, D.J.; Ding, J.; Day, M.; Wang, Z.; Shen, W. D1 and D2 dopamine-receptor modulation of striatal glutamatergic signaling in striatal medium spiny neurons. Trends Neurosci., 2007, 30, 228-235.
12. Dingledine, R.; Borges, K.; Bowie, D.; Traynelis, S.F. The glutamate receptor ion channels. Pharmacol. Rev., 1999, 51, 7-61.
13. Ferraguti, F.; Shigemoto, R. Metabotropic glutamate receptors. Cell Tissue Res., 2006, 326, 483-504.
14. Kennedy, M.B. Signal-processing machines at the postsynaptic density. Science, 2000, 290, 750-754.
15. Cull-Candy, S.; Brickley, S.; Farrant, M. NMDA receptor subunits: diversity, development and disease. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 2001, 11, 327-335.
16. Kopp, C.; Longordo, F.; Luthi, A. Experience-dependent changes in NMDA receptor composition at mature central synapses. Neuropharmacology, 2007, 53, 1-9.
17. Chen, B.S.; Roche, K.W. Regulation of NMDA receptors by phosphorylation. Neuropharmacology, 2007, 53, 362-368.
18. Hollmann, M.; Heinemann, S. Cloned glutamate receptors. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 1994, 17, 31-108.
19. Zukin, R.S.; Bennett, M.V. Alternatively spliced isoforms of the NMDARI receptor subunit. Trends Neurosci., 1995, 18, 306-313.
20. Sugihara, H.; Moriyoshi, K.; Ishii, T.; Masu, M.; Nakanishi, S. Structures and properties of seven isoforms of the NMDA receptor generated by alternative splicing. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1992, 185, 826-832.
21. Holmes, K.D.; Mattar, P.A.; Marsh, D.R.; Weaver, L.C.; Dekaban, G.A. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor splice variant NR1-4 Cterminal domain. Deletion analysis and role in subcellular distribution. J. Biol. Chem., 2002, 277, 1457-1468.
22. Schiffmann, S.N.; Fisone, G.; Moresco, R.; Cunha, R.A.; Ferre, S. Adenosine A2A receptors and basal ganglia physiology. Prog. Neurobiol., 2007, 83, 277-292.
23. Herkenham, M.; Lynn, A.B.; Johnson, M.R.; Melvin, L.S.; de Costa, B.R.; Rice, K.C. Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: a quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study. J. Neurosci., 1991, 11, 563-583.
24. Gray, A.C.; Coupar, I.M.; White, P.J. Comparison of opioid receptor distributions in the rat ileum. Life Sci., 2006, 78, 1610-1616.
25. Barroso-Chinea, P.; Bezard, E. Basal Ganglia circuits underlying the pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Front. Neuroanat., 2010, 4, pii 131.
26. Iravani, M.M.; Jenner, P. Mechanisms underlying the onset and expression of levodopa-induced dyskinesia and their pharmacological manipulation. J. Neural Transm., 2011, 118, 1661-1690.
27. Feyder, M.; Bonito-Oliva, A.; Fisone, G. L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia and Abnormal Signaling in Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons: Focus on Dopamine D1 Receptor-Mediated Transmission. Front. Behav. Neurosci., 2011, 5, 71.
28. Dunah, A.W.; Wang, Y.; Yasuda, R.P.; Kameyama, K.; Huganir, R.L.; Wolfe, B.B.; Standaert, D.G. Alterations in subunit expression, composition, and phosphorylation of striatal N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors in a rat 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease. Mol. Pharmacol., 2000, 57, 342-352.
29. Oh, J.D.; Russell, D.S.; Vaughan, C.L.; Chase, T.N. Enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of striatal NMDA receptor subunits: effect of dopaminergic denervation and L-DOPA administration. Brain Res., 1998, 813, 150-159.
30. Calon, F.; Di Paolo, T. Levodopa response motor complications--GABA receptors and preproenkephalin expression in human brain. Parkinson. Relat. Disord., 2002, 8, 449-454.
31. Hallett, P.J.; Dunah, A.W.; Ravenscroft, P.; Zhou, S.; Bezard, E.; Crossman, A.R.; Brotchie, J.M.; Standaert, D.G. Alterations of striatal NMDA receptor subunits associated with the development of dyskinesia in the MPTP-lesioned primate model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology, 2005, 48, 503-516.
32. Fiorentini, C.; Rizzetti, M.C.; Busi, C.; Bontempi, S.; Collo, G.; Spano, P.; Missale, C. Loss of synaptic D1 dopamine/N-methyl-Daspartate glutamate receptor complexes in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the rat. Mol. Pharmacol., 2006, 69, 805-812.
33. Gardoni, F.; Picconi, B.; Ghiglieri, V.; Polli, F.; Bagetta, V.; Bernardi, G.; Cattabeni, F.; Di Luca, M.; Calabresi, P. A critical interaction between NR2B and MAGUK in L-DOPA induced dyskinesia. J. Neurosci., 2006, 26, 2914-2922.
34. Zeng, B.Y.; Pearce, R.K.; MacKenzie, G.M.; Jenner, P. Alterations in preproenkephalin and adenosine-2a receptor mRNA, but not preprotachykinin mRNA correlate with occurrence of dyskinesia in normal monkeys chronically treated with L-DOPA. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2000, 12, 1096-1104.
35. Gerfen, C.R.; Miyachi, S.; Paletzki, R.; Brown, P. D1 dopamine receptor supersensitivity in the dopamine-depleted striatum results from a switch in the regulation of ERK1/2/MAP kinase. J. Neurosci., 2002, 22, 5042-5054.
36. Costa-Mattioli, M.; Sossin, W.S.; Klann, E.; Sonenberg, N. Translational control of long-lasting synaptic plasticity and memory. Neuron, 2009, 61, 10-26.
37. Santini, E.; Valjent, E.; Fisone, G. mTORC1 signaling in Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia: A sensitized matter. Cell Cycle, 2010, 9, 2713-2718.
38. Aubert, I.; Guigoni, C.; Hakansson, K.; Li, Q.; Dovero, S.; Barthe, N.; Bioulac, B.H.; Gross, C.E.; Fisone, G.; Bloch, B.; Bezard, E. Increased D1 dopamine receptor signaling in levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Ann. Neurol., 2005, 57, 17-26.
39. Andersson, M.; Hilbertson, A.; Cenci, M.A. Striatal fosB expression is causally linked with l-DOPA-induced abnormal involuntary movements and the associated upregulation of striatal prodynorphin mRNA in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol. Dis., 1999, 6, 461-474.
40. Picconi, B.; Centonze, D.; Hakansson, K.; Bernardi, G.; Greengard, P.; Fisone, G.; Cenci, M.A.; Calabresi, P. Loss of bidirectional striatal synaptic plasticity in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Nat. Neurosci., 2003, 6, 501-506.
41. Corvol, J.C.; Muriel, M.P.; Valjent, E.; Feger, J.; Hanoun, N.; Girault, J.A.; Hirsch, E.C.; Hervé, D. Persistent increase in olfactory type G-protein alpha subunit levels may underlie D1 receptor functional hypersensitivity in Parkinson disease. J. Neurosci., 2004, 24, 7007-7014.
42. Pavon, N.; Martin, A.B.; Mendialdua, A.; Moratalla, R. ERK phosphorylation and FosB expression are associated with LDOPA-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian mice. Biol. Psychiatry, 2006, 59, 64-74.
43. Westin, J.E.; Vercammen, L.; Strome, E.M.; Konradi, C.; Cenci, M.A. Spatiotemporal pattern of striatal ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a rat model of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and the role of dopamine D1 receptors. Biol. Psychiatry, 2007, 62, 800-810.
44. Santini, E.; Valjent, E.; Usiello, A.; Carta, M.; Borgkvist, A.; Girault, J.A.; Hervé, D.; Greengard, P.; Fisone, G. Critical involvement of cAMP/DARPP-32 and extracellular signalregulated protein kinase signaling in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. J. Neurosci., 2007, 27, 6995-7005.
45. Lefkowitz, R.J.; Shenoy, S.K. Transduction of receptor signals by beta-arrestins. Science, 2005, 308, 512-517.
46. Ahmed, M.R.; Berthet, A.; Bychkov, E.; Porras, G.; Li, Q.; Bioulac, B.H.; Carl, Y.T.; Bloch, B.; Kook, S.; Aubert, I.; Dovero, S.; Doudnikoff, E.; Gurevich, V.V.; Gurevich, E.V.; Bezard, E. Lentiviral overexpression of GRK6 alleviates L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in experimental Parkinson's disease. Sci. Transl. Med., 2010, 2, 28ra.
47. Manago, F.; Espinoza, S.; Salahpour, A.; Sotnikova, T.D.; Caron, M.G.; Premont, R.T.; Gainetdinov, R.R. The role of GRK6 in animal models of Parkinson's Disease and L-DOPA treatment. Sci. Rep., 2012, 2, 301.
48. Beaulieu, J.M.; Sotnikova, T.D.; Yao, W.D.; Kockeritz, L.; Woodgett, J.R.; Gainetdinov, R.R.; Caron, M.G. Lithium antagonizes dopamine-dependent behaviors mediated by an AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3 signaling cascade. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2004, 101, 5099-5104.
49. Beaulieu, J.M.; Sotnikova, T.D.; Marion, S.; Lefkowitz, R.J.; Gainetdinov, R.R.; Caron, M.G. An Akt/beta-arrestin 2/PP2A signaling complex mediates dopaminergic neurotransmission and behavior. Cell, 2005, 122, 261-273.
50. Bychkov, E.; Ahmed, M.R.; Dalby, K.N.; Gurevich, E.V. Dopamine depletion and subsequent treatment with L-DOPA, but not the long-lived dopamine agonist pergolide, enhances activity of the Akt pathway in the rat striatum. J. Neurochem., 2007, 102, 699-711.
51. Fuxe, K.; Agnati, L.F. Receptor-receptor interactions in the central nervous system. A new integrative mechanism in synapses. Med. Res. Rev., 1985, 5, 441-482.
52. Bouvier, M. Oligomerization of G-protein-coupled transmitter receptors. Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 2001, 2, 274-286.
53. Milligan, G. G-protein-coupled receptor heterodimers: pharmacology, function and relevance to drug discovery. Drug Discov. Today, 2006, 11, 541-549.
54. Fuxe, K.; Canals, M.; Torvinen, M.; Marcellino, D.; Terasmaa, A.; Genedani, S.; Leo, G.; Guidolin, D.; Diaz-Cabiale, Z.; Rivera, A.; Lundstrom, L.; Langel, U.; Narvaez, J.; Tanganelli, S.; Lluis, C.; Ferré, S.; Woods, A.; Franco, R.; Agnati, L.F. Intramembrane receptor-receptor interactions: a novel principle in molecular medicine. J. Neural Transm., 2007, 114, 49-75.
55. Waldhoer, M.; Fong, J.; Jones, R.M.; Lunzer, M.M.; Sharma, S.K.; Kostenis, E.; Portoghese, P.S.; Whistler, J.L. A heterodimerselective agonist shows in vivo relevance of G protein-coupled receptor dimers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 102, 9050-9055.
56. McGraw, D.W.; Mihlbachler, K.A.; Schwarb, M.R.; Rahman, F.F.; Small, K.M.; Almoosa, K.F.; Liggett SB. Airway smooth muscle prostaglandin-EP1 receptors directly modulate beta2-adrenergic receptors within a unique heterodimeric complex. J. Clin. Investig., 2006, 116, 1400-1409.
57. Carriba, P.; Ortiz, O.; Patkar, K.; Justinova, Z.; Stroik, J.; Themann, A.; Müller, C.; Woods, A.S.; Hope, B.T.; Ciruela, F.; Casadó, V.; Canela, E.I.; Lluis, C.; Goldberg, S.R.; Moratalla, R.; Franco, R.; Ferré, S. Striatal adenosine A2A and cannabinoid CB1 receptors form functional heteromeric complexes that mediate the motor effects of cannabinoids. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2007, 32, 2249-2259.
58. Gonzalez-Maeso, J.; Ang, R.L.; Yuen, T.; Chan, P.; Weisstaub, N.V.; Lopez-Gimenez, J.F.; Zhou, M.; Okawa, Y.; Callado, L.F.; Milligan, G.; Gingrich, J.A.; Filizola, M.; Meana, J.J.; Sealfon, S.C. Identification of a serotonin/glutamate receptor complex implicated in psychosis. Nature, 2008, 452, 93-97.
59. AbdAlla, S.; Lother, H.; el Massiery, A.; Quitterer, U. Increased AT (1) receptor heterodimers in preeclampsia mediate enhanced angiotensin II responsiveness. Nat. Med., 2001, 7, 1003-1009.
60. Leanos-Miranda, A.; Ulloa-Aguirre, A.; Janovick, J.A.; Conn, P.M. In vitro coexpression and pharmacological rescue of mutant gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors causing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans expressing compound heterozygous alleles. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2005, 90, 3001-3008.
61. Rashid, A.J.; So, C.H.; Kong, M.M.; Furtak, T.; El-Ghundi, M.; Cheng, R.; O'Dowd, B.F.; George, S.R. D1-D2 dopamine receptor heterooligomers with unique pharmacology are coupled to rapid activation of Gq/11 in the striatum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2007, 104, 654-659.
62. Fiorentini, C.; Busi, C.; Gorruso, E.; Gotti, C.; Spano, P.; Missale, C. Reciprocal regulation of dopamine D1 and D3 receptor function and trafficking by heterodimerization. Mol. Pharmacol., 2008, 74, 59-69.
63. Marcellino, D.; Ferre, S.; Casado, V.; Cortes, A.; Le Foll, B.; Mazzola, C.; Drago, F.; Saur, O.; Stark, H.; Soriano, A.; Barnes, C.; Goldberg, S.R.; Lluis, C.; Fuxe, K.; Franco, R. Identification of dopamine D1-D3 receptor heteromers. Indications for a role of synergistic D1-D3 receptor interactions in the striatum. J. Biol. Chem., 2008, 283, 26016-26025.
64. Gines, S.; Hillion, J.; Torvinen, M.; Le Crom, S.; Casado, V.; Canela, E.I.; Rondin, S.; Lew, J.Y.; Watson, S.; Zoli, M.; Agnati, L.F.; Verniera, P.; Lluis, C.; Ferré, S.; Fuxe, K.; Franco, R. Dopamine D1 and adenosine A1 receptors form functionally interacting heteromeric complexes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97, 8606-8611.
65. Lee, F.J.; Xue, S.; Pei, L.; Vukusic, B.; Chery, N.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.T.; Niznik, H.B.; Yu, X.M.; Liu, F. Dual regulation of NMDA receptor functions by direct protein-protein interactions with the dopamine D1 receptor. Cell, 2002, 111, 219-230.
66. Fiorentini, C.; Gardoni, F.; Spano, P.; Di Luca, M.; Missale, C. Regulation of dopamine D1 receptor trafficking and desensitization by oligomerization with glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 278, 20196-20202.
67. Scott, L.; Zelenin, S.; Malmersjo, S.; Kowalewski, J.M.; Markus, E.Z.; Nairn, A.C.; Greengard, P.; Brismar, H.; Aperia, A. Allosteric changes of the NMDA receptor trap diffusible dopamine 1 receptors in spines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2006, 103, 762-767.
68. Scarselli, M.; Novi, F.; Schallmach, E.; Lin, R.; Baragli, A.; Colzi, A.; Griffon, N.; Corsini, G.U.; Sokoloff, P.; Levenson, R.; Vogel, Z.; Maggio, R. D2/D3 dopamine receptor heterodimers exhibit unique functional properties. J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 30308-30314.
69. Canals, M.; Marcellino, D.; Fanelli, F.; Cirulea, F.; de Benedetti, P.; Goldberg, S.R.; Neve, K.; Fuxe, K.; Agnati, L.F.; Woods, A.S.; Ferré, S.; Lluis, C.; Bouvier, M.; Franco, R. Adenosine A2Adopamine D2 receptor-receptor interaction heterodimerization: qualitative and quantitative assessment by fluorescence and bioluminescence energy transfer. J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 278, 46741-46749.
70. Devi, L.A. Heterodimerization of G-protein-coupled receptors: pharmacology, signaling and trafficking. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2001, 22, 532-537.
71. Angers, S.; Salahpour, A.; Bouvier, M. Dimerization: an emerging concept for G protein-coupled receptor ontogeny and function. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2002, 42, 409-435.
72. Lau, C.G.; Zukin, R.S. NMDA receptor trafficking in synaptic plasticity and neuropsychiatric disorders. Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 2007, 8, 413-426.
73. Hara, Y.; Pickel, V.M. Overlapping intracellular and differential synaptic distributions of dopamine D1 and glutamate N-methyl-Daspartate receptors in rat nucleus accumbens. J. Comp. Neurol., 2005, 492, 442-455.
74. Calabresi, P.; Gubellini, P.; Centonze, D.; Picconi, B.; Bernardi, G.; Chergui, K.; Svenningsson, P.; Fienberg, A.A.; Greengard, P. Dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 32 kDa controls both striatal long-term depression and long-term potentiation, opposing forms of synaptic plasticity. J. Neurosci., 2000, 20, 8443-8451.
75. Cepeda, C.; Levine, M.S. Dopamine and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor interactions in the neostriatum. Dev. Neurosci., 1998, 20, 1-18.
76. Flores-Hernandez, J.; Cepeda, C.; Hernandez-Echeagaray, E.; Calvert, C.R.; Jokel, E.S.; Fienberg, A.A.; Greengard, P.; Levine, M.S. Dopamine enhancement of NMDA currents in dissociated medium-sized striatal neurons: role of D1 receptors and DARPP-32. J. Neurophysiol., 2002, 88, 3010-3020.
77. Dunah, A.W.; Standaert, D.G. Dopamine D1 receptor-dependent trafficking of striatal NMDA glutamate receptors to the postsynaptic membrane. J. Neurosci., 2001, 21, 5546-5558.
78. Dunah, A.W.; Sirianni, A.C.; Fienberg, A.A.; Bastia, E.; Schwarzschild, M.A.; Standaert, D.G. Dopamine D1-dependent trafficking of striatal N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors requires Fyn protein tyrosine kinase but not DARPP-32. Mol. Pharmacol., 2004, 65, 121-129.
79. Scott, L.; Kruse, M.S.; Forssberg, H.; Brismar, H.; Greengard, P.; Aperia, A. Selective up-regulation of dopamine D1 receptors in dendritic spines by NMDA receptor activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, 99, 1661-1664.
80. Salter, M.W.; Kalia, L.V. Src kinases: a hub for NMDA receptor regulation. Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 2004, 5, 317-328.
81. Wang, J.Q.; Liu, X.; Zhang, G.; Parelkar, N.K.; Arora, A.; Haines, M.; Fibuch, E.E.; Mao, L. Phosphorylation of glutamate receptors: a potential mechanism for the regulation of receptor function and psychostimulant action. J. Neurosci. Res., 2006, 84, 1621-1629.
82. Levine, M.S.; Altemus, K.L.; Cepeda, C.; Cromwell, H.C.; Crawford, C.; Ariano, M.A.; Drago, J.; Sibley, D.R.; Westphal, H. Modulatory actions of dopamine on NMDA receptor-mediated responses are reduced in D1A-deficient mutant mice. J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci., 1996, 16, 5870-5882.
83. Greengard, P. The neurobiology of dopamine signaling. Biosci. Rep., 2001, 21, 247-269.
84. Cepeda, C.; Buchwald, N.A.; Levine, M.S. Neuromodulatory actions of dopamine in the neostriatum are dependent upon the excitatory amino acid receptor subtypes activated. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1993, 90, 9576-9580.
85. Chen, G.; Greengard, P.; Yan, Z. Potentiation of NMDA receptor currents by dopamine D1 receptors in prefrontal cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2004, 101, 2596-600.
86. Pascoli, V.; Besnard, A.; Herve, D.; Pages, C.; Heck, N.; Girault, J.A.; Caboche, J.; Vanhoutte, P. Cyclic adenosine monophosphateindependent tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2B mediates cocaineinduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Biol. Psychiatry, 2011, 69, 218-227.
87. Pei, L.; Lee, F.J.; Moszczynska, A.; Vukusic, B.; Liu, F. Regulation of dopamine D1 receptor function by physical interaction with the NMDA receptors. J. Neurosci., 2004, 24, 1149-1158.
88. Triller, A.; Choquet, D. Surface trafficking of receptors between synaptic and extrasynaptic membranes: and yet they do move. Trends Neurosci., 2005, 28, 133-139.
89. Kennedy, M.J.; Ehlers, M.D. Organelles and trafficking machinery for postsynaptic plasticity. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 2006, 29, 325-362.
90. Yao, W.D.; Spealman, R.D.; Zhang, J. Dopaminergic signaling in dendritic spines. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2008, 75, 2055-2069.
91. Gainetdinov, R.R.; Premont, R.T.; Bohn, L.M.; Lefkowitz, R.J.; Caron, M.G. Desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors and neuronal functions. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 2004, 27, 107-44.
92. Fiorentini, C.; Busi, C.; Spano, P.; Missale, C. Role of receptor heterodimers in the development of L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Parkinson. Relat. Disord., 2008, 14 (Suppl 2), S159-S164.
93. Chase, T.N.; Oh, J.D. Striatal mechanisms and pathogenesis of parkinsonian signs and motor complications. Ann. Neurol., 2000, 47, S122-S129.
94. Johnson, K.A.; Conn, P.J.; Niswender, C.M. Glutamate receptors as therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets, 2009, 8, 475-491.
95. Ahmed, I.; Bose, S.K.; Pavese, N.; Ramlackhansingh, A.; Turkheimer, F.; Hotton, G.; Hammers, A.; Brooks, D.J. Glutamate NMDA receptor dysregulation in Parkinson's disease with dyskinesias. Brain, 2011, 134, 979-986.
96. Calon, F.; Morissette, M.; Ghribi, O.; Goulet, M.; Grondin, R.; Blanchet, P.J.; Bédard, P.J.; Di Paolo, T. Alteration of glutamate receptors in the striatum of dyskinetic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine-treated monkeys following dopamine agonist treatment. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 2002, 26, 127-138.
97. Nash, J.E.; Brotchie, J.M. Characterisation of striatal NMDA receptors involved in the generation of parkinsonian symptoms: intrastriatal microinjection studies in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat. Movem. Disord., 2002, 17, 455-466.
98. Robelet, S.; Melon, C.; Guillet, B.; Salin, P.; Kerkerian-Le Goff, L. Chronic L-DOPA treatment increases extracellular glutamate levels and GLT1 expression in the basal ganglia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2004, 20, 1255-1266.
99. Del Dotto, P.; Pavese, N.; Gambaccini, G.; Bernardini, S.; Metman, L.V.; Chase, T.N.; Bonuccelli, U. Intravenous amantadine improves levadopa-induced dyskinesias: an acute double-blind placebo-controlled study. Movem. Disord., 2001, 16, 515-520.
100. Bibbiani, F.; Oh, J.D.; Kielaite, A.; Collins, M.A.; Smith, C.; Chase, T.N. Combined blockade of AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors reduces levodopa-induced motor complications in animal models of PD. Exp. Neurol., 2005, 196, 422-429.
101. Lundblad, M.; Andersson, M.; Winkler, C.; Kirik, D.; Wierup, N.; Cenci, M.A. Pharmacological validation of behavioural measures of akinesia and dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2002, 15, 120-132.
102. Dekundy, A.; Lundblad, M.; Danysz, W.; Cenci, M.A. Modulation of L-DOPA-induced abnormal involuntary movements by clinically tested compounds: further validation of the rat dyskinesia model. Behav. Brain Res., 2007, 179, 76-89.
103. Wolf, E.; Seppi, K.; Katzenschlager, R.; Hochschorner, G.; Ransmayr, G.; Schwingenschuh, P.; Ott, E.; Kloiber, I.; Haubenberger, D.; Auff, E.; Poewe, W. Long-term antidyskinetic efficacy of amantadine in Parkinson's disease. Movem. Disord., 2010, 25, 1357-1363.
104. Hurley, M.J.; Jackson, M.J.; Smith, L.A.; Rose, S.; Jenner, P. Immunoautoradiographic analysis of NMDA receptor subunits and associated postsynaptic density proteins in the brain of dyskinetic MPTP-treated common marmosets. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2005, 21, 3240-3250.
105. Wessell, R.H.; Ahmed, S.M.; Menniti, F.S.; Dunbar, G.L.; Chase, T.N.; Oh, J.D. NR2B selective NMDA receptor antagonist CP-101, 606 prevents levodopa-induced motor response alterations in hemi-parkinsonian rats. Neuropharmacology, 2004, 47, 184-194.
106. Quintana, A.; Melon, C.; Kerkerian-Le Goff, L.; Salin, P.; Savasta, M.; Sgambato-Faure, V. Forelimb dyskinesia mediated by highfrequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is linked to rapid activation of the NR2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2010, 32, 423-434.
107. Paille, V.; Picconi, B.; Bagetta, V.; Ghiglieri, V.; Sgobio, C.; Di Filippo, M.; Viscomi, M.T.; Giampà, C.; Fusco, F.R.; Gardoni, F.; Bernardi, G.; Greengard, P.; Di Luca, M.; Calabresi, P. Distinct levels of dopamine denervation differentially alter striatal synaptic plasticity and NMDA receptor subunit composition. J. Neurosci., 2010, 30, 14182-14193.
108. Picconi, B.; Gardoni, F.; Centonze, D.; Mauceri, D.; Cenci, M.A.; Bernardi, G.; Calabresi, P.; Di Luca, M. Abnormal Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II function mediates synaptic and motor deficits in experimental parkinsonism. J. Neurosci., 2004, 24, 5283-5291.
109. Gardoni, F.; Sgobio, C.; Pendolino, V.; Calabresi, P.; Di Luca, M.; Picconi, B. Targeting NR2A-containing NMDA receptors reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias. Neurobiol. Aging, 2012, 33, 2138-2144.
110. Prybylowski, K.; Wenthold, R.J. N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors: subunit assembly and trafficking to the synapse. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 9673-9676.
111. Zhang, J.; Vinuela, A.; Neely, M.H.; Hallett, P.J.; Grant, S.G.; Miller, G.M.; Isacson, O.; Caron, M.G.; Yao, W.D. Inhibition of the dopamine D1 receptor signaling by PSD-95. J. Biol. Chem., 2007, 282, 15778-15789.
112. Porras, G.; Berthet, A.; Dehay, B.; Li, Q.; Ladepeche, L.; Normand, E.; Dovero, S.; Martinez, A.; Doudnikoff, E.; Martin-Négrier, M.L.; Chuan, Q.; Bloch, B.; Choquet, D.; Boué-Grabot, E.; Groc, L.; Bezard, E. PSD-95 expression controls l-DOPA dyskinesia through dopamine D1 receptor trafficking. J. Clin. Invest., 2012, 122, 3977-3989.
113. Luttrell, L.M.; Lefkowitz, R.J. The role of beta-arrestins in the termination and transduction of G-protein-coupled receptor signals. J. Cell Sci., 2002, 115, 455-465.
114. Beaulieu, J.M.; Gainetdinov, R.R.; Caron, M.G. The Akt-GSK-3 signaling cascade in the actions of dopamine. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2007, 28, 166-172.
115. Sokoloff, P.; Giros, B.; Martres, M.P.; Bouthenet, M.L.; Schwartz, J.C. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. Nature, 1990, 347, 146-151.
116. Le Moine, C.; Bloch, B. Expression of the D3 dopamine receptor in peptidergic neurons of the nucleus accumbens: comparison with the D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. Neuroscience, 1996, 73, 131-143.
117. Schwartz, J.C.; Diaz, J.; Bordet, R.; Griffon, N.; Perachon, S.; Pilon, C.; Ridray, S.; Sokoloff, P. Functional implications of multiple dopamine receptor subtypes: the D1/D3 receptor coexistence. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev., 1998, 26, 236-242.
118. Ridray, S.; Griffon, N.; Mignon, V.; Souil, E.; Carboni, S.; Diaz, J.; Schwartz, J.C.; Sokoloff, P. Coexpression of dopamine D1 and D3 receptors in islands of Calleja and shell of nucleus accumbens of the rat: opposite and synergistic functional interactions. Eur. J. Neurosci., 1998, 10, 1676-1686.
119. Surmeier, D.J.; Song, W.J.; Yan, Z. Coordinated expression of dopamine receptors in neostriatal medium spiny neurons. J. Neurosci., 1996, 16, 6579-6591.
120. Ariano, M.A.; Sibley, D.R. Dopamine receptor distribution in the rat CNS: elucidation using anti-peptide antisera directed against D1A and D3 subtypes. Brain Res., 1994, 649, 95-110.
121. Hyman, S.E.; Malenka, R.C.; Nestler, E.J. Neural mechanisms of addiction: the role of reward-related learning and memory. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 2006, 29, 565-598.
122. Heidbreder, C. Selective antagonism at dopamine D3 receptors as a target for drug addiction pharmacotherapy: a review of preclinical evidence. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets, 2008, 7, 410-421.
123. Sokoloff, P.; Diaz, J.; Le Foll, B.; Guillin, O.; Leriche, L.; Bezard, E.; Gross, C. The dopamine D3 receptor: a therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets, 2006, 5, 25-43.
124. Griffon, N.; Pilon, C.; Sautel, F.; Schwartz, J.C.; Sokoloff, P. Two intracellular signaling pathways for the dopamine D3 receptor: opposite and synergistic interactions with cyclic AMP. J. Neurochem., 1997, 68, 1-9.
125. Karasinska, J.M.; George, S.R.; Cheng, R.; O'Dowd, B.F. Deletion of dopamine D1 and D3 receptors differentially affects spontaneous behaviour and cocaine-induced locomotor activity, reward and CREB phosphorylation. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2005, 22, 1741-1750.
126. Karasinska, J.M.; George, S.R.; El-Ghundi, M.; Fletcher, P.J.; O'Dowd, B.F. Modification of dopamine D (1) receptor knockout phenotype in mice lacking both dopamine D (1) and D (3) receptors. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2000, 399, 171-181.
127. Levesque, D.; Diaz, J.; Pilon, C.; Martres, M.P.; Giros, B.; Souil, E.; Schott, D.; Morgat, J.L.; Schwartz, J.C.; Sokoloff, P. Identification, characterization, and localization of the dopamine D3 receptor in rat brain using 7-[3H]hydroxy-N, N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1992, 89, 8155-8159.
128. Bordet, R.; Ridray, S.; Carboni, S.; Diaz, J.; Sokoloff, P.; Schwartz, J.C. Induction of dopamine D3 receptor expression as a mechanism of behavioral sensitization to levodopa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1997, 94, 3363-3367.
129. Bordet, R.; Ridray, S.; Schwartz, J.C.; Sokoloff, P. Involvement of the direct striatonigral pathway in levodopa-induced sensitization in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2000, 12, 2117-2123.
130. Morissette, M.; Goulet, M.; Grondin, R.; Blanchet, P.; Bedard, P.J.; Di Paolo, T.; Lévesque, D. Associative and limbic regions of monkey striatum express high levels of dopamine D3 receptors: effects of MPTP and dopamine agonist replacement therapies. Eur. J. Neurosci., 1998, 10, 2565-2573.
131. Visanji, N.P.; Fox, S.H.; Johnston, T.; Reyes, G.; Millan, M.J.; Brotchie, J.M. Dopamine D3 receptor stimulation underlies the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol. Dis., 2009, 35, 184-192.
132. Berthet, A.; Porras, G.; Doudnikoff, E.; Stark, H.; Cador, M.; Bezard, E.; Bloch, B. Pharmacological analysis demonstrates dramatic alteration of D1 dopamine receptor neuronal distribution in the rat analog of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. J. Neurosci., 2009, 29, 4829-4835.
133. Bezard, E.; Ferry, S.; Mach, U.; Stark, H.; Leriche, L.; Boraud, T.; Gross, C.; Sokoloff, P. Attenuation of levodopa-induced dyskinesia by normalizing dopamine D3 receptor function. Nat. Med., 2003, 9, 762-767.
134. Guigoni, C.; Doudnikoff, E.; Li, Q.; Bloch, B.; Bezard, E. Altered D (1) dopamine receptor trafficking in parkinsonian and dyskinetic non-human primates. Neurobiol. Dis., 2007, 26, 452-463.
135. Fiorentini, C.; Busi, C.; Spano, P.; Missale, C. Dimerization of dopamine D1 and D3 receptors in the regulation of striatal function. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 2010, 10, 87-92.
136. Fredholm, B.B. Purinoceptors in the nervous system. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 1995, 76, 228-239.
137. Schiffmann, S.N.; Libert, F.; Vassart, G.; Vanderhaeghen, J.J. Distribution of adenosine A2 receptor mRNA in the human brain. Neurosci. Lett., 1991, 130, 177-181.
138. Svenningsson, P.; Le Moine, C.; Fisone, G.; Fredholm, B.B. Distribution, biochemistry and function of striatal adenosine A2A receptors. Prog. Neurobiol., 1999, 59, 355-396.
139. Ferre, S. Adenosine-dopamine interactions in the ventral striatum. Implications for the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology, 1997, 133, 107-120.
140. Schiffmann, S.N.; Vanderhaeghen, J.J. Adenosine A2 receptors regulate the gene expression of striatopallidal and striatonigral neurons. J. Neurosci., 1993, 13, 1080-1087.
141. Ferre, S.; O'Connor, W.T.; Fuxe, K.; Ungerstedt, U. The striopallidal neuron: a main locus for adenosine-dopamine interactions in the brain. J. Neurosci., 1993, 13, 5402-5406.
142. Stromberg, I.; Popoli, P.; Muller, C.E.; Ferre, S.; Fuxe, K. Electrophysiological and behavioural evidence for an antagonistic modulatory role of adenosine A2A receptors in dopamine D2 receptor regulation in the rat dopamine-denervated striatum. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2000, 12, 4033-4037.
143. Ferre, S.; Quiroz, C.; Woods, A.S.; Cunha, R.; Popoli, P.; Ciruela, F.; Lluis, C.; Franco, R.; Azdad, K.; Schiffmann, S.N. An update on adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor interactions: implications for the function of G protein-coupled receptors. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2008, 14, 1468-1474.
144. Hillion, J.; Canals, M.; Torvinen, M.; Casado, V.; Scott, R.; Terasmaa, A.; Hansson, A.; Watson, S.; Olah, M.E.; Mallol, J.; Canela, E.I.; Zoli, M.; Agnati, L.F.; Ibanez, C.F.; Lluis, C.; Franco, R.; Ferre, S.; Fuxe, K. Coaggregation, cointernalization, and codesensitization of adenosine A2A receptors and dopamine D2 receptors. J. Biol. Chem., 2002, 277, 18091-18097.
145. Ferre, S.; von Euler, G.; Johansson, B.; Fredholm, B.B.; Fuxe, K. Stimulation of high-affinity adenosine A2 receptors decreases the affinity of dopamine D2 receptors in rat striatal membranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1991, 88, 7238-7241.
146. Canals, M.; Marcellino, D.; Fanelli, F.; Ciruela, F.; de Benedetti, P.; Goldberg, S.R.; Neve, K.; Fuxe, K.; Agnati, L.F.; Woods, A.S.; Ferré, S.; Lluis, C.; Bouvier, M.; Franco, R. Adenosine A2Adopamine D2 receptor-receptor heteromerization: qualitative and quantitative assessment by fluorescence and bioluminescence energy transfer. J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 278, 46741-46749.
147. Azdad, K.; Gall, D.; Woods, A.S.; Ledent, C.; Ferre, S.; Schiffmann, S.N. Dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors regulate NMDA-mediated excitation in accumbens neurons through A2A-D2 receptor heteromerization. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2009, 34, 972-986.
148. Higley, M.J.; Sabatini, B.L. Competitive regulation of synaptic Ca2+ influx by D2 dopamine and A2A adenosine receptors. Nat. Neurosci., 2010, 13, 958-966.
149. Orru, M.; Bakesova, J.; Brugarolas, M.; Quiroz, C.; Beaumont, V.; Goldberg, S.R.; Lluís, C.; Cortés, A.; Franco, R.; Casadó, V.; Canela, E.I.; Ferré, S. Striatal pre-and postsynaptic profile of adenosine A (2A) receptor antagonists. PloS One, 2011, 6, e16088.
150. Armentero, M.T.; Pinna, A.; Ferre, S.; Lanciego, J.L.; Muller, C.E.; Franco, R. Past, present and future of A (2A) adenosine receptor antagonists in the therapy of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol. Ther., 2011, 132, 280-299.
151. Kanda, T.; Jackson, M.J.; Smith, L.A.; Pearce, R.K.; Nakamura, J.; Kase, H.; Kuwana, Y.; Jenner, P. Adenosine A2A antagonist: a novel antiparkinsonian agent that does not provoke dyskinesia in parkinsonian monkeys. Ann. Neurol., 1998, 43, 507-513.
152. Ciruela, F.; Casado, V.; Rodrigues, R.J.; Lujan, R.; Burgueno, J.; Canals, M.; Borycz, J.; Rebola, N.; Goldberg, S.R.; Mallol, J.; Cortés, A.; Canela, E.I.; López-Giménez, J.F.; Milligan, G.; Lluis, C.; Cunha, R.A.; Ferré, S.; Franco, R. Presynaptic control of striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission by adenosine A1-A2A receptor heteromers. J. Neurosci., 2006, 26, 2080-2087.
153. Quiroz, C.; Lujan, R.; Uchigashima, M.; Simoes, A.P.; Lerner, T.N.; Borycz, J.; Kachroo, A.; Canas, P.M.; Orru, M.; Schwarzschild, M.A.; Rosin, D.L.; Kreitzer, A.C.; Cunha, R.A.; Watanabe, M.; Ferré, S. Key modulatory role of presynaptic adenosine A2A receptors in cortical neurotransmission to the striatal direct pathway. Sci. World J., 2009, 9, 1321-1344.
154. Soriano, A.; Ventura, R.; Molero, A.; Hoen, R.; Casado, V.; Cortes, A.; Fanelli, F.; Albericio, F.; Lluís, C.; Franco, R.; Royo, M. Adenosine A2A receptor-antagonist/dopamine D2 receptor-agonist bivalent ligands as pharmacological tools to detect A2A-D2 receptor heteromers. J. Med. Chem., 2009, 52, 5590-5602.
155. Dalpiaz, A.; Cacciari, B.; Vicentini, C.B.; Bortolotti, F.; Spalluto, G.; Federico, S.; Pavan, B.; Vincenzi, F.; Borea, P.A.; Varani, K. A novel conjugated agent between dopamine and an A2A adenosine receptor antagonist as a potential anti-Parkinson multitarget approach. Mol. Pharm., 2012, 9, 591-604.
156. Shigemoto, R.; Nomura, S.; Ohishi, H.; Sugihara, H.; Nakanishi, S.; Mizuno, N. Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, in the rat brain. Neurosci. Lett., 1993, 163, 53-57.
157. Testa, C.M.; Standaert, D.G.; Landwehrmeyer, G.B.; Penney, J.B.; Jr.; Young, A.B. Differential expression of mGluR5 metabotropic glutamate receptor mRNA by rat striatal neurons. J. Comp. Neurol., 1995, 354, 241-252.
158. Ferre, S.; Agnati, L.F.; Ciruela, F.; Lluis, C.; Woods, A.S.; Fuxe, K.; Franco, R. Neurotransmitter receptor heteromers and their integrative role in 'local modules': the striatal spine module. Brain Res. Rev., 2007, 55, 55-67.
159. Kearney, J.A.; Frey, K.A.; Albin, R.L. Metabotropic glutamate agonist-induced rotation: a pharmacological, FOS immunohistochemical, and [14C]-2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic study. J. Neurosci., 1997, 17, 4415-4425.
160. Ferre, S.; Karcz-Kubicha, M.; Hope, B.T.; Popoli, P.; Burgueno, J.; Gutierrez, M.A.; Casadó, V.; Fuxe, K.; Goldberg, S.R.; Lluis, C.; Franco, R.; Ciruela, F. Synergistic interaction between adenosine A2A and glutamate mGlu5 receptors: implications for striatal neuronal function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, 99, 11940-11945.
161. Popoli, P.; Pezzola, A.; Torvinen, M.; Reggio, R.; Pintor, A.; Scarchilli, L.; Fuxe, K.; Ferré, S. The selective mGlu (5) receptor agonist CHPG inhibits quinpirole-induced turning in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats and modulates the binding characteristics of dopamine D (2) receptors in the rat striatum: interactions with adenosine A (2a) receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2001, 25, 505-513.
162. Diaz-Cabiale, Z.; Vivo, M.; Del Arco, A.; O'Connor, W.T.; Harte, M.K.; Muller, C.E.; Martínez, E.; Popoli, P.; Fuxe, K.; Ferré, S. Metabotropic glutamate mGlu5 receptor-mediated modulation of the ventral striopallidal GABA pathway in rats. Interactions with adenosine A (2A) and dopamine D (2) receptors. Neurosci. Lett., 2002, 324, 154-158.
163. Ossowska, K.; Konieczny, J.; Wolfarth, S.; Wieronska, J.; Pilc, A. Blockade of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) produces antiparkinsonian-like effects in rats. Neuropharmacology, 2001, 41, 413-420.
164. Kachroo, A.; Orlando, L.R.; Grandy, D.K.; Chen, J.F.; Young, A.B.; Schwarzschild, M.A. Interactions between metabotropic glutamate 5 and adenosine A2A receptors in normal and parkinsonian mice. J. Neurosci., 2005, 25, 10414-10419.
165. Rodrigues, R.J.; Alfaro, T.M.; Rebola, N.; Oliveira, C.R.; Cunha, R.A. Co-localization and functional interaction between adenosine A (2A) and metabotropic group 5 receptors in glutamatergic nerve terminals of the rat striatum. J. Neurochem., 2005, 92, 433-441.
166. Pinna, A.; Fenu, S.; Morelli, M. Motor stimulant effects of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist SCH 58261 do not develop tolerance after repeated treatments in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Synapse, 2001, 39, 233-238.
167. Fredduzzi, S.; Moratalla, R.; Monopoli, A.; Cuellar, B.; Xu, K.; Ongini, E.; Impagnatiello, F.; Schwarzschild, M.A.; Chen, J.F. Persistent behavioral sensitization to chronic L-DOPA requires A2A adenosine receptors. J. Neurosci., 2002, 22, 1054-1062.
168. Calon, F.; Dridi, M.; Hornykiewicz, O.; Bedard, P.J.; Rajput, A.H.; Di Paolo, T. Increased adenosine A2A receptors in the brain of Parkinson's disease patients with dyskinesias. Brain, 2004, 127, 1075-1084.
169. Ramlackhansingh, A.F.; Bose, S.K.; Ahmed, I.; Turkheimer, F.E.; Pavese, N.; Brooks, D.J. Adenosine 2A receptor availability in dyskinetic and nondyskinetic patients with Parkinson disease. Neurology, 2011, 76, 1811-1816.
170. Bara-Jimenez, W.; Sherzai, A.; Dimitrova, T.; Favit, A.; Bibbiani, F.; Gillespie, M.; Morris, M.J.; Mouradian, M.M.; Chase, T.N. Adenosine A (2A) receptor antagonist treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 2003, 61, 293-296.
171. Xiao, D.; Bastia, E.; Xu, Y.H.; Benn, C.L.; Cha, J.H.; Peterson, T.S.; Chen, J.F.; Schwarzschild, M.A. Forebrain adenosine A2A receptors contribute to L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian mice. J. Neurosci., 2006, 26, 13548-13555.
172. LeWitt, P.A.; Guttman, M.; Tetrud, J.W.; Tuite, P.J.; Mori, A.; Chaikin, P.; Sussman, N.M.; 6002-US-005 Study Group. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline (KW-6002) reduces "off" time in Parkinson's disease: a double-blind, randomized, multicenter clinical trial (6002-US-005). Ann. Neurol., 2008, 63, 295-302.
173. Hauser, R.A.; Shulman, L.M.; Trugman, J.M.; Roberts, J.W.; Mori, A.; Ballerini, R.; Chaikin P. Study of istradefylline in patients with Parkinson's disease on levodopa with motor fluctuations. Movem. Disord., 2008, 23, 2177-2185.
174. Morelli, M.; Blandini, F.; Simola, N.; Hauser, R.A. A (2A) Receptor Antagonism and Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease. Parkinson Dis., 2012, 2012, 489853.
175. Marcellino, D.; Carriba, P.; Filip, M.; Borgkvist, A.; Frankowska, M.; Bellido, I.; Tanganelli, S.; Müller, C.E.; Fisone, G.; Lluis, C.; Agnati, L.F.; Franco, R.; Fuxe, K. Antagonistic cannabinoid CB1/dopamine D2 receptor interactions in striatal CB1/D2 heteromers. A combined neurochemical and behavioral analysis. Neuropharmacology, 2008, 54, 815-823.
176. Borroto-Escuela, D.O.; Romero-Fernandez, W.; Tarakanov, A.O.; Gomez-Soler, M.; Corrales, F.; Marcellino, D.; Narvaez, M.; Frankowska, M.; Flajolet, M.; Heintz, N.; Agnati, L.F.; Ciruela, F.; Fuxe, K. Characterization of the A2AR-D2R interface: focus on the role of the C-terminal tail and the transmembrane helices. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2010, 402, 801-807.
177. Baragli, A.; Alturaihi, H.; Watt, H.L.; Abdallah, A.; Kumar, U. Heterooligomerization of human dopamine receptor 2 and somatostatin receptor 2 Co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis. Cell. Signal., 2007, 19, 2304-2316.
178. Espinoza, S.; Salahpour, A.; Masri, B.; Sotnikova, T.D.; Messa, M.; Barak, L.S.; Caron, M.G.; Gainetdinov, R.R. Functional interaction between trace amine-associated receptor 1 and dopamine D2 receptor. Mol. Pharmacol., 2011, 80, 416-425.