Neurobehavioural mechanisms of reward and motivation

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 228-236

  Robbins, Trevor W ^a   Everitt, Barry J ^a  

^a University of Cambridge   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE; GLUTAMIC ACID;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; BRAIN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; CORPUS STRIATUM; HUMAN; LEARNING; LIMBIC CORTEX; MOTIVATION; NEUROBIOLOGY; NEUROCHEMISTRY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REINFORCEMENT; REVIEW; REWARD;

EID: 0029995617     PISSN: 09594388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0959-4388(96)80077-8     Document Type: Article

References (61)

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22. •]).
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33. •] by employing in vivo microdialysis rather than voltammetric methods, and apparently arriving at roughly similar conclusions.
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35. •]). Similar work is also being performed by Sarter, Bruno and associates (see H Himmelheber et al., Soc Neurosci Abstr 1995, 25:763.6) and, while they endorse the concept of dopaminergic modulation of cortical acetylcholine, there are likely to be some disagreements about the exact behavioural context in which the cholinergic changes are seen.
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40. ••] emphasizing correlations with instrumental and anticipatory behaviour during presentation of conditioned stimuli. The possibility of fast transients in dopamine release that remain undetected by the microdialysis technique complicates the issue, but in our view, the controversy may be a product of interpretative emphasis and procedural factors rather than representing a serious theoretical discrepancy.
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48. •].
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51. ••].
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53. •], shows how the apparently paradoxical pattern of effects of intra-accumbens infusions of the NMDA receptor antagonist AP-5 (blocking amphetamine-induced activity and yet by itself producing spontaneous hyperactivity) might possibly be understood in terms of an anatomical differentiation of these effects.
54. •].
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61. Beck CH, Fibiger HC: Conditioned fear-induced changes in behavior and in the expression of the immediate early gene c-fos: with and without diazepam pretreatment J Neurosci 1995, 15:709-720. A nice demonstration using 'cellular imaging' to identify the potent changes produced in many limbic and non-limbic structures during an aversive experience in the rat. The important point for this article is that some of these structures (including the nucleus accumbens shell region) are components of a hypothetical 'reward' system, underlining the need now to define if and how the reward and aversive systems both overlap and interact at the neural level.