Recent developments in microfluidic chip-based separation devices coupled to MS for bioanalysis

Bioanalysis

Volumn 5, Issue 20, 2013, Pages 2567-2580

  Lin, Shu Ling ^a   Lin, Tzuen Yeuan ^a   Fuh, Ming Ren ^a  

^a SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA CYCLODEXTRIN; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; DRUG METABOLITE; GLYCAN; PEPTIDE; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); PROTEIN;

CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEVICES; DRUG RESEARCH; DRUG SCREENING; ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY; GLYCOBIOLOGY; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING; ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MACROMOLECULE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MICROCHIP ANALYSIS; MICROFLUIDICS; MOLECULAR SIZE; PEPTIDE ANALYSIS; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEOMICS; QUADRUPOLE MASS SPECTROMETRY; REPRODUCIBILITY; REVIEW; TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY;

CHROMATOGRAPHY, LIQUID; DRUGS, INVESTIGATIONAL; ELECTROPHORESIS, CAPILLARY; HUMANS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MICROFLUIDIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; MICROFLUIDICS; POLYSACCHARIDES; PROTEINS;

EID: 84886462580     PISSN: 17576180     EISSN: 17576199     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.196     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Kraly JR, Holcomb RE, Guan Q et al. Review: microfuidic applications in metabolomics and metabolic profling. Anal. Chim. Acta 653(1), 23-35 (2009).
2. Faure K. Liquid chromatography on chip. Electrophoresis 31(15), 2499-2511 (2010).
3. Crevillén AG, Hervás M, López MA et al. Real sample ana lysis on microfuidic devices. Talanta 74(3), 342-357 (2007).
4. 1c level. Anal. Chim. Acta 638(2), 186-190 (2009).
5. Huft J, Haynes CA, Hansen CI. Microfuidic integration of parallel solid-phase liquid chromatography. Anal. Chem. 85(5), 2999-3005 (2013).
6. Koster S, Verpoorte E. A decade of microfuidic ana lysis coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry: an overview. Lab Chip 7(11), 1394-1412 (2007).
7. Lee J, Soper SA, Murray KK. Microfuidic chips for mass spectrometry-based proteomics. J. Mass Spectrom. 44(5), 579-593 (2009).
8. Lin SL, Bai HY, Lin TY et al. Microfuidic chip-based liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for determination of small molecules in bioanalytical applications. Electrophoresis 33(4) 635-643 (2012).
9. Manz A, Miyahara Y, Miura J et al. Design of an open-tubular column liquid chromatography using silicon chip technology. Sens. Actuators B 1(1-6), 249-255 (1990).
10. Harrison DJ, Manz A, Fan Z et al. Capillary electrophoresis and sample injection systems integrated on a planar glass chip. Anal. Chem. 64(17), 1926-1932 (1992).
11. Marle L, Greenway GM. Microfuidic devices for environmental monitoring. Trends Anal. Chem. 24(9), 795-802 (2005).
12. Atalay YT, Vermeir S, Witters D et al. Microfuidic analytical systems for food analysis. Trends Food Sci. Tecknol. 22, 386-404 (2011).
13. Shang F, Guihen E, Glennon JD. Recent advances in miniaturization-the role of microchip electrophoresis in clinical ana lysis. Electrophoresis 33(1), 105-116 (2012).
14. Gao D, Liu H, Jiang Y et al. Recent developments in microfuidic devices for in vitro cell culture for cell-biology research. Trends Anal. Chem. 35, 150-164 (2012).
15. Klepárnik K. Recent advances in the combination of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry: From element to single-cell analysis. Electrophoresis 34(1), 70-85 (2013).
16. Sung WC, Makamba H, Chen SH. Chip-based microfuidic devices coupled with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 26(9), 1783-1791 (2005).
17. Gibson GTT, Mugo SM, Oleschuk RD. Nanoelectrospray emitters: trends and perspective. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 28(6), 918-936 (2009).
18. Sikanen T, Franssila S, Kauppila TJ et al. Microchip technology in mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 29(3), 351-391 (2010).
19. Kitagawa F, Otsuka K. Recent progress in microchip electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 55(4), 668-678 (2011).
20. Lavrik NV, Taylor LT, Sepaniak MJ. Nanotechnology and chip level systems for pressure driven liquid chromatography and emerging analytical separation techniques: a revie w. Anal. Chim. Acta 694(1-2), 6-20 (2011).
21. Kutter JP. Liquid phase chromatography on microchips. J. Chromatogr. A 1221, 72-82 (2012).
22. Zhang B, Foret F, Karger BL. A microdevice with integrated liquid junction for facile peptide and protein ana lysis by capillary electrophoresis/electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 72(5), 1015-1022 (2000).
23. Deng Y, Zhang H, Henion J. Chip-based quantitative capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry determination of drugs in human plasma. Anal. Chem. 73(7), 1432-1439 (2001).
24. Zheng Y, Li H, Guo Z et al. Chip-based CE coupled to quadrupole TOF mass spectrometer for the ana lysis of glycopeptide. Electrophoresis 28(9), 1305-1311 (2007).
25. Li HF, Liu J, Cai Z et al. Coupling a microchip with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometer for peptide separation and identifcation. Electrophoresis 29(9), 1889-1894 (2008).
26. Akashi S, Suzuki K, Arai A et al. To p-d o w n ana lysis of basic proteins by microchip capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20(12), 1932-1938 (2006).
27. Sikanen T, Tuomikoski S, Ketola RA et al. Fully microfabricated and integrated SU-8-based capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization microchips for mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 79(23), 9135-9144 (2007).
28. Li FA, Huang JL, Her GR. Chip-CE/MS using a fat low-sheath-fow interface. Electrophoresis 29(24), 4938-4943 (2008).
29. Mellors JS, Gorbounov V, Ramsey RS et al. Fully integrated glass microfuidic device for performing high-effciency capillary electrophoresis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 80(18), 6881-6887 (2008).
30. Sikanen T, Aura A, Franssila S et al. Microchip capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry of intact proteins using uncoated OrmoComp microchips. Anal. Chim. Acta 711, 69-76 (2012).
31. Sainiemi L, Sikanen T, Kostiainen R. Integration of fully microfabricated, three-dimensionally sharp electrospray ionization tips with microfuidic glass chips. Anal. Chem. 84(21), 8973-8979 (2012).
32. Tachibana Y, Otsuka K, Terabe S et al. Effects of the length and modifcation of the separation channel on microchip electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for ana lysis of bioactive compounds. J. Chromatogr. A 1025(2), 287-296 (2004).
33. Zamfr AD. Recent advances in sheathless interfacing of capillary electrophoresis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1159 (1-2), 2-13 (2007).
34. Dahlin AP, Wetterhall M, Liljegren G et al. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry from a polymer modifed poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchip with an integrated graphite electrospray tip. Analyst 130(2), 193-199 (2005).
35. Li FA, Huang JL, Her GR. A sheathless poly(methyl methacrylate) chip-CE/MS interface fabricated using a wire-assisted epoxy-fxing method. Electrophoresis 28(8), 1265-1273 (2007).
36. Thorslund S, Lindberg P, Andrén PE et al. Electrokinetic-driven microfuidic system in poly(dimethylsiloxane) for mass spectrometry detection integrating sample injection, capillary electrophoresis, and electrospray emitter on-chip. Electrophoresis 26(24), 4674-4683 (2005).
37. Hoffmann P, Häusig U, Schulze P et al. Microfuidic glass chips with an integrated nanospray emitter for coupling to a mass spectrometer. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46(26), 4913-4916 (2007).
38. Sun X, Kelly, RT, Tang K et al. Membrane-based emitter for coupling microfuidics with ultrasensitive nanoelectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 83(14), 5797-5803 (2011).
39. Han J, Singh AK. Rapid protein separations in ultra-short microchannels: microchip sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. J. Chromatogr. A 1049(1-2), 205-209 (2004).
40. Cui H, Horiuchi K, Dutta P et al. Multistage isoelectric focusing in a polymeric microfuidic chip. Anal. Chem. 77(24), 7878-7886 (2005).
41. Kohlheyer D, Eijkel JCT, Schlautmann S et al. Microfuidic high-resolution free-fow isoelectric focusing. Anal. Chem. 79(21), 8190-8198 (2007).
42. Sommer GJ, Singe AK, Hatch AV. On-chip isoelectric focusing using photopolymerized immobilized pH gradients. Anal. Chem. 80(9), 3327-3333 (2008).
43. Shimura K, Takahashi K, Koyama Y et al. Isoelectric focusing in a microfuidically defned electrophoresis channel. Anal. Chem. 80(10), 3818-3823 (2008).
44. Fujita M, Hattori W, Sano T et al. High-throughput and high-resolution two dimensional mapping of pI and m/z using a microchip in a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-fight mass spectrometer. J. Chromatogr. A 1111(2), 2000-205 (2006).
45. Guo X, Chan-Park MB, Yoon SF et al. UV embossed polymeric chip for protein separation and identifcation based on capillary isoelectric focusing and MALDI-TOF-MS. Anal. Chem. 78(10), 3249-3256 (2006).
46. Wen J, Lin Y, Xiang F et al. Microfabricated isoelectric focusing device for direct electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 21(1), 191-197 (2000).
47. Pumera M. Microchip-based electrochromatography: designs and applications. Talanta 66(4), 1048-1062 (2005).
48. Nilsson C, Birnbaum S, Nilsson S. Use of nanoparticles in capillary and microchip electrochromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 1168(1-2), 212-224 (2007).
49. Breadmore MC, Thabano JRE, Dawod M et al. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2006-2008). Electrophoresis 30(1), 230-248 (2009).
50. Constantin S, Freitag R, Solignac D et al. Utilization of the sol-gel technique for the development of novel stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography on a chip. Sens. Actuators. B Chem. 78(1-3), 267-272 (2001).
51. Throckmorton DJ, Shepodd TJ, Singh AK. Electrochromatography in microchips: reversed-phase separation of peptides and amino acids using photopatterned rigid polymer monoliths. Anal. Chem. 74(4), 784-789 (2002).
52. Lazar IM, Li L, Yang Y et al. Microfuidic device for capillary electrochromatography-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 24(21), 3655-3662 (2003).
53. Faure K, Albert M, Dugas V et al. Development of an acrylate monolith in a cyclo-olefn copolymer microfuidic device for chip electrochromatography separation. Electrophoresis 29(24), 4948-4955 (2008).
54. Jemere AB, Martinez D, Finot M et al. Capillary electrochromatography with packed bead beds in microfuidic devices. Electrophoresis 30(24), 4237-4244 (2009).
55. Qu P, Lei J, Sheng J et al. Simultaneous multiple enantioseparation with a one-pot imprinted microfuidic channel by microchip capillary electrochromatography. Analyst 136(5), 920-926 (2011).
56. Chen CJ, Wang CW, Her GR. Fast CEC-MS using poly(dimethylsiloxane) microinjector, short packed column, and low-sheath-fow interface. J. Sep. Sci. 34 (18), 2538-2543 (2011).
57. Liang RP, Liu CM, Meng XY et al. A novel open-tubular capillary electrochromatography using b-cyclodextrin functionalized graphene oxide-magnetic nanocomposites as tunable stationary phase. J. Chromatogr. A 1266, 95-102 (2012).
58. Nováková L, Vlcková H. A reivew of current trends and advances in modern bio-analytical methods: chromatography and sample preparation. Anal. Chim. Acta 656(1-2), 8-35 (2009).
59. de Jong WHA, de Vries EGE, Kema IP. Current status and future developments of LC-MS/MS in clinical chemistry for quantifcation of biogenic amines. Clin. Biochem. 44(1), 95-103 (2011).
60. Kortz L, Helmschrodt C, Ceglarck U. Fast liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry for the ana lysis of metabolites and proteins in human body fuids. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 399(8), 2635-2644 (2011).
61. Xiao JF, Zhou B, Ressom H W. Metabolite identifcation and quantitation in LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics. Trends Anal. Chem. 32, 1-14 (2012).
62. Selvaraju S, El Rassi Z. Liquid-phase-based separation systems for depletion, prefractionation and enrichment of proteins in biological fuids and matrices for in-depth proteomics ana lysis-an update covering the period 2008-2011. Electrophoresis 33(1), 74-88 (2012).
63. Wuhrer M. Glycomics using mass spectrometry. Glycoconj. J. 30(1), 11-22 (2013).
64. Nunez O, Gallart-Ayala H, Martins CPB et al. State-of-the-art in fast liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for bio-analytical applications. J. Chromatogr. B 927, 3-21 (2013).
65. Xie J, Miao Y, Shih J et al. Microfuidic platform for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses of complex peptide mixtures. Anal. Chem. 77(21), 6947-6953 (2005).
66. Lazar IM, Trisiripisal P, Sarvaiya HA. Microfuidic liquid chromatography system for proteomic applications and biomarker screening. Anal. Chem. 78(15), 5513-5524 (2006).
67. Yin H, Killeen K. The fundamental aspects and applications of Agilent HPLC-Chip. J. Sep. Sci. 30(10), 1427-1434 (2007).
68. Mery E, Ricoul F, Sarrut N et al. A silicon microfuidic chip integrating an ordered micropillar array separation column and a nano-electrospray emitter for LC-MS ana lysis of peptides. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 134(2), 438-446 (2008).
69. Liu J, Chen CF, Tsao CW et al. Polymer microchips integrating solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography using reversed-phase polymethacrylate monoliths. Anal. Chem. 81(7), 2545-2554 (2009).
70. Robotti KM, Yin H, Brennen R et al. Microfuidic HPLC-chip devices with integral channels containing methylstyrenic-based monolithic media. J. Sep. Sci. 32(20), 3379-3387 (2009).
71. Vázquez M, Paull B. Review on recent and advanced applications of monoliths and related porous polymer gels in micro-fuidic devices. Anal. Chim. Acta 668(2), 100-113 (2010).
72. Yin H, Killeen K, Brennen R et al. Microfuidic chip for peptide ana lysis with an integrated HPLC column, sample enrichment column, and nanoelectrospray tip. Anal. Chem. 77(2), 527-533 (2005).
73. Fortier M-H, Bonneli E, Goodley P et al. Integrated microfuidic device for mass spectrometry-based proteomics and its application to biomarker discovery programs. Anal. Chem. 77(6), 1631-1640 (2005).
74. Ellis J, Grimm R, Clark JF et al. Studying protein phosphorylation in low MW CSF fractions with capLC-ICPMS and nanoLC-CHIP-ITMS for identifcation of phosphoproteins. J. Proteome Res. 7(11), 4736-4742 (2008).
75. Callipo L, Foglia P, Gubbiotti R et al. HPLC-CHIP coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for carbonic anhydrase II quantifcation in human serum. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 394(3), 811-820 (2009).
76. Staples G, Naimy H, Yin H et al. Improved hydrophilic interaction chromatography LC-MS of heparinoids using a chip with postcolumn makeup fow. Anal. Chem. 82(2), 516-522 (2010).
77. Wu S, Grimm R, German JB et al. Annotation and structural ana lysis of sialylated human milk oligosaccharides. J. Proteome Res. 10(2), 856-868 (2011).
78. Bai HY, Lin SL, Chan SA et al. Characterization and evaluation of two-dimensional microfuidic chip-HPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for quantitative ana lysis of 7-aminofunitrazepam in human urine. Analyst 135(10), 2737-2742 (2010).
79. Zhao C, Wu Z, Xue G et al. Ultra-high capacity liquid chromatography chip/quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometry for pharmaceutical ana lysis. J. Chromatogr. A 1218(23), 3669-3674 (2011).
80. Min JZ, Yano H, Matsumoto A et al. Simultaneous determination of polyamines in human nail as 4-(N, N-dimethylamino-sulfonyl)-7-fuoro-2, 1, 3-benzoxadiazole derivatives by nano-fow chip LC coupled with quadrupole time-of-fight tandem mass spectrometry. Clin. Chim. Acta 412(1-2), 98-106 (2011).
81. Andrews GL, Simons BL, Young JB et al. Performance characteristics of a new hybrid quadrupole time-of-fight tandem mass spectrometer (TripleTOF 5600). Anal. Chem. 83(13), 5442-5446 (2011).
82. Chen Z W, Fuchs K, Sieghart W et al. Deep amino acid sequencing of native brain GABAA receptors using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 11(1), M111.011445 (2012).
83. Tambor V, Hunter CL, Seymour SL et al. CysTRAQ-a combination of iTRAQ and enrichment of cysteinyl peptides for uncovering and quantifying hidden proteomes. J. Proteomics 75(3), 857-867 (2012).
84. Kuo K-L, Zhu H, McNamara PJ et al. Localization and functional characterization of the rat Oatp4c1 transporter in an in vitro cell system and rat tissues. PloS ONE 7(6), e39641 (2012).
85. Hughes C, Langridge J, McKenna T. Investigating the robustness of a new microfuidic device. J. Biomol. Tech. 22(Suppl.), S60 (2011).
86. Hernández-Borges J, Borges-Miquel TM, Rodríguez-Delgado MA et al. Sample treatments prior to capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1153(1-2), 214-226 (2007).
87. Ríos Á, Zougagh M. Sample preparation for micro total analytical systems (μ-TASs). Trends Anal. Chem. 43, 174-188 (2013).
88. Lin CC, Hsu JL, Lee GB. Sample preconcentration in microfuidic devices. Microfuid. Nanofuid. 10(3), 481-511 (2011).
89. Srbek J, Eickhoff J, Effelsberg U et al. Chip-based nano-LC-MS/MS identifcation of proteins in complex biological samples using a novel polymer microfuidic device. J. Sep. Sci. 30(13), 2046-2052 (2007).
90. Flamini R, De Rosso M, Smaniotto A et al. Fast ana lysis of isobaric grape anthocyanins by chip-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 23(18), 2891-2896 (2009).
91. Mellors JS, Jorabchi K, Smith LM et al. Integrated microfuidic device for automated single cell ana lysis using electrophoretic separation and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 82(3), 967-973 (2010).
92. Nordman N, Sikanen T, Aura S et al. Feasibility of SU-8-based capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry microfuidic chips for the ana lysis of human cell lysates. Electrophoresis 31(22), 3745-3753 (2010).
93. Rosenling T, Slim CI, Christin C et al. The effect of preanalytical factors on stability of the proteome and selected metabolites in cerebrospinal fuid (CSF). J. Proteome Res. 8(12), 5511-5522 (2009).
94. Lasserre JP, Nicaud JM, Pagot Y et al. First complexomic study of alkane-binding protein complexes in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Talanta 80 (4), 1576-1585 (2010).
95. 2-reversed- phase high-performance liquid chromatography phosphochip coupled to a quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometer. Anal. Chem. 82(3), 824-832 (2010).
96. Froehlich J W, Chu CS, Tang N et al. Label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ana lysis with automated phosphopeptide enrichment reveals dynamic human milk protein phosphorylation during lactation. Anal. Biochem. 408(1), 136-146 (2011).
97. Rafalko A, Dai S, Hancock WS et al. Development of a chip/chip/SRM platform using digital chip isoelectric focusing and LC-chip mass spectrometry for enrichment and quantitation of low abundance protein biomarkers in human plasma. J. Proteome Res. 11(2), 808-817 (2012).
98. Polat AN, Kreiczek K, Heck AJR et al. Fully automated isotopic dimethyl labeling and phosphopeptide enrichment using a microfuidic HPLC phosphochip. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 404(8), 2507-2512 (2012).
99. Liu J, Chen C-F, Yang S et al. Mixed-mode electrokinetic and chromatographic peptide separations in a microvalve-integrated polymer chip. Lab Chip 10(16), 2122-2129 (2010).
100. Chambers AG, Mellors JS, Henley WH et al. Monolithic integration of two-dimensional liquid chromatography-capillary electrophoresis and electrospray ionization on a microfuidic device. Anal. Chem. 83(3), 842-849 (2011).
101. Bynum MA, Yin H, Felts K et al. Characterization of IgG N-glycans employing a microfuidic chip that integrates glycan cleavage, sample purifcation, LC separation, and MS detection. Anal. Chem. 81(21), 8818-8825 (2009).
102. Tao N, Wu S, Kim J et al. Evolutionary glycomics: Characterization of milk oligosaccharides in primates. J. Proteome Res. 10 (4), 1548-1557 (2011).
103. Huang Y, Shi X, Yu X et al. Improved liquid chromatography-MS/MS of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides via chip-based pulsed makeup fow. Anal. Chem. 83(21), 8222-8229 (2011).
104. Nwosu CC, Aldredge DL, Lee H et al. Comparison of the human and bovine milk N-glycome via high-performance microfuidic chip liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J. Proteome Res. 11(5), 2912-2924 (2012).
105. Hua S, Williams CC, Dimapasoc LM et al. Isomer-specifc chromatographic profling yields highly sensitive and specifc potential N-glycan biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer. J. Chromatogr. A 1279, 58-67 (2013).
106. Ni W, Bones J, Karger BL. In-depth characterization of N-linked oligosaccharides using fuoride-mediated negative ion microfuidic chip LC-MS. Anal. Chem. 85(6), 3127-3135 (2013).
107. 2a in human urine using microfuidic chip-based nano-liquid chromatography with on-chip sample enrichment and tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1218(15), 2085-2090 (2011).
108. Nordman N, Sikanen T, Moilanen ME et al. Rapid and sensitive drug metabolism studies by SU-8 microchip capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1218(5), 739-745 (2011).
109. Ohla S, Schulze P, Fritzsche S et al. Chip electrophoresis of active banana ingredients with label-free detection utilizing deep UV native fuorescence and mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 399(5), 1853-1857 (2011).
110. Chang Y, Zhao C, Wu Z et al. Chip-based nanofow high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for profling of soybean favonoids. Electrophoresis 33 (15), 2399-2406 (2012).
111. Houbart V, Servais AC, Charlier TD et al. A validated microfuidics-based LC-chip-MS/MS method for the quantitation of fuoxetine and norfuoxetine in rat serum. Electrophoresis 33(22), 3370-3379 (2012).
112. Zhu KY, Leung W, Ting AKL et al. Microfuidic chip based nano liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of abused drugs and metabolites in human hair. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 402(9), 2805-2815 (2012).