Six-Membered Heterocycles: 1, 2-, 1, 3-, and 1, 4-Diazines and Related Systems

Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry

Volumn 3, Issue , 2011, Pages 1683-1776

  Cabal, María Paz ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OVIEDO   (Spain)

Author keywords

Diazines; Natural compounds; Pyrazines; Pyridazines; Pyrimidines; Synthesis and reactivity

Indexed keywords

EID: 84885800849     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527637737.ch19     Document Type: Chapter

References (252)

1. Tishler, M. and Stanovnik, B. (1968) Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 9, 211.
2. Tishler, M. and Stanovnik, B. (1979) Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 24, 363.
3. Tishler, M. and Stanovnik, B. (1990) Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 49, 385.
4. Kwiatkowski, J.S. and Pullman, B. (1975) Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 18, 200.
5. Cheeseman, G.W.H. and Werstiuk, E.S.G. (1972) Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 14, 99.
6. Katritzky, A.R. (1985) Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Pergamon Press.
7. Wiberg, K.B., Nakaji, D., and Breneman, C.M. (1989) Journal of the American Chemical Society, 111, 4178.
8. Simkin, B.Y., Minkin, V.I., and Glukhovtsev, M.N. (1993) Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 56, 303.
9. von Philipsborn, W. and Müller, R. (1986) Angewandte Chemie - International Edition in English, 25, 383.10.
10. Hassal, C.H., Johnson, W.H., and Theobald, C.J. (1979) Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 1451.
11. Morimote, K., Shimada, N., Naganawa, H., Takita, T., and Umezawa, H. (1982) Journal of Antibiotics, 35, 378.
12. Grote, R., Chen, Y., Zeeck, A., Chen, Z., Zöhner, H., Mischnick-Lübbecke, P., and König, W.A. (1988) Journal of Antibiotics, 41, 595.
13. Wermuth, C.G. and Biziére, K. (1986) Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 7, 421.
14. Heaulme, M., Chambon, J.P., Leyris, R., Wermuth, C.G., and Biziére, K. (1986) Neuropharmacology, 25, 1279.
15. Contreras, J.M., Parrot, I., Sippl, W., Rival, Y., and Wermuth, C.G. (2001) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 44, 2707.
16. Wermuth, C.G. (1998) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 35, 1091.
17. Blackburn, G.M. and Gait, M.J. (1996) Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology, Oxford University Press.
18. Elion, G.B. (1989) Angewandte Chemie - International Edition in English, 28, 870.
19. Fischer, E. (1886) Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 236, 147.
20. Schmidt, P. and Druey, J. (1954)Helvetica Chimica Acta, 37, 134.
21. Shalaby, A.A. (1990) Journal fur Praktische Chemie, 332, 104.
22. Deeb, A., Bayoumy, B., Yasine, F., and Fikry, R. (1992) Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung, B, 47, 418.
23. Hiremath, S.P., Jivanagi, A.S., and Purohit, M.G. (1993) Indian Journal of Chemistry Section B-Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 32, 662.
24. Akhtar, M.S., Sharma, V.L., and Bhaduri, A.P. (1987) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 24, 23.
25. (a) Stanovnik, B. (1997) Houben-Weyl, vol.E9a, Thieme, Stuttgart, p. 568.
26. (b) Altomare, C., Cellamare, S., Summo, L., Catto, M., Carotti, A., Thull, U., Carrupt, P.-A., Testa, B., and Stoeckli-Evans, H. (1998) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 41, 3812.
27. Tóth, G., Molnár, S., Tamás, T., and Borbély, I. (1997) Synthetic Communications, 27, 3513.
28. Overend, W.G. and Wiggins, L.F. (1947) Journal of the Chemical Society, 239.
29. Steck, E.A., Brundage, R.P., and Fletcher, L.T. (1953) Journal of the American Chemical Society, 75, 1117.
30. Wipf, P. and Methot, J.-L. (1999) Organic Letters, 1, 1253.
31. Maghioros, G., Schlewer, G., and Wermuth, C.G. (1985) Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 865.
32. Coates, W.J. and McKillop, A. (1993) Synthesis, 334.
33. Chen, Y., Lam, Y., and Lee, S.-Y. (2001) Chemistry Letters, 274.
34. Hirsch, J.A. and Szur, A.J. (1972) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 9, 523.
35. Rio, G. and Lecas-Nawrocka, A. (1974) Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 2824.
36. Nad, S. and Breinbauer, R. (2005) Synthesis, 3654.
37. Feuer, H., White, E.H., and Wyman, J.E. (1958) Journal of the American Chemical Society, 80, 3790.
38. Coad, P. and Coad, R.A. (1963) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 28, 1919.
39. Estevez, I., Raviña, E., and Sotelo, E. (1998) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 35, 1421.
40. Pizzioli, L., Ornik, B., Svete, J., and Stanovnik, B. (1998) Helvetica Chimica Acta, 81, 231.
41. Kobayashi, T., Miki, K., Nikacen, B., and Ohta, A. (2001) Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 1372.
42. Elassar, A.A. (1999) Journal of Chemical Research-S, 96.
43. Haggag, B.M. and Allam, Y.A. (1999) The Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 42, 199.
44. Chemical Abstracts, (2000) 132, 279138.
45. Hamberger, H., Reinshagen, H., Schulz, G., and Sigmund, G. (1977) Tetrahedron Letters, 18, 3619.
46. Contreras, J.-M., Rival, Y.M., Chayer, S., Bourguignon, J.-J., and Wermuth, C.G. (1999) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 42, 73.
47. Al-Omran, E., Al-Awadl, N., Yousef, O., and Elnadgi, M.H. (2000) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 37, 167.
48. Behbehani, H., Andel-Khalik, M.M., and Elnadgi, M.H. (1999) Organic Preparations and Procedures International, 31, 551.
49. Sotelo, E., Mocelo, R., Suárez, M., and Loupy, A. (1997) Synthetic Communications, 27, 2419.
50. Attanasi, O.A., Filippone, P., Fiorucci, C., and Mantellini, F. (1997) Synlett, 1361.
51. Attanasi, O.A., Ballini, R., De Crescentini, L., Filippone, P., and Mantellini, F. (1999) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 64, 9653.
52. Attanasi, O.A., Filippone, P., Fiorucci, C., Foresti, E., and Mantellini, F. (1998) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 63, 9880.
53. Ghozlan, S.A.S., Mohamed, M.H., Fakhr, Y., and Elnagdi, M.H. (1990) Annalen der Chemie-Justus Liebig, 3, 293.
54. Ito, S., Kakehi, A., and Okada, K. (1999) Heterocycles, 51, 2949.
55. Erian, A.W., Araki, V.F., Aziz, S.I., and Sherif, S.M. (1999) Monatshefte fur Chemie, 130, 661.
56. Guillaume, M., Janousek, Z., and Viehe, H.G. (1995) Synthesis, 920.
57. Boger, D.L. (1986) Chemical Reviews, 86, 781.
58. Boger, D.L. and Weinreb, S.M. (1987) Hetero Diels-Alder Methodology in Organic Synthesis, Academic Press, New York.
59. Sakamoto, T., Funami, N., Kondo, Y., and Yamanaka, H. (1991) Heterocycles, 32, 1387.
60. Wan, Z.-K., Woo, G.H.C., and Snyder, J.K. (2001) Tetrahedron, 57, 5497.
61. Panek, J.S. and Zhu, B. (1996) Tetrahedron Letters, 37, 8151.
62. Nakayama, J., Hasemi, R., Yoshimura, K., Sugijara, Y., Yamaoka, S., and Nakamura, N. (1998) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 63, 4912.
63. South, M.S., Jakuboski, T.L., Westmeyer, M.D., and Dukesherer, D.R. (1996) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 61, 8921.
64. Vors, J.P. (1991) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 28, 1043.
65. South, M.S. (1999) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 36, 301.
66. South, M.S., Jakuboski, T.L., Westmeyer, M.D., and Dukesherer, D.R. (1996) Tetrahedron Letters, 37, 1351.
67. Broker, S. and Nelly, R.J. (1996) Journal of The Chemical Society-Dalton Transactions, 2117.
68. Mernari, B. and Lagrenee, M. (1996) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 33, 2059.
69. Lim, Y.J., Angela, M., and Buonora, P.T. (2003) Tetrahedron Letters, 44, 7799.
70. Al Dulayymi, J.R. and Baird, M.S. (1998) Tetrahedron, 54, 12897.
71. Rykowski, A., Wolinska, E., and Van der Plas, H.C. (2000) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 37, 879.
72. Kamata, K. and Tsuge, O. (1986) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 23, 557.
73. Kamata, K. and Tsuge, O. (1986) Heterocycles, 24, 3059.
74. Potácek, M., Vetchỳ, D., Novácek, E., Císarová, I., and Podlaha, J. (1996) Molecules, 1, 152.
75. Kamata, K. and Tsuge, O. (1985) Heterocycles, 23, 1675.
76. Nakayama, J., Konishi, T., Ishii, A., and Hoshino, M. (1989) Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 62, 2608.
77. Ajello, E. (1972) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 9, 1427.
78. Biginelli, P. (1893) Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 23, 360.
79. Kappe, C.O. (1993) Tetrahedron, 49, 6937.
80. Gong, L.-Z., Chen, X.-H., and Xu, X.-Y. (2007) Chemistry - A European Journal, 13, 8920.
81. Eynde, J.J.V., Hecq, N., Kataeva, O., and Kappe, C.O. (2001) Tetrahedron, 57, 1785.
82. Milcent, R., Malanda, J.-C., Barbier, G., and Vaissermann, J. (1997) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 34, 329.
83. Kidway, M., Saxena, S., Mohan, R., and Venkataramanan, R. (2002) Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 1845.
84. Molteni, V., Hamilton, M.H., Mao, L., Crane, C.M., Termin, A.P., and Wilson, D.M. (2002) Synthesis, 1669.
85. Karpov, A.S. and Müller, T.J.J. (2003) Synthesis, 2815.
86. Karpov, A.S. and Müller, T.J.J. (2003) Organic Letters, 19, 3451.
87. Herrera, A., Martínez, R., González, B., Illescas, B., Martín, N., and Soanes, C. (1997) Tetrahedron Letters, 38, 4873.
88. Martinez, A.G., Fernández, A.H., álvarez, R.M., Vilchez, M.D.M., Gutiérrez, M.L.L., and Subramanian, L.R. (1999) Tetrahedron, 55, 4825.
89. Martínez, A.G., Fernández, A.H., and Jiménez, F.M. (1992) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 57, 1627.
90. Ingebrigtsen, T., Helland, I., and Lejon, T. (2005) Heterocycles, 65, 2593.
91. VanAllan, J.A. (1963) Organic Syntheses, Coll Vol. IV, 245.
92. Sherman, W.R. and Taylor, E.C. (1963) Organic Syntheses, Coll Vol. IV, 247.
93. Foster, H.M. and Snyder, H.R. (1963) Organic Syntheses, Coll Vol. IV, 638.
94. Crosby, D.G., Berthold, R.V., and Johnson, H.E. (1973) Organic Syntheses, Coll Vol. V, 703.
95. Papel, A.L. and Marsura, A. (1993) Synthesis, 478.
96. Kenner, G.W., Lythgoe, B., Todd, A.R., and Topham, A. (1943) Journal of the Chemical Society, 688.
97. Gangjee, A., Yu, J., McGuire, J.J., Cody, V., Galitsky, N., Kisliuk, R.L., and Queener, S.F. (2000) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 43, 3837.
98. Varga, J., Nagy, T., Kövesdi, I., Benet-Buchholz, J., Dormán, G., Ürge, L., and Darvas, F. (2003) Tetrahedron, 59, 655.
99. Almansa, C., de Arriba, A.F., Cavalcanti, F.L., Gómez, L.A., Miralles, A., Merlos, M., García-Rafanell, J., and Pom, J. (2001) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 44, 350.
100. Al-Afaleq, E. (2000) Synthetic Communications, 30, 1985.
101. Fresneda, P.M., Molina, P., Delgado, S., and Bleda, J.A. (2000) Tetrahedron Letters, 41, 4777.
102. Pezet, F., Routaboul, L., Daran, J.-C., Sasaki, I., Ait-Haddou, H., and Balavoine, G.G.A. (2000) Tetrahedron, 56, 8489.
103. Booth, B.L., Cabral, I.M., Dias, A.M., Freitas, A.P., Beja, A.M.M., Proenca, M.F., and Silva, M.R. (2001) Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 1241.
104. Asobo, P.F., Wahe, H., Mbafor, J.T., Nkenggfack, A.E., Fomum, Z.T., Sopbue, E.F., and Döpp, D. (2001) Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 457.
105. Mc Cauley, J.A., Theberge, C.R., and Liverton, N.J. (2000) Organic Letters, 2, 3389.
106. Bagley, M.C., Hughes, D.D., Sabo, H.M., Taylor, P.H., and Xiong, X. (2003) Synlett, 1443.
107. Adamo, M.F.A., Adlington, R.M., Baldwin, J.E., Pritchard, G.J., and Rathmell, R.E. (2003) Tetrahedron, 59, 2197.
108. Bagley, M.C., Hughes, D.D., and Taylor, P.H. (2003) Synlett, 259.
109. Parlato, M.C., Mugnaini, C., Renzulli, M.L., Corelli, F., and Botta, M. (2004) Arkivoc, 5, 349.
110. Saito, T., Ohkubo, T., Kuboki, H., Maeda, M., Tsuda, K., Karakasa, T., and Satsumabayashi, S. (1998) Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 3065.
111. Rossi, E., Abbiati, G., and Pini, E. (1999) Synlett, 1265.
112. Tsuritani, T., Shinokubo, H., and Oshima, K. (2004) Chemistry Letters, 2, 122.
113. Ooi, T., Takahashi, M., Doda, K., and Maruoka, K. (2002) Journal of the American Chemical Society, 124, 7640.
114. Chowdhary, A.Z.M.S. and Shibata, Y. (2001) Heterocycles, 55, 115.
115. Kumar, N., Singh, G., and Yadav, A.K. (2001) Heteroatom Chemistry, 12, 52.
116. Shaw, G. and Warrener, R.N. (1958) Journal of the Chemical Society, 157.
117. Boyd, H.F., Hammond, B., Hickey, D.M.B., Ife, R.J., Leach, C.A., Lewis, V.A., Macphee, C.H., Milliner, K.J., Pinto, I.L., Smith, S.A., Stansfield, I.G., Theobaid, C.J., and Whittaker, C.M. (2001) Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 701.
118. Yamashita, M., Reddy, V.K., Reddy, P.M., Kato, Y., Haritha, B., Suzuki, K., Yakahashi, M., and Oshikawa, T. (2003) Tetrahedron Letters, 44, 3387.
119. Hronowski, L.J.J. and Szarek, W.A. (1985) Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 63, 2787.
120. Fulle, F. and Muller, C.E. (2000) Heterocycles, 53, 347.
121. Boger, D.L. and Weinreb, S.M. (1987) Hetero Diels-AlderMethodology in Organic Synthesis, Academic Press, San Diego, Chap. 10.
122. Boger, D.L., Schumacher, J., Mullican, M.D., Patel, M., and Panek, J.S. (1982) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 47, 2673.
123. Boger, D.L., Menezes, R.F., and Dang, Q. (1992) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 57, 4333.
124. Pearson, M.S.M., Robin, A., Bourgougnon, N., Meslin, J.C., and Deniaud, D. (2003) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 68, 8583.
125. Keen, S.P. and Weinreb, S.M. (2000) Tetrahedron Letters, 41, 4307.
126. Flament, I. and Stoll, M. (1967) Helvetica Chimica Acta, 50, 1754.
127. Darkins, P., Groarke, M., McKervey, M.A., Moncrieff, H.M., McCarthy, N., and Nieuwenhuyzen, M. (2000) Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 381.
128. Kamitori, Y. (2001) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 38, 773.
129. Rothkopf, H.W., Wöhrle, D., Müller, R., and Kossmehl, G. (1975) Chemische Berichte, 108, 875.
130. Kano, S., Takahagi, Y., and Shibuya, S. (1978) Synthesis, 372.
131. Bradbury, R.H., Griffiths, D., and Rivett, J.E. (1990) Heterocycles, 31, 1647.
132. Raw, S.A., Wilfred, C.D., and Taylor, R.J.K. (2003) Chemical Communications, 2286.
133. Zhao, Z., Wisnoski, D.D., Wolkenberg, S.E., Leister, W.H., Wang, Y., and Lindsley, C.W. (2004) Tetrahedron Letters, 45, 4873.
134. Blake, K.W., Porter, A.E.A., and Sammes, P.G. (1972) Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 2494.
135. Adam, I., Orain, D., and Meier, P. (2004) Synlett, 2031.
136. Matsushita, H., Lee, S.-H., Yoshida, K., Clapham, B., Koch, G., Zimmermann, J., and Janda, K.D. (2004) Organic Letters, 6, 4627.
137. Chandrasekhar, S. and Gopalaih, K. (2001) Tetrahedron Letters, 42, 8123.
138. Palacios, F., Retana, A.M.O., Gil, J.I., and Munain, R.F. (2002) Organic Letters, 4, 2405.
139. Büchi, G. and Galindo, J. (1991) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 56, 2605.
140. Sato, N. and Ono, M. (2000) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 37, 419.
141. Chambers, R.D., Maslakiewicz, J.R., and Srivastava, K.C. (1975) Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 1130.
142. Wierzchowski, K.L., Shuger, D., and Katritzky, A.R. (1963) Journal of the American Chemical Society, 85, 827.
143. Grimmett, M.R. and Keene, B.R.T. (1988) Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 43, 127.
144. Lund, H. and Lunde, P. (1967) Acta Chemica Scandinavica (Copenhagen, Denmark: 1989), 21, 1067.
145. Curphey, T.J. and Prasad, K.S. (1972) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 37, 2259.
146. Kumar, S., Hundal, G., Paul, D., Hundal, M.S., and Singh, H. (1999) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 64, 7717.
147. Suzuki, I., Nakadate, M., and Sueyoshi, S. (1968) Tetrahedron Letters, 9, 1855.
148. Ogata, M. and Kano, H. (1963) Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 11, 29.
149. Sato, N. (1983) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 20, 169.
150. Yamanaka, H., Ogawa, S., and Sakamoto, T. (1981) Heterocycles, 16, 573.
151. Joule, J.A. and Mills, K. (2000)Heterocyclic Chemistry, Blackwell Science, Oxford, p. 197.
152. Tisler, M. and Stanovnik, B. (1990) Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 49, 385.
153. Katritzky, A.R. (1985) Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Pergamon Press, Oxford, p. 158.
154. Tisler, M. and Stanovnik, B. (1968) Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 9, 211.
155. Eicher, T. and Hauptman, S. (1995) The Chemistry of Heterocycles, Thieme, New York, p. 398.
156. Druey, J., Meier, K., and Stachelin, A. (1962) Helvetica Chimica Acta, 45, 1485.
157. Kang, Y.J., Lee, W.S., Kim, H.K., and Yoon, Y.J. (2000) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 37, 1049.
158. Gainer, H., Kokorudz, M., and Langdon, W.K. (1961) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 26, 2360.
159. Holm, T. (1990) Acta Chemica Scandinavica - Series B: Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, 44, 279.
160. Itoh, T., Matsuya, Y., Nagata, K., Okada, M., and Ohsawa, A. (1995) Journal of the Chemical Society. Chemical Communications, 2067.
161. Strekowski, L., Harden, D.B., Grubb, W.B., Patterson, S.E., Czarny, A., Makrosz, M.J., Cegla, M.T., and Wydra, R.L. (1990) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 27, 1393.
162. Choppin, S., Gros, P., and Fort, Y. (2000) Organic Letters, 2, 803.
163. Quiroga, J., Alvarado, M., and Insuasty, B. (1999) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 36, 113.
164. Taylor, E.C. and Lui, B. (1999) Tetrahedron Letters, 40, 4023.
165. Hara, H. and van der Plas, H.C. (1982) Journal ofHeterocyclic Chemistry, 19, 1285.
166. Aso, M., Ikeno, T., Norias, K., Tanaka, M., Koga, N., and Suemune, H. (2001) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 66, 3513.
167. Yamanake, H. and Ohba, S. (1990) Heterocycles, 31, 895.
168. Drape, T.L. and Bailey, T.R. (1995) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 60, 748.
169. Leprête, A., Turck, A., Plé, K., Knochel, P., and Quéguiner, G. (2000) Tetrahedron, 56, 265.
170. Heaney, F., Burke, C., Cunningham, D., and McArdle, P. (2001) Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 668.
171. Volovenko, Y.M. and Blyumin, E.V. (2000) Tetrahedron, 56, 5185.
172. Lee, Y.S. and Kim, Y.H. (1999) Synthetic Communications, 29, 1503.
173. Schmidt, A. and Nieger, M. (1999) Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 1325.
174. Van der Plas, H.C. (1978) Accounts of Chemical Research, 11, 462.
175. Trafelet, H., Stulz, E., and Leumann, C. (2001) Helvetica Chimica Acta, 84, 87.
176. Giordano, C., Fratini, F., Atañáis, D., and Cellar, L. (2001) Synthesis, 565.
177. Bessard, Y. and Crettaz, R. (2000) Tetrahedron, 56, 4739.
178. Braun, T., Foxon, S.P., Perutz, R.N., and Walton, P.H. (1999) Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 38, 3326.
179. Shirai, K., Hou, D., Fukunishi, K., and Matsuoka, M. (2000) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 37, 1299.
180. Sato, N. and Narita, N. (1999) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 36, 783.
181. Boger, D.L. and Weinreb, S.N. (1987) Hetero Diels-AlderMethodology in Organic Synthesis, Academic Press, New York, p. 313.
182. Boger, D.L. and Coleman, R.S. (1984) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 49, 2240.
183. Giomi, D. and Cecchi, M. (2002) Tetrahedron, 58, 8067.
184. Martin, J.C. (1980) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 17, 1111.
185. Stolle, W.A.W., Frissen, A.E., Marcelis, A.T.M., and Van der Plas, H.C. (1992) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 57, 3000.
186. Tarasov, E.V., Henckens, A., Ceulemans, E., and Dehaen, W. (2000) Synlett, 625.
187. Choy, N., Blanco, B., Wen, J., Krishan, A., and Russell, K.C. (2000) Organic Letters, 2, 3761.
188. Biedrzycki, M., De Bie, D.A., and Van der Plas, H.C. (1989) Tetrahedron, 45, 6211.
189. Russell, J.R., Garner, C.D., and Joule, J.A. (1992) Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 409.
190. Boger, D.L., Boyee, C.W., Labroli, M.A., Sehon, C.A., and Jin, Q. (1999) Journal of the American Chemical Society, 121, 54.
191. Manh, G.T., Hazard, R., Pradére, J.P., Tallec, A., Raoult, E., and Dubreuil, D. (2000) Tetrahedron Letters, 41, 647.
192. Jones, R.G. and McLaughlin, K.C. (1963) Organic Syntheses, Coll Vol. IV, 824.
193. Keiner, A. (1992) Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 31, 774.
194. Gotor, V., Quirós, M., Liz, R., Fridga, J., and Fernández, R. (1997) Tetrahedron, 53, 6421.
195. Tanji, S., Kodaka, Y., Shibata, T., and Soai, K. (2000) Heterocycles, 52, 151.
196. Turck, A., Plé, N., Mongin, F., and Quéguiner, G. (2001) Tetrahedron, 57, 4489.
197. Turck, A., Plé, N., Couture, K., and Quéguiner, G. (1995) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 60, 3781.
198. Pollet, P., Turck, N., Plé, N., and Quéguiner, G. (1999) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 64, 4512.
199. Fruit, C., Turck, A., Plé, N., Mojovic, L., and Quéguiner, G. (2002) Tetrahedron, 58, 2743.
200. Quéguiner, G., Marsais, F., Snieckus, V., and Epszajn, J. (1991) Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 52, 187.
201. Turck, A., Plé, N., Mongin, F., and Quéguiner, G. (1990) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 27, 1377.
202. Shimura, A., Momotake, A., Togo, H., and Yokoyama, M. (1999) Synthesis, 495.
203. Fruit, C., Turck, A., Plé, N., and Queguiner, G. (1999) Heterocycles, 31, 2407.
204. Li, J.J. and Gribble, G.W. (2000) Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Pergamon Press, New York, p. 355.
205. Guery, S., Parrot, Y., Rival, C., and Wemuth, G. (2001) Tetrahedron Letters, 42, 2115.
206. Aldous, D., Bower, S., Moorcroft, N., and Todd, M. (2001) Synlett, 150.
207. Parrot, I., Ritter, G., Wermuth, C.G., and Hibert, M. (2002) Synlett, 1123.
208. Coelho, A., Sotelo, E., and Raviña, E. (2003) Tetrahedron, 59, 2477.
209. Sotelo, E., Coelho, A., and Raviña, E. (2003) Tetrahedron Letters, 44, 4459.
210. Sotelo, E., Fraiz, N., Yánez, M., Terrados, V., Laguna, R., Cano, E., and Raviña, E. (2002) Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 10, 2873.
211. Sotelo, E. and Raviña, E. (2003) Synlett, 1113.
212. Turck, A., Plé, N., Lepretre-Graquere, A., and Quéguiner, G. (1998) Heterocycles, 49, 205.
213. Sandosham, J. and Undheim, K. (1994) Heterocycles, 39, 501.
214. Angioletti, M.E., Casalnuovo, A.I., and Shelby, T.P. (2000) Synlett, 905.
215. Kusturin, C., Liebeskind, L.S., Rahman, H., Sample, K., Schweitzer, B., Srogl, J., and Neumann, W.I. (2003) Organic Letters, 5, 4349.
216. Benderitter, P., de Araújo, J.X. Jr., Schmitt, M., and Bourguignon, J.-J. (2007) Tetrahedron, 63, 12465.
217. Petricci, E., Radi, M., Corelli, F., and Botta, M. (2003) Tetrahedron Letters, 44, 9181.
218. Reetz, M.T., Lohmer, G., and Schwickardi, R. (1998) Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 37, 481.
219. Littke, A.F. and Fu, G.C. (1998) Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 37, 3387.
220. Buchwald, S.L. and Wolfe, J.P. (1999) Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 38, 2413.
221. Akita, Y., Shimazaki, M., and Otha, A. (1981) Synthesis, 974.
222. Otha, A., Otha, M., and Watanabe, T. (1986) Heterocycles, 24, 785.
223. Nakamura, H., Takeuchi, D., and Murai, A. (1995) Synlett, 1227.
224. Sato, N. and Narita, N. (2001) Synthesis, 1551.
225. Jones, K., Keenan, M., and Hibbert, F. (1996) Synlett, 509.
226. Otha, A., Itoh, R., Kaneko, Y., Koike, H., and Yuasa, K. (1989) Heterocycles, 29, 939.
227. Akita, Y. and Ohta, A. (1982) Heterocycles, 19, 329.
228. Nakamura, H., Wu, C., Takeuchi, D., and Murai, A. (1998) Tetrahedron Letters, 39, 301.
229. Turck, A., Plé, N., Dognon, A.D., Harmony, C., and Quéguiner, G. (1994) Journal ofHeterocyclic Chemistry, 31, 1449.
230. Akita, Y., Inoue, A., and Ohta, A. (1986) Heterocycles, 24, 2093.
231. Akita, Y, Noguchi, T., Sugimoto, M., and Ohta, A. (1986) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 23, 1481.
232. Aoyagi, Y., Inoue, A., Koizumi, I., Hashimoto, R., Tokunaga, K., Gohma, K., Komatsu, J., Sekine, K., Miyafuji, A., Cono, J., Honma, R., Akita, Y., and Ohta, A. (1992) Heterocycles, 33 257.
233. Walter, J.A. II, Chen, J.J., Hinkley, J.M., Wise, D.S., and Townsend, L.B. (1997) Nucleosides & Nucleotides, 16, 1999.
234. Bessard, Y. and Crettaz, R. (1999) Tetrahedron, 55, 405.
235. Takeuchi, R., Suzuki, K., and Sato, N. (1990) Synthesis, 923.
236. Yamanaka, H., Sakamoto, T., and Niitsuma, S. (1990) Heterocycles, 31, 923.
237. Kocevar, M., Mlakar, B., Perdih, M., Petric, A., Polanc, S., and Vercek, B. (1992) Tetrahedron Letters, 33, 2195.
238. Sato, N. (1989) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 26, 817.
239. Aoyagi, Y., Maeda, A., Inoue, M., Shiraishi, M., Sakakibara, Y., Fukui, Y., and Otha, A. (1991) Heterocycles, 32, 735.
240. Martinez-Barrasa, V., Delgado, F., Burgos, C., García-Navío, J.L., Izquierdo, M.L., and Alvarez-Builla, J. (2000) Tetrahedron, 56, 2481.
241. Laneri, S., Saachi, A., and Abignente, E. (2000) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 37, 1265.
242. Insuasty, B., Pérez, A., González, D., Quiroga, J., and Meier, H. (2000) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 37, 193.
243. Barnett, C.J. and Grubb, I.M. (2000) Tetrahedron, 56, 9221.
244. Abu-Shanab, F.A., Wakefield, B.J., and Elnagdi, M.H. (1997) Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 68, 181.
245. Strekowski, L., Wydra, R.L., Janda, L., and Harden, D.B. (1991) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 56, 5610.
246. Wanhoff, H., Dzenis, J., and Hirota, K. (1992) Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 55, 129.
247. Bischofberger, N. (1989) Tetrahedron Letters, 30, 1621.
248. Sugimoto, O., Mori, M., and Tanji, K.-I. (1999) Tetrahedron Letters, 40, 7477.
249. Sato, N. and Narita, N. (1999) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 36, 783.
250. Reese, C.B. and Varaprasad, C.V.N.S. (1994) Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 189.
251. Bergstrom, D.E. and Agosta, W.C. (1974) Tetrahedron Letters, 15, 1087.
252. Itahara, T. and Ide, N. (1992) Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 65, 2045.