Of empires and citizens: Pro-American democracy or no democracy at all?

Of Empires and Citizens: Pro-American Democracy or No Democracy at All?

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages

  Jamal, Amaney A ^a  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84884098009     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (425)

1. Abou El Fadl, Khaled. Islam and the Challenge of Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.
2. Acemoglu, Darren, and James Robinson. The Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
3. Adorno, Theodor W. The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1950.
4. Adserà, Alícia, and Carles Boix. "Trade, Democracy, and the Size of the Public Sector: The Political Underpinnings of Openness." International Organization 56, no. 2 (2002): 229-62.
5. El-Affendi, Abdelwahab. "The Elusive Reformation." Journal of Democracy 24, no. 2 (2003): 34-39.
6. Afoaku, Osita G. Explaining the Failure of Democracy in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Autocracy and Dissent in an Ambivalent World. Lewiston, NY: Mellen, 2005.
7. Afoaku, Osita G. "U.S. Foreign Policy and Authoritarian Regimes: Change and Continuity in International Clientelism." Journal of Third World Studies 17, no. 2 (2000): 13-40.
8. Almond, Gabriel, Samuel Huntington, and Myron Weiner. Understanding Political Development: An Analytic Study. Boston: Little, Brown, 1987.
9. Almond, Gabriel, and Sidney Verba. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963.
10. Alt, James E., and Michael Gilligan. "The Political Economy of Trading States: Factor Specificity, Collective Action Problems and Domestic Political Institutions." Journal of Political Philosophy 2, no. 2 (1994): 165-92.
11. Alyami, Ali. "Saudi Arabia: The Gathering Storm." Journal of International Security Affairs 15 (2008): n.p. Accessed January 2009 at http://www.securityaffairs.org/issues/2008/15/alyami.php.
12. AME Info. "Jordan Looks Near and Far for Economic Growth." February 2007. Accessed January 2008 at http://www.ameinfo.com/110694.html.
13. AME Info. "Kuwait: 2002 Economic Data." July 2003. Accessed January 2008 at http://www.ameinfo.com/25866.html.
14. Anderson, Betty S. Nationalistic Voices in Jordan. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005.
15. Anderson, Lisa. "Arab Democracy: Dismal Prospects." World Policy Journal 18, no. 3 (2001): 53-60.
16. Anderson, Lisa. "Peace and Democracy in the Middle East: The Constraints of Soft Budgets." Journal of International Affairs 49, no. 1 (1995): 25-45.
17. Anderson, Lisa. "The State in the Middle East and North Africa." Comparative Politics 20, no. 1 (1987): 1-18.
18. Andoni, Lamis. "Has Jordan Turned Its Back on Pan-Arabism?" Middle East International 573 (1998): 18-19.
19. Andoni, Lamis. "King Abdallah: In His Father's Footsteps?" Journal of Palestinian Studies 29, no. 3 (2000): 77-89.
20. Arab Barometer 2005-6. Principal Investigators Mark Tessler and Amaney Jamal. Accessed January 2012 at http://www.arabbarometer.org/survey/survey.html.
21. Arab Barometer 2011. Principal Investigators Mark Tessler and Amaney Jamal. Accessed January 2012 at http://www.arabbarometer.org/survey/survey.html.
22. Arkin, William M. "Keeping Secrets in Jordan." Washington Post, November 16, 2005. Accessed January 2008 at http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article11031.htm.
23. Asseburg, Muriel, and Daniel Brumberg, eds. The Challenges of Islamists for EU and US Policies: Conflict, Stability, and Reform. Washington, DC: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik/United States Institute of Peace, 2007. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/research_papers/2007_RP12_ass_brumberg_ks.pdf.
24. Associated Press. "Kuwait to Give $500M for Katrina Relief." September 4, 2005. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,168443,00.html.
25. Associated Press. "Palestinian Economy Shrinks 21% in Fourth Quarter of 2006." February 2, 2007. Accessed December 2007 at http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/830389.html.
26. Awadallah, Bassem. "Jordan's Economic Miracle." February 3, 2003. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.jordanembassyus.org/new/events/event_02032003.htm.
27. Ayoob, Mohammad. The Many Faces of Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Muslim World. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2008.
28. Baker, Andy, and David Cuorey. "Understanding Anti-Americanism in Latin America: The Influence of Economic Exchange and Foreign Policy Legacies on Mass Attitudes toward the U.S." Paper presented at the Workshop on Anti-Americanism, Princeton University, May 2011.
29. Baker, James. Interview, PBS Frontline. October 2001. Accessed August 2008 at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/interviews/baker.html.
30. Baldwin, Peter. The Politics of Social Solidarity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
31. Barari, Hassan. "Elections in Jordan: Poor Showing for Islamists." December 13, 2007. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.ikhwanweb.com/Article.asp?ID=14866&SectionID=0.
32. Barsalou, Judy. Islamists at the Ballot Box: Findings from Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, and Turkey. United States Institute of Peace Special Report no. 144. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 2005. Accessed December 2007 at http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr144.html.
33. Bates, Robert. "The Impulse to Reform." In Economic Change and Political Liberalization in Sub-Saharan Africa, ed. Jennifer Widner, 13-28. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
34. Beblawi, Hazem. "The Rentier State in the Arab World." In The Arab State, ed. Giacomo Luciani, 85-98. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1990.
35. Beehner, Lionel. The Effects of the Amman Bombings on US-Jordanian Relations. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 2005. Accessed October 2007 at http://www.cfr.org/publication/9200/.
36. Bellin, Eva. "Coercive Institutions and Coercive Leaders." In Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Regimes and Resistance, ed. Marsha Pripstein Posusney and Michele Penner Angrist, 21-41. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2005.
37. Bellin, Eva. "The Politics of Profit in Tunisia: Utility of the Rentier Paradigm?" World Development 22, no. 3 (1994): 427-36.
38. Bellin, Eva. "The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective." Comparative Politics 36, no. 2 (2004): 139-57.
39. Bellin, Eva. Stalled Democracy: Capital, Labor and the Paradox of State-Sponsored Development. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002.
40. Bermeo, Nancy. "Myths of Moderation: Confrontation and Conflict during Democratic Transitions." Comparative Politics 29, no. 3 (1997): 305.
41. Bermeo, Nancy. Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times: The Citizenry and the Breakdown of Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.
42. Beschel, Robert, Nadereh Chamlou, Dipak Dasgupta, and Tarik Yousef. Unlocking the Employment Potential in the Middle East and North Africa: Toward a New Social Contract. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2004.
43. Bilgin, Hasret Dikici. "Foreign Policy Orientation of Turkey's Pro-Islamist Parties: A Comparative Study of the AKP and Refah." Turkish Studies 9, no. 3 (2008): 407-21.
44. Black, Ian. "Sanctions Causing Gaza to Implode, Say Rights Groups." Guardian, March 6, 2008. Accessed August 2008 at http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/mar/06/israelandthepalestinians.humanrights.
45. Blanchard, Christopher M., and Jeremy M. Sharp. U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians. Congressional Research Service Report, July 27, 2006. Accessed December 2011 at http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/68794.pdf.
46. Blaydes, Lisa. Elections and Distributive Politics in Mubarak's Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
47. Boix, Carles. Democracy and Redistribution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
48. Boix, Carles, and Luis Garicano, "Democracy, Inequality, and Country-Specific Wealth." Unpublished manuscript, 2002.
49. Boix, Carles, and Milan Svolik. "Non-tyrannical Autocracies." Paper presented at the Comparative Politics seminar, University of California-Los Angeles, 2007.
50. Bookmiller, Robert. "Abdullah's Jordan: America's Anxious Ally." Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations 2, no. 2 (2003): 174-95.
51. Boulby, Marion. The Muslim Brotherhood and the Kings of Jordan, 1945-1993. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1999.
52. Bowen, John R. 2007. "Anti-Americanism as Schemas and Diacritics in France and Indonesia." In Anti-Americanisms in World Politics, ed. Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane, 227-50. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
53. Brand, Laurie A. "The Effects of the Peace Process on Political Liberalization in Jordan." Journal of Palestine Studies 28, no. 2 (1999): 52-67.
54. Brand, Laurie A. Jordan's Inter-Arab Relations: The Political Economy of Alliance Making. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995.
55. Brand, Laurie A. "Palestinians and Jordanians: A Crisis of Identity." Journal of Palestine Studies 24, no. 4 (1995): 46-61.
56. Brinks, Daniel, and Michael Coppedge. "Diffusion Is No Illusion: Neighbor Emulation in the Third Wave of Democracy." Comparative Political Studies 39, no. 4 (2006): 463-89.
57. Brown, Nathan J. Aftermath of the Hamas Tsunami. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2006.
58. Brown, Nathan J. Are Palestinians Building a State? Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010.
59. Brown, Nathan J. Fayyad Is Not the Problem, but Fayyadism Is Not the Solution to Palestine's Political Crisis. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010.
60. Brown, Nathan J. Jordan and Its Islamic Movement: The Limits of Inclusion? Carnegie Paper no. 74. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2006.
61. Brown, Nathan J. Pushing Toward Party Politics: Kuwait's Islamic Constitutional Movements. Carnegie Paper no. 79. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2007.
62. Brown, Nathan J. Requiem for Palestinian Reform: Clear Lessons from a Troubled Record. Carnegie Paper no. 81. Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2007.
63. Brownlee, Jason. "Political Crisis and Restabilization: Iraq, Libya, Syria, and Tunisia." In Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Regimes and Resistance, ed. Marsha Pripstein Posusney and Michele Angrist. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2005.
64. Bruh, Kathleen, and Daniel Levy. Mexico: The Struggle for Democratic Development. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001.
65. Brynen, Rex. "Economic Crisis and Post-Rentier Democracy in the Arab World: The Case of Jordan." Canadian Journal of Political Science 25, no. 1 (1992): 69-97.
66. Calhoun, Craig, Frederick Cooper, and Kevin W. Moore, eds. Lessons of Empire: Imperial Histories and American Power. New York: New Press, 2006.
67. "Call to Boycott U.S. Products Gains Momentum," May 30, 2002. Accessed May 2008 at http://www.inminds.co.uk/boycott-news-0158.html.
68. Cammett, Melanie Claire. Globalization and Business Politics in Arab North Africa: A Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
69. Caparico, Sheila. "Foreign Aid and Promoting Democracy in the Middle East." Middle East Journal 56, no. 3 (2002): 379-95.
70. Cardoso, Fernando Henrique. Dependency and Development in Latin America. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979.
71. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. "Debate over Electoral Survey in Morocco." Saba, April 2006. Accessed April 2007 at http://www.carnegieendowment.org/arb/?fa=show&article=20933.
72. Carter, Jimmy. Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2007.
73. Center for Public Opinion. Terror Free Tomorrow: Nationwide Public Opinion Survey of Saudi Arabia. Washington, DC: Center for Public Opinion. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Saudi%20Arabia%20Survey.pdf.
74. Center for Strategic Studies in Jordan. Revisiting the Arab Street: Research from Within. Amman: Center for Strategic Studies in Jordan, 2005.
75. Chaudhry, Kiren Aziz. The Price of Wealth: Economies and Institutions in the Middle East. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997.
76. Clark, Ian. The Hierarchy of States: Reform and Resistance in the International Order. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
77. Clark, Janine A. "The Conditions of Islamist Moderation: Unpacking Crossideological Cooperation in Jordan." International Journal of Middle East Studies 38, no. 4 (2006): 539-60.
78. Clark, Janine A. Islam, Charity, and Activism: Middle-Class Networks and Social Welfare in Egypt, Jordan, and Yemen. Indiana Series in Middle East Studies. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.
79. Clement, Henry. "The Clash of Globalizations in the Middle East." Review of Middle East Economics and Finance 1, no. 1 (2007): 104-28.
80. Clement, Henry, and Robert Springborg. Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
81. Cleveland, William L. A History of the Modern Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2004.
82. Cohen, Amnon. Political Parties in the West Bank under the Jordanian Regime, 1949-1967. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1982.
83. Cohen, Benjamin. "The Revolution in Atlantic Economic Relations: A Bargain Comes Unstuck." In The United States and Western Europe: Political, Economic, and Strategic Perspectives, ed. Wolfram Hanrieder, 106-33. Cambridge, MA: Winthrop, 1974.
84. Cohen, Shana. Searching for a Different Future: The Rise of a Global Middle Class in Morocco. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004.
85. Cole, Juan. "A 'Shiite Crescent'? The Regional Impact of the Iraq War." Current History 105, no. 687 (2006): 20-26.
86. Crystal, Jill. Oil and Politics in the Gulf: Rulers and Merchants in Kuwait and Qatar. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
87. Crystal, Jill, and Abdallah al-Shayeji. "The Pro-democratic Agenda in Kuwait: Structures and Contexts." In Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World, vol. 2, Comparative Experiences, ed. Bahgat Korany, Rex Brynen, and Paul Noble, 101-25. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1998.
88. Dagi, Ihsan. "Turkey's AKP in Power," Journal of Democracy 19, no. 3 (2008): 25-30.
89. Dahl, Robert. Polyarchy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1970.
90. Daqiqi, Naoufel, and Mawassi Lahcen, "Morocco's PJD Confident Despite Detractors." Magharebia, August 31, 2007. Accessed May 2008 at http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/reportage/2007/08/31/reportage-01.
91. Darwish, Adel. "Kuwait: Kuwait Goes to the Polls." Middle East, August-September 2003. Accessed December 2011 at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2742/is_337/ai_n25072206.
92. Dashti, Rola. Personal interview with the author, winter 2006.
93. Davis, Christina. Why Adjudicate? Enforcing Trade Rules in the WTO. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012.
94. Dawisha, Adeed. "The United States in the Middle East: The Gulf War and Its Aftermath." Current History 91, no. 561 (1992): 1-5.
95. Deutsch, Karl W. "Social Mobilization and Political Development." American Political Science Review 55 (1964): 634-47.
96. Diamond, Larry. "Toward Democratic Consolidation." In The Global Resurgence of Democracy, ed. Larry Diamond and Marc Plattner, 228-40. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1996.
97. Diamond, Larry, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset. "What Makes for Democracy?" In Politics in Developing Countries: Comparing Experiences with Democracy, 2nd ed., ed. Larry Diamond, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, 1-66. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1995.
98. Dominguez, Jorge. "U.S. Latin American Relations during the Cold War and Its Aftermath." Unpublished manuscript, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, January 1999.
99. Donno, Daniela, and Bruce Russett. "Islam, Authoritarianism, and Female Empowerment: What Are the Linkages?" World Politics 56 (2004): 582-607.
100. Doyle, Michael W. Empires. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986.
101. Dris-Ait-Hamadouche, Louisa, and Yahia H. Zoubir, "The U.S.-Saudi Relationship and the Iraq War: The Dialectics of a Dependent Alliance," Journal of Third World Studies 24, no. 1 (2007): 109-35.
102. D'Souza, Dinesh. What's So Great about America. Washington, DC: Regnery, 2002.
103. Dubois, Francis. "Moroccan Elections Reveal Gulf between Regime and the Population," November 7, 2007. Accessed May 2008 at http://www.wsws.org/articles/2007/nov2007/moro-n07.shtml.
104. Dunne, Michele. "Getting Over the Fear of Arab Elections." Daily Star (Beirut), October 2, 2007.
105. Economist Intelligence Unit/Columbia Program on International Investment. World Investment Prospects to 2011: Foreign Direct Investment and the Challenge of Political Risk. London: Economist Intelligence Unit, 2007. Accessed December 2011 at http://graphics.eiu.com/upload/WIP_2007_WEB.pdf.
106. Eichengreen, Barry, and David Leblang. "Democracy and Globalization." Unpublished manuscript, Department of Political Science, University of Colorado-Boulder, 2007.
107. Ellingwood, Ken. "Abbas, Sharon Hope to Avoid Repeating Past." Los Angeles Times, February 5, 2005. Accessed April 2008 at http://articles.latimes.com/2005/feb/05/world/fg-summit5.
108. Embassy of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. U.S.-Jordan Relations. Washington, DC: Embassy of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Accessed January 2012 at http://www.jordanembassyus.org/new/aboutjordan/uj1.shtml.
109. Esposito, John, and John Voll. Islam and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
110. Evans, Peter. Dependent Development: The Alliance of Multinational, State and Local Capital in Brazil. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979.
111. Fandy, Mamoun. Saudi Arabia and the Politics of Dissent. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999.
112. Fealy, Greg. "Islamic Radicalism in Indonesia: The Faltering Revival." Southeast Asian Affairs 2004 (2004): 104-21.
113. Federation of American Scientists, Arms Sales Monitoring Project. "U.S. Arms Clients Profiles-Kuwait," February 2002. Accessed March 2007 at http://www.fas.org/asmp/profiles/kuwait.htm.
114. Federspiel, Howard M. "Indonesia, Islam, and U.S. Policy." Brown Journal of World Affairs 9, no. 1 (2002): 107-14.
115. Fischbach, Michael. State, Society, and Life in Jordan. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2000.
116. Fish, Steven. "Islam and Authoritarianism." World Politics 55 (2002): 4-37.
117. Frieden, Jeffry A. "Invested Interests: The Politics of National Economic Policies in a World of Global Finance." International Organization 45 (1991): 425-51.
118. Fuller, Graham E. The Future of Political Islam. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
119. Fuller, Graham E. Islamists in the Arab World: The Dance around Democracy. Carnegie Paper no. 49. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2004.
120. Fukuyama, Francis. The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press, 1992.
121. Gallup Organization. The 2002 Gallup Poll of the Islamic World. Princeton, NJ: Gallup Organization, 2002.
122. Gandhi, Jennifer. Political Institutions under Dictatorship. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
123. Gandhi, Jennifer, and Ellen Lust-Okar. "Elections under Authoritarianism." Annual Review of Political Science 12 (2009): 403-22.
124. Gandhi, Jennifer, and Adam Przeworski. "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion under Dictatorship." Economics and Politics 18, no. 1 (2006): 1-26.
125. Gartzke, Erik. "The Capitalist Peace," American Journal of Political Science 51, no. 1 (2007): 166-91.
126. "Gaza Humanitarian Plight 'Disastrous,' U.N. Official Says," December 28, 2008. Accessed February 2009 at http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/12/28/gaza.humanitarian/.
127. Gause, F. Gregory III. "Can Democracy Stop Terrorism?" Foreign Affairs, September-October 2005. Accessed July 2007 at http://fullaccess.foreignaffairs.org/20050901faessay84506/f-gregory-gause-iii/can-democracy-stop-terrorism.html?mode=print.
128. Gause, F. Gregory III. Oil Monarchies: Domestic and Security Challenges in the Arab Gulf States. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1994.
129. Gause, F. Gregory III. " 'Over the Horizon' to 'Into the Backyard': The Saudi-American Relationship and the Gulf War." In The United States and the Middle East: A Historical Reassessment, 4th ed., ed. David W. Lesch, 380-90. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2007.
130. Gerges, Fawaz. America and Political Islam: Clash of Cultures or Clash of Interests? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
131. Ghabra, Shafeeq N. "Balancing State and Society: The Islamic Movement in Kuwait." In Revolutionaries and Reformers: Contemporary Islamist Movements in the Middle East, ed. Barry Rubin, 105-24. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003.
132. Ghabra, Shafeeq N. "Closing the Distance: Kuwait and the United States in the Persian Gulf." In The Middle East and the United States: A Historical and Political Reassessment, 4th ed., ed. David W. Lesch, 332-50. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2007.
133. Ghalioun, Berhan. "The Persistence of Arab Authoritarianism." Journal of Democracy 15, no. 4 (2004): 126-32.
134. El-Ghobashy, Mona. "Constitutionalist Contention in Contemporary Egypt." American Behavioral Scientist 51, no. 11 (2008): 1590-1610.
135. Gilpin, Robert. U.S. Power and the Multinational Corporation. New York: Basic Books, 1975.
136. Glennie, Alex, and David Mepham. Reform in Morocco: The Role of Political Islamists. London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 2007. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/12115496221reform_in_morocco[1].pdf.
137. Gourevitch, Peter. Politics in Hard Times: Comparative Responses to International Economic Crises. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986.
138. Gourevitch, Peter. "The Second Image Reversed." International Organization 32, no. 4 (1978): 881-912.
139. Gourevitch, Peter. "Squaring the Circle: The Domestic Sources of International Cooperation." International Organization 50, no. 2 (1996): 349-73.
140. Gowa, Joanne. Allies, Adversaries and International Trade. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995.
141. Greene, Kenneth. Why Dominant Parties Lose: Mexico's Democratization in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
142. Greenwood, Scott. "Bad for Business? Entrepreneurs and Democracy in the Arab World." Comparative Political Studies, 41, (2008): 837-60. Accessed December 2011 at http://cps.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/41/6/837.pdf.
143. Greenwood, Scott."Jordan, the al-Aqsa Intifada and America's 'War on Terror' " Middle East Policy 10, no. 3 (2003): 90-111.
144. Grigoriadis, Ionnis, and Antnis Kamaras. "Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey: Historical Constraints and the AKP success Story." Middle Eastern Studies 44, no. 1 (2008): 53-68.
145. Guney, Aylin. "Anti-Americanism in Turkey: Past and Present," Middle Eastern Studies 44, no. 3 (2008): 471-87.
146. Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck. "Islamist Perceptions of U.S. Policy in the Middle East." In The Middle East and the United States: A Historical and Political Reassessment, 4th ed., ed. David W. Lesch, 467-90. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2007.
147. Hafner-Burton, Emilie M. "Trading Human Rights: How Preferential Trade Arrangements Influence Government Repression." International Organization 59, no. 3 (2005): 593-629.
148. al-Hamdi, Mohaned, and Mohamed Mostafa. "Political Islam, Clash of Civilization, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on American: A Test of a Hierarchical Model." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 30, no. 8 (2007): 723-36.
149. Hamzawy, Amr. The Saudi Labyrinth: Evaluating the Current Political Opening. Carnegie Paper no. 68. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2006.
150. Harter, Pascale. "Powell's Final Push for Arab Reform," BBC News, December 10, 2004. Accessed March 2009 at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4085081.stm.
151. Hass, Amira. "Missing the Government of Thieves," November 11, 2006. Accessed November 2008 at http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/767581.html.
152. Hawthorne, Amy. "Can the United States Promote Democracy in the Middle East?" Current History, January 2003, 21-26.
153. Herb, Michael, All in the Family: Absolutisms, Revolution, and Democratic Prospects in the Middle Eastern Monarchies. SUNY Series in Middle Eastern Studies. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999.
154. Heston, Alan, Robert Summers, and Bettina Aten. Penn World Table Version 6.2, Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices at the University of Pennsylvania, 2006.
155. Hinnebusch, Raymond. "The Iraq War and International Relations: Implications for Small States." Cambridge Review of International Affairs 19, no. 3 (2006): 451-63.
156. Hirschman, Albert. The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before Its Triumph. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977.
157. Hiscox, Michael. "Class versus Industry Cleavages: Inter-industry Factor Mobility and the Politics of Trade." International Organization 55 (2001): 1-46.
158. Hofmann, Steven. "Islam and Democracy: Micro-level Indications of Compatibility." Comparative Political Studies 37, no. 6 (2004): 652-76.
159. Holmes, Stephen. "The Secret History of Self-Interest." In Beyond Self-Interest, ed. Jane Mansbridge, 267-86. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
160. Howe, Marvine. Morocco: The Islamist Awakening and Other Challenges. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
161. Huddy, Leonie, and Nadia Khatib. "American Patriotism, National Identity, and Political Involvement." American Journal of Political Science 51, no. 1 (2007): 63-77.
162. Hudson, Michael. The Search for Legitimacy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1979.
163. Huntington, Samuel. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968.
164. Huntington, Samuel. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993.
165. Hurwitz, Jon, and Mark Peffley. "Public Perceptions of Race and Crime: The Role of Racial Stereotypes." American Journal of Political Science 41, no. 2 (1997): 375-401.
166. Ikenberry, John. Reasons of State: Oil Politics and the Capacities of American Government. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988.
167. Inglehart, Ronald. Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989.
168. Inglehart, Ronald. Modernization and Post-modernization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.
169. Inglehart, Ronald, and Pippa Norris. Sacred and Secular-rational: Religion and Politics Worldwide. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
170. Inglehart, Ronald F., and Christian Welzel. "Political Culture and Democracy: Analyzing Cross-Level Linkages." Comparative Politics 36, no. 1 (2003): 61-79.
171. International Crisis Group. Can Saudi Arabia Reform Itself? Middle East Report 28 (Cairo and Brussels: International Crisis Group, 2004). Accessed December 2011 at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saud/themes/canreform.pdf.
172. International Crisis Group. The Challenge of Political Reform: Jordanian Democratization and Regional Instability. Middle East Briefing no. 10. Amman, Jordan, and Brussels: International Crisis Group, 2003. Accessed January 2012 at http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iran%20Gulf/Jordan/B010%20The%20Challenge%20of%20Political%20Reform%20Jordanian%20Democratisation%20and%20Regional%20Instability.pdf.
173. International Crisis Group. Jordan's 9/11: Dealing with Jihadi Islamism. Middle East Report no. 47. Amman, Jordan, and Brussels: International Crisis Group, 2005. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/iraq-iran-gulf/jordan/047-jordans-9-11-dealing-with-jihadi-islamism.aspx.
174. International Crisis Group. Saudi Arabia Backgrounder: Who Are the Islamists? Middle East Report no. 31. Amman, Jordan, and Brussels: International Crisis Group, 2004. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saud/themes/backgrounder.pdf.
175. International Monetary Fund, Statistics Department. International Financial Statistics Yearbook. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 1996. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=410.
176. Jabhat al-'Amal al-Islāmī [Islamic Action Front]. Al-Barnāmij al-Intikhābī l-murashahīn Hizb Jabhat al-'Amal al-Islāmī (1993-1997) [The Electoral Platform of the Islamic Action Front (1993-1997)]. Amman, Jordan: Jabhat al-'Amal al-Islāmī, 1993.
177. Jabhat al-'Amal al-Islāmī [Islamic Action Front]. Al-Barnāmij al-Intikhābī l-murashahīn Hizb Jabhat al-'Amal al-Islāmī (2003-2007) [The Electoral Platform of the Islamic Action Front (2003-2007)]. Amman, Jordan: Jabhat al-'Amal al-Islāmī, 2003.
178. Jabhat al-'Amal al-Islāmī [Islamic Action Front]. Al-Barnāmij al-Intikhābī l-murashahīn Hizb Jabhat al-'Amal al-Islāmī (2007-2011) [The Electoral Platform of the Islamic Action Front (2007-2011)]. Amman, Jordan: Jabhat al-'Amal al-Islāmī, 2007.
179. Jamal, Amaney. Barriers to Democracy: The Other Side of Social Capital in Palestine and the Arab World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.
180. Jamal, Amaney. "Security Vulnerabilities in Jordan." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, September 2007.
181. Jamal, Amaney, and Vickie Langohr. "Gender Status as an Impediment to Democracy in the Muslim World: What Does Gender Explain and Not Explain?" Unpublished manuscript, 2008.
182. Jamal, Amaney, and Irfan Nooruddin. "The Democratic Utility of Trust: A Cross-National Analysis." Journal of Politics 72, no. 1 (2010): 45-59.
183. Jamal, Amaney, "United States Military Intervention and the Status of Women in the Arab World." Unpublished manuscript, 2011.
184. Kanet, Roger E. "The Superpower Quest for Empire: The Cold War and Soviet Support for Wars of National Liberation." Cold War History 6, no. 3 (2006): 331-52.
185. Kanovsky, Eliyahu. The Middle East Economies: The Impact of Domestic and International Politics. Mideast Security and Policy Studies no. 31. Ramat Gan, Israel: Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, Bar-Ilan University, 1997. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.biu.ac.il/SOC/besa/publications/kanov/index.html.
186. Katzenstein, Peter J. Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985.
187. Katzenstein, Peter J., ed. Between Power and Plenty: Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced Industrial States. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977.
188. Katzenstein, Peter J., and Robert O. Keohane, eds. Anti-Americanisms in World Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2007.
189. Katzmann, Kenneth. Kuwaiti Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy. Congressional Research Service Report RS21513, July 5, 2006. Accessed December 2011 at http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/permalink/meta-crs-9890:1.
190. Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi. "Governance Matters III: Governance Indicators for 1996, 1998, 2000, and 2002." World Bank Economic Review 18, no. 2 (2004): 253-87. doi:10.1093/wber/lhh041.
191. al-Kazi, Lubna. Personal interview with the author, winter 2006.
192. Kéchichian, Joseph A. "Democratization in Gulf Monarchies: A New Challenge to the GCC." Middle East Policy Council Journal 11, no. 4 (2004): 37-58. Accessed June 2008 at http://www.mepc.org/journal_vol11/0412_kechichian.asp.
193. Keck, Margaret E., and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Activists beyond Borders. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
194. Kedourie, Elie. Democracy and Arab Political Culture. Washington DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1992.
195. Kelley, Judith. "International Actors on the Domestic Scene: Membership Conditionality and Socialization by International Institutions." International Organization 59, no. 3 (2004): 425-57.
196. Keohane, Robert O., and Helen V. Milner. Internationalizaton and Domestic Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
197. Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye Jr., eds. 1972. Transnational Relations and World Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
198. Keyman, E. Fuat, and Berrin Koyuncu. "Globalization, Alternative Modernities, and the Political Economy of Turkey." Review of International Political Economy 12 (2005): 105-28.
199. Khalaf, Roula. "Morocco Sees the Rise of an 'Acceptable' Islamist Party." Financial Times of Morocco, May 23, 2006. Accessed May 2008 at http://www.iri.org/newsarchive/2006/2006-05-23-News-FinancialTimes-Morocco.asp.
200. Khalidi, Rashid. Resurrecting Empire. Boston: Beacon, 2004.
201. Kitschelt, Herbert, and Steven I. Wilkinson. Patrons, Clients, and Policies: Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
202. Kohli, Atul. "Democracy Amid Economic Orthodoxy: Trends in Developing Countries." Third World Quarterly 14, no. 4 (1993): 671-89.
203. Kohli, Atul. State-Directed Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
204. Kornbluth, Danishai. "Jordan and the Anti-Normalization Campaign, 1994-2001." Terrorism and Political Violence 14, no. 3 (2002): 80-108.
205. Krämer, Gudrun. "Good Counsel to the King: The Islamist Opposition in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Morocco." In Middle East Monarchies: The Challenge of Modernity, ed. Joseph Kostiner, 257-87. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2000.
206. Krasner, Stephen. Sovereignty. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989.
207. Krauthammer, Charles. "To Hell with Sympathy." Time, November 17, 2003.
208. Kristianasen, Wendy. "Palestine: Hamas Besieged." Le Monde, June 3, 2006. Accessed November 2008 at http://mondediplo.com/2006/06/03hamas.
209. Kristianasen, Wendy. "We Don't Want to Box Islam In," Le Monde, June 4, 2002. Accessed January 2008 at http://mondediplo.com/2002/06/04kuwait.
210. Kubba, Laith. "Faith and Modernity." Journal of Democracy 14, no. 2 (2003): 45-49.
211. Kull, Steven. "Can Obama Restore the U.S. Image in the Middle East?" Harvard International Review, December 19, 2008. Accessed December 2011 at http://hir.harvard.edu/can-obama-restore-the-us-image-in-the-middle-east.
212. Kull, Steven, Evan Lewis, Ebrahim Mohensi, Clay Ramsay, and Stephen Weber. Public Opinion in the Islamic World on Terrorism, al Qaeda, and U.S. Policies. Washington DC: Program on International Policy Attitudes, 2009. Accessed March 2009 at http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/pdf/feb09/STARTII_Feb09_rpt.pdf.
213. Kull, Steven, Clay Ramsay, Stephan Weber, and Evan Lewis, America's Global Image in the Obama Era. Washington, DC: Program on International Policy Attitudes, 2009. Accessed January 2012 at http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/pdf/jul09/WPO_USObama_Jul09_packet.pdf.
214. Kull, Steven, Clay Ramsay, Stephen Weber, Evan Lewis, Ebrahim Mohseni, Mary Speck, Melanie Ciolek, and Melinda Brouwer. Muslim Public Opinion on U.S. Policy, Attacks on Civilians, and al Qaeda. Washington DC: Program on International Policy Attitudes, 2007. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/pdf/apr07/START_Apr07_rpt.pdf.
215. Lake, David A. "Escape from the State of Nature: Authority and Hierarchy in World Politics." International Security 32, no. 1 (2007): 47-79.
216. Lake, Eli. "Muslim Brotherhood Seeks End to Israel Treaty." Washington Times, February 3, 2011.
217. Lerner, Daniel. The Passing of Traditional Society. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1958.
218. Lesch, David W., ed. The Middle East and the United States: A Historical and Political Reassessment. 4th ed. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2007.
219. Leveau, Remy. "The Moroccan Monarchy: A Political System in Quest of a New Equilibrium," in Middle East Monarchies: The Challenge of Modernity, ed. Joseph Kositner, 117-30. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2000.
220. Levitsky, Steven, and Lucien Way. "International Linkage and Democratization." Journal of Democracy 16, no. 3 (2005): 20-34.
221. Lewis, Bernard. "Free at Last? The Arab World in the Twenty-First Century." Foreign Affairs, March-April 2009. Accessed May 2009 at http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/64830/bernard-lewis/free-at-last.
222. Lindblom, Charles. Politics and Markets: The World's Political Economic Systems. New York: Basic Books, 1977.
223. Linz, Juan. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2000.
224. Lipset, Seymour Martin. Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1960.
225. Lipset, Seymour Martin. "Some Social Requisites of Democracy." American Political Science Review 53, no. 1. (1959): 69-105.
226. Litvak, Meir, and Maddy Weitzman. "Islamism and the State in North Africa." In Revolutionaries and Reformers: Contemporary Islamist Movements in the Middle East, ed. Barry Rubin, 69-90. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003.
227. Livingstone, Grace. America's Backyard: The United States and Latin America from the Monroe Doctrine to the War on Terror. New York: Zed, 2009.
228. López-Córdova, J. Ernesto, and Christopher M. Meissner. "The Globalization of Trade and Democracy." Unpublished manuscript, 2005.
229. Lucas, Russell E. Institutions and the Politics of Survival in Jordan: Domestic Responses to External Challenges, 1988-2001. SUNY Series in Middle Eastern Studies. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2006.
230. Lucas, Russell E. "Jordan: The Death of Normalization with Israel." Middle East Journal 58, no. 1 (2004): 93-111.
231. Luciani, Giacomo. "Allocation vs. Production States: A Theoretical Framework." In The Arab State, ed. Giacomo Luciani, 65-84. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1990.
232. Lust-Okar, Ellen. "Elections under Authoritarianism: Preliminary Lessons from Jordan." Democratization 13, no. 3 (2006): 456-71.
233. Lust-Okar, Ellen. Structuring Conflict in the Arab World: Incumbents, Opponents, and Institutions. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
234. Lust-Okar, Ellen, and Amaney Jamal. "Rulers and Rules: Reassessing the Influence of Regime Type on Electoral Law Formation." Comparative Political Studies 35, no. 3 (2002): 337-66.
235. Lust-Okar, Ellen, and Saloua Zerhouni, eds. Political Participation in the Middle East. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2008.
236. Lynch, Marc. "Anti-Americanism in the Arab World." In Anti-Americanism in World Politics, ed. Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane, 196-224. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2007.
237. Lynch, Marc. "Jordan's King Abdallah in Washington," Middle East Report Online, May 8, 2002. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.merip.org/mero/mero050802.
238. Lynch, Marc. "No Jordan Option." Middle East Report Online, June 21, 2004. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.merip.org/mero/mero062404.htmlon.
239. Lynch, Marc. State Interests and Public Spheres: The International Politics of Jordan's Identity. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
240. MacFarquhar, Neil. "Anti-U.S. Feeling Leaves Arab Reformers Isolated." New York Times, August 9, 2006.
241. Magaloni, Beatriz. Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and its Demise in Mexico. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
242. Mansfield, Edward D., Helen V. Milner, and Peter B. Rosendorff. "Why Democracies Cooperate More: Electoral Control and International Trade Agreements." International Organization 56, no. 3 (2002): 477-513.
243. Mares, Isabela. "Firms and the Welfare State: When, Why and How Does Social Policy Matter to Employers?" In Varieties of Capitalism, ed. Peter Hall and David Soskice, 184-212. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
244. Margalit, Yotam. "Commerce and Oppositions: The Political Responses of Globalization's Losers." Unpublished manuscript, 2010.
245. Martin, Patrick. "Adding Fuel to the Mid-East Fire: U.S. Unveils Huge Arms Package." August 1, 2007. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.wsws.org/articles/2007/aug2007/mide-a01.shtml.
246. Masmoudi, Radwan. "The Silenced Majority." Journal of Democracy 14, no. 2 (2003): 40-44.
247. Masoud, Tarek. "The Road to and from Liberation Square." Journal of Democracy 22, no. 3 (2011): 20-34.
248. Masoud, Tarek. "Why Islam Wins: Electoral Ecologies and Economics of Political Islam in Contemporary Egypt." PhD dissertation, Yale University, 2008.
249. Mayda, Anna Maria, and Dani Rodrik. "Why Are Some People (and Countries) More Protectionist Than Others?" European Economic Review 49, no. 6 (2005): 1393-1430.
250. McGirk, Tim. "How to Deal with Hamas." Time, June 21, 2007. Accessed August 2007 at http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1635824,00.html.
251. McPherson, Alan. Yankee No! Anti-Americanism in U.S.-Latin American Relations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.
252. Mecham, Quinn. "Islamist Mobilization in Turkey: A Study in Vernacular Politics." Political Science Quarterly 118, no. 3 (2003): 526-27.
253. Mekay, Emad. "Palestinian Economy Tumbles under Sanctions." IPS News, March 26, 2007. Accessed November 2008 at http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=37093.
254. Meyer, Katherine, Helen Rizzo, and Ali Yousef. "Changed Political Attitudes in the Middle East: The Case of Kuwait." International Sociology 22, no. 3 (2007): 289-324.
255. Milner, Helen V. Interests, Institutions, and Information. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987.
256. Milner, Helen V., and Keiko Kubota. "Why the Move to Free Trade? Democracy and Trade Policy in the Developing Countries." International Organization 59 (2005): 107-43.
257. Milner, Helen V., and Bumba Mukherjee. "Democratization and Economic Globalization." Annual Review of Political Science 12 (1999): 163-81.
258. Mitchell, Timothy. "McJihad: Islam in the U.S. Global Order." Social Text 20, no. 4 (2002): 1-18. Accessed September 2008 at http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/social_text/v020/20.4mitchell.html.
259. Moaddel, Mansoor. "Religion and the State: The Singularity of the Jordanian Religious Experience." International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 15, no. 4 (2004): 527-68.
260. Moehler, Devra, and Nicolas Van de Walle. "Pro and Anti-Americanism in Sub-Saharan Africa." Paper presented at the Workshop on Anti-Americanism, Princeton University, May 2011.
261. Moore, Barrington. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Boston, MA: Beacon, 1993.
262. Moore, Pete. "The Newest Jordan: Free Trade, Peace and an Ace in the Hole." Middle East Report Online, June 26, 2003. Accessed May 2007 at http://www.merip.org/mero/mero062603.html.
263. Moore, Pete W. Doing Business in the Middle East: Politics and Economic Crisis in Jordan and Kuwait. Cambridge Middle East Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
264. "Morocco's AK Party Won't Copy Turkey's." World Bulletin, September 7, 2007. Accessed May 2008 at http://www.worldbulletin.net/news_detail.php?id=10284.
265. Morro, Paul. U.S. Foreign Aid to Palestinians. Congressional Research Service Report, October 9, 2007. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.usembassy.it/pdf/other/RS22370.pdf.
266. Mufti, Malik. "A King's Art: Dynastic Ambition and State Interest in Hussein's Jordan." Diplomacy and Statecraft 13, no. 3 (2002): 1-22.
267. al-Mughni, Haya. Women in Kuwait: The Politics of Gender. London: Saqi, 2000.
268. al-Mughni, Haya, and Mary Ann Tetreault. "Modernization and Its Discontents: State and Gender in Kuwait." Middle East Journal 49, no. 3 (1995): 403-17.
269. Murdock, Heather. "Muslim Brotherhood Sees Opportunity in Jordan." Washington Times, March 1, 2011.
270. Musallam, Ali Musallam. The Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait: Saddam Hussein, His State and International Politics. New York: British Academic Press, 1996.
271. Muslim Brotherhood. Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas and Iran. March 14, 2011. Accessed at http://www.ikhwanweb.com/article.php?id=28217.
272. "Muslims Positive about Globalization, Trade." 2008. Accessed January 2012 at http://worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/articles/btglobalizationtradera/528.php?lb=brme&pnt=528&nid=&id=.
273. al-Najjar, Ghanim. "Challenges of Security Sector Governance in Kuwait." Unpublished manuscript, 2004.
274. al-Najjar, Ghanim. "Kuwait: Struggle over Parliament." Arab Reform Bulletin 4, no. 5 (2008). Accessed December 2011 at http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/najjar_june06.pdf.
275. Nasr, Vali. Forces of Fortune: The Rise of the New Muslim Middle Class and What It Will Mean for Our World. New York: Free Press, 2009.
276. National Agenda Steering Committee, The National Agenda: The Jordan We Strive for 2006-2015. Amman, Jordan: National Agenda Steering Committee, n.d. Accessed January 2012 at http://www.nationalagenda.jo/Portals/0/EnglishBooklet.pdf.
277. National Bank of Kuwait. "Doing Business in Kuwait." Accessed January 2012 at http://www.kuwait.nbk.com/investmentandbrokerage/researchandreports/doingbusinessinkuwait_en_gb.aspx.
278. Niblock, Tim, ed. State, Society and Economy in Saudi Arabia. London: Croom Helm/Centre for Arab Gulf Studies, 4.
279. Norton, Augustus Richard. "The Puzzle of Political Reform in the Middle East." In International Relations of the Middle East, ed. Louise Fawcett, 131-50. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
280. Nye, Joseph. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs Press, 2004.
281. O'Donnell, Guillermo, and Phillipe Schmitter. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, vol. 4, Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.
282. Okruhlik, Gwenn. "Making Conversation Permissible: Islamism and Reform in Saudi Arabia." In Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach, ed. Quintan Wiktorowicz, 250-69. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.
283. Okruhlik, Gwenn. "Rentier Wealth, Unruly Law, and the Rise of the Opposition: The Political Economy of Rentier States." Comparative Politics 31, no. 3 (1999): 295-315.
284. O'Reilly, Marc J., and Wesley B. Renfro. "Evolving Empire: America's 'Emirates' Strategy in the Persian Gulf." International Studies Perspectives 8, no. 2 (2007): 137-51.
285. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. SourceOECD International Development Statistics; accessed December 2011 at http://lysander.sourceoecd.org/vl=92415576/cl=13/nw=1/rpsv/ij/oecdstats/16081110/v77n1/s4/p1.
286. Ottaway, Marina. Democracy Promotion in the Middle East: Restoring Credibility. Policy Brief no. 60. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2008. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/pb_60_ottaway_final.pdf.
287. Ottaway, Marina. Iran, the United States, and the Gulf: The Elusive Regional Policy. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2009.
288. Ottaway, Marina. Promoting Democracy in the Middle East and the Problem of U.S. Credibility. Carnegie Paper no. 35. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003.
289. Ottaway, Marina, and Thomas Carothers. Greater Middle East Initiative: Off to a False Start. Carnegie Policy Brief no. 29. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2004.
290. Ottaway, Marina. "Middle East Democracy (Think Again)." Foreign Policy, November-December 2004, 22-24, 26-28.
291. "Palestine Monitor Fact Sheet: Poverty." Palestine Monitor, December 18, 2008. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.palestinemonitor.org/spip/spip.php?article13.
292. Pastor, Robert. Exiting the Whirlpool: U.S. Foreign Policy toward Latin America and the Caribbean, 2nd ed. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2001.
293. Pelham, Nicolas. "Jordan's Balancing Act." Middle East Report Online, February 22, 2011. Accessed October 2011 at http://www.merip.org/mero/mero022211.
294. Perry, Glenn. "The Arab Democracy Deficit: The Case of Egypt." Arab Studies Quarterly 26, no. 2 (2004): 91-107.
295. Perthes, Volker, ed. Arab Elites: Negotiating the Politics of Change. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2004.
296. Pevehouse, Jon. Democracy from Above: Regional Organization and Democratization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
297. Pevehouse, Jon. "Democracy from the Outside In? International Organizations and Democratizations." International Organization 56, no. 3 (2002): 515-49.
298. Pew Global Attitudes Project. America's Image in the World. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, 2007. Accessed May 2009 at http://pewglobal.org/commentary/display.php?AnalysisID=1019.
299. Pew Global Attitudes Project. Global Unease with Major World Powers: Rising Environmental Concern in 47-Nation Survey. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, 2007. Accessed August 2008 at http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=256.
300. Pew Global Attitudes Project. U.S. Wins No Friends, End of Treaty with Israel Sought. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, 2011.
301. Pew Global Attitudes Project. World Publics Welcome Global Trade but Not Immigration: 47-Nation Pew Global Attitudes Survey. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, 2007. Accessed December 2011 at http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/258.pdf.
302. Pfeifer, Karen. "How Tunisia, Morocco, Jordan and Even Egypt Became IMF 'Success Stories' in the 1990s." Middle East Report 210 (1999): 23-27.
303. Pfeifer, Karen. "Kuwait's Economic Quandary." Middle East Report Online 223 (2002). Accessed January 2012 at http://www.merip.org/mer/mer223/kuwaits-economic-quandary.
304. Phillips, James. The U.S. Stake in Post-Hussein Jordan. Executive Memorandum no. 574. Washington, DC: Heritage Foundation, 1999. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.heritage.org/Research/MiddleEast/EM574.cfm.
305. Pipes, Daniel. In the Path of God: Islam and Political Power. New York: Basic Books, 1983.
306. Plattner, Marc. "The Democratic Moment." In The Global Resurgence of Democracy, ed. Larry Diamond and Marc Plattner, 36-48. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1996.
307. "Poll Finds Widespread International Opposition to U.S. Bases in Persian Gulf." December 15, 2008. Accessed March 2009 at http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/articles/international_security_bt/579.php?lb=btvoc&pnt=579&nid=&id=.
308. Posusney, Marsha Pripstein. "Multi-party Elections in the Arab World: Institutional Engineering and Oppositional Strategies." Studies in Comparative International Development 36, no. 4 (2002): 34-62.
309. PSR Survey Research Unit. Poll no. 19. Ramallah, West Bank: Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research, 2006. Accessed July 2008 at http://www.pcpsr.org/survey/polls/2006/p19etables1.html.
310. Putnam, Robert. 1998. "Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games." International Organization 43, no. 2 (1998): 427-60.
311. Putnam, Robert. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.
312. Pye, Lucien. "Political Science and the Crisis of Authoritarianism." American Political Science Review 84 (1990): 3-19.
313. Quandt, William. Saudi Arabia in the 1980s: Foreign Policy, Security, and Oil. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1981.
314. al-Rasheed, Madawi. Contesting the State: Islamic Voices from a New Generation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
315. al-Rasheed, Madawi. A History of Saudi Arabia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
316. Ravid, Barak, and Yoav Stern. "Israel: Erdogan's Davos Behavior May Ruin Turkey's EU Chances." February 2, 2009. Accessed March 2009 at http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1060369.html.
317. Remez, Michael, and Richard Wike. "Global Media Celebrate Obama Victory-But Cautious Too: A Changed View of American Democracy." Washington DC: Pew Research Center Publications, 2008. Accessed March 2009 at http://pewresearch.org/pubs/1033/global-media-celebrate-obama-victory-but-cautious-too.
318. Remmer, Karen. "Elections and Economics in Contemporary Latin America." In Poststabilization Politics in Latin America: Competition, Transition, Collapse, ed. Carol Wise and Riordan Roett, 31-55. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 4.
319. "Report: Radical Kuwaiti Imams Drowned Out in Pro-American Protests by Local Worshippers." Al-Siyasa, July 9, 2005.
320. Revel, Jean-Francois. Anti-Americanism. San Francisco: Encounter, 2003. Richards, Alan, and John Waterbury. A Political Economy of the Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2007.
321. Richards, David, Ronald Gelleny, and David Sacko. "Money with a Mean Streak? Foreign Economic Penetration and Government Respect for Human Rights in Developing Countries." International Studies Quarterly 45, no. 2 (2001): 219-39.
322. Roberts, Kenneth. "The Mobilization of Opposition to Economic Liberalization." Annual Review of Political Science 11 (2008), 327-49.
323. Robins, Philip. A History of Jordan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
324. Robinson, Glenn E. "Defensive Democratization in Jordon." International Journal of Middle East Studies 30, no. 3 (1998): 387-410.
325. Rogoff, Kenneth, Ethan O. Ilzetzki, and Carmen M. Reinhart. "Exchange Rate Arrangements into the 21st Century: Will the Anchor Currency Hold?" Quarterly Journal of Economics 119, no. 1 (2004): 1-48.
326. Rogowski, Ronald. Commerce and Coalitions: How Trade Affects Domestic Political Alignments. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989.
327. Rogowski, Ronald. "Trade and the Variety of Democratic Institutions." International Organization 41, no. 2 (1987): 203-23.
328. Rosefsky, Carrie. Mobilizing Islam. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.
329. Ross, Michael. "Does Oil Hinder Democracy?" World Politics 53, no. 3 (2001): 325-61.
330. Rotberg, Robert. When States Fail: Causes and Consequences. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.
331. Rubin, Michael. "Iran against the Arabs." Wall Street Journal, July 19, 2006. Accessed September 2008 at http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1079537721&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=17210&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
332. Rubinstein, Alvin. "Soviet Client-States: From Empire to Commonwealth." Orbis 35, no. 1 (1991): 69-78.
333. Rudra, Nita. "Globalization and the Strengthening of Democracy in the Developing World." American Journal of Political Science 49 (2005): 704-30.
334. Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, Evelyn Huber Stephens, and John Stephens. Capitalist Development and Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
335. Ryan, Curtis R. Jordan: Islamic Action Front Presses for Role in Governing. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2006. Accessed June 2007 at http://www.carnegieendowment.org/arb/?fa=show&article=20919.
336. Ryan, Curtis R. "Jordan and the Rise and Fall of the Arab Cooperation Council." Middle East Journal 52, no. 3 (1998): 386-401.
337. Ryan, Curtis R. "Jordan First: Jordan's Inter-Arab Relations and Foreign Policy under King Abdullah II." Arab Studies Quarterly 26, no. 3 (2004): 43-62.
338. Ryan, Curtis R. "Reform Retreats Amid Jordan's Political Storm." Middle East Report Online, June 10, 2005. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.merip.org/mero/mero061005.
339. Safi, Omid, ed. Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender and Pluralism. Oxford: Oneworld, 2003.
340. Saikal, Amin. "The United States and Persian Gulf Security." World Policy Journal 9, no. 3 (1992): 515-32.
341. Salabi, Kamal. The Modern History of Jordan. London: I. B. Tauris, 1995.
342. Salah, Mohamad Ahmad. "Athr al-Ma'awanāt al-Māliyya al-Britāniyya fial-Wad'a al-Māli fiSharq al-Urdun 1921-1925" [Effect of British Aid on the Financial Situation of Trans-Jordan 1921-1925]. Arab Journal for the Humanities 80 (2002): n.p..
343. Satloff, Robert. From Abdullah to Husssein: Jordan in Transition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
344. Sayigh, Yezid. "Fixing Broken Windows": Security Sector Reform in Palestine, Lebanon, and Yemen. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2009.
345. Schatz, Robert T., and Ervin Staub. "Manifestations of Blind and Constructive Patriotism: Personality Correlates and Individual-Group Relations." In Patriotism: In the Lives of Individuals and Nations, ed. Daniel Bar-Tal and Ervin Staub, 229-45. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1997.
346. Schatz, Robert T., Ervin Staub, and Howard Lavine. "On the Varieties of National Attachment: Blind versus Constructive Patriotism." Political Psychology 20, no. 1 (1999): 151-74.
347. Scheve, Kenneth F., and Matthew J. Slaughter. "Economic Insecurity and the Globalization of Production." American Journal of Political Science 48, no. 4 (2004): 662-74.
348. Scheve, Kenneth F., and Matthew J. Slaughter. "What Determines Individual Trade-policy Preferences?" Journal of International Economics 54, no. 2 (2001): 267-92.
349. Schmitz, Hans Peter. "Transnational Perspectives on Democratization." International Studies Review 6, no. 3 (2002): 403-26.
350. Schwedler, Jillian. "Democratization, Inclusion and the Moderation of Islamist Parties." Development 50, no. 1 (2007): 56-61.
351. Schwedler, Jillian. "Don't Blink: Jordan's Democratic Opening and Closing." Middle East Report Online, July 3, 2002. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.merip.org/mero/mero070302.
352. Schwedler, Jillian. Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
353. Schwedler, Jillian. "Occupied Maan: Jordan's Closed Military Zone." Middle East Report Online, December 3, 2002. Accessed May 2007 at http://www.merip.org/mero/mero120302.
354. Scott, James C. Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992.
355. Scott, James C. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987.
356. Sharabi, Hisham. A Theory of Distorted Change in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
357. Sharp, Jeremy M. Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations. Congressional Research Service Report, October 17, 2008. Accessed December 2011 at http://ftp.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33546.pdf.
358. Sharp, Jeremy M. U.S. Democracy Promotion Policy in the Middle East: The Islamist Dilemma. Congressional Research Service Report, July 15, 2006. Accessed November 2007 at http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/democ%20in%20middle%20east.htm.
359. Shehata, Samer. "Inside an Egyptian Parliamentary Campaign." In Political Participation in the Middle East, ed. Ellen Lust-Okar and Saloua Zerhouni, 95-120. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2008.
360. Sherbiny, Naiem A. "America: A View from Egypt." Social Research 72, no. 4 (2005): 1-26.
361. Sick, Gary. "The United States in the Gulf: From Twin Pillars to Dual Containment." In The Middle East and the United States: A Historical and Political Reassessment, 4th ed., ed. David W. Lesch, 315-31. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2007.
362. Silverman, Erica. "Fatah's U.S. Savior." Al-Ahram Weekly, October 19-25, 4. Accessed November 2008 at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2006/817/re52.htm.
363. Singerman, Diane. Avenues of Participation: Family, Politics, and Networks in Urban Quarters of Cairo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.
364. Skocpol, Theda. States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
365. Smith, Benjamin. Hard Times in the Land of Plenty: Oil Politics in Iran and Indonesia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2007.
366. Somer, Murat. "Moderate Islam and Secularist Opposition in Turkey: Implications for the World, Muslims and Secular Democracy." Third World Quarterly 28, no. 7 (2007): 1271-89.
367. Spinner-Halev, Jeff, and Elizabeth Theiss-Morse. "National Identity and Self-Esteem." Perspectives on Politics 1, no. 3 (2003): 515-32.
368. Spruyt, Hendrik. Ending Empire: Contested Sovereignty and Territorial Partition. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005.
369. Stallings, Barbara. Economic Dependency in Africa and Latin America. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1972.
370. Stallings, Barbara, and Robert Kaufman, eds. Debt and Democracy in Latin America. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1989.
371. Stenner, Karen. The Authoritarian Dynamic. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
372. Stokes, Susan C. "Public Opinion of Market Reforms: A Framework." In Public Support for Market Reforms in New Democracies, ed. Susan C. Stokes, 1-27. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
373. Stork, Joe. "The Gulf War and the Arab World." World Policy Journal 8, no. 2 (1991): 365-74.
374. Sullivan, John L., Amy Fried, and Mary G. Dietz. "Patriotism, Politics, and the Presidential Election of 1988." American Journal of Political Science 36, no. 16 (1992): 200-234.
375. Susser, Asher. "The Jordanian Monarchy: The Hashemite Success Story." In Middle East Monarchies, ed. Joseph Kositner, 87-116. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2000.
376. Takeyh, Ray. "Uncle Sam in the Arab Street." National Interest, April 1, 2004. Accessed May 2007 at http://www.allbusiness.com/government/3584148-1.html.
377. Telhami, Shibley. "Arab Public Opinion on the United States and Iraq: Postwar Prospects for Changing Prewar Views." Brookings Review 21 (2003): 24-27.
378. elhami, Shibley. "The Role of the Persian Gulf." In The Contemporary Middle East, ed. Karl Yambert, 171-84. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2006.
379. elhami, Shibley. The Stakes: America in the Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2002.
380. Telhami, Shibley, Fiona Hill, et al. "Does Saudi Oil Still Matter?" Foreign Affairs, November-December 2002. Accessed January 2012 at http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/58444/shibley-telhami-fiona-hill-et-al/does-saudi-arabia-still-matter-differing-perspectives-on-the-kin.
381. Telhami, Shibley, with Zogby International. 2008 Arab Public Opinion Poll. Washing ton, DC: Brookings Institution, 2008. Accessed January 2012 at http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/events/2008/0414_middle_east/0414_middle_east_telhami.pdf.
382. "10 Questions for John Bolton," Time, November 26, 2007. Accessed December 2007 at http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1684527,00.html.
383. Terrill, W. Andrew. Kuwaiti National Security and the US-Kuwaiti Strategic Relationship after Saddam. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2007). Accessed December 2011 at http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub788.pdf.
384. Tessler, Mark. "Assessing the Influence of Religious Predispositions on Citizen Orientations Related to Governance and Democracy: Findings from Survey Research in Three Dissimilar Arab Societies." Taiwan Journal of Democracy 1, no. 2 (2005): 139-49.
385. Tessler, Mark. "Islam and Democracy in the Middle East: The Impact of Religious Orientations on Attitudes toward Democracy in Four Arab Countries." Comparative Politics 34 (2002): 337-54.
386. Tetreault, Mary Ann. "Autonomy, Necessity and the Small State: Ruling Kuwait in the Twentieth Century." International Organization 31, no. 4 (1991): 565-91.
387. Tetreault, Mary Ann. "Designer Democracy in Kuwait." Current History 96, no. 606 (1997): 36-39.
388. Tetreault, Mary Ann. "A Global Affairs Commentary: Frankenstein's Lament in Kuwait." November 29, 2001. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.fpif.org/pdf/gac/0111kuwait.pdf.
389. Tetreault, Mary Ann. "Kuwait's Annus Mirabilis." Middle East Report Online, September 7, 2006. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.merip.org/mero/mero090706.
390. Tetreault, Mary Ann. "Kuwait's Parliament Considers Women's Political Rights, Again." Middle East Report Online, September 2, 2004. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.merip.org/mero/mero090204.
391. Tetreault, Mary Ann. "Kuwait's Unhappy Anniversary." Middle East Policy 7, no. 3 (2000): 67-77. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.thefreelibrary.com/KUWAIT'S+UNHAPPY+ANNIVERSARY.-a063564934.
392. Tetreault, Mary Ann. Stories of Democracy: Politics and Society in Contemporary Kuwait. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.
393. Tetreault, Mary Ann. "Three Emirs and a Tale of Two Transitions." Middle East Report Online, February 10, 2006. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.merip.org/mero/mero021006.
394. Tetreault, Mary Ann. "Women's Rights and the Meaning of Citizenship in Kuwait." Middle East Report Online, February 10, 2005. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.merip.org/mero/mero021005.
395. Timmerman, Kenneth R. "The Gulf Monarchies: Kutwait's Real Elections." Middle East Quarterly 3, no. 4 (1996): 53-58. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.meforum.org/article/425.
396. Tolchin, Martin. "After the War: Congress Withholds $55 Million in Aid to Jordan." New York Times, March 23, 1991.
397. Toqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. Edited by Richard D. Heffner. New York: New American Library, 1956.
398. "Transcript: Confirmation Hearing of Condoleezza Rice." New York Times, January 18, 2005. Accessed January 2009 at http://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/18/politics/18TEXT-RICE.html?pagewanted=print.
399. Tristam, Pierre. "Jordan: Country Profile," About.com, 2008. Accessed December 2011 at http://middleeast.about.com/od/jordan/p/me071114.htm.
400. Tsai, Kellee S. "Capitalists without a Class: Political Diversity among Private Entrepreneurs." Comparative Political Studies 38, no. 9 (2005): 1130-58.
401. Tucker, Robert W. The Inequality of Nations. New York: Basic Books, 1977.
402. UNHCR. World Report 2008: Morocco/Western Sahara. Geneva: UNHCR, 2008. Accessed June 2008 at http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,HRW,,MAR,47a87c0cc,0.html.
403. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook: Kuwait. Accessed January 2012 at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ku.html.
404. U.S. Commercial Service. Doing Business in Jordan: 2010 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, 2010. Accessed January 2012 at http://export.gov/jordan/doingbusinessinjordan/eg_jo_038317.asp.
405. "U.S. Rewards Morocco for Terror Aid." BBC News, June 4, 2004. Accessed December 2011 at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3776413.stm.
406. U.S. State Department. Middle East and North Africa Overview, 2005. Accessed December 2011 at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/65472.pdf.
407. Vandewalle, Dirk. Libya Since Independence: Oil and State-Building. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.
408. Walker, Joshua. "Re-examining the U.S.-Turkish Alliance." Washington Quarterly 31, no. 1 (2007-8): 93-109.
409. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Hamas Weapons in Jordan: Implications for Islamists on the East Bank. PolicyWatch no. 1098. Washington, DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2006.
410. Weber, Max. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. Edited by Hans Heinrich Gerth; translated by Hans Heinrich Gerth and C. Wright Mills. London: Routledge, 2009.
411. Wedeen, Lisa. "Beyond the Crusades: Why Huntington and Bin Laden Are Wrong." Middle East Policy, 10, no. 2 (2003): 54-61.
412. Wedeen, Lisa. Peripheral Visions: Publics, Power, and Performance in Yemen. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.
413. Welzel, Christian, and Ronald F. Inglehart. "The Role of Ordinary People in Democratization." Journal of Democracy 19, no. 1 (2008): 126-40.
414. Weyland, Kurt. "Neoliberalism in Latin America: A Mixed Record." Latin American Politics and Society 46, no. 1(2004): 135-57.
415. Weyland, Kurt. The Politics of Market Reform in Fragile Democracies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004.
416. Wike, Richard. "Indonesia: The Obama Effect." Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, 2010. Accessed January 2012 at http://pewresearch.org/pubs/1529/indonesian-views-america-image-president-obama-trip.
417. Wiktorowicz, Quintan. "Civil Society as Social Control: State Power in Jordan." Comparative Politics 33, no. 1 (2000): 43-61.
418. Wiktorowicz, Quintan. "Islamists, the State and Cooperation." Arab Studies Quarterly 21, no. 4 (1999): 4-12.
419. Williams, David. "Political Islam's Opportunity in Jordan." Washington Post, April 13, 2006. Accessed December 2011 at http:/www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/12/AR2006041201897_pf.html.
420. World Values Survey 2002. Accessed January 2012 at http://www.wvsevsdb.com/wvs/WVSData.jsp.
421. Yacoubian, Mona. Engaging Islamists and Promoting Democracy: A Preliminary Assessment. United States Institute of Peace Special Report no. 190. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 2007. Accessed December 2007 at http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr190.html.
422. Yetiv, Steve. "Kuwait's Democratic Experiment in Its Broader International Context." Middle East Journal 56, no. 2 (2002): 257-62.
423. Youngs, Richard. Energy: A Reinforced Obstacle to Democracy? Madrid: Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior, 2008. Accessed February 2009 at http://www.fride.org/publication/467/energy-a-reinforced-obstacle-to-democracy.
424. Zogby International. Arabs: What They Believe and What They Value Most. Ithaca, NY: Zogby International, 2002. Accessed January 2012 at http://aai.3cdn.net/7b568f016f6ad3a301_b5m6be8kr.pdf.
425. Zuhur, Sherifa. Saudi Arabia: Islamic Threat, Political Reform, and the Global War on Terror. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute 2005. Accessed August 2008 at http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=598.