From cloning to structure, function, and regulation of chloride-dependent and independent bicarbonate transporters

Physiology and Pathology of chloride transporters and channels in the nervous system

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 43-79

  Romero, Michael F ^a   Chang, Min Hwang ^a   Mount, David B ^b  

^a MAYO GRADUATE SCHOOL   (United States)

^b BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882464106     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374373-2.00004-2     Document Type: Chapter

References (341)

1. Abuladze N., et al. Molecular Cloning, Chromosomal Localization, Tissue Distribution, and Functional Expression of the Human Pancreatic Sodium Bicarbonate Cotransporter. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:17689-17695.
2. Abuladze N., Pushkin A., Tatishchev S., Newman D., Sassani P., Kurtz I. Expression and localization of rat NBC4c in liver and renal uroepithelium. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2004, 287:C781-C789.
3. Abuladze N., et al. Structural organization of the human NBC1 gene: kNBC1 is transcribed from an alternative promoter in intron 3. Gene 2000, 251:109-122.
4. Accardi A., Kolmakova-Partensky L., Williams C., Miller C. Ionic currents mediated by a prokaryotic homologue of CLC Cl- channels. J. Gen. Physiol. 2004, 123:109-119.
5. Accardi A., Miller C. Secondary active transport mediated by a prokaryotic homologue of ClC Cl- channels. Nature 2004, 427:803-807.
6. Accardi A., Walden M., Nguitragool W., Jayaram H., Williams C., Miller C. Separate ion pathways in a Cl+/H+ exchanger. J. Gen. Physiol. 2005, 126:563-570.
7. - salvage mechanisms in model systems and the mouse pancreatic duct. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:17236-17243.
8. Albert J.T., et al. Voltage-sensitive prestin orthologue expressed in zebrafish hair cells. J. Physiol. 2007, 580:451-461.
9. Alper S.L. Genetic diseases of acid-base transporters. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2002, 64:899-923.
10. (-) Exchangers by pH. Jop 2001, 2:171-175.
11. - exchangers. J. Nephrol. 2002, 15(Suppl 5):S41-S53.
12. Alper S.L., Kopito R.R., Libresco S.M., Lodish H.F. Cloning and characterization of a murine band 3-related cDNA from kidney and from a lymphoid cell line. J. Biol. Chem. 1988, 263:17092-17099.
13. Alper S.L., Rossmann H., Wilhelm S., Stuart-Tilley A.K., Shmukler B.E., Seidler U. Expression of AE2 anion exchanger in mouse intestine. Am. J. Physiol. 1999, 277:G321-G332.
14. +-ATPase rather than with basolateral anion exchanger AE2. J. Clin. Invest. 1994, 93:1430-1438.
15. Alper S.L., Stuart-Tilley A.K., Biemesderfer D., Shmukler B.E., Brown D. Immunolocalization of AE2 anion exchanger in rat kidney. Am. J. Physiol. 1997, 273:F601-F614.
16. - transport in the rat proximal convoluted tubule. A sodium-coupled electrogenic process. J. Gen. Physiol. 1985, 86:613-636.
17. Alpern R.J., Rector F.C. Renal Acidification Mechanisms. The kidney 1996, Vol. 1. W.B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia, PA. B.M. Brenner, F.C. Rector (Eds.).
18. Alvarez B.V., Kieller D.M., Quon A.L., Markovich D., Casey J.R. Slc26a6: a cardiac chloride-hydroxyl exchanger and predominant chloride-bicarbonate exchanger of the mouse heart. J. Physiol. 2004, 561:721-734.
19. Alvarez B.V., Vilas G.L., Casey J.R. Metabolon disruption: a mechanism that regulates bicarbonate transport. Embo J. 2005, 24:2499-2511.
20. Aravind L., Koonin E.V. The STAS domain - a link between anion transporters and antisigma-factor antagonists. Curr. Biol. 2000, 10:R53-R55.
21. Ashmore J. Cochlear outer hair cell motility. Physiol. Rev. 2008, 88:173-210.
22. Bartel D., Hans H., Passow H. Identification by site-directed mutagenesis of Lys-558 as the covalent attachment site of H2DIDS in the mouse erythroid band 3 protein. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1989, 985:355-358.
23. Bartel D., Lepke S., Layh-Schmitt G., Legrum B., Passow H. Anion transport in oocytes of Xenopus laevis induced by expression of mouse erythroid band 3 protein--encoding cRNA and of a cRNA derivative obtained by site-directed mutagenesis at the stilbene disulfonate binding site. Embo J. 1989, 8:3601-3609.
24. Barzilay M., Ship S., Cabantchik Z.I. Anion transport in red blood cells. I. Chemical properties of anion recognition sites as revealed by structure-activity relationships of aromatic sulfonic acids. Membr. Biochem. 1979, 2:227-254.
25. - transport. Am. J. Physiol. 1989, 256:F335-F341.
26. Becker H.M., Broer S., Deitmer J.W. Facilitated Lactate Transport by MCT1 when Coexpressed with the Sodium Bicarbonate Cotransporter (NBC) in Xenopus Oocytes. Biophys. J. 2004, 86:235-247.
27. Becker H.M., Deitmer J.W. Voltage dependence of h+ buffering mediated by sodium bicarbonate cotransport expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279:28057-28062.
28. - cotransporter. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282:13508-13512.
29. +-lactate cotransport via monocarboxylate transporter 1. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283:21655-21667.
30. - cotransporter (NBC) with a novel C terminus, cloned from rat brain. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2000, 278:C1200-C1211.
31. - symporter and Pendred syndrome genes in trophoblast cells. J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 2000, 85:4367-4372.
32. Bissig M., Hagenbuch B., Stieger B., Koller T., Meier P.J. Functional expression cloning of the canalicular sulfate transport system of rat hepatocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269:3017-3021.
33. Bok D., et al. Immunolocalization of electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporters pNBC1 and kNBC1 in the rat eye. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2001, 281:F920-F935.
34. Boodhoo A., Reithmeier R.A. Characterization of matrix-bound Band 3, the anion transport protein from human erythrocyte membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 1984, 259:785-790.
35. Boron W.F. Intracellular pH transients in giant barnacle muscle fibers. Am. J. Physiol. 1977, 233:C61-C73.
36. - transport. J. Gen. Physiol. 1983, 81:53-94.
37. - , blocked by cyanide. Nature 1976, 259:240-241.
38. Boron W.F., Russell J.M. Stoichiometry and ion dependencies of the intracellular-pH-regulating mechanism in squid giant axons. J. Gen. Physiol. 1983, 81:373-399.
39. Brosius F.C., et al. AE anion exchanger mRNA and protein expression in vascular smooth muscle cells, aorta, and renal microvessels. Am. J. Physiol. 1997, 273:F1039-F1047.
40. Brosius F.C.d., Alper S.L., Garcia A.M., Lodish H.F. The major kidney band 3 gene transcript predicts an amino-terminal truncated band 3 polypeptide. J. Biol. Chem. 1989, 264:7784-7787.
41. Brownell W.E., Bader C.R., Bertrand D., de Ribaupierre Y. Evoked mechanical responses of isolated cochlear outer hair cells. Science 1985, 227:194-196.
42. Bruce L.J., et al. Familial distal renal tubular acidosis is associated with mutations in the red cell anion exchanger (Band 3, AE1) gene. J. Clin. Invest. 1997, 100:1693-1707.
43. Bruce L.J., et al. Band 3 mutations, renal tubular acidosis and South-East Asian ovalocytosis in Malaysia and Papua New Guinea: loss of up to 95% band 3 transport in red cells. Biochem. J. 2000, 350(Pt 1):41-51.
44. - cotransporter. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272:19111-19114.
45. Byeon M.K., et al. The down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) gene encodes an intestine-specific membrane glycoprotein. Oncogene 1996, 12:387-396.
46. Cabantchik Z.I., Greger R. Chemical probes for anion transporters of mammalian cell membranes. Am. J. Physiol. 1992, 262:C803-C827.
47. Cabantchik Z.I., Rothstein A. The nature of the membrane sites controlling anion permeability of human red blood cells as determined by studies with disulfonic stilbene derivatives. J. Membr. Biol. 1972, 10:311-330.
48. Cabantchik Z.I., Rothstein A. Membrane proteins related to anion permeability of human red blood cells. I. Localization of disulfonic stilbene binding sites in proteins involved in permeation. J. Membr. Biol. 1974, 15:207-226.
49. Carvelli L., McDonald P.W., Blakely R.D., Defelice L.J. Dopamine transporters depolarize neurons by a channel mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2004, 101:16046-16051.
50. Cavet M.E., West M., Simmons N.L. Fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) secretion by human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1997, 121:1567-1578.
51. 3 tunnel" revealed by human mutation and structural model. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283:18402-18410.
52. + transporter. J. Membr. Biol. 2009, 128:125-140.
53. Chang S.H., Low P.S. Identification of a critical ankyrin-binding loop on the cytoplasmic domain of erythrocyte membrane band 3 by crystal structure analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:6879-6884.
54. Chapman J.M., Knoepp S.M., Byeon M.K., Henderson K.W., Schweinfest C.W. The Colon Anion Transporter, Down-Regulated in Adenoma, Induces Growth Suppression That Is Abrogated by E1A. Cancer Res. 2002, 62:5083-5088.
55. Chen J.C., Chesler M. A bicarbonate-dependent increase in extracellular pH mediated by GABAA receptors in turtle cerebellum. Neurosci Lett. 1990, 116:130-135.
56. Chen J.C., Chesler M. Modulation of extracellular pH by glutamate and GABA in rat hippocampal slices. J. Neurophysiol. 1992, 67:29-36.
57. Chen N.H., Reith M.E., Quick M.W. Synaptic uptake and beyond: the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family SLC6. Pflugers Arch. 2004, 447:519-531.
58. Chen, W.Y. et al. (2008). Cl- Is Required for HCO3- Entry Necessary for Sperm Capacitation in Guinea Pig: Involvement of a Cl-/HCO3- Exchanger (SLC26A3) and CFTR. Biol. Reprod.
59. Chernova M.N., et al. Functional comparison of mouse slc26a6 anion exchanger with human SLC26A6 polypeptide variants: Differences in anion selectivity, regulation, and electrogenicity. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280:8564-8580.
60. Chernova M.N., et al. Acute regulation of the SLC26A3 congenital chloride diarrhoea anion exchanger (DRA) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J. Physiol. 2003, 549:3-19.
61. + and Hypertonicity. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2003, 284:C1235-C1246.
62. --transporting epithelia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2003, 100:663-668.
63. Choi I., Aalkjaer C., Boulpaep E.L., Boron W.F. An electroneutral sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter NBCn1 and associated sodium channel. Nature 2000, 405:571-575.
64. 3 cotransporter. FASEB J. 2002, 16:A796.
65. 3 cotransporter from human heart. Am. J. Physiol. 1999, 274:C576-C584.
66. - transport in mutations associated with cystic fibrosis. Nature 2001, 410:94-97.
67. 3 cotransporter NBCn1 in rat hippocampal neurons. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280:17823-17830.
68. 2 permeability of xenopus oocytes expressing aquaporin 1 or its C189S mutant. Am. J. Physiol. 1998, 275:C1481-C1486.
69. - oxalate transporter in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2009, 160:283-288.
70. Coyle B., et al. Pendred syndrome (goitre and sensorineural hearing loss) maps to chromosome 7 in the region containing the nonsyndromic deafness gene DFNB4. Nat. Genet. 1996, 12:421-423.
71. Coyle B., et al. Molecular analysis of the PDS gene in Pendred syndrome. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1998, 7:1105-1112.
72. Cuppens H., et al. Polyvariant mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator genes. The polymorphic (Tg)m locus explains the partial penetrance of the T5 polymorphism as a disease mutation. J. Clin. Invest. 1998, 101:487-496.
73. Dallos P., et al. Prestin-based outer hair cell motility is necessary for mammalian cochlear amplification. Neuron 2008, 58:333-339.
74. Deitmer J.W. Glial strategy for metabolic shuttling and neuronal function. Bioessays 2000, 22:747-752.
75. Demirci F.Y., Chang M.-H., Mah T.S., Romero M.F., Gorin M.B. Proximal renal tubular acidosis and ocular pathology: L522P, a novel missense mutation in the gene (SLC4A4) for Sodium Bicarbonate Cotransporter protein (NBCe1). Mol. Vision 2006, 12:324-330.
76. Demuth D.R., et al. Cloning and structural characterization of a human non-erythroid band 3-like protein. Embo J. 1986, 5:1205-1214.
77. Detro-Dassen S., et al. Conserved Dimeric Subunit Stoichiometry of SLC26 Multifunctional Anion Exchangers. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283:4177-4188.
78. Dinour D., et al. A novel missense mutation in the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBCe1/SLC4A4) causes proximal tubular acidosis and glaucoma through ion transport defects. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279:52238-52246.
79. Dodge J.T., Mitchell C., Hanahan D.J. The preparation and chemical characteristics of hemoglobin-free ghosts of human erythrocytes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1963, 100:119-130.
80. Dorwart M.R., Shcheynikov N., Baker J.M., Forman-Kay J.D., Muallem S., Thomas P.J. Congenital chloride-losing diarrhea causing mutations in the stas domain result in misfolding and mistrafficking of SLC26A3. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283:8711-8722.
81. Dorwart M.R., Shcheynikov N., Wang Y., Stippec S., Muallem S. SLC26A9 is a Cl channel regulated by the WNK kinases. J. Physiol. 2007, 584:333-345.
82. - cotransporter expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes: Inhibition by tenidap and benzamil and effect of temperature on transport rate and stoichiometry. Pflügers Arch. 2001, 442:709-717.
83. Dudas P.L., Mentone S., Greineder C.F., Biemesderfer D., Aronson P.S. Immunolocalization of anion transporter Slc26a7 in mouse kidney. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2006, 290:F937-F945.
84. Dutzler R., Campbell E.B., Cadene M., Chait B.T., MacKinnon R. X-ray structure of a ClC chloride channel at 3.0 A reveals the molecular basis of anion selectivity. Nature 2002, 415:287-294.
85. Emmons C. Transport characteristics of the apical anion exchanger of rabbit cortical collecting duct beta-cells. Am. J. Physiol. 1999, 276:F635-F643.
86. Everett L.A., et al. Targeted disruption of mouse Pds provides insight about the inner-ear defects encountered in Pendred syndrome. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2001, 10:153-161.
87. Everett L.A., et al. Pendred syndrome is caused by mutations in a putative sulphate transporter gene (PDS). Nat. Genet. 1997, 17:411-422.
88. Everett L.A., Green E.D. A family of mammalian anion transporters and their involvement in human genetic diseases. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1999, 8:1883-1891.
89. Everett L.A., Morsli H., Wu D.K., Green E.D. Expression pattern of the mouse ortholog of the Pendred's syndrome gene (Pds) suggests a key role for pendrin in the inner ear. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1999, 96:9727-9732.
90. Fairbanks G., Steck T.L., Wallach D.F. Electrophoretic analysis of the major polypeptides of the human erythrocyte membrane. Biochemistry 1971, 10:2606-2617.
91. 2 permeability in lung and kidney. J. Physiol. 2002, 542:63-69.
92. Freel R.W., Hatch M., Green M., Soleimani M. Ileal oxalate absorption and urinary oxalate excretion are enhanced in Slc26a6 null mice. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2006, 290:G719-G728.
93. - cotransporter. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282:9042-9052.
94. Geibel J., Giebisch G., Boron W.F. Basolateral sodium-coupled acid-base transport mechanisms of the rabbit proximal tubule. Am. J. Physiol. 1989, 257:F790-F797.
95. Gill R.K., et al. Mechanism underlying inhibition of intestinal apical Cl/OH exchange following infection with enteropathogenic E. coli. J. Clin. Invest. 2007, 117:428-437.
96. Greeley T., Shumaker H., Wang Z., Schweinfest C.W., Soleimani M. Downregulated in adenoma and putative anion transporter are regulated by CFTR in cultured pancreatic duct cells. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2001, 281:G1301-G1308.
97. Grichtchenko I.I., Chesler M. Depolarization-induced acid secretion in gliotic hippocampal slices. Neuroscience 1994, 62:1057-1070.
98. Grichtchenko I.I., Chesler M. Depolarization-induced alkalinization of astrocytes in gliotic hippocampal slices. Neuroscience 1994, 62:1071-1078.
99. 3 exchanger. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:8358-8363.
100. 3 cotransporters (NBC) cloned from salamander and rat kidney. J. Gen. Physiol. 2000, 115:533-546.
101. Groves J.D., Falson P., le Maire M., Tanner M.J. Functional cell surface expression of the anion transport domain of human red cell band 3 (AE1) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1996, 93:12245-12250.
102. Groves J.D., Tanner M.J. Glycophorin A facilitates the expression of human band 3-mediated anion transport in Xenopus oocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267:22163-22170.
103. Groves J.D., Tanner M.J. Co-expressed complementary fragments of the human red cell anion exchanger (band 3, AE1) generate stilbene disulfonate-sensitive anion transport. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270:9097-9105.
104. Haila S., Hastbacka J., Bohling T., Karjalainen-Lindsberg M.L., Kere J., Saarialho-Kere U. Slc26a2 (diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter) is expressed in developing and mature cartilage but also in other tissues and cell types. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2001, 49:973-982.
105. Haila S., et al. The congenital chloride diarrhea gene is expressed in seminal vesicle, sweat gland, inflammatory colon epithelium, and in some dysplastic colon cells. Histochem. Cell Biol. 2000, 113:279-286.
106. Hassan H.A., Mentone S., Karniski L.P., Rajendran V.M., Aronson P.S. Regulation of anion exchanger Slc26a6 by protein kinase C. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2007, 292:C1485-C1492.
107. Hastbacka J., de la Chapelle A., Kaitila I., Sistonen P., Weaver A., Lander E. Linkage disequilibrium mapping in isolated founder populations: diastrophic dysplasia in Finland. Nat. Genet. 1992, 2:204-211.
108. Hastbacka J., et al. The diastrophic dysplasia gene encodes a novel sulfate transporter: positional cloning by fine-structure linkage disequilibrium mapping. Cell 1994, 78:1073-1087.
109. Hemminki A., et al. Intestinal cancer in patients with a germline mutation in the down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) gene. Oncogene 1998, 16:681-684.
110. - exchanger AE3 display a reduced seizure threshold. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2006, 26:182-191.
111. Hoglund P., et al. Mutations of the Down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) gene cause congenital chloride diarrhoea. Nat. Genet. 1996, 14:316-319.
112. Hoglund P., Hihnala S., Kujala M., Tiitinen A., Dunkel L., Holmberg C. Disruption of the SLC26A3-mediated anion transport is associated with male subfertility. Fertil. Steril. 2006, 85:232-235.
113. Hoglund P., Holmberg C., Sherman P., Kere J. Distinct outcomes of chloride diarrhoea in two siblings with identical genetic background of the disease: implications for early diagnosis and treatment. Gut 2001, 48:724-727.
114. Holmes R.P., Goodman H.O., Assimos D.G. Contribution of dietary oxalate to urinary oxalate excretion. Kidney Int. 2001, 59:270-276.
115. Howitt S.M. The role of cysteine residues in the sulphate transporter, SHST1: construction of a functional cysteine-less transporter. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2005, 1669:95-100.
116. Huang W., Smith S.E., Chesler M. Addition of carbonic anhydrase augments extracellular pH buffering in rat cerebral cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 1995, 74:1806-1809.
117. 4Cl activates AE2 anion exchanger in Xenopus oocytes at acidic pHi. Am. J. Physiol. 1997, 272:C1232-C1240.
118. Humphreys B.D., Jiang L., Chernova M.N., Alper S.L. Hypertonic activation of AE2 anion exchanger in Xenopus oocytes via NHE- mediated intracellular alkalinization. Am. J. Physiol. 1995, 268:C201-C209.
119. Igarashi T., et al. Mutations in SLC4A4 cause permanent isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis with ocular abnormalities. Nat. Genet. 1999, 23:264-266.
120. - cotransporter gene (SLC4A4) in a patient with permanent isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis and bilateral glaucoma. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2001, 12:713-718.
121. - Cotransporter Gene (SLC4A4) in a Patient with Permanent Isolated Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis and Bilateral Glaucoma. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2000, 11:A0573.
122. Igarashi T., Sekine T., Inatomi J., Seki G. Unraveling the molecular pathogenesis of isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002, 13:2171-2177.
123. Inatomi J., et al. Mutational and functional analysis of SLC4A4 in a patient with proximal renal tubular acidosis. Pflugers Arch. 2004, 448:438-444.
124. - exchanger activity and cAMP-stimulated bicarbonate secretion in pancreatic duct. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007, 292:G447-G455.
125. - exchange in rabbit, rat, and human duodenum. Gastroenterology 2002, 122:709-724.
126. - exchanger. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:6380-6388.
127. Jennings M.L. Proton fluxes associated with erythrocyte membrane anion exchange. J. Membr. Biol. 1976, 28:187-205.
128. 2-independent pH equilibration in human red blood cells. J. Membr. Biol. 1978, 40:365-391.
129. Jensen L.J., et al. Localization of sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) protein and messenger ribonucleic acid in rat epididymis. Biol. Reprod. 1999, 60:573-579.
130. Jentsch T.J. CLC chloride channels and transporters: from genes to protein structure, pathology and physiology. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2008, 43:3-36.
131. Jentsch T.J., Keller S.K., Koch M., Wiederholt M. Evidence for coupled transport of bicarbonate and sodium in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells. J. Membr. Biol. 1984, 81:189-204.
132. Jentsch T.J., Neagoe I., Scheel O. CLC chloride channels and transporters. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2005, 15:319-325.
133. Jentsch T.J., Stein V., Weinreich F., Zdebik A.A. Molecular structure and physiological function of chloride channels. Physiol. Rev. 2002, 82:503-568.
134. Jiang Z., et al. Calcium oxalate urolithiasis in mice lacking anion transporter Slc26a6. Nat. Genet. 2006, 38:474-478.
135. Jiang Z., Grichtchenko II., Boron W.F., Aronson P.S. Specificity of anion exchange mediated by mouse Slc26a6. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:33963-33967.
136. Kahle K.T., Ring A.M., Lifton R.P. Molecular physiology of the WNK kinases. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2008, 70:329-355.
137. + secretion. Nat. Genet. 2003, 35:372-376.
138. Kaila K., Paalasmaa P., Taira T., Voipio J. pH transients due to monosynaptic activation of GABAA receptors in rat hippocampal slices. Neuroreport 1992, 3:105-108.
139. Kaila K., Pasternack M., Saarikoski J., Voipio J. Influence of GABA-gated bicarbonate conductance on potential, current and intracellular chloride in crayfish muscle fibres. J. Physiol. (Lond) 1989, 416:161-181.
140. - on the postsynaptic actions of GABA at the crayfish neuromuscular synapse. Acta. Physiol. Scand. Suppl. 1989, 582:18.
141. Kaila K., Voipio J., Paalasmaa P., Pasternack M., Deisz R.A. The role of bicarbonate in GABAA receptor-mediated IPSPs of rat neocortical neurones. J. Physiol. (Lond) 1993, 464:273-289.
142. Karet F.E., et al. Mutations in the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger gene AE1 cause autosomal dominant but not autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1998, 95:6337-6342.
143. Karniski L.P. Mutations in the diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter (DTDST) gene: correlation between sulfate transport activity and chondrodysplasia phenotype. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2001, 10:1485-1490.
144. - transport in rabbit renal microvillus membranes. Am. J. Physiol. 1987, 253:F513-F521.
145. Karniski L.P., Lotscher M., Fucentese M., Hilfiker H., Biber J., Murer H. Immunolocalization of sat-1 sulfate/oxalate/bicarbonate anion exchanger in the rat kidney. Am. J. Physiol. 1998, 275:F79-F787.
146. Karniski L.P., Wang T., Everett L.A., Green E.D., Giebisch G., Aronson P.S. Formate-stimulated NaCl absorption in the proximal tubule is independent of the pendrin protein. Am. J. Physiol. 2002, 283:F952-F956.
147. Khurana O.K., Coupland L.A., Shelden M.C., Howitt S.M. Homologous mutations in two diverse sulphate transporters have similar effects. FEBS Lett. 2000, 477:118-122.
148. - Channel Regulated by Intracellular pH. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280:6463-6470.
149. Kim Y.H., et al. Immunocytochemical localization of pendrin in intercalated cell subtypes in rat and mouse kidney. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2002, 283:F744-F754.
150. Knauf F., Yang C.L., Thomson R.B., Mentone S.A., Giebisch G., Aronson P.S. Identification of a chloride-formate exchanger expressed on the brush border membrane of renal proximal tubule cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001, 98:9425-9430.
151. Knauf P.A., Rothstein A. Chemical modification of membranes. I. Effects of sulfhydryl and amino reactive reagents on anion and cation permeability of the human red blood cell. J. Gen. Physiol. 1971, 58:190-210.
152. Knickelbein R.G., Aronson P.S., Dobbins J.W. Oxalate transport by anion exchange across rabbit ileal brush border. J. Clin. Invest. 1986, 77:170-175.
153. - exchanger in the basolateral membrane of the renal CCD and the SMG duct. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2002, 283:C1206-C1218.
154. - transport in cystic fibrosis. Embo J. 2002, 21:5662-5672.
155. Ko S.B., et al. Gating of CFTR by the STAS domain of SLC26 transporters. Nat. Cell. Biol. 2004, 6:343-350.
156. - transport. FASEB J. 2002, 16:a819.
157. Kobayashi S., Morgans C.W., Casey J.R., Kopito R.R. AE3 anion exchanger isoforms in the vertebrate retina: developmental regulation and differential expression in neurons and glia. J. Neurosci. 1994, 14:6266-6279.
158. Kopito R.R., Lee B.S., Simmons D.M., Lindsey A.E., Morgans C.W., Schneider K. Regulation of intracellular pH by a neuronal homolog of the erythrocyte anion exchanger. Cell 1989, 59:927-937.
159. Kopito R.R., Lodish H.F. Primary structure and transmembrane orientation of the murine anion exchange protein. Nature 1985, 316:234-238.
160. Kosiek, O. et al. (2007). SLC26A7 Can function as a chloride-loading mechanism in parietal cells. Pflugers Arch.
161. Ku C.P., Jennings M.L., Passow H. A comparison of the inhibitory potency of reversibly acting inhibitors of anion transport on chloride and sulfate movements across the human red cell membrane. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1979, 553:132-141.
162. - exchanger. J. Biol. Chem. 1990, 265:462-471.
163. Kuperman D.A., et al. Dissecting asthma using focused transgenic modeling and functional genomics. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2005, 116:305-311.
164. Kurita Y., et al. Identification of intestinal bicarbonate transporters involved in formation of carbonate precipitates to stimulate water absorption in marine teleost fish. Am. J. Physiol. - Comp. & Reg. Physiol. 2008, 284:R1402-R1412.
165. Kurtz I., Nagami G., Yanagawa N., Li L., Emmons C., Lee I. Mechanism of apical and basolateral Na(+)-independent Cl-/base exchange in the rabbit superficial proximal straight tubule. J. Clin. Invest. 1994, 94:173-183.
166. Laemmli U.K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 1970, 227:680-685.
167. Landolt-Marticorena C., Casey J.R., Reithmeier R.A. Transmembrane helix-helix interactions and accessibility of H2DIDS on labelled band 3, the erythrocyte anion exchange protein. Mol. Membr. Biol. 1995, 12:173-182.
168. - exchange by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator expressed in NIH 3T3 and HEK 293 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274:3414-3421.
169. Lepke S., Passow H. The effect of pH at hemolysis on the reconstitution of low cation permeability in human erythrocyte ghosts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1972, 255:696-702.
170. Leves F.P., Tierney M.L., Howitt S.M. Polar residues in a conserved motif spanning helices 1 and 2 are functionally important in the SulP transporter family. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2008, 40:2596-2605.
171. - fluxes in bovine corneal endothelium. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2005, 288:C739-C746.
172. Li X.C., et al. A mutation in PDS causes non-syndromic recessive deafness. Nat. Genet. 1998, 18:215-217.
173. Liberman M.C., Gao J., He D.Z., Wu X., Jia S., Zuo J. Prestin is required for electromotility of the outer hair cell and for the cochlear amplifier. Nature 2002, 419:300-304.
174. - exchanger. Cloning of a cardiac AE3 cDNA, organization of the AE3 gene, and identification of an alternative transcription initiation site. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267:7927-7935.
175. Lipovich, L., Lynch, E.D., Lee, M.K., and King, M.C. (2001). A novel sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like gene in an ancient duplicated region: SLC4A9 at 5q31. Genome Biol. 2.
176. Liu X.Z., et al. Prestin, a cochlear motor protein, is defective in non-syndromic hearing loss. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2003, 12:1155-1162.
177. Lohi H., Kujala M., Kerkela E., Saarialho-Kere U., Kestila M., Kere J. Mapping of five new putative anion transporter genes in human and characterization of SLC26A6, a candidate gene for pancreatic anion exchanger. Genomics 2000, 70:102-112.
178. Lohi H., et al. Functional characterization of three novel tissue-specific anion exchangers SLC26A7, -A8, and -A9. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:14246-14254.
179. Lohi, H. et al. (2002b). Isoforms of the anion exchanger SLC26A6 (PAT1) mediate chloride and sulfate transport and have functional PDZ interaction domains. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.
180. Lohi H., et al. Isoforms of SLC26A6 mediate anion transport and have functional PDZ interaction domains. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2003, 284:C769-C779.
181. (-) transport by bicarbonate. Cell Physiol. Biochem. 2008, 22:15-30.
182. Low P.S. Specific cation modulation of anion transport across the human erythrocyte membrane. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1978, 514:264-273.
183. 3 cotransporter NBCe1-A: role of lysines in the KKMIK motif of TM5. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2007, 292:C1787-C1798.
184. Makalowski W., Boguski M.S. Evolutionary parameters of the transcribed mammalian genome: an analysis of 2,820 orthologous rodent and human sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1998, 95:9407-9412.
185. Makela S., Kere J., Holmberg C., Hoglund P. SLC26A3 mutations in congenital chloride diarrhea. Hum. Mutat. 2002, 20:425-438.
186. Masmoudi S., et al. Pendred syndrome: phenotypic variability in two families carrying the same PDS missense mutation [In Process Citation]. Am. J. Med. Genet. 2000, 90:38-44.
187. Mason M.J., Mattsson K., Pasternack M., Voipio J., Kaila K. Postsynaptic fall in intracellular pH and increase in surface pH caused by efflux of formate and acetate anions through GABA-gated channels in crayfish muscle fibres. Neuroscience 1990, 34:359-368.
188. 3 cotransporter (NBCe1) variants expressed in xenopus oocytes: functional comparison and roles of the amino and carboxy termini. J. Gen. Physiol. 2006, 127:639-658.
189. Meier S., Hubner C.A., Groeben H., Peters J., Bingmann D., Wiemann M. Expression of anion exchanger 3 influences respiratory rate in awake and isoflurane anesthetized mice. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2007, 58(Suppl. 5):371-378.
190. Mellado Lagarde M.M., Drexl M., Lukashkin A.N., Zuo J., Russell I.J. Prestin's role in cochlear frequency tuning and transmission of mechanical responses to neural excitation. Curr. Biol. 2008, 18:200-202.
191. + exchanger. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274:22855-22861.
192. Moseley R.H., et al. Downregulated in adenoma gene encodes a chloride transporter defective in congenital chloride diarrhea. Am. J. Physiol. 1999, 276:G185-G192.
193. Mount D.B., Romero M.F. The SLC26 gene family of multifunctional anion exchangers. Pflügers Arch. 2004, 447:710-721.
194. Muallem D., Ashmore J. An anion antiporter model of prestin, the outer hair cell motor protein. Biophys. J. 2006, 90:4035-4045.
195. - cotransporter (rkNBC) overexpressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes measured using giant patches. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1998, 9:9A.
196. Nakagami Y., et al. The epithelial anion transporter pendrin is induced by allergy and rhinovirus infection, regulates airway surface liquid, and increases airway reactivity and inflammation in an asthma model. J. Immunol. 2008, 181:2203-2210.
197. Nakao I., et al. Identification of pendrin as a common mediator for mucus production in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Immunol. 2008, 180:6262-6269.
198. 2+] by inhibition of acid-sensitive TRPV5 and TRPV6 channels. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2007, 292:F1314-F1321.
199. 2 permeability of Xenopus oocytes [see comments]. Am. J. Physiol. 1998, 274:C543-C548.
200. Nakhoul N.L., et al. Processing and functional expression of carbonic anhydrase isoforms in Xenopus laevis oocytes. FASEB J. 1996, 10:A88.
201. Ogihara T., Tamai I., Tsuji A. Structural characterization of substrates for the anion exchange transporter in caco-2 cells. J. Pharm. Sci. 1999, 88:1217-1221.
202. Okubo K., Kang D., Hamasaki N., Jennings M.L. Red blood cell band 3. Lysine 539 and lysine 851 react with the same H2DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanodihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid) molecule. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269:1918-1926.
203. Oliver D., et al. Intracellular anions as the voltage sensor of prestin, the outer hair cell motor protein. Science 2001, 292:2340-2343.
204. Papageorgiou P., Shmukler B.E., Stuart-Tilley A.K., Jiang L., Alper S.L. AE anion exchangers in atrial tumor cells. Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol. 2001, 280:H937-H945.
205. - cotransport isoform 3. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:50503-50509.
206. (+)-Coupled Borate Transporter Essential for Cellular Boron Homeostasis and Cell Growth and Proliferation. Mol. Cell. 2004, 16:331-341.
207. Parker M.D., Boron W.F., Tanner M.J.A. Characterization of human 'AE4' as an electroneutral, sodium-dependent bicarbonate transporter. FASEB J. 2002, 16:A796.
208. - self-exchange activity. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283:12777-12788.
209. Parker M.D., Ourmozdi E.P., Tanner M.J. Human BTR1, a new bicarbonate transporter superfamily member and human AE4 from kidney. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001, 282:1103-1109.
210. Pera, A. et al. (2008). Functional assessment of allelic variants in the SLC26A4 gene involved in Pendred syndrome and nonsyndromic EVA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
211. Peters T.A., Tonnaer E.L., Kuijpers W., Cremers C.W., Curfs J.H. Differences in endolymphatic sac mitochondria-rich cells indicate specific functions. Laryngoscope 2002, 112:534-541.
212. - exchanger specific to intercalated cells of the outer medullary collecting duct. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2004, 286:F161-F169.
213. - exchanger PAT1 and gastric H-K-ATPase in stomach parietal cells. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2002, 283:G1207-G1216.
214. - exchanger pendrin in rat cortical collecting duct in metabolic acidosis. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2003, 284:F103-F112.
215. Picollo A., Pusch M. Chloride/proton antiporter activity of mammalian CLC proteins ClC-4 and ClC-5. Nature. 2005, 436:420-423.
216. - cotransporter from the squid giant fiber lobe. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2007, 292:C2032-C2045.
217. 3 transport in the proximal tubule. Am. J. Physiol. 1989, 256:F751-F765.
218. Preston G.M., Agre P. Isolation of the cDNA for erythrocyte integral membrane protein of 28 kilodaltons: member of an ancient channel family. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1991, 88:11110-11114.
219. Pushkin A., Abuladze N., Lee I., Newman D., Hwang J., Kurtz I. Cloning, Tissue Distribution, Genomic Organization, and Functional Characterization of NBC3, a New Member of the Sodium Bicarbonate Cotransporter Family. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274:16569-16575.
220. Pushkin A., Abuladze N., Newman D., Lee I., Xu G., Kurtz I. Cloning, characterization and chromosomal assignment of NBC4, a new member of the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter family. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2000, 1493:215-218.
221. Pushkin A., Abuladze N., Newman D., Lee I., Xu G., Kurtz I. Two C-terminal variants of NBC4, a new member of the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter family: cloning, characterization, and localization. IUBMB Life. 2000, 50:13-19.
222. 2-) transporters: classification, function, structure, genetic diseases, and knockout models. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2006, 290:F580-F599.
223. - exchanger pendrin in the rat kidney is regulated in response to chronic alterations in chloride balance. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2004, 287:F1179-F1188.
224. Rajagopalan L., et al. Essential helix interactions in the anion transporter domain of prestin revealed by evolutionary trace analysis. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:12727-12734.
225. Rajendran V.M., et al. Regulation of DRA and AE1 in rat colon by dietary Na depletion. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2000, 279:G931-G942.
226. Reardon W., CF O.M., Trembath R., Jan H., Phelps P.D. Enlarged vestibular aqueduct: a radiological marker of pendred syndrome, and mutation of the PDS gene. Qjm. 2000, 93:99-104.
227. Reardon W., et al. Prevalence, age of onset, and natural history of thyroid disease in Pendred syndrome. J. Med. Genet. 1999, 36:595-598.
228. Reithmeier R.A. Inhibition of anion transport in human red blood cells by 5,5'- dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1983, 732:122-125.
229. Rillema J.A., Hill M.A. Prolactin regulation of the pendrin-iodide transporter in the mammary gland. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2003, 284:E25-E28.
230. - cotransporters required for normal blood pressure homeostasis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2005, 102:16777-16782.
231. - Cotransporter, NBC. J. Pancreas 2001, 2:182-191.
232. 3 cotransporters: Expression cloning and physiology. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 1999, 61:699-723.
233. Romero M.F., et al. "Physiology of electrogenic SLC26 paralogs" In - Epithelial Anion Transport in Health and Disease: the role of the SLC26 transporters family. Novartis Found. Symp. 2006, 273:126-147.
234. - cotransporter from rat kidney. Am. J. Physiol. 1998, 274:F425-F432.
235. - transporters. Pflügers Arch. 2004, 447:495-509.
236. 3 cotransporter (NBC-1) from Ambystoma tigrinum. FASEB J. 1996, 10:A89.
237. - cotransporter. Nature 1997, 387:409-413.
238. + driven anion exchanger (NDAE1): a new bicarbonate transporter. J Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:24552-24559.
239. Romero, M.F. et al. (2009). Slc4 and Slc26 bicarbonate transporter function and localization in the eye. IVOS.
240. Rothstein A., Cabantchik Z.I., Knauf P. Mechanism of anion transport in red blood cells: role of membrane proteins. Fed. Proc. 1976, 35:3-10.
241. Rotman-Pikielny P., et al. Retention of pendrin in the endoplasmic reticulum is a major mechanism for Pendred syndrome. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2002, 11:2625-2633.
242. Royaux I.E., et al. Pendrin, encoded by the Pendred syndrome gene, resides in the apical region of renal intercalated cells and mediates bicarbonate secretion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001, 98:4221-4226.
243. Russell J.M., Boron W.F. Role of choloride transport in regulation of intracellular pH. Nature 1976, 264:73-74.
244. Rybalchenko V., Santos-Sacchi J. Anion control of voltage sensing by the motor protein prestin in outer hair cells. Biophys. J. 2008, 95:4439-4447.
245. (+)-ATPase in rat cortex by acute metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. Kidney Int. 1997, 51:125-137.
246. Sahr K.E., Taylor W.M., Daniels B.P., Rubin H.L., Jarolim P. The structure and organization of the human erythroid anion exchanger (AE1) gene. Genomics 1994, 24:491-501.
247. Saier M.H., et al. Phylogenetic characterization of novel transport protein families revealed by genome analyses. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1999, 1422:1-56.
248. (+)-coupled formate transport in rabbit renal microvillus membranes. Am. J. Physiol. 1996, 271:F401-F407.
249. Sander T., et al. Association of the 867Asp variant of the human anion exchanger 3 gene with common subtypes of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2002, 51:249-255.
250. Santos-Sacchi J., Song L., Zheng J., Nuttall A.L. Control of mammalian cochlear amplification by chloride anions. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:3992-3998.
251. Sassani P., et al. Functional characterization of NBC4: a new electrogenic sodium- bicarbonate cotransporter. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2002, 282:C408-C416.
252. Satoh H., Susaki M., Shukunami C., Iyama K., Negoro T., Hiraki Y. Functional analysis of diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter. Its involvement in growth regulation of chondrocytes mediated by sulfated proteoglycans. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:12307-12315.
253. Schaechinger T.J., Oliver D. Nonmammalian orthologs of prestin (SLC26A5) are electrogenic divalent/chloride anion exchangers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2007, 104:7693-7698.
254. Scheel O., Zdebik A.A., Lourdel S., Jentsch T.J. Voltage-dependent electrogenic chloride/proton exchange by endosomal CLC proteins. Nature 2005, 436:424-427.
255. Schneider H.P., Broer S., Broer A., Deitmer J.W. Heterologous expression of the glutamine transporter SNAT3 in Xenopus oocytes is associated with four modes of uncoupled transport. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282:3788-3798.
256. Schopfer L.M., Salhany J.M. Characterization of the stilbenedisulfonate binding site on band 3. Biochemistry. 1995, 34:8320-8329.
257. + exchanger. Nat. Genet. 1998, 19:282-285.
258. Schweinfest C.W., Henderson K.W., Suster S., Kondoh N., Papas T.S. Identification of a colon mucosa gene that is down-regulated in colon adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1993, 90:4166-4170.
259. Schweinfest C.W., et al. slc26a3 (dra)-deficient mice display chloride-losing diarrhea, enhanced colonic proliferation, and distinct up-regulation of ion transporters in the colon. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:37962-37971.
260. Schwoch G., Passow H. Preparation and properties of human erythrocyte ghosts. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 1973, 2:197-218.
261. Sciortino C.M. Characterization and localization of the sodium mediated bicarbonate transporters NBC and NDAE1. Physiology & Biophysics 2001, 252. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
262. +-driven Anion Exchanger Protein, NDAE1, from Drosophila melanogaster. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2001, 281:C449-C463.
263. - cotransporter, rkNBC, expressed in oocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 1999, 277:F611-F623.
264. Scott D.A., Karniski L.P. Human pendrin expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes mediates chloride/formate exchange. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2000, 278:C207-C211.
265. Scott D.A., et al. Functional differences of the PDS gene product are associated with phenotypic variation in patients with Pendred syndrome and non-syndromic hearing loss (DFNB4). Hum. Mol. Genet. 2000, 9:1709-1715.
266. Scott D.A., Wang R., Kreman T.M., Sheffield V.C., Karniski L.P. The Pendred syndrome gene encodes a chloride-iodide transport protein. Nat. Genet. 1999, 21:440-443.
267. Seidler U., et al. Sodium and chloride absorptive defects in the small intestine in Slc26a6 null mice. Pflugers Arch. 2008, 455:757-766.
268. Shayakul C., Alper S.L. Inherited renal tubular acidosis. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 2000, 9:541-546.
269. Shcheynikov N., et al. Regulatory interaction between CFTR and the SLC26 transporters. Novartis Found. Symp. 2006, 273:177-186. discussion 186-92, 261-4.
270. - Exchange by slc26a3 and slc26a6. J. Gen. Physiol. 2006, 127:511-524.
271. - secretion and in regulation of CFTR in the parotid duct. J. Physiol. 2008, 586:3813-3824.
272. Sheffield V.C., et al. Pendred syndrome maps to chromosome 7q21-34 and is caused by an intrinsic defect in thyroid iodine organification. Nat. Genet. 1996, 12:424-426.
273. Shelden M.C., Loughlin P., Tierney M.L., Howitt S.M. Proline residues in two tightly coupled helices of the sulphate transporter, SHST1, are important for sulphate transport. Biochem. J. 2001, 356:589-594.
274. Shibagaki N., Grossman A.R. The role of the STAS domain in the function and biogenesis of a sulfate transporter as probed by random mutagenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:22964-22973.
275. - cotransporter 1 (pNBC1). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2006, 103:9542-9547.
276. Silberg D.G., Wang W., Moseley R.H., Traber P.G. The Down regulated in Adenoma (dra) gene encodes an intestine-specific membrane sulfate transport protein. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270:11897-11902.
277. - exchanger in the upper villous epithelium of the murine duodenum. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007, 292:G1079-G1088.
278. Sindic A., Plata C., Sussman C.R., Chang M.-H., Romero M.F. Localization of Slc26a9 and role of the STAS domain. FASEB J. 2006, 20:a839.
279. Singh A.K., et al. Fructose-induced hypertension: Essential role of chloride and fructose absorbing transporters PAT1 and Glut5. Kidney Int. 2008, 74:438-447.
280. Singh R., Wangemann P. Free radical stress-mediated loss of Kcnj10 protein expression in stria vascularis contributes to deafness in Pendred syndrome mouse model. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2008, 294:F139-F148.
281. Sly W.S., Hu P.Y. Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1995, 64:375-401.
282. Snow J.W., Brandts J.F., Low P.S. The effects of anion transport inhibitors on structural transitions in erythrocyte membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1978, 512:579-591.
283. - exchanger in the kidney cortex. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2001, 280:F356-F364.
284. Songyang Z., et al. Recognition of unique carboxyl-terminal motifs by distinct PDZ domains. Science 1997, 275:73-77.
285. Sterling D., Brown N.J., Supuran C.T., Casey J.R. The functional and physical relationship between the DRA bicarbonate transporter and carbonic anhydrase II. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2002, 283:C1522-C1529.
286. Sterling D., Reithmeier R.A., Casey J.R. A transport metabolon. Functional interaction of carbonic anhydrase II and chloride/bicarbonate exchangers. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:47886-47894.
287. Stewart A.K., Chernova M.N., Shmukler B.E., Wilhelm S., Alper S.L. Regulation of AE2-mediated Cl(-) Transport by Intracellular or by Extracellular pH Requires Highly Conserved Amino Acid Residues of the AE2 NH(2)-terminal Cytoplasmic Domain. J. Gen. Physiol. 2002, 120:707-722.
288. Stewart A.K., Kerr N., Chernova M.N., Alper S.L., Vaughan-Jones R.D. Acute pH-dependent regulation of AE2-mediated anion exchange involves discrete local surfaces of the NH2-terminal cytoplasmic domain. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279:52664-52676.
289. Stuart-Tilley A., Sardet C., Pouyssegur J., Schwartz M.A., Brown D., Alper S.L. Immunolocalization of anion exchanger AE2 and cation exchanger NHE-1 in distinct adjacent cells of gastric mucosa. Am. J. Physiol. 1994, 266:C559-C568.
290. Stuart-Tilley A.K., Shmukler B.E., Brown D., Alper S.L. Immunolocalization and tissue-specific splicing of AE2 anion exchanger in mouse kidney. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1998, 9:946-959.
291. - cotransporter (NBC) in human corneal endothelium. Exp. Eye. Res. 2003, 77:287-295.
292. (2) cotransporter in bovine corneal endothelium. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2000, 279:C1648-C1655.
293. Superti-Furga A., et al. Achondrogenesis type IB is caused by mutations in the diastrophic dysplasia sulphate transporter gene. Nat. Genet. 1996, 12:100-102.
294. Tanner M.J., Boxer D.H. Separation and some properties of the major proteins of the human erythrocyte membrane. Biochem. J. 1972, 129:333-347.
295. Tanner M.J., Gray W.R. The isolation and functional identification of a protein from the human erythrocyte 'ghost'. Biochem. J. 1971, 125:1109-1117.
296. Tanphaichitr V.S., et al. Novel AE1 mutations in recessive distal renal tubular acidosis. Loss-of-function is rescued by glycophorin A. J. Clin. Invest. 1998, 102:2173-2179.
297. Tatishchev S., et al. Identification of Membrane Topography of the Electrogenic Sodium Bicarbonate Cotransporter pNBC1 by in Vitro Transcription/Translation. Biochemistry. 2003, 42:755-765.
298. Taylor J.P., Metcalfe R.A., Watson P.F., Weetman A.P., Trembath R.C. Mutations of the PDS gene, encoding pendrin, are associated with protein mislocalization and loss of iodide efflux: implications for thyroid dysfunction in Pendred syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 2002, 87:1778-1784.
299. Thomas R.C. The effect of carbon dioxide on the intracellular pH and buffering power of snail neurones. J. Physiol. (Lond) 1976, 255:715-735.
300. + pump in a snail neurone. Nature 1976, 262:54-55.
301. Thomas R.C. The role of bicarbonate, chloride and sodium ions in the regulation of intracellular pH in snail neurones. J. Physiol. (Lond) 1977, 273:317-338.
302. Toure, A. et al. (2007). The Testis Anion Transporter 1 (Slc26a8) is required for sperm terminal differentiation and male fertility in the mouse. Hum. Mol. Genet.
303. Toure A., Morin L., Pineau C., Becq F., Dorseuil O., Gacon G. Tat1, a novel sulfate transporter specifically expressed in human male germ cells and potentially linked to rhogtpase signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:20309-20315.
304. - transporter superfamily is an apical anion exchanger of β -intercalated cells in the kidney. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:8180-8189.
305. 3 exchanger of beta intercalated cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1993, 268:11283-11289.
306. Verlander J.W., et al. Deoxycorticosterone upregulates PDS (Slc26a4) in mouse kidney: role of pendrin in mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension. Hypertension 2003, 42:356-362.
307. Verlander J.W., et al. Dietary Cl(-) restriction upregulates pendrin expression within the apical plasma membrane of type B intercalated cells. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2006, 291:F833-F839.
308. - exchanger. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:28430-28437.
309. Vincourt J.B., Jullien D., Amalric F., Girard J.P. Molecular and functional characterization of SLC26A11, a sodium-independent sulfate transporter from high endothelial venules. Faseb J. 2003, 17:890-892.
310. 3 exchanger from squid giant fiber lobe. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2003, 285:C771-C780.
311. 3 cotransporter (NBCe2). Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2002, 282:C1278-C1289.
312. - cotransporter rkNBC1 immunolocalized in rat eye. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2003, 986:646-648.
313. -/anion exchanger pendrin in mouse kidney by acid-base status. Kidney Int. 2002, 62:2109-2117.
314. 3 exchanger couples with Na/H exchanger 3 for NaCl absorption in murine small intestine. Gastroenterology 2008, 135:1645-1653. e3.
315. Wall S.M., et al. Localization of pendrin in mouse kidney. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2003, 284:F229-F241.
316. - Exchanger. Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional characterization. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:35486-35490.
317. - secretion: relevance to cystic fibrosis. Embo J. 2006, 25:5049-5057.
318. - cotransporter isoform NBC-3 (kNBC-3): Cloning, expression, and renal distribution. Kidney Int. 2001, 59:1405-1414.
319. - exchanger in the small intestine. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2002, 282:G573-G579.
320. Wang Z., et al. Renal and intestinal transport defects in Slc26a6-null mice. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2005, 288:C957-C965.
321. 2+ reabsorption in a Pendred syndrome mouse model. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2007, 292:F1345-F1353.
322. Wedenoja S., et al. The impact of sodium chloride and volume depletion in the chronic kidney disease of congenital chloride diarrhea. Kidney Int. 2008, 74:1085-1093.
323. Weise A., Becker H.M., Deitmer J.W. Enzymatic suppression of the membrane conductance associated with the glutamine transporter SNAT3 expressed in Xenopus oocytes by carbonic anhydrase II. J. Gen. Physiol. 2007, 130:203-215.
324. Wendel C., Becker H.M., Deitmer J.W. The sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 supports glutamine efflux via SNAT3 (SLC38A3) co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Pflugers Arch. 2008, 455:885-893.
325. Wilson F.H., et al. Human hypertension caused by mutations in WNK kinases. Science 2001, 293:1107-1112.
326. Wood P.G., Muller H., Sovak M., Passow H. Role of Lys 558 and Lys 869 in substrate and inhibitor binding to the murine band 3 protein: a study of the effects of site-directed mutagenesis of the band 3 protein expressed in the oocytes of Xenopus laevis. J. Membr. Biol. 1992, 127:139-148.
327. Xie Q., Welch R., Mercado A., Romero M.F., Mount D.B. Molecular and functional characterization of the Slc26A6 anion exchanger, functional comparison to Slc26a1. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2002, 283:F826-F838.
328. Xu J., et al. Deletion of the chloride transporter Slc26a9 causes loss of tubulovesicles in parietal cells and impairs acid secretion in the stomach. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2008, 105:17955-17960.
329. - cotransporter NBC4 in rat kidney and characterization of a novel NBC4 variant. Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol 2003, 284:F41-F50.
330. Yang H., et al. Intestinal inflammation reduces expression of DRA, a transporter responsible for congenital chloride diarrhea. Am. J. Physiol. 1998, 275:G1445-G1453.
331. Yannoukakos D., Stuart-Tilley A., Fernandez H.A., Fey P., Duyk G., Alper S.L. Molecular cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of two isoforms of the AE3 anion exchanger from human heart. Circ. Res. 1994, 75:603-614.
332. Yawata Y. Introduction: History of Red Cell Membrane Research. Cell Membrane: The Red Blood Cell as a Model 2003, 1-25. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, Weinheim. Y. Yawata (Ed.).
333. Yoon J.S., et al. Heterogeneity in the processing defect of SLC26A4 mutants. J. Med. Genet. 2008, 45:411-419.
334. Young M.T., Beckmann R., Toye A.M., Tanner M.J. Red-cell glycophorin A-band 3 interactions associated with the movement of band 3 to the cell surface. Biochem. J. 2000, 350(Pt 1):53-60.
335. Yu N., Zhu M.L., Zhao H.B. Prestin is expressed on the whole outer hair cell basolateral surface. Brain Res. 2006, 1095:51-88.
336. Zhang D., Kiyatkin A., Bolin J.T., Low P.S. Crystallographic structure and functional interpretation of the cytoplasmic domain of erythrocyte membrane band 3. Blood 2000, 96:2925-2933.
337. Zheng J., et al. Analysis of the oligomeric structure of the motor protein prestin. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:19916-19924.
338. Zheng J., Long K.B., Matsuda K.B., Madison L.D., Ryan A.D., Dallos P.D. Genomic characterization and expression of mouse prestin, the motor protein of outer hair cells. Mamm. Genome. 2003, 14:87-96.
339. Zheng J., Long K.B., Shen W., Madison L.D., Dallos P. Prestin topology: localization of protein epitopes in relation to the plasma membrane. Neuroreport 2001, 12:1929-1935.
340. Zheng J., Shen W., He D.Z., Long K.B., Madison L.D., Dallos P. Prestin is the motor protein of cochlear outer hair cells. Nature 2000, 405:149-155.
341. Zhu Q., Lee D.W., Casey J.R. Novel topology in C-terminal region of the human plasma membrane anion exchanger, AE1. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:3112-3120.