메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 48, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 574-594

Cancer cachexia - Pathophysiology and management

Author keywords

Anorexia; Cachexia; Cytokine; Palliative care; Skeletal muscle

Indexed keywords

ANABOLIC AGENT; BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACID; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CANNABINOID DERIVATIVE; CARNITINE; CISPLATIN; CYPROHEPTADINE; CYTOKINE INHIBITOR; GAMMA INTERFERON ANTIBODY; GHRELIN; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 1 ANTIBODY; INTERLEUKIN 6 ANTIBODY; LEPTIN; MYOSTATIN; NEUROPEPTIDE Y; NITROGEN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PROTEASOME; PROTEIN INHIBITOR; SEROTONIN ANTAGONIST; SOMATOMEDIN C; STEROID; THALIDOMIDE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA ANTIBODY; UBIQUITIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 84878110577     PISSN: 09441174     EISSN: 14355922     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0787-0     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (215)

References (212)
  • 1
    • 0032558725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals
    • 9796811 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmvFOmsL0%3D 10.1038/27376
    • Friedman JM, Halaas JL. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature. 1998;395(6704):763-70.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , Issue.6704 , pp. 763-770
    • Friedman, J.M.1    Halaas, J.L.2
  • 2
    • 0032548825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and the hypothalamus: Novel peptides for new pathways
    • 9491885 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhsVKnsLY%3D 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80937-X
    • Flier JS, Maratos-Flier E. Obesity and the hypothalamus: novel peptides for new pathways. Cell. 1998;92(4):437-40.
    • (1998) Cell , vol.92 , Issue.4 , pp. 437-440
    • Flier, J.S.1    Maratos-Flier, E.2
  • 3
    • 0026670206 scopus 로고
    • Insulin in the brain: A hormonal regulator of energy balance
    • 1425482 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XmtVGhtbs%3D
    • Schwartz MW, Figlewicz DP, Baskin DG, Woods SC, Porte D. Insulin in the brain: a hormonal regulator of energy balance. Endocr Rev. 1992;13(3):387-414.
    • (1992) Endocr Rev , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 387-414
    • Schwartz, M.W.1    Figlewicz, D.P.2    Baskin, D.G.3    Woods, S.C.4    Porte, D.5
  • 4
    • 0033082426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding and body-weight regulation by hypothalamic neuropeptides - Mediation of the actions of leptin
    • 10092045 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhtVCrtLc%3D 10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01292-2
    • Inui A. Feeding and body-weight regulation by hypothalamic neuropeptides - mediation of the actions of leptin. Trends Neurosci. 1999;22(2):62-7.
    • (1999) Trends Neurosci , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 62-67
    • Inui, A.1
  • 5
    • 0033567912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: Are neuropeptides the key?
    • 10493494 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmtVKksL8%3D
    • Inui A. Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: are neuropeptides the key? Cancer Res. 1999;59(18):4493-501.
    • (1999) Cancer Res , vol.59 , Issue.18 , pp. 4493-4501
    • Inui, A.1
  • 6
    • 77954919923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced ghrelin secretion in the hypothalamus of rats due to cisplatin-induced anorexia
    • Yakabi K, Sadakane C, Noguchi M, Ohno S, Ro S, Chinen K, et al. Reduced ghrelin secretion in the hypothalamus of rats due to cisplatin-induced anorexia. Endocrinology [Internet]. 2010;151(8):3773-82. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20534732.
    • (2010) Endocrinology [Internet] , vol.151 , Issue.8 , pp. 3773-3782
    • Yakabi, K.1    Sadakane, C.2    Noguchi, M.3    Ohno, S.4    Ro, S.5    Chinen, K.6
  • 7
    • 13144258739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentrations in the hippocampus, the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata related to cisplatin-induced pica of rats
    • 15686111
    • Liu Y, Hamaue N, Endo T, Hirafuji M, Minami M. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentrations in the hippocampus, the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata related to cisplatin-induced pica of rats. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 2003;113-114:97-113.
    • (2003) Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol , vol.113-114 , pp. 97-113
    • Liu, Y.1    Hamaue, N.2    Endo, T.3    Hirafuji, M.4    Minami, M.5
  • 8
    • 0034000526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of selected serotonin 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor agonists on feeding behavior: Possible mechanisms of action
    • De Vry J, Schreiber R. Effects of selected serotonin 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor agonists on feeding behavior: possible mechanisms of action. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews [Internet]. 2000;24(3):341-53. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0149763499000834.
    • (2000) Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews [Internet] , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 341-353
    • De Vry, J.1    Schreiber, R.2
  • 9
    • 0034536796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of serotonin(1/2) receptor agonists on dark-phase food and water intake in rats
    • 11124393 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXovFKjsL0%3D 10.1016/S0091-3057(00)00357-9
    • Schreiber R, Selbach K, Asmussen M, Hesse D, De Vry J. Effects of serotonin(1/2) receptor agonists on dark-phase food and water intake in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2000;67(2):291-305.
    • (2000) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.67 , Issue.2 , pp. 291-305
    • Schreiber, R.1    Selbach, K.2    Asmussen, M.3    Hesse, D.4    De Vry, J.5
  • 11
    • 44649158443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rikkunshito, an herbal medicine, suppresses cisplatin-induced anorexia in rats via 5-HT2 receptor antagonism
    • 18439428 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.02.078
    • Takeda H, Sadakane C, Hattori T, Katsurada T, Ohkawara T, Nagai K, et al. Rikkunshito, an herbal medicine, suppresses cisplatin-induced anorexia in rats via 5-HT2 receptor antagonism. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(7):2004-13.
    • (2008) Gastroenterology , vol.134 , Issue.7 , pp. 2004-2013
    • Takeda, H.1    Sadakane, C.2    Hattori, T.3    Katsurada, T.4    Ohkawara, T.5    Nagai, K.6
  • 12
    • 0031862231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticytokine approaches to the treatment of anorexia and cachexia
    • 9625384 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXktVCmu7k%3D
    • Haslett PA. Anticytokine approaches to the treatment of anorexia and cachexia. Semin Oncol. 1998;25(2 Suppl 6):53-7.
    • (1998) Semin Oncol , vol.25 , Issue.2 SUPPL. 6 , pp. 53-57
    • Haslett, P.A.1
  • 13
    • 0031835510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine activity in cancer-related anorexia/cachexia: Role of megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate
    • 9625383 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXktVCmu7g%3D
    • Mantovani G, Maccio A, Lai P, Massa E. Cytokine activity in cancer-related anorexia/cachexia: role of megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Semin Oncol. 1998;25:45-52.
    • (1998) Semin Oncol , vol.25 , pp. 45-52
    • Mantovani, G.1    Maccio, A.2    Lai, P.3    Massa, E.4
  • 14
    • 0031456504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural-immune interactions in health and disease
    • 9389725 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXotValur4%3D 10.1172/JCI119807
    • Sternberg EM. Neural-immune interactions in health and disease. J Clin Invest. 1997;100(11):2641-7.
    • (1997) J Clin Invest , vol.100 , Issue.11 , pp. 2641-2647
    • Sternberg, E.M.1
  • 15
    • 0031465398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways and mechanisms for cytokine signaling of the central nervous system
    • Licinio J, Wong ML. Pathways and mechanisms for cytokine signaling of the central nervous system. J Clin Invest. 1997;100(12):2941-7.
    • (1997) J Clin Invest. , vol.100 , Issue.12 , pp. 2941-2947
    • Licinio, J.1    Wong, M.L.2
  • 16
    • 0028800715 scopus 로고
    • Cytokines and the nervous system. I: Expression and recognition
    • 7537419 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjtlGiu70%3D 10.1016/0166-2236(95)93881-W
    • Hopkins SJ, Rothwell NJ. Cytokines and the nervous system. I: expression and recognition. Trends Neurosci. 1995;18(2):83-8.
    • (1995) Trends Neurosci , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 83-88
    • Hopkins, S.J.1    Rothwell, N.J.2
  • 17
    • 0028869476 scopus 로고
    • Cytokines and the nervous system II: Actions and mechanisms of action
    • 7754524 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXktV2rtbg%3D 10.1016/0166-2236(95)93890-A
    • Rothwell NJ, Hopkins SJ. Cytokines and the nervous system II: actions and mechanisms of action. Trends Neurosci. 1995;18(3):130-6.
    • (1995) Trends Neurosci , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 130-136
    • Rothwell, N.J.1    Hopkins, S.J.2
  • 18
    • 0030665384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biology of cachexia
    • 9392617 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2Flt1Gisg%3D%3D 10.1093/jnci/89.23.1763
    • Tisdale M. Biology of cachexia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89:1763-73.
    • (1997) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.89 , pp. 1763-1773
    • Tisdale, M.1
  • 19
    • 0025903428 scopus 로고
    • Immunoregulators in the nervous system
    • 1852312 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80001-6
    • Plata-Salamán CR. Immunoregulators in the nervous system. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1991;15(2):185-215.
    • (1991) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-215
    • Plata-Salamán, C.R.1
  • 20
    • 0030013783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anorexia during acute and chronic disease
    • 8724375 10.1016/S0899-9007(96)90702-9
    • Plata-Salamán CR. Anorexia during acute and chronic disease. Nutrition. 1996;12(2):69-78.
    • (1996) Nutrition , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 69-78
    • Plata-Salamán, C.R.1
  • 21
    • 0031004362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proinflammatory cytokines, nutritional support, and the cachexia syndrome: Interactions and therapeutic options
    • 9129003 1:STN:280:DyaK2s3nsFWjuw%3D%3D 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970501) 79:9<1828: AID-CNCR28>3.0.CO;2-Z
    • Moldawer LL, Copeland EM. Proinflammatory cytokines, nutritional support, and the cachexia syndrome: interactions and therapeutic options. Cancer. 1997;79(9):1828-39.
    • (1997) Cancer , vol.79 , Issue.9 , pp. 1828-1839
    • Moldawer, L.L.1    Copeland, E.M.2
  • 22
  • 23
    • 0026470961 scopus 로고
    • The role of cytokines in cancer cachexia
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7msVersQ%3D%3D 10.1177/014860719201600602
    • Moldawer LL, Rogy MA, Lowry SF. The role of cytokines in cancer cachexia. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1992;16(6 Suppl):43S-9S.
    • (1992) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.16 , Issue.6 SUPPL.
    • Moldawer, L.L.1    Rogy, M.A.2    Lowry, S.F.3
  • 25
    • 0030868324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines and cachexia
    • 9290087 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmt1SrsL0%3D 10.1016/S0899-9007(97)00185-8
    • Matthys P, Billiau A. Cytokines and cachexia. Nutrition. 1997;13(9):763-70.
    • (1997) Nutrition , vol.13 , Issue.9 , pp. 763-770
    • Matthys, P.1    Billiau, A.2
  • 26
    • 0026022698 scopus 로고
    • Role of endogenous tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1 for experimental tumor growth and the development of cancer cachexia
    • 1703040 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXpvFKqtg%3D%3D
    • Gelin J, Moldawer L, Lönnroth C, Sherry B. Role of endogenous tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1 for experimental tumor growth and the development of cancer cachexia. Cancer Res. 1991;51:415-21.
    • (1991) Cancer Res , vol.51 , pp. 415-421
    • Gelin, J.1    Moldawer, L.2    Lönnroth, C.3    Sherry, B.4
  • 27
    • 0032867672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of recombinant human soluble TNF receptor in anorectic tumor-bearing rats
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmt1Gisrc%3D
    • Torelli G, Meguid M. Use of recombinant human soluble TNF receptor in anorectic tumor-bearing rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 1999;277:R850-5.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.277
    • Torelli, G.1    Meguid, M.2
  • 28
    • 0028033825 scopus 로고
    • Megestrol acetate stimulates food and water intake in the rat: Effects on regional hypothalamic neuropeptide y concentrations
    • 7883035 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmvFeis7g%3D 10.1016/0014-2999(94)90229-1
    • McCarthy HD, Crowder RE, Dryden S, Williams G. Megestrol acetate stimulates food and water intake in the rat: effects on regional hypothalamic neuropeptide Y concentrations. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994;265(1-2):99-102.
    • (1994) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.265 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 99-102
    • McCarthy, H.D.1    Crowder, R.E.2    Dryden, S.3    Williams, G.4
  • 29
    • 34548089185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of Central Melanocortin Signaling by Interleukin-1β
    • 17525125 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXpslCntLo%3D 10.1210/en.2007-0017
    • Scarlett JM, Jobst EE, Enriori PJ, Bowe DD, Batra AK, Grant WF, et al. Regulation of Central Melanocortin Signaling by Interleukin-1β. Endocrinology. 2007;148(9):4217-25.
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , Issue.9 , pp. 4217-4225
    • Scarlett, J.M.1    Jobst, E.E.2    Enriori, P.J.3    Bowe, D.D.4    Batra, A.K.5    Grant, W.F.6
  • 30
    • 79958137426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle wasting in cachexia and sarcopenia: Molecular pathophysiology and impact of exercise training
    • 10.1007/s13539-010-0007-1
    • Lenk K, Schuler G, Adams V. Skeletal muscle wasting in cachexia and sarcopenia: molecular pathophysiology and impact of exercise training. J Cachex Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010;1(1):9-21.
    • (2010) J Cachex Sarcopenia Muscle , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-21
    • Lenk, K.1    Schuler, G.2    Adams, V.3
  • 31
    • 0032863110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expression of genes in the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway is increased in skeletal muscle from patients with cancer
    • 10.1016/S0039-6060(99)70131-5
    • Williams A, Sun X, Fischer J. The expression of genes in the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway is increased in skeletal muscle from patients with cancer. Surgery. 1999;1999(126):744-9.
    • (1999) Surgery , vol.1999 , Issue.126 , pp. 744-749
    • Williams, A.1    Sun, X.2    Fischer, J.3
  • 32
    • 0032566134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of TNF receptor 1 in protein turnover during cancer cachexia using gene knockout mice
    • 9783914 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkvFOksLg%3D 10.1016/S0303-7207(98)00105-1
    • Llovera M, García-Martínez C, López-Soriano J, Carbó N, Agell N, López-Soriano FJ, et al. Role of TNF receptor 1 in protein turnover during cancer cachexia using gene knockout mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1998;142(1-2):183-9.
    • (1998) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.142 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 183-189
    • Llovera, M.1    García-Martínez, C.2    López-Soriano, J.3    Carbó, N.4    Agell, N.5    López-Soriano, F.J.6
  • 33
    • 0028942641 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial contractile dysfunction in the systematic inflammatory response syndrome: Role of a cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes
    • 10.1016/S0022-2828(08)80015-6
    • Ungureanu-Longrois D, Balligand J. Myocardial contractile dysfunction in the systematic inflammatory response syndrome: role of a cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1995;1995(27):155-67.
    • (1995) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.1995 , Issue.27 , pp. 155-167
    • Ungureanu-Longrois, D.1    Balligand, J.2
  • 34
    • 0024365383 scopus 로고
    • Anticachectin/tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies attenuate development of cachexia in tumor models
    • 2721856 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXktlOksbw%3D
    • Sherry B, Gelin J, Fong Y, Marano M, Wei H. Anticachectin/tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies attenuate development of cachexia in tumor models. FASEB J. 1989;3:1956-62.
    • (1989) FASEB J , vol.3 , pp. 1956-1962
    • Sherry, B.1    Gelin, J.2    Fong, Y.3    Marano, M.4    Wei, H.5
  • 35
    • 0142250392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody therapy for cancer
    • 14581334 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXosVGjsrw%3D
    • Trikha M, Corringham R, Klein B. Targeted anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody therapy for cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9:4653-65.
    • (2003) Clin Cancer Res , vol.9 , pp. 4653-4665
    • Trikha, M.1    Corringham, R.2    Klein, B.3
  • 36
    • 0033545342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation
    • 9971870 1:STN:280:DyaK1M7it1KhtA%3D%3D 10.1056/NEJM199902113400607
    • Gabay C, Kushner I. Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(6):448-54.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , Issue.6 , pp. 448-454
    • Gabay, C.1    Kushner, I.2
  • 37
    • 0028933898 scopus 로고
    • Acute-phase protein response and survival duration of patients with pancreatic cancer
    • 7535184 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3htFOjug%3D%3D 10.1002/1097-0142(19950415)75: 8<2077: AID-CNCR2820750808>3.0.CO;2-9
    • Falconer JS, Fearon KC, Ross JA, Elton R, Wigmore SJ, Garden OJ, et al. Acute-phase protein response and survival duration of patients with pancreatic cancer. Cancer. 1995;75(8):2077-82.
    • (1995) Cancer , vol.75 , Issue.8 , pp. 2077-2082
    • Falconer, J.S.1    Fearon, K.C.2    Ross, J.A.3    Elton, R.4    Wigmore, S.J.5    Garden, O.J.6
  • 38
    • 0028348894 scopus 로고
    • Cytokines, the acute-phase response, and resting energy expenditure in cachectic patients with pancreatic cancer
    • 7512810 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3htlGnsA%3D%3D 10.1097/00000658-199404000-00001
    • Falconer JS, Fearon KC, Plester CE, Ross JA, Carter DC. Cytokines, the acute-phase response, and resting energy expenditure in cachectic patients with pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg. 1994;219(4):325-31.
    • (1994) Ann Surg , vol.219 , Issue.4 , pp. 325-331
    • Falconer, J.S.1    Fearon, K.C.2    Plester, C.E.3    Ross, J.A.4    Carter, D.C.5
  • 39
    • 0033839503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic factors in advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients with weight loss
    • 10.1207/S15327914NC3701-4
    • O'Gorman P, McMillan DC, McArdle CS. Prognostic factors in advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients with weight loss. Nutr Cancer. 1999;37(1):36-40.
    • (1999) Nutr Cancer , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-40
    • O'Gorman, P.1    McMillan, D.C.2    McArdle, C.S.3
  • 40
    • 49549097136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inflammation-based prognostic score and its role in the nutrition-based management of patients with cancer
    • 18452641 10.1017/S0029665108007131
    • McMillan DC. An inflammation-based prognostic score and its role in the nutrition-based management of patients with cancer. Proc Nutr Soc. 2008;67(03):257-62.
    • (2008) Proc Nutr Soc , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. 257-262
    • McMillan, D.C.1
  • 41
    • 65549146877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic inflammation, nutritional status and survival in patients with cancer
    • 19318937 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32832a7902
    • McMillan DC. Systemic inflammation, nutritional status and survival in patients with cancer. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009;12(3):223-6.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 223-226
    • McMillan, D.C.1
  • 42
    • 39749127119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein and all-cause mortality in a large hospital-based cohort
    • 18156283 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhs1Cmu7o%3D 10.1373/clinchem.2007.091959
    • Marsik C, Kazemi-Shirazi L, Schickbauer T, Winkler S, Joukhadar C, Wagner OF, et al. C-reactive protein and all-cause mortality in a large hospital-based cohort. Clin Chem. 2008;54(2):343-9.
    • (2008) Clin Chem , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 343-349
    • Marsik, C.1    Kazemi-Shirazi, L.2    Schickbauer, T.3    Winkler, S.4    Joukhadar, C.5    Wagner, O.F.6
  • 43
    • 0038359755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the impact of weight loss and the systemic inflammatory response on quality of life in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer
    • 12781428 10.1016/S0169-5002(03)00077-1
    • Scott HR, McMillan DC, Brown DJF, Forrest LM, McArdle CS, Milroy R. A prospective study of the impact of weight loss and the systemic inflammatory response on quality of life in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2003;40(3):295-9.
    • (2003) Lung Cancer , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 295-299
    • Scott, H.R.1    McMillan, D.C.2    Brown, D.J.F.3    Forrest, L.M.4    McArdle, C.S.5    Milroy, R.6
  • 44
    • 58149215987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of systemic inflammation, dietary intake and stage of disease on rate of weight loss in patients with gastro-oesophageal cancer
    • 19127266 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjt1Siug%3D%3D 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604828
    • Deans D, Tan B, Wigmore S, Ross J, de Beaux A, Paterson-Brown S, et al. The influence of systemic inflammation, dietary intake and stage of disease on rate of weight loss in patients with gastro-oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2009;100(1):63-9.
    • (2009) Br J Cancer , vol.100 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-69
    • Deans, D.1    Tan, B.2    Wigmore, S.3    Ross, J.4    De Beaux, A.5    Paterson-Brown, S.6
  • 45
    • 67649982995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of Cancer Cachexia
    • 19342610 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXkvFegu74%3D 10.1152/physrev.00016.2008
    • Tisdale MJ. Mechanisms of Cancer Cachexia. Physiol Rev. 2009;89(2):381-410.
    • (2009) Physiol Rev , vol.89 , Issue.2 , pp. 381-410
    • Tisdale, M.J.1
  • 46
    • 84878106160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biology of cancer cachexia and the role of TNF-α
    • Caligiuri MA, Lotze MT, editors Totowa, NJ: Humana Press
    • Guttridge DC. The biology of cancer cachexia and the role of TNF-α. In: Caligiuri MA, Lotze MT, editors. Cytokines in the genesis and treatment of cancer. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2007. p. 285-303.
    • (2007) Cytokines in the Genesis and Treatment of Cancer , pp. 285-303
    • Guttridge, D.C.1
  • 47
    • 20344406240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in metazoans: Cell survival in the land of plenty
    • 15928708 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXks1Gmtb0%3D 10.1038/nrm1660
    • Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB. Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2005;6(6):439-48.
    • (2005) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 439-448
    • Lum, J.J.1    Deberardinis, R.J.2    Thompson, C.B.3
  • 48
    • 11144356337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy
    • 15109499 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjvFemtrs%3D 10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00400-3
    • Sandri M, Sandri C, Gilbert A, Skurk C, Calabria E, Picard A, et al. Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy. Cell. 2004;117(3):399-412.
    • (2004) Cell , vol.117 , Issue.3 , pp. 399-412
    • Sandri, M.1    Sandri, C.2    Gilbert, A.3    Skurk, C.4    Calabria, E.5    Picard, A.6
  • 49
    • 36448940798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FoxO3 controls autophagy in skeletal muscle in vivo
    • 18054315 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVektb%2FN 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.11.001
    • Mammucari C, Milan G, Romanello V, Masiero E, Rudolf R, Del Piccolo P, et al. FoxO3 controls autophagy in skeletal muscle in vivo. Cell Metab. 2007;6(6):458-71.
    • (2007) Cell Metab , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 458-471
    • Mammucari, C.1    Milan, G.2    Romanello, V.3    Masiero, E.4    Rudolf, R.5    Del Piccolo, P.6
  • 50
    • 73949088946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ros-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and Foxo during muscle disuse
    • 19813194 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1OgurY%3D 10.1002/mus.21526
    • Dodd SL, Gagnon BJ, Senf SM, Hain BA, Judge AR. Ros-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and Foxo during muscle disuse. Muscle Nerve. 2010;41(1):110-3.
    • (2010) Muscle Nerve , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 110-113
    • Dodd, S.L.1    Gagnon, B.J.2    Senf, S.M.3    Hain, B.A.4    Judge, A.R.5
  • 51
    • 0034934948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in skeletal muscle in vivo and murine myoblasts in vitro by a proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF)
    • 11461093 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtVKhtbw%3D 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1879
    • Lorite MJ, Smith HJ, Arnold JA, Morris A, Thompson MG, Tisdale MJ. Activation of ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in skeletal muscle in vivo and murine myoblasts in vitro by a proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF). Br J Cancer. 2001;85(2):297-302.
    • (2001) Br J Cancer , vol.85 , Issue.2 , pp. 297-302
    • Lorite, M.J.1    Smith, H.J.2    Arnold, J.A.3    Morris, A.4    Thompson, M.G.5    Tisdale, M.J.6
  • 52
    • 33750825245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PGC-1alpha protects skeletal muscle from atrophy by suppressing FoxO3 action and atrophy-specific gene transcription
    • 17053067 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1WmsL3L 10.1073/pnas.0607795103
    • Sandri M, Lin J, Handschin C, Yang W, Arany ZP, Lecker SH, et al. PGC-1alpha protects skeletal muscle from atrophy by suppressing FoxO3 action and atrophy-specific gene transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103(44):16260-5.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , Issue.44 , pp. 16260-16265
    • Sandri, M.1    Lin, J.2    Handschin, C.3    Yang, W.4    Arany, Z.P.5    Lecker, S.H.6
  • 53
    • 0037318822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signalling pathways that mediate skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy
    • 12563267 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXot12rtw%3D%3D 10.1038/ncb0203-87
    • Glass DJ. Signalling pathways that mediate skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy. Nat Cell Biol. 2003;5(2):87-90.
    • (2003) Nat Cell Biol , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 87-90
    • Glass, D.J.1
  • 54
    • 9244247879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling pathways weigh in on decisions to make or break skeletal muscle
    • 15192448 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmsVShsbg%3D 10.1097/01.mco.0000134364.61406. 26
    • Guttridge DC. Signaling pathways weigh in on decisions to make or break skeletal muscle. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2004;7(4):443-50.
    • (2004) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 443-450
    • Guttridge, D.C.1
  • 55
    • 35148822373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of branched-chain amino acids on muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia
    • 17623010 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVejt73E 10.1042/BJ20070651
    • Eley HL, Russell ST, Tisdale MJ. Effect of branched-chain amino acids on muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. Biochem J. 2007;407(1):113-20.
    • (2007) Biochem J , vol.407 , Issue.1 , pp. 113-120
    • Eley, H.L.1    Russell, S.T.2    Tisdale, M.J.3
  • 58
    • 69249211187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deacetylase inhibitors modulate the myostatin/follistatin axis without improving cachexia in tumor-bearing mice
    • 19508174 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFehtb7M 10.2174/156800909789057015
    • Bonetto A, Penna F, Minero VG, Reffo P, Bonelli G, Baccino FM, et al. Deacetylase inhibitors modulate the myostatin/follistatin axis without improving cachexia in tumor-bearing mice. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2009;9(5):608-16.
    • (2009) Curr Cancer Drug Targets , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 608-616
    • Bonetto, A.1    Penna, F.2    Minero, V.G.3    Reffo, P.4    Bonelli, G.5    Baccino, F.M.6
  • 59
    • 0034643248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA fragmentation occurs in skeletal muscle during tumor growth: A link with cancer cachexia?
    • 10753659 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2462 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXit1CqurY%3D
    • van Royen M, Carbó N, Busquets S, Alvarez B, Quinn LS, López-Soriano FJ, et al. DNA fragmentation occurs in skeletal muscle during tumor growth: a link with cancer cachexia? Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000;270(2):533-7.
    • (2000) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.270 , Issue.2 , pp. 533-537
    • Van Royen, M.1    Carbó, N.2    Busquets, S.3    Alvarez, B.4    Quinn, L.S.5    López-Soriano, F.J.6
  • 60
    • 0035917619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cleavage of caspases-1, -3, -6, -8 and -9 substrates by proteases in skeletal muscles from mice undergoing cancer cachexia
    • 11308266 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1700
    • Belizário JE, Lorite MJ, Tisdale MJ. Cleavage of caspases-1, -3, -6, -8 and -9 substrates by proteases in skeletal muscles from mice undergoing cancer cachexia. Br J Cancer. 2001;84(8):1135-40.
    • (2001) Br J Cancer , vol.84 , Issue.8 , pp. 1135-1140
    • Belizário, J.E.1    Lorite, M.J.2    Tisdale, M.J.3
  • 62
    • 58149471229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down-regulation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in response to myostatin overexpression in skeletal muscle
    • 18801898 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmt1artQ%3D%3D 10.1210/en.2008-0959
    • Amirouche A, Durieux A-C, Banzet S, Koulmann N, Bonnefoy R, Mouret C, et al. Down-regulation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in response to myostatin overexpression in skeletal muscle. Endocrinology. 2009;150(1):286-94.
    • (2009) Endocrinology , vol.150 , Issue.1 , pp. 286-294
    • Amirouche, A.1    Durieux, A.-C.2    Banzet, S.3    Koulmann, N.4    Bonnefoy, R.5    Mouret, C.6
  • 64
    • 0032532206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of transforming growth factor-beta-induced apoptosis through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathway
    • 9788439 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnt1GltrY%3D 10.1038/sj.onc.1202111
    • Chen RH, Su YH, Chuang RL, Chang TY. Suppression of transforming growth factor-beta-induced apoptosis through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathway. Oncogene. 1998;17(15):1959-68.
    • (1998) Oncogene , vol.17 , Issue.15 , pp. 1959-1968
    • Chen, R.H.1    Su, Y.H.2    Chuang, R.L.3    Chang, T.Y.4
  • 65
    • 0035736260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt/mTOR pathway is a crucial regulator of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and can prevent muscle atrophy in vivo
    • 11715023 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXosVCjsrk%3D 10.1038/ncb1101-1014
    • Bodine SC, Stitt TN, Gonzalez M, Kline WO, Stover GL, Bauerlein R, et al. Akt/mTOR pathway is a crucial regulator of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and can prevent muscle atrophy in vivo. Nat Cell Biol. 2001;3(11):1014-9.
    • (2001) Nat Cell Biol , vol.3 , Issue.11 , pp. 1014-1019
    • Bodine, S.C.1    Stitt, T.N.2    Gonzalez, M.3    Kline, W.O.4    Stover, G.L.5    Bauerlein, R.6
  • 66
    • 14944381279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging role of Akt kinase/protein kinase B signaling in pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications
    • 15717836
    • Zdychová J, Komers R. Emerging role of Akt kinase/protein kinase B signaling in pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications. Physiol Res. 2005;54(1):1-16.
    • (2005) Physiol Res , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-16
    • Zdychová, J.1    Komers, R.2
  • 67
    • 0029890224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II causes weight loss and decreases circulating insulin-like growth factor i in rats through a pressor-independent mechanism
    • 8647943 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjsFKjs7k%3D 10.1172/JCI118698
    • Brink M, Wellen J, Delafontaine P. Angiotensin II causes weight loss and decreases circulating insulin-like growth factor I in rats through a pressor-independent mechanism. J Clin Invest. 1996;97(11):2509-16.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.97 , Issue.11 , pp. 2509-2516
    • Brink, M.1    Wellen, J.2    Delafontaine, P.3
  • 68
    • 6344250484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cell-mediated muscle regeneration is enhanced by local isoform of insulin-like growth factor 1
    • 14745025 10.1073/pnas.0303792101 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtlWjt78%3D
    • Musarò A, Giacinti C, Borsellino G, Dobrowolny G, Pelosi L, Cairns L, et al. Stem cell-mediated muscle regeneration is enhanced by local isoform of insulin-like growth factor 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101(5):1206-10.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , Issue.5 , pp. 1206-1210
    • Musarò, A.1    Giacinti, C.2    Borsellino, G.3    Dobrowolny, G.4    Pelosi, L.5    Cairns, L.6
  • 70
    • 0029921173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle wasting and dedifferentiation induced by oxidative stress in a murine model of cachexia is prevented by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis and antioxidants
    • 8617220 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XivVant7w%3D
    • Buck M, Chojkier M. Muscle wasting and dedifferentiation induced by oxidative stress in a murine model of cachexia is prevented by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis and antioxidants. EMBO J. 1996;15(8):1753-65.
    • (1996) EMBO J , vol.15 , Issue.8 , pp. 1753-1765
    • Buck, M.1    Chojkier, M.2
  • 72
    • 14844282044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both oxidative and nitrosative stress are associated with muscle wasting in tumour-bearing rats
    • Barreiro E, la Puente de B, Busquets S. Both oxidative and nitrosative stress are associated with muscle wasting in tumour-bearing rats. FEBS Lett. 2005;579:1646-52.
    • (2005) FEBS Lett. , vol.579 , pp. 1646-1652
    • Barreiro, E.1    De B, L.P.2    Busquets, S.3
  • 73
    • 0242319858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant agents are effective in inducing lymphocyte progression through cell cycle in advanced cancer patients: Assessment of the most important laboratory indexes of cachexia and oxidative stress
    • 12928788 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXotVars7g%3D 10.1007/s00109-003-0476-1
    • Mantovani G, Macciò A, Madeddu C, Mura L, Gramignano G, Lusso MR, et al. Antioxidant agents are effective in inducing lymphocyte progression through cell cycle in advanced cancer patients: assessment of the most important laboratory indexes of cachexia and oxidative stress. J Mol Med. 2003;81(10):664-73.
    • (2003) J Mol Med , vol.81 , Issue.10 , pp. 664-673
    • Mantovani, G.1    Macciò, A.2    Madeddu, C.3    Mura, L.4    Gramignano, G.5    Lusso, M.R.6
  • 74
    • 0020059937 scopus 로고
    • Hypogonadism in male patients with metastatic cancer prior to chemotherapy
    • 7074625 1:STN:280:DyaL387osValsQ%3D%3D
    • Chlebowski RT, Heber D. Hypogonadism in male patients with metastatic cancer prior to chemotherapy. Cancer Res. 1982;42(6):2495-8.
    • (1982) Cancer Res , vol.42 , Issue.6 , pp. 2495-2498
    • Chlebowski, R.T.1    Heber, D.2
  • 75
    • 0034732279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone substitution in male hypogonadism
    • 10.1016/S0303-7207(99)00227-0
    • Zitzmann M. Hormone substitution in male hypogonadism. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2000;2000(161):73-88.
    • (2000) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.2000 , Issue.161 , pp. 73-88
    • Zitzmann, M.1
  • 76
    • 0034989096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Androgens in postmenopausal women: Production, possible role, and replacement options
    • 11466487 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvhsFShsQ%3D%3D 10.1097/00006254-200106000- 00022
    • Lobo RA. Androgens in postmenopausal women: production, possible role, and replacement options. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2001;56(6):361-76.
    • (2001) Obstet Gynecol Surv , vol.56 , Issue.6 , pp. 361-376
    • Lobo, R.A.1
  • 78
    • 0028885773 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of disrupting the angiotensin II type-2 receptor gene in mice
    • 10.1038/377744a0
    • Hein L, Barsh G, Pratt R, Dzau V. Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of disrupting the angiotensin II type-2 receptor gene in mice. Nature. 1995;1995(377):744-7.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.1995 , Issue.377 , pp. 744-747
    • Hein, L.1    Barsh, G.2    Pratt, R.3    Dzau, V.4
  • 79
    • 33745213399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypogonadism in male patients with cancer
    • 10.1002/cncr.21889 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xms1Sitrk%3D
    • Garcia J, Li H, Mann D, Epner D, Hayes T. Hypogonadism in male patients with cancer. Cancer. 2006;2006(106):2583-91.
    • (2006) Cancer , vol.2006 , Issue.106 , pp. 2583-2591
    • Garcia, J.1    Li, H.2    Mann, D.3    Epner, D.4    Hayes, T.5
  • 80
    • 84878114721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citation information
    • Nicholson J, Hofbauer K, Anker S, Inui A, editors Boca Raton: CRC Press
    • Fearon K, Dahele M, Skipworth R. Citation information. In: Nicholson J, Hofbauer K, Anker S, Inui A, editors. Pharmacotherapy of Cachexia. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2009. p. 117-42.
    • (2009) Pharmacotherapy of Cachexia , pp. 117-142
    • Fearon, K.1    Dahele, M.2    Skipworth, R.3
  • 81
    • 77951880911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basics in clinical nutrition: Nutritional support in cancer
    • Bozzetti F. Basics in clinical nutrition: nutritional support in cancer. Eur J Clin Nutr Metab (e-SPEN). 5(3):e148-52.
    • Eur J Clin Nutr Metab (E-SPEN) , vol.5 , Issue.3
    • Bozzetti, F.1
  • 82
    • 0035983488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticancer drugs that induce cancer-associated cachectic syndromes
    • 12113061 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XitlWquro%3D 10.1586/14737140.2.1.121
    • Tohgo A, Kumazawa E, Akahane K, Asakawa A, Inui A. Anticancer drugs that induce cancer-associated cachectic syndromes. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2002;2(1):121-9.
    • (2002) Expert Rev Anticancer Ther , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-129
    • Tohgo, A.1    Kumazawa, E.2    Akahane, K.3    Asakawa, A.4    Inui, A.5
  • 84
    • 0036583165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of C-reactive protein as a prognostic indicator in advanced cancer
    • 11937016 10.1007/s11912-002-0023-1
    • Mahmoud FA, Rivera NI. The role of C-reactive protein as a prognostic indicator in advanced cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2002;4(3):250-5.
    • (2002) Curr Oncol Rep , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 250-255
    • Mahmoud, F.A.1    Rivera, N.I.2
  • 85
    • 17844368604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic inflammation, cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer
    • 15809528 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlt1Cju7w%3D 10.1097/01.mco.0000165004.93707. 88
    • Deans CC, Wigmore SJS. Systemic inflammation, cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005;8(3):265-9.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 265-269
    • Deans, C.C.1    Wigmore, S.J.S.2
  • 86
    • 0034739462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells
    • 11056086 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXptVSjtbk%3D 10.1161/01.CIR.102.18.2165
    • Pasceri V, Willerson JT, Yeh ET. Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells. Circulation. 2000;102(18):2165-8.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , Issue.18 , pp. 2165-2168
    • Pasceri, V.1    Willerson, J.T.2    Yeh, E.T.3
  • 87
    • 0035967470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5. Modulation of C-reactive protein-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induction in human endothelial cells by anti-atherosclerosis drugs
    • 11382718 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltVSnur8%3D 10.1161/01.CIR.103.21.2531
    • Pasceri V, Cheng JS, Chang J. 5. Modulation of C-reactive protein-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induction in human endothelial cells by anti-atherosclerosis drugs. Circulation. 2001;103(21):2531-4.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , Issue.21 , pp. 2531-2534
    • Pasceri, V.1    Cheng, J.S.2    Chang, J.3
  • 88
    • 42449150171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Current Management of Cancer Cachexia
    • Mantovani G, Anker SD, Inui A, Morley JE, Fanelli FR, Scevola D, et al., editors Milan: Springer
    • Mantovani G. The Current Management of Cancer Cachexia. Mantovani G, Anker SD, Inui A, Morley JE, Fanelli FR, Scevola D, et al., editors. Cachexia and wasting: a modern approach. link.springer.com. Milan: Springer; 2006. p. 563-79.
    • (2006) Cachexia and Wasting: A Modern Approach , pp. 563-579
    • Mantovani, G.1
  • 89
    • 0034712933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits multiple steps in the NF-kappa B signaling pathway
    • 10781090 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXivFKjurY%3D 10.1073/pnas.97.9.4844
    • Straus DS, Pascual G, Li M, Welch JS, Ricote M, Hsiang CH, et al. 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits multiple steps in the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97(9):4844-9.
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.97 , Issue.9 , pp. 4844-4849
    • Straus, D.S.1    Pascual, G.2    Li, M.3    Welch, J.S.4    Ricote, M.5    Hsiang, C.H.6
  • 90
    • 0033237348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of NF-kappaB/IkappaB proteins in cancer: Implications for novel treatment strategies
    • Schwartz SA, Hernandez A, Mark Evers B. The role of NF-kappaB/IkappaB proteins in cancer: implications for novel treatment strategies. Surg Oncol. 1999;8(3):143-53.
    • (1999) Surg Oncol. , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 143-153
    • Schwartz, S.A.1    Hernandez, A.2    Mark Evers, B.3
  • 91
    • 0031897632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-kappa B and Rel proteins: Evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses
    • 9597130 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXislygtL0%3D 10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.225
    • Ghosh S, May MJ, Kopp EB. NF-kappa B and Rel proteins: evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 1998;16:225-60.
    • (1998) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.16 , pp. 225-260
    • Ghosh, S.1    May, M.J.2    Kopp, E.B.3
  • 92
    • 0035665020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible new role for NF-kappaB in the resolution of inflammation
    • 11726968 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXovFGqurc%3D 10.1038/nm1201-1291
    • Lawrence T, Gilroy DW, Colville-Nash PR, Willoughby DA. Possible new role for NF-kappaB in the resolution of inflammation. Nat Med. 2001;7(12):1291-7.
    • (2001) Nat Med , vol.7 , Issue.12 , pp. 1291-1297
    • Lawrence, T.1    Gilroy, D.W.2    Colville-Nash, P.R.3    Willoughby, D.A.4
  • 93
    • 0036569398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimethylfumarate inhibits TNF-induced nuclear entry of NF-kappa B/p65 in human endothelial cells
    • 11971029 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xjt12jurk%3D
    • Loewe R, Holnthoner W, Gröger M, Pillinger M, Gruber F, Mechtcheriakova D, et al. Dimethylfumarate inhibits TNF-induced nuclear entry of NF-kappa B/p65 in human endothelial cells. J Immunol. 2002;168(9):4781-7.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.168 , Issue.9 , pp. 4781-4787
    • Loewe, R.1    Holnthoner, W.2    Gröger, M.3    Pillinger, M.4    Gruber, F.5    Mechtcheriakova, D.6
  • 94
    • 0035020963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5. Inflammatory cytokines inhibit myogenic differentiation through activation of nuclear factor-kappaB
    • 11344085 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlvVOmsL8%3D 10.1096/fj.00-0463
    • Langen RCR, Schols AMA, Janssen-Heininger YMY. 5. Inflammatory cytokines inhibit myogenic differentiation through activation of nuclear factor-kappaB. FASEB J. 2001;15(7):1169-80.
    • (2001) FASEB J , vol.15 , Issue.7 , pp. 1169-1180
    • Langen, R.C.R.1    Schols, A.M.A.2    Janssen-Heininger, Y.M.Y.3
  • 95
    • 0024408824 scopus 로고
    • Two types of mouse T helper cell. IV. Th2 clones secrete a factor that inhibits cytokine production by Th1 clones
    • 2531194 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXhtFKqtL0%3D 10.1084/jem.170.6.2081
    • Fiorentino DF, Bond MW, Mosmann TR. Two types of mouse T helper cell. IV. Th2 clones secrete a factor that inhibits cytokine production by Th1 clones. J Exp Med. 1989;170(6):2081-95.
    • (1989) J Exp Med , vol.170 , Issue.6 , pp. 2081-2095
    • Fiorentino, D.F.1    Bond, M.W.2    Mosmann, T.R.3
  • 96
    • 18144442662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of inhibitor kappaB kinase/nuclear factor kappaB signaling during critical illness: A double-edged sword
    • 15190989 10.1097/01.CCM.0000115255.43177.2C
    • Groesdonk HV, Senftleben U. Modulation of inhibitor kappaB kinase/nuclear factor kappaB signaling during critical illness: a double-edged sword. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(5):1239-40.
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 1239-1240
    • Groesdonk, H.V.1    Senftleben, U.2
  • 98
    • 0033292058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer cachexia
    • 11113664 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FosFGktQ%3D%3D 10.1016/S0960-7404(99)00045-6
    • Barber MD, Ross JA, Fearon KC. Cancer cachexia. Surg Oncol. 1999;8(3):133-41.
    • (1999) Surg Oncol , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 133-141
    • Barber, M.D.1    Ross, J.A.2    Fearon, K.C.3
  • 99
    • 0036198117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: Current issues in research and management
    • 11929007 10.3322/canjclin.52.2.72
    • Inui A. Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: current issues in research and management. CA Cancer J Clin. 2002;52(2):72-91.
    • (2002) CA Cancer J Clin , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 72-91
    • Inui, A.1
  • 100
    • 33646523608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptom control in palliative care - Part II: Cachexia/anorexia and fatigue
    • 16629571 10.1089/jpm.2006.9.409
    • Del Fabbro E, Dalal S, Bruera E. Symptom control in palliative care - Part II: cachexia/anorexia and fatigue. J Palliat Med. 2006;9(2):409-21.
    • (2006) J Palliat Med , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 409-421
    • Del Fabbro, E.1    Dalal, S.2    Bruera, E.3
  • 101
    • 44449130607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer cachexia: Pathophysiologic aspects and treatment options
    • 18159985
    • Topkan E, Yavuz AA, Ozyilkan O. Cancer cachexia: pathophysiologic aspects and treatment options. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2007;8(3):445-51.
    • (2007) Asian Pac J Cancer Prev , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 445-451
    • Topkan, E.1    Yavuz, A.A.2    Ozyilkan, O.3
  • 102
    • 77649106713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial of Five Different Arms of Treatment in 332 Patients with Cancer Cachexia
    • 20156909 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXksVCqsr4%3D 10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0153
    • Mantovani G, Macciò A, Madeddu C, Serpe R, Massa E, Dessì M, et al. Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial of Five Different Arms of Treatment in 332 Patients with Cancer Cachexia. Oncologist. 2010;15(2):200-11.
    • (2010) Oncologist , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 200-211
    • Mantovani, G.1    Macciò, A.2    Madeddu, C.3    Serpe, R.4    Massa, E.5    Dessì, M.6
  • 103
    • 78650641328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of cachexia in oncology
    • 21218002 10.4103/0973-1075.73644
    • Tazi E, Errihani H. Treatment of cachexia in oncology. Indian J Palliat Care. 2010;16(3):129-37.
    • (2010) Indian J Palliat Care , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 129-137
    • Tazi, E.1    Errihani, H.2
  • 104
    • 0033975322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome
    • 10697022 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhs1Gqsbs%3D
    • Nelson KA. The cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Semin Oncol. 2000;27(1):64-8.
    • (2000) Semin Oncol , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 64-68
    • Nelson, K.A.1
  • 105
    • 0031947720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the drug treatment of cachexia associated with cancer
    • 9585863 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjtVKlt7Y%3D 10.2165/00003495-199855050-00005
    • Gagnon B, Bruera E. A review of the drug treatment of cachexia associated with cancer. Drugs. 1998;55(5):675-88.
    • (1998) Drugs , vol.55 , Issue.5 , pp. 675-688
    • Gagnon, B.1    Bruera, E.2
  • 107
    • 0028397811 scopus 로고
    • A phase II study of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for appetite stimulation in cancer-associated anorexia
    • Nelson K, Walsh D, Deeter P, Sheehan F. A phase II study of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for appetite stimulation in cancer-associated anorexia. J Palliat Care. 1993;10(1):14-8.
    • (1993) J Palliat Care , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 14-18
    • Nelson, K.1    Walsh, D.2    Deeter, P.3    Sheehan, F.4
  • 109
    • 0035064287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing cancer-related anorexia/cachexia
    • 11324680 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjsFSgsbs%3D 10.2165/00003495-200161040-00004
    • Mantovani G, Maccio A, Massa E, Madeddu C. Managing cancer-related anorexia/cachexia. Drugs. 2001;61(4):499-514.
    • (2001) Drugs , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 499-514
    • Mantovani, G.1    Maccio, A.2    Massa, E.3    Madeddu, C.4
  • 110
    • 0025313585 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of cyproheptadine in cancer patients with anorexia and/or cachexia
    • 2187585 1:STN:280:DyaK3c3lsVGnsw%3D%3D 10.1002/1097-0142(19900615)65: 12<2657: AID-CNCR2820651210>3.0.CO;2-S
    • Kardinal CG, Loprinzi CL, Schaid DJ, Hass AC, Dose AM, Athmann LM, et al. A controlled trial of cyproheptadine in cancer patients with anorexia and/or cachexia. Cancer. 1990;65(12):2657-62.
    • (1990) Cancer , vol.65 , Issue.12 , pp. 2657-2662
    • Kardinal, C.G.1    Loprinzi, C.L.2    Schaid, D.J.3    Hass, A.C.4    Dose, A.M.5    Athmann, L.M.6
  • 111
    • 0033781030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic dopamine and serotonin in the regulation of food intake
    • 11054589 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXosFKhur0%3D 10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00449-4
    • Meguid MM, Fetissov SO, Varma M, Sato T, Zhang L, Laviano A, et al. Hypothalamic dopamine and serotonin in the regulation of food intake. Nutrition. 2000;16(10):843-57.
    • (2000) Nutrition , vol.16 , Issue.10 , pp. 843-857
    • Meguid, M.M.1    Fetissov, S.O.2    Varma, M.3    Sato, T.4    Zhang, L.5    Laviano, A.6
  • 113
    • 0025977730 scopus 로고
    • A study of cyproheptadine in the treatment of metastatic carcinoid tumor and the malignant carcinoid syndrome
    • 10.1002/1097-0142(19910101)67:1<33: AID-CNCR2820670107>3.0.CO;2-E
    • Moertel CG, Kvols LK, Rubin J. A study of cyproheptadine in the treatment of metastatic carcinoid tumor and the malignant carcinoid syndrome. Cancer. 1990;67(1):33-6.
    • (1990) Cancer , vol.67 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-36
    • Moertel, C.G.1    Kvols, L.K.2    Rubin, J.3
  • 114
    • 1942539157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A chart review of cyproheptadine for stimulant-induced weight loss
    • 15142393 10.1089/104454604773840508
    • Daviss WB, Scott J. A chart review of cyproheptadine for stimulant-induced weight loss. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2004;14(1):65-73.
    • (2004) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-73
    • Daviss, W.B.1    Scott, J.2
  • 115
    • 0034845967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cyproheptadine clorhydrate, a serotonin receptor antagonist, on endocrine parameters in weight-loss related amenorrhea
    • 11560101 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnslKktLw%3D
    • Genazzani AD, Strucchi C, Malavasi B, Tortolani F, Vecchi F, Luisi S, et al. Effects of cyproheptadine clorhydrate, a serotonin receptor antagonist, on endocrine parameters in weight-loss related amenorrhea. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2001;15(4):279-85.
    • (2001) Gynecol Endocrinol , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 279-285
    • Genazzani, A.D.1    Strucchi, C.2    Malavasi, B.3    Tortolani, F.4    Vecchi, F.5    Luisi, S.6
  • 117
    • 0025302267 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trial of megestrol acetate for the treatment of cancer anorexia and cachexia
    • 2193166 1:STN:280:DyaK3c3psVeiug%3D%3D 10.1093/jnci/82.13.1127
    • Loprinzi CL, Ellison NM, Schaid DJ, Krook JE, Athmann LM, Dose AM, et al. Controlled trial of megestrol acetate for the treatment of cancer anorexia and cachexia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990;82(13):1127-32.
    • (1990) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.82 , Issue.13 , pp. 1127-1132
    • Loprinzi, C.L.1    Ellison, N.M.2    Schaid, D.J.3    Krook, J.E.4    Athmann, L.M.5    Dose, A.M.6
  • 118
    • 0027407243 scopus 로고
    • Phase III evaluation of four doses of megestrol acetate as therapy for patients with cancer anorexia and/or cachexia
    • 8478668 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3ktVajsg%3D%3D
    • Loprinzi CL, Michalak JC, Schaid DJ, Mailliard JA, Athmann LM, Goldberg RM, et al. Phase III evaluation of four doses of megestrol acetate as therapy for patients with cancer anorexia and/or cachexia. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11(4):762-7.
    • (1993) J Clin Oncol , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 762-767
    • Loprinzi, C.L.1    Michalak, J.C.2    Schaid, D.J.3    Mailliard, J.A.4    Athmann, L.M.5    Goldberg, R.M.6
  • 119
    • 0025127861 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of megestrol acetate on appetite, caloric intake, nutritional status, and other symptoms in patients with advanced cancer
    • 2205358 1:STN:280:DyaK3czotFKmtw%3D%3D 10.1002/1097-0142(19900915)66: 6<1279: AID-CNCR2820660630>3.0.CO;2-R
    • Bruera E, Macmillan K, Kuehn N, Hanson J, MacDonald RN. A controlled trial of megestrol acetate on appetite, caloric intake, nutritional status, and other symptoms in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer. 1990;66(6):1279-82.
    • (1990) Cancer , vol.66 , Issue.6 , pp. 1279-1282
    • Bruera, E.1    Macmillan, K.2    Kuehn, N.3    Hanson, J.4    Macdonald, R.N.5
  • 121
    • 0027406112 scopus 로고
    • Body-composition changes in patients who gain weight while receiving megestrol acetate
    • 8418227 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7hsFOltg%3D%3D
    • Loprinzi CL, Schaid DJ, Dose AM, Burnham NL, Jensen MD. Body-composition changes in patients who gain weight while receiving megestrol acetate. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11(1):152-4.
    • (1993) J Clin Oncol , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 152-154
    • Loprinzi, C.L.1    Schaid, D.J.2    Dose, A.M.3    Burnham, N.L.4    Jensen, M.D.5
  • 122
    • 9044244145 scopus 로고
    • Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of cisplatin and etoposide plus megestrol acetate/placebo in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group study
    • Rowland KM, Loprinzi CL, Shaw EG, Maksymiuk AW, Kuross SA, Jung SH, et al. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of cisplatin and etoposide plus megestrol acetate/placebo in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group study. J Clin Oncol. 1995;14(1):135-41.
    • (1995) J Clin Oncol , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-141
    • Rowland, K.M.1    Loprinzi, C.L.2    Shaw, E.G.3    Maksymiuk, A.W.4    Kuross, S.A.5    Jung, S.H.6
  • 123
    • 0035067434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose progestins for the treatment of cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials
    • 11332139 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrhsFequw%3D%3D 10.1023/A:1011156811739
    • Maltoni M, Nanni O, Scarpi E, Rossi D, Serra P, Amadori D. High-dose progestins for the treatment of cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Ann Oncol. 2001;12(3):289-300.
    • (2001) Ann Oncol , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 289-300
    • Maltoni, M.1    Nanni, O.2    Scarpi, E.3    Rossi, D.4    Serra, P.5    Amadori, D.6
  • 124
    • 0031887268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological treatment of cachexia: Any progress?
    • 9540168 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3gtV2qsw%3D%3D 10.1007/s005200050143
    • Bruera EE. Pharmacological treatment of cachexia: any progress? Support Care Cancer. 1998;6(2):109-13.
    • (1998) Support Care Cancer , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-113
    • Bruera, E.E.1
  • 125
    • 0028845449 scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic response to starvation: Implications for the study of wasting disorders
    • 7503322 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXpslOks7c%3D
    • Schwartz M, Dallman M. Hypothalamic response to starvation: implications for the study of wasting disorders. Am J Physiol. 1995;269:R949-57.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.269
    • Schwartz, M.1    Dallman, M.2
  • 126
    • 0032177037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unraveling the central nervous system pathways underlying responses to leptin
    • 10196541 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmvF2kt74%3D 10.1038/2164
    • Elmquist JK, Maratos-Flier E, Saper CB, Flier JS. Unraveling the central nervous system pathways underlying responses to leptin. Nat Neurosci. 1998;1(6):445-50.
    • (1998) Nat Neurosci , vol.1 , Issue.6 , pp. 445-450
    • Elmquist, J.K.1    Maratos-Flier, E.2    Saper, C.B.3    Flier, J.S.4
  • 127
    • 0032577376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signals that regulate food intake and energy homeostasis
    • 9603721 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjtlant7o%3D 10.1126/science.280.5368.1378
    • Woods SC, Seeley RJ, Porte D, Schwartz MW. Signals that regulate food intake and energy homeostasis. Science. 1998;280(5368):1378-83.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , Issue.5368 , pp. 1378-1383
    • Woods, S.C.1    Seeley, R.J.2    Porte, D.3    Schwartz, M.W.4
  • 128
    • 0031623306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The MONA LISA hypothesis in the time of leptin
    • 9769705 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnsFSqurk%3D
    • Bray G, York D. The MONA LISA hypothesis in the time of leptin. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1998;53:95-117.
    • (1998) Recent Prog Horm Res , vol.53 , pp. 95-117
    • Bray, G.1    York, D.2
  • 129
    • 0033038418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interacting appetite-regulating pathways in the hypothalamic regulation of body weight
    • 10047974 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhsV2mtL0%3D 10.1210/er.20.1.68
    • Kalra SP, Dube MG, Pu S, Xu B, Horvath TL, Kalra PS. Interacting appetite-regulating pathways in the hypothalamic regulation of body weight. Endocr Rev. 1999;20(1):68-100.
    • (1999) Endocr Rev , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 68-100
    • Kalra, S.P.1    Dube, M.G.2    Pu, S.3    Xu, B.4    Horvath, T.L.5    Kalra, P.S.6
  • 130
    • 0034611732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system control of food intake
    • 10766253 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXis1Grur4%3D
    • Schwartz MW, Woods SC, Porte D, Seeley RJ, Baskin DG. Central nervous system control of food intake. Nature. 2000;404(6778):661-71.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , Issue.6778 , pp. 661-671
    • Schwartz, M.W.1    Woods, S.C.2    Porte, D.3    Seeley, R.J.4    Baskin, D.G.5
  • 131
    • 0034048279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic approach to the study of body weight regulation
    • 10699154 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjvVWgtb8%3D
    • Inui A. Transgenic approach to the study of body weight regulation. Pharmacol Rev. 2000;52(1):35-61.
    • (2000) Pharmacol Rev , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-61
    • Inui, A.1
  • 132
    • 0033745973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic study of energy homeostasis equation: Implications and confounding influences
    • 11053236 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXht1Kgtrs%3D 10.1096/fj.00-0291rev
    • Inui A. Transgenic study of energy homeostasis equation: implications and confounding influences. FASEB J. 2000;14(14):2158-70.
    • (2000) FASEB J. , vol.14 , Issue.14 , pp. 2158-2170
    • Inui, A.1
  • 133
    • 0033771667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system mechanisms contributing to the cachexia-anorexia syndrome
    • 11054608 10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00413-5
    • Plata-Salamán C. Central nervous system mechanisms contributing to the cachexia-anorexia syndrome. Nutrition. 2000;16:1009-12.
    • (2000) Nutrition. , vol.16 , pp. 1009-1012
    • Plata-Salamán, C.1
  • 134
    • 0028978279 scopus 로고
    • 2+ channel current modulation by megestrol acetate via a G-protein alpha s-subunit in rat hypothalamic neurons
    • 2+ channel current modulation by megestrol acetate via a G-protein alpha s-subunit in rat hypothalamic neurones. J Physiol (Lond.). 1995;487 (Pt 2):291-303.
    • (1995) J Physiol (Lond.) , vol.487 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 291-303
    • Costa, A.M.1    Spence, K.T.2    Plata-Salamán, C.R.3    Ffrench-Mullen, J.M.4
  • 135
    • 84878108246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appetite stimulants
    • Nicholson JR, Hofbauer KG, Anker SD, Inui A, editors Boca Raton: CRC Press
    • John M. Appetite stimulants. In: Nicholson JR, Hofbauer KG, Anker SD, Inui A, editors. Pharmacotherapy of cachexia. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2005. p. 291-302. http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/9781420048957.ch16.
    • (2005) Pharmacotherapy of Cachexia , pp. 291-302
    • John, M.1
  • 136
    • 0032546567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unconventional therapies for cancer: 4. Hydrazine sulfate. Task force on alternative therapies of the Canadian breast cancer research initiative
    • 9614826 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3nslSgsw%3D%3D
    • Kaegi E. Unconventional therapies for cancer: 4. Hydrazine sulfate. Task force on alternative therapies of the Canadian breast cancer research initiative. CMAJ. 1998;158(10):1327-30.
    • (1998) CMAJ , vol.158 , Issue.10 , pp. 1327-1330
    • Kaegi, E.1
  • 137
    • 0033540056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach
    • 10604470 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjs1Ki 10.1038/45230
    • Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature. 1999;402(6762):656-60.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , Issue.6762 , pp. 656-660
    • Kojima, M.1    Hosoda, H.2    Date, Y.3    Nakazato, M.4    Matsuo, H.5    Kangawa, K.6
  • 138
    • 0035430665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin: An orexigenic and somatotrophic signal from the stomach
    • 11483998 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtVaqtbo%3D 10.1038/35086018
    • Inui A. Ghrelin: an orexigenic and somatotrophic signal from the stomach. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001;2(8):551-60.
    • (2001) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.2 , Issue.8 , pp. 551-560
    • Inui, A.1
  • 139
    • 0040184557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin strongly stimulates growth hormone release in humans
    • 11134161 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7htFGhuw%3D%3D 10.1210/jc.85.12.4908
    • Takaya K, Ariyasu H, Kanamoto N, Iwakura H, Yoshimoto A, Harada M, et al. Ghrelin strongly stimulates growth hormone release in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(12):4908-11.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , Issue.12 , pp. 4908-4911
    • Takaya, K.1    Ariyasu, H.2    Kanamoto, N.3    Iwakura, H.4    Yoshimoto, A.5    Harada, M.6
  • 140
    • 17744374270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine activities of ghrelin, a natural growth hormone secretagogue (GHS), in humans: Comparison and interactions with hexarelin, a nonnatural peptidyl GHS, and GH-releasing hormone
    • 11238504 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitFWntrk%3D 10.1210/jc.86.3.1169
    • Arvat E, Maccario M, Di Vito L, Broglio F, Benso A, Gottero C, et al. Endocrine activities of ghrelin, a natural growth hormone secretagogue (GHS), in humans: comparison and interactions with hexarelin, a nonnatural peptidyl GHS, and GH-releasing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(3):1169-74.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 1169-1174
    • Arvat, E.1    Maccario, M.2    Di Vito, L.3    Broglio, F.4    Benso, A.5    Gottero, C.6
  • 141
    • 17944364819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A low dose of ghrelin stimulates growth hormone (GH) release synergistically with GH-releasing hormone in humans
    • 11549707 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmvFCrsb8%3D 10.1210/jc.86.9.4552
    • Hataya Y, Akamizu T, Takaya K, Kanamoto N, Ariyasu H, Saijo M, et al. A low dose of ghrelin stimulates growth hormone (GH) release synergistically with GH-releasing hormone in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(9):4552.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , Issue.9 , pp. 4552
    • Hataya, Y.1    Akamizu, T.2    Takaya, K.3    Kanamoto, N.4    Ariyasu, H.5    Saijo, M.6
  • 142
    • 2342465508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics, safety, and endocrine and appetite effects of ghrelin administration in young healthy subjects
    • 15080773 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjvFCjt78%3D 10.1530/eje.0.1500447
    • Akamizu T, Takaya K, Irako T, Hosoda H, Teramukai S, Matsuyama A, et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and endocrine and appetite effects of ghrelin administration in young healthy subjects. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004;150(4):447-55.
    • (2004) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.150 , Issue.4 , pp. 447-455
    • Akamizu, T.1    Takaya, K.2    Irako, T.3    Hosoda, H.4    Teramukai, S.5    Matsuyama, A.6
  • 144
    • 35349004714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I Axis in exercise and sport
    • 17785429 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1yit7rL 10.1210/er.2006-0052
    • Gibney J, Healy ML, Sonksen PH. The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I Axis in exercise and sport. Endocr Rev. 2007;28(6):603-24.
    • (2007) Endocr Rev , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 603-624
    • Gibney, J.1    Healy, M.L.2    Sonksen, P.H.3
  • 145
    • 44349083554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of muscle mass by growth hormone and IGF-I
    • 18500379 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmt1Kqtb0%3D 10.1038/bjp.2008.153
    • Velloso CP. Regulation of muscle mass by growth hormone and IGF-I. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154(3):557-68.
    • (2008) Br J Pharmacol , vol.154 , Issue.3 , pp. 557-568
    • Velloso, C.P.1
  • 146
    • 33645069631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic action of ghrelin in a mouse model of colitis
    • 16697735 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xls1Witro%3D 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.01.041
    • Gonzalez-Rey E, Chorny A, Delgado M. Therapeutic action of ghrelin in a mouse model of colitis. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(6):1707-20.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , Issue.6 , pp. 1707-1720
    • Gonzalez-Rey, E.1    Chorny, A.2    Delgado, M.3
  • 147
    • 39149099430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous ghrelin modulates release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated macrophages through distinct signaling pathways
    • 18291254 10.1016/j.surg.2007.09.039
    • Waseem T, Duxbury M, Ito H, Ashley SW, Robinson MK. Exogenous ghrelin modulates release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated macrophages through distinct signaling pathways. Surgery. 2008;143(3):334-42.
    • (2008) Surgery , vol.143 , Issue.3 , pp. 334-342
    • Waseem, T.1    Duxbury, M.2    Ito, H.3    Ashley, S.W.4    Robinson, M.K.5
  • 148
    • 3242749843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin inhibits leptin- and activation-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells
    • 15232612 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXls1altLo%3D
    • Dixit VD, Schaffer EM, Pyle RS, Collins GD, Sakthivel SK, Palaniappan R, et al. Ghrelin inhibits leptin- and activation-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells. J Clin Invest. 2004;114(1):57-66.
    • (2004) J Clin Invest , vol.114 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-66
    • Dixit, V.D.1    Schaffer, E.M.2    Pyle, R.S.3    Collins, G.D.4    Sakthivel, S.K.5    Palaniappan, R.6
  • 149
    • 2442419837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin inhibits proinflammatory responses and nuclear factor-κB activation in human endothelial cells
    • 15117840 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjs1eisro%3D 10.1161/01.CIR.0000127956.43874. F2
    • Li WG, Gavrila D, Liu X, Wang L, Gunnlaugsson S, Stoll LL, et al. Ghrelin inhibits proinflammatory responses and nuclear factor-κB activation in human endothelial cells. Circulation. 2004;109:2221-6.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 2221-2226
    • Li, W.G.1    Gavrila, D.2    Liu, X.3    Wang, L.4    Gunnlaugsson, S.5    Stoll, L.L.6
  • 150
    • 35348960888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury and mortality in rats
    • 17626913 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtleru77E 10.1164/rccm.200604-511OC
    • Wu R, Dong W, Zhou M, Zhang F, Marini CP, Ravikumar TS, et al. Ghrelin attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury and mortality in rats. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176(8):805-13.
    • (2007) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.176 , Issue.8 , pp. 805-813
    • Wu, R.1    Dong, W.2    Zhou, M.3    Zhang, F.4    Marini, C.P.5    Ravikumar, T.S.6
  • 151
    • 70149084413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by ghrelin
    • 19620309 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXpsVKnsr0%3D 10.4049/jimmunol.0803362
    • Theil M-M, Miyake S, Mizuno M, Tomi C, Croxford JL, Hosoda H, et al. Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by ghrelin. J Immunol. 2009;183(4):2859-66.
    • (2009) J Immunol , vol.183 , Issue.4 , pp. 2859-2866
    • Theil, M.-M.1    Miyake, S.2    Mizuno, M.3    Tomi, C.4    Croxford, J.L.5    Hosoda, H.6
  • 152
    • 33846817498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway
    • 17273548 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhs1OqsLg%3D 10.1172/JCI30555
    • Tracey KJ. Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway. J Clin Invest. 2007;117(2):289-96.
    • (2007) J Clin Invest , vol.117 , Issue.2 , pp. 289-296
    • Tracey, K.J.1
  • 153
    • 65949085572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin inhibits skeletal muscle protein breakdown in rats with thermal injury through normalizing elevated expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx
    • 19211729 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXkvVygtLk%3D 10.1152/ajpregu.00015.2008
    • Balasubramaniam A, Joshi R, Su C, Friend LA, Sheriff S, Kagan RJ, et al. Ghrelin inhibits skeletal muscle protein breakdown in rats with thermal injury through normalizing elevated expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009;296(4):R893-901.
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.296 , Issue.4
    • Balasubramaniam, A.1    Joshi, R.2    Su, C.3    Friend, L.A.4    Sheriff, S.5    Kagan, R.J.6
  • 154
    • 70349305290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin receptor agonist, GHRP-2, attenuates burn injury-induced MuRF-1 and MAFbx expression and muscle proteolysis in rats
    • 19577604 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFyqt7%2FP 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.06.029
    • Sheriff S, Joshi R, Friend LA, James JH, Balasubramaniam A. Ghrelin receptor agonist, GHRP-2, attenuates burn injury-induced MuRF-1 and MAFbx expression and muscle proteolysis in rats. Peptides. 2009;30(10):1909-13.
    • (2009) Peptides , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1909-1913
    • Sheriff, S.1    Joshi, R.2    Friend, L.A.3    James, J.H.4    Balasubramaniam, A.5
  • 155
    • 39149139958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GHRP-2, a GHS-R agonist, directly acts on myocytes to attenuate the dexamethasone-induced expressions of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, Atrogin-1 and MuRF1
    • 18191156 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXitVeis78%3D 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.11.019
    • Yamamoto D, Ikeshita N, Matsubara T, Tasaki H, Herningtyas EH, Toda K, et al. GHRP-2, a GHS-R agonist, directly acts on myocytes to attenuate the dexamethasone-induced expressions of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, Atrogin-1 and MuRF1. Life Sci. 2008;82(9-10):460-6.
    • (2008) Life Sci , vol.82 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 460-466
    • Yamamoto, D.1    Ikeshita, N.2    Matsubara, T.3    Tasaki, H.4    Herningtyas, E.H.5    Toda, K.6
  • 156
    • 2042425906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway prevents expression of muscle atrophy-induced ubiquitin ligases by inhibiting FOXO transcription factors 10.1016/S1097- 2765(04), 00211-4: Molecular Cell | ScienceDirect.com
    • 15125842 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXks1Cls7k%3D 10.1016/S1097-2765(04)00211-4
    • Stitt TN, Drujan D, Clarke BA, Panaro F, Timofeyva Y, Kline WO, et al. The IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway prevents expression of muscle atrophy-induced ubiquitin ligases by inhibiting FOXO transcription factors 10.1016/S1097- 2765(04), 00211-4: molecular Cell | ScienceDirect.com. Mol Cell. 2004;14:395-403.
    • (2004) Mol Cell , vol.14 , pp. 395-403
    • Stitt, T.N.1    Drujan, D.2    Clarke, B.A.3    Panaro, F.4    Timofeyva, Y.5    Kline, W.O.6
  • 157
    • 33644809274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing peptide, in the treatment of cardiopulmonary-associated cachexia
    • 10.2169/internalmedicine.45.1402
    • Nagaya N, Kojima M, Kangawa K. Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing peptide, in the treatment of cardiopulmonary-associated cachexia. Intern Med. 2005;45(3):127-34.
    • (2005) Intern Med , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 127-134
    • Nagaya, N.1    Kojima, M.2    Kangawa, K.3
  • 158
    • 37649021033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of RC-1291 (RC) for the treatment of cancer cachexia
    • Garcia J, Boccia R, Graham C. A phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of RC-1291 (RC) for the treatment of cancer cachexia. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:9133.
    • (2007) J Clin Oncol. , vol.25 , pp. 9133
    • Garcia, J.1    Boccia, R.2    Graham, C.3
  • 159
    • 79851510937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbal therapy use by cancer patients: A literature review on case reports
    • 21185719 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.11.018
    • Olaku O, White JD. Herbal therapy use by cancer patients: a literature review on case reports. Eur J Cancer. 2011;47(4):508-14.
    • (2011) Eur J Cancer , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 508-514
    • Olaku, O.1    White, J.D.2
  • 160
    • 78449280519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of Rikkunshito, a traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo), in treating functional dyspepsia
    • 20962437 10.2169/internalmedicine.49.3803
    • Kusunoki H, Haruma K, Hata J, Ishii M, Kamada T, Yamashita N, et al. Efficacy of Rikkunshito, a traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo), in treating functional dyspepsia. Intern Med. 2010;49(20):2195-202.
    • (2010) Intern Med , vol.49 , Issue.20 , pp. 2195-2202
    • Kusunoki, H.1    Haruma, K.2    Hata, J.3    Ishii, M.4    Kamada, T.5    Yamashita, N.6
  • 161
    • 58149463888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rikkunshito, a chinese herbal medicine, on stasis in patients after pylorus-preserving gastrectomy
    • 19082653 10.1007/s00268-008-9854-8
    • Takahashi T, Endo S, Nakajima K, Souma Y, Nishida T. Effect of rikkunshito, a chinese herbal medicine, on stasis in patients after pylorus-preserving gastrectomy. World J Surg. 2009;33(2):296-302.
    • (2009) World J Surg , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 296-302
    • Takahashi, T.1    Endo, S.2    Nakajima, K.3    Souma, Y.4    Nishida, T.5
  • 162
    • 50249095094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Rikkunshi-to on infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, refractory to atropine
    • 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2008.02682.x
    • Oyachi N, Takano K, Hasuda N, Arai H. Effects of Rikkunshi-to on infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, refractory to atropine. Pediatr Int. 2008;2008(50):581-3.
    • (2008) Pediatr Int , vol.2008 , Issue.50 , pp. 581-583
    • Oyachi, N.1    Takano, K.2    Hasuda, N.3    Arai, H.4
  • 163
    • 38349120030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rikkunshi-to attenuates adverse gastrointestinal symptoms induced by fluvoxamine
    • 18001480 10.1186/1751-0759-1-21
    • Oka T, Tamagawa Y, Hayashida S, Kaneda Y, Kodama N, Tsuji S. Rikkunshi-to attenuates adverse gastrointestinal symptoms induced by fluvoxamine. Biopsychosoc Med. 2007;1:21.
    • (2007) Biopsychosoc Med , vol.1 , pp. 21
    • Oka, T.1    Tamagawa, Y.2    Hayashida, S.3    Kaneda, Y.4    Kodama, N.5    Tsuji, S.6
  • 164
    • 1642414933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The herbal medicine Rikkunshi-to stimulates and coordinates the gastric myoelectric activity in post-operative dyspeptic children after gastrointestinal surgery
    • 10.1007/s00383-003-1053-y
    • Yagi M, Homma S, Kubota M, Iinuma Y. The herbal medicine Rikkunshi-to stimulates and coordinates the gastric myoelectric activity in post-operative dyspeptic children after gastrointestinal surgery. Pediatr Surg Int. 2004;2004(19):760-5.
    • (2004) Pediatr Surg Int , vol.2004 , Issue.19 , pp. 760-765
    • Yagi, M.1    Homma, S.2    Kubota, M.3    Iinuma, Y.4
  • 165
    • 78649760581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological and clinical characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux after congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair
    • 21129542 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.08.029
    • Kawahara H, Okuyama H, Nose K, Nakai H, Yoneda A, Kubota A, et al. Physiological and clinical characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux after congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair. J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45(12):2346-50.
    • (2010) J Pediatr Surg , vol.45 , Issue.12 , pp. 2346-2350
    • Kawahara, H.1    Okuyama, H.2    Nose, K.3    Nakai, H.4    Yoneda, A.5    Kubota, A.6
  • 166
    • 80052265980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 10-Gingerol, a component of rikkunshito, improves cisplatin-induced anorexia by inhibiting acylated ghrelin degradation
    • 21846463 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFaksb%2FM 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.002
    • Sadakane C, Muto S, Nakagawa K, Ohnishi S, Saegusa Y, Nahata M, et al. 10-Gingerol, a component of rikkunshito, improves cisplatin-induced anorexia by inhibiting acylated ghrelin degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011;412(3):506-11.
    • (2011) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.412 , Issue.3 , pp. 506-511
    • Sadakane, C.1    Muto, S.2    Nakagawa, K.3    Ohnishi, S.4    Saegusa, Y.5    Nahata, M.6
  • 167
    • 47049109646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunopharmaceutical effects and mechanisms of herb medicine
    • 18318991 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXksFKisLc%3D 10.1038/cmi.2008.3
    • Huang C, Lin S, Liao P, Young S. The immunopharmaceutical effects and mechanisms of herb medicine. Cell Mol Immunol. 2008;5:23-31.
    • (2008) Cell Mol Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 23-31
    • Huang, C.1    Lin, S.2    Liao, P.3    Young, S.4
  • 168
    • 79951882924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer cachexia: Traditional therapies and novel molecular mechanism-based approaches to treatment
    • 21128029 10.1007/s11864-010-0127-z
    • Kumar NB, Kazi A, Smith T, Crocker T, Yu D, Reich RR, et al. Cancer cachexia: traditional therapies and novel molecular mechanism-based approaches to treatment. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2010;11(3-4):107-17.
    • (2010) Curr Treat Options Oncol , vol.11 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 107-117
    • Kumar, N.B.1    Kazi, A.2    Smith, T.3    Crocker, T.4    Yu, D.5    Reich, R.R.6
  • 169
    • 34247250705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer cachexia syndrome in head and neck cancer patients: Part I. Diagnosis, impact on quality of life and survival, and treatment
    • 17285641 10.1002/hed.20447
    • Couch M, Lai V, Cannon T, Guttridge D, Zanation A, George J, et al. Cancer cachexia syndrome in head and neck cancer patients: part I. Diagnosis, impact on quality of life and survival, and treatment. Head Neck. 2007;29(4):401-11.
    • (2007) Head Neck , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 401-411
    • Couch, M.1    Lai, V.2    Cannon, T.3    Guttridge, D.4    Zanation, A.5    George, J.6
  • 170
    • 0141869044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a protein and energy dense N-3 fatty acid enriched oral supplement on loss of weight and lean tissue in cancer cachexia: A randomised double blind trial
    • 12970142 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXotl2ksrs%3D 10.1136/gut.52.10.1479
    • Fearon KCH, Von Meyenfeldt MF, Moses AGW, Van Geenen R, Roy A, Gouma DJ, et al. Effect of a protein and energy dense N-3 fatty acid enriched oral supplement on loss of weight and lean tissue in cancer cachexia: a randomised double blind trial. Gut. 2003;52(10):1479-86.
    • (2003) Gut , vol.52 , Issue.10 , pp. 1479-1486
    • Fearon, K.C.H.1    Von Meyenfeldt, M.F.2    Moses, A.G.W.3    Van Geenen, R.4    Roy, A.5    Gouma, D.J.6
  • 171
    • 43449104499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer cachexia: Developing multimodal therapy for a multidimensional problem
    • 18375115 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1czivVagsQ%3D%3D 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.02.033
    • Fearon KCH. Cancer cachexia: developing multimodal therapy for a multidimensional problem. Eur J Cancer. 2008;44(8):1124-32.
    • (2008) Eur J Cancer , vol.44 , Issue.8 , pp. 1124-1132
    • Fearon, K.C.H.1
  • 172
    • 79957548828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cachexia, malnutrition, the refeeding syndrome, and lessons from Goldilocks
    • 21621702 10.1016/j.suc.2011.02.007
    • Palesty JA, Dudrick SJ. Cachexia, malnutrition, the refeeding syndrome, and lessons from Goldilocks. Surg Clin North Am. 2011;91(3):653-73.
    • (2011) Surg Clin North Am , vol.91 , Issue.3 , pp. 653-673
    • Palesty, J.A.1    Dudrick, S.J.2
  • 174
    • 0025057043 scopus 로고
    • The refeeding syndrome: A review
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK3c3hvFehug%3D%3D 10.1177/014860719001400190
    • Solomon SM, Kirby DF. The refeeding syndrome: a review. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990;14(1):90-7.
    • (1990) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 90-97
    • Solomon, S.M.1    Kirby, D.F.2
  • 175
    • 77951204921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refeeding syndrome
    • 3rd ed. Prague: Galen
    • Sobotka L. Refeeding syndrome. Basics in clinical nutrition. 3rd ed. Prague: Galen; 2004. p. 288-91.
    • (2004) Basics in Clinical Nutrition , pp. 288-291
    • Sobotka, L.1
  • 176
    • 0036034726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise, cachexia, and cancer therapy: A molecular rationale
    • 10.1207/S15327914NC422-1
    • Ardies CM. Exercise, cachexia, and cancer therapy: a molecular rationale. Nutr Cancer. 2001;42(2):143-57.
    • (2001) Nutr Cancer , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-157
    • Ardies, C.M.1
  • 177
    • 0035225284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer-induced fatigue and skeletal muscle wasting: The role of exercise
    • al-Majid S, McCarthy DO. Cancer-induced fatigue and skeletal muscle wasting: the role of exercise. Biol Res Nurs. 2001;2(3):186-97.
    • (2001) Biol Res Nurs. , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 186-197
    • Al-Majid, S.1    McCarthy, D.O.2
  • 178
    • 33845457114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and physical activity during and after cancer treatment: An American Cancer Society guide for informed choices
    • Doyle CC, Kushi LHL, Byers TT, Courneya KSK, Demark-Wahnefried WW, Grant BB, et al. Nutrition and physical activity during and after cancer treatment: an American Cancer Society guide for informed choices. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005;56:323-53.
    • (2005) CA Cancer J Clin. , vol.56 , pp. 323-353
    • Doyle, C.C.1    Lhl, K.2    Byers, T.T.3    Ksk, C.4    Demark-Wahnefried, W.W.5    Grant, B.B.6
  • 179
    • 0037517045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eating-related disorders in patients with advanced cancer
    • 12527949
    • Strasser F. Eating-related disorders in patients with advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2003;11(1):11-20.
    • (2003) Support Care Cancer , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-20
    • Strasser, F.1
  • 180
    • 33846590500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer wasting and quality of life react to early individualized nutritional counselling!
    • Ravasco P, Monteiro Grillo I, Camilo M. Cancer wasting and quality of life react to early individualized nutritional counselling! Clin Nutr. 2007;26(1):7-15.
    • (2007) Clin Nutr. , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-15
    • Ravasco, P.1    Monteiro Grillo, I.2    Camilo, M.3
  • 181
    • 0034189330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The starving patient: Supportive care for people with cancer
    • 11235249 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7nsVansw%3D%3D
    • Whitman MM. The starving patient: supportive care for people with cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2000;4(3):121-5.
    • (2000) Clin J Oncol Nurs , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 121-125
    • Whitman, M.M.1
  • 182
    • 0034282541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein metabolism in the small intestine during cancer cachexia and chemotherapy in mice
    • 10987314 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmsFWhsbY%3D
    • Samuels SE, Knowles AL, Tilignac T, Debiton E, Madelmont JC, Attaix D. Protein metabolism in the small intestine during cancer cachexia and chemotherapy in mice. Cancer Res. 2000;60(17):4968-74.
    • (2000) Cancer Res , vol.60 , Issue.17 , pp. 4968-4974
    • Samuels, S.E.1    Knowles, A.L.2    Tilignac, T.3    Debiton, E.4    Madelmont, J.C.5    Attaix, D.6
  • 183
    • 0036940618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer and chemotherapy-related upper gastrointestinal symptoms: The role of abnormal gastric motor function and its evaluation in cancer patients
    • 12353123 10.1007/s00520-002-0340-9
    • Nelson K, Walsh D, Sheehan F. Cancer and chemotherapy-related upper gastrointestinal symptoms: the role of abnormal gastric motor function and its evaluation in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2002;10(6):455-61.
    • (2002) Support Care Cancer , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 455-461
    • Nelson, K.1    Walsh, D.2    Sheehan, F.3
  • 184
    • 34247340522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary care of the patient with cancer. [Internet]
    • [cited 2012 Mar 9]. pages 1207-14
    • SMITH GF, TOONEN TR. Primary care of the patient with cancer. [Internet]. Am Fam Physician. 2007 [cited 2012 Mar 9]. pages 1207-14. Available from: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/0415/p1207.html.
    • (2007) Am Fam Physician
    • Smith, G.F.1    Toonen, T.R.2
  • 185
    • 0028042364 scopus 로고
    • Importance of nausea
    • Jenns K. Importance of nausea. Cancer Nurs. 1994;17:488-93.
    • (1994) Cancer Nurs. , vol.17 , pp. 488-493
    • Jenns, K.1
  • 186
    • 0031025087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposal for classifying the acute emetogenicity of cancer chemotherapy
    • 8996130 1:STN:280:DyaK2s7kvFehsA%3D%3D
    • Hesketh PJ, Kris MG, Grunberg SM, Beck T, Hainsworth JD, Harker G, et al. Proposal for classifying the acute emetogenicity of cancer chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 1997;15(1):103-9.
    • (1997) J Clin Oncol , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 103-109
    • Hesketh, P.J.1    Kris, M.G.2    Grunberg, S.M.3    Beck, T.4    Hainsworth, J.D.5    Harker, G.6
  • 187
    • 0025760561 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin antagonists: A new class of antiemetic agents
    • 1850806 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXkt1Wnt7w%3D 10.1093/jnci/83.9.613
    • Hesketh PJ, Gandara DR. Serotonin antagonists: a new class of antiemetic agents. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991;83(9):613-20.
    • (1991) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.83 , Issue.9 , pp. 613-620
    • Hesketh, P.J.1    Gandara, D.R.2
  • 189
    • 0346996614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palonosetron: A unique 5-HT3-receptor antagonist for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced emesis
    • Grunberg SM, Koeller JM. Palonosetron: a unique 5-HT3-receptor antagonist for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced emesis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012;4(12):2297-303.
    • (2012) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.4 , Issue.12 , pp. 2297-2303
    • Grunberg, S.M.1    Koeller, J.M.2
  • 190
    • 33846847899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are all 5-HT3 receptor antagonists the same?
    • McNulty R. Are all 5-HT3 receptor antagonists the same? J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2007;5(1):35-43.
    • (2007) J Natl Compr Canc Netw. , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-43
    • McNulty, R.1
  • 191
    • 0344412945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved prevention of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting with palonosetron, a pharmacologically novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist: Results of a phase III, single-dose trial versus dolasetron
    • 14635083 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpvFOrt70%3D 10.1002/cncr.11817
    • Eisenberg PP, Figueroa-Vadillo JJ, Zamora RR, Charu VV, Hajdenberg JJ, Cartmell AA, et al. Improved prevention of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting with palonosetron, a pharmacologically novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist: results of a phase III, single-dose trial versus dolasetron. Cancer. 2003;98(11):2473-82.
    • (2003) Cancer , vol.98 , Issue.11 , pp. 2473-2482
    • Eisenberg, P.P.1    Figueroa-Vadillo, J.J.2    Zamora, R.R.3    Charu, V.V.4    Hajdenberg, J.J.5    Cartmell, A.A.6
  • 192
    • 0026071703 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis: A double-blind multicenter randomized crossover study comparing ondansetron and ondansetron plus dexamethasone
    • 1829757 1:STN:280:DyaK3M3psVygug%3D%3D
    • Roila F, Tonato M, Cognetti F, Cortesi E, Favalli G, Marangolo M, et al. Prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis: a double-blind multicenter randomized crossover study comparing ondansetron and ondansetron plus dexamethasone. J Clin Oncol. 1991;9(4):675-8.
    • (1991) J Clin Oncol , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 675-678
    • Roila, F.1    Tonato, M.2    Cognetti, F.3    Cortesi, E.4    Favalli, G.5    Marangolo, M.6
  • 193
    • 0347816226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oral neurokinin-1 antagonist aprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients receiving high-dose cisplatin-The Aprepitant Protocol 052 Study Group
    • 14559886 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXpsVajtr0%3D 10.1200/JCO.2003.01.095
    • Hesketh PJ, Grunberg SM, Gralla RJ, Warr DG, Roila F, de Wit R, et al. The oral neurokinin-1 antagonist aprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients receiving high-dose cisplatin-the Aprepitant Protocol 052 Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(22):4112-9.
    • (2003) J Clin Oncol , vol.21 , Issue.22 , pp. 4112-4119
    • Hesketh, P.J.1    Grunberg, S.M.2    Gralla, R.J.3    Warr, D.G.4    Roila, F.5    De Wit, R.6
  • 194
    • 1642513757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oral NK(1) antagonist, aprepitant, given with standard antiemetics provides protection against nausea and vomiting over multiple cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy: A combined analysis of two randomised, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trials
    • 14746859 10.1016/j.ejca.2003.08.028 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmvFGjsg%3D%3D
    • de Wit R, Herrstedt J, Rapoport B, Carides AD, Guoguang-Ma J, Elmer M, et al. The oral NK(1) antagonist, aprepitant, given with standard antiemetics provides protection against nausea and vomiting over multiple cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy: a combined analysis of two randomised, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trials. Eur J Cancer. 2004;40(3):403-10.
    • (2004) Eur J Cancer , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 403-410
    • De Wit, R.1    Herrstedt, J.2    Rapoport, B.3    Carides, A.D.4    Guoguang-Ma, J.5    Elmer, M.6
  • 195
    • 0037087226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer
    • 10.1086/339215
    • Hughes WT, Armstrong D, Bodey GP, Bow EJ, Brown AE, Calandra T, et al. Guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;2002:730-51.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.2002 , pp. 730-751
    • Hughes, W.T.1    Armstrong, D.2    Bodey, G.P.3    Bow, E.J.4    Brown, A.E.5    Calandra, T.6
  • 196
    • 0013877409 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative relationships between circulating leukocytes and infection in patients with acute leukemia
    • 5216294 1:STN:280:DyaF28%2Fnt1OmtQ%3D%3D 10.7326/0003-4819-64-2-328
    • Bodey GP, Buckley M, Sathe YS, Freireich EJ. Quantitative relationships between circulating leukocytes and infection in patients with acute leukemia. Ann Intern Med. 1966;64(2):328-40.
    • (1966) Ann Intern Med , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 328-340
    • Bodey, G.P.1    Buckley, M.2    Sathe, Y.S.3    Freireich, E.J.4
  • 197
    • 0035055406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hematopoietic growth factors in the older cancer patient
    • 11303151 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3ptVyqtw%3D%3D 10.1097/00062752-200105000- 00008
    • Balducci L, Hardy CL, Lyman GH. Hematopoietic growth factors in the older cancer patient. Curr Opin Hematol. 2001;8(3):170-87.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Hematol , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 170-187
    • Balducci, L.1    Hardy, C.L.2    Lyman, G.H.3
  • 198
    • 0028266978 scopus 로고
    • Impact of nutritional status on morbidity in a population of geriatric rehabilitation patients
    • 8176139 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3jtVyltA%3D%3D
    • Sullivan DH, Walls RC. Impact of nutritional status on morbidity in a population of geriatric rehabilitation patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994;42(5):471-7.
    • (1994) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 471-477
    • Sullivan, D.H.1    Walls, R.C.2
  • 199
    • 0029243759 scopus 로고
    • Impact of nutritional status on health outcomes of nursing home residents
    • 7836649 1:STN:280:DyaK2M7jvVequw%3D%3D
    • Sullivan DH. Impact of nutritional status on health outcomes of nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43(2):195-6.
    • (1995) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-196
    • Sullivan, D.H.1
  • 200
    • 0029040234 scopus 로고
    • Protein-energy undernutrition and the risk of mortality within one year of hospital discharge: A follow-up study
    • 7730532 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3ksl2kug%3D%3D
    • Sullivan DH, Walls RC, Bopp MM. Protein-energy undernutrition and the risk of mortality within one year of hospital discharge: a follow-up study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43(5):507-12.
    • (1995) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 507-512
    • Sullivan, D.H.1    Walls, R.C.2    Bopp, M.M.3
  • 201
    • 0028869145 scopus 로고
    • The role of nutrition in increased morbidity and mortality
    • 8556694 1:STN:280:DyaK287msFKisQ%3D%3D
    • Sullivan DH. The role of nutrition in increased morbidity and mortality. Clin Geriatr Med. 1995;11(4):661-74.
    • (1995) Clin Geriatr Med , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 661-674
    • Sullivan, D.H.1
  • 202
    • 0033970745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of protein energy malnutrition in older persons, part I: History, examination, body composition, and screening tools
    • 10674236 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7jvFWqsw%3D%3D 10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00224-5
    • Omran ML, Morley JE. Assessment of protein energy malnutrition in older persons, part I: history, examination, body composition, and screening tools. Nutrition. 2000;16(1):50-63.
    • (2000) Nutrition , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-63
    • Omran, M.L.1    Morley, J.E.2
  • 203
    • 0034471485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional management in long-term care: Development of a clinical guideline
    • Council for Nutritional Strategies in Long-Term Care
    • Thomas DR, Ashmen W, Morley JE, Evans WJ. Nutritional management in long-term care: development of a clinical guideline. Council for Nutritional Strategies in Long-Term Care. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000;55:M725-34.
    • (2000) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. , vol.55
    • Thomas, D.R.1    Ashmen, W.2    Morley, J.E.3    Evans, W.J.4
  • 204
    • 0021077205 scopus 로고
    • Benefits of supplementary tube feeding after fractured neck of femur: A randomised controlled trial
    • 1:STN:280:DyaL2c%2FlsVajsQ%3D%3D 10.1136/bmj.287.6405.1589
    • Bastow M, Rawlings J, Allison S. Benefits of supplementary tube feeding after fractured neck of femur: a randomised controlled trial. Br Med J. 1983;287:1589-92.
    • (1983) Br Med J , vol.287 , pp. 1589-1592
    • Bastow, M.1    Rawlings, J.2    Allison, S.3
  • 205
    • 0027953383 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional status of elderly patients during recovery from chest infection and the role of nutritional supplementation assessed by a prospective randomized single-blind trial
    • 8010171 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3nvFGhtg%3D%3D 10.1093/ageing/23.1.40
    • Woo J, Ho SC, Mak YT, Law LK, Cheung A. Nutritional status of elderly patients during recovery from chest infection and the role of nutritional supplementation assessed by a prospective randomized single-blind trial. Age Ageing. 1994;23(1):40-8.
    • (1994) Age Ageing , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-48
    • Woo, J.1    Ho, S.C.2    Mak, Y.T.3    Law, L.K.4    Cheung, A.5
  • 206
    • 0029126613 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of 2-year mortality among older male veterans on a geriatric rehabilitation unit
    • 7560703 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2FgtlKktA%3D%3D
    • McMurtry CT, Rosenthal A. Predictors of 2-year mortality among older male veterans on a geriatric rehabilitation unit. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43(10):1123-6.
    • (1995) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.43 , Issue.10 , pp. 1123-1126
    • McMurtry, C.T.1    Rosenthal, A.2
  • 207
    • 84920687849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of cachexia in the elderly
    • Mantovani G, Anker SD, Inui A, Morley JE, Fanelli FR, Scevola D, et al., editors Milan: Springer
    • Yeh S-S, Schuster MW. Treatment of cachexia in the elderly. In: Mantovani G, Anker SD, Inui A, Morley JE, Fanelli FR, Scevola D, et al., editors. Cachexia and wasting: a modern approach. link.springer.com. Milan: Springer; 2006. p. 701-17.
    • (2006) Cachexia and Wasting: A Modern Approach , pp. 701-717
    • Yeh, S.-S.1    Schuster, M.W.2
  • 209
    • 0036420831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of growth
    • 12464224 10.1053/beem.2002.0209
    • Cole TJ. Assessment of growth. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;16(3):383-98.
    • (2002) Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 383-398
    • Cole, T.J.1
  • 210
    • 0024434110 scopus 로고
    • Failure to thrive. A continuing problem of definition
    • 1:STN:280:DyaL1MzlsFKmtQ%3D%3D 10.1177/000992288902800901
    • Wilcox WD, Nieburg P, Miller DS. Failure to thrive. A continuing problem of definition. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1989;28(9):391-4.
    • (1989) Clin Pediatr (Phila) , vol.28 , Issue.9 , pp. 391-394
    • Wilcox, W.D.1    Nieburg, P.2    Miller, D.S.3
  • 212
    • 25144442114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5. Anorexia/cachexia-related quality of life for children with cancer
    • 16088963 10.1002/cncr.21315
    • Lai J-S, Cella D, Goldman S. 5. Anorexia/cachexia-related quality of life for children with cancer. Cancer. 2005;104(7):1531-9.
    • (2005) Cancer , vol.104 , Issue.7 , pp. 1531-1539
    • Lai, J.-S.1    Cella, D.2    Goldman, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.