National context and individual employees' trust of the out-group: The role of societal trust

Journal of International Business Studies

Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 312-333

  Muethel, Miriam ^a   Bond, Michael Harris ^b  

^a WHU OTTO BEISHEIM SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT   (Germany)

^b HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

cross cultural management; interpersonal trust; national culture

Indexed keywords

EID: 84877954200     PISSN: 00472506     EISSN: 14786990     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1057/jibs.2013.9     Document Type: Article

References (142)

1. Bachmann, R. 2010. Towards a context-sensitive approach to researching trust in inter-organizational relationships. In M. Saunders, D. Skinner, G. Dietz, N. Gillespie, & R. J. Lewicki (Eds) Organizational trust: A cross-cultural perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.
2. Bachmann, R., & Inkpen, A. C. 2011. Understanding institutional-based trust building processes in inter-organizational relationships. Organization Studies, 32(2): 281-301.
3. Barber, B. 1983. The logic and limits of trust. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
4. Bigley, G. A., & Pearce, J. L. 1998. Straining for shared meaning in organization science: Problems of trust and distrust. Academy of Management Review, 23(3): 405-421.
5. Bjørnskov, C. 2010. How does social trust lead to better governance? An attempt to separate electoral and bureaucratic mechanisms. Public Choice, 144(1): 323-346.
6. Bohnet, I., & Zeckhauser, R. 2004. Trust, risk and betrayal. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 55(4): 467-484.
7. Bond, M. H., & Forgas, J. P. 1984. Linking person perception to behavior intention across cultures: The role of cultural collectivism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 15(3): 337-352.
8. Bond, M. H., & Leung, K. 2009. Cultural mapping of beliefs about the world and their application to a social psychology involving culture: Futurescaping. In R.S. Wyer, C.-Y. Chiu, & Y.-Y. Hong (Eds), Understanding culture: Theory, research, and application. New York: Psychology Press.
9. Bond, M. H., & Muethel, M. 2012. Doing better research on organizational behaviour in Chinese cultural settings: Suggestions from the notebooks of two fellow-travellers. Management and Organization Review, 8(2): 455-475.
10. Brewer, M. B. 1999. The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love and outgroup hate? Journal of Social Issues, 55(3): 429-444.
11. Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. 2002. Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods, (2nd edn). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
12. Byrne, B. M. 2004. Testing for multigroup invariance using AMOS graphics: A road less traveled. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 11(2): 272-300.
13. Byrne, B. M. 2008. Testing for multigroup equivalence of a measuring instrument: A walk through the process. Psicothema, 20(4): 872-882.
14. Byrne, B. M. 2010. Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, application, and programming, (2nd edn). New York: Routledge.
15. Byrne, B. M., & Campbell, T. L. 1999. Cross-cultural comparisons and the presumption of equivalent measurement and theoretical structure: A look beneath the surface. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30(5): 555-574.
16. Byrne, B. M., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. 2010. Testing for measurement and structural equivalence in large-scale crosscultural studies: Addressing the issue of nonequivalence. International Journal of Testing, 10(2): 107-132.
17. Byrne, B. M., & Watkins, D. 2003. The issue of measurement invariance revisited. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34(2): 155-175.
18. Chen, C. C., Chen, X.-P., & Meindl, J. R. 1998. How can cooperation be fostered? The cultural effects of individualism-collectivism. Academy of Management Review, 23(2): 285-304.
19. Chen, F. F. 2007. Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(3): 464-504.
20. Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. 1999. Testing factorial invariance across groups: A reconceptualization and proposed new method. Journal of Management, 25(1): 1-27.
21. Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. 2002. Evaluating goodness-offit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2): 233-255.
22. Child, J., & Lu, Y. 1996. Institutional constraints on economic reform: The case of investment decisions in China. Organization Science, 7(1): 60-77.
23. Child, J., & Moellering, G. 2003. Contextual confidence and active trust development in the Chinese business environment. Organization Science, 14(1): 69-80.
24. Child, J., & Yan, Y. 1999. Investment and control in international joint ventures: The case of China. Journal of World Business, 34(1): 3-15.
25. Cronbach, L. 1951. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3): 297-334.
26. Cullen, J. B., Parboteeah, K. P., & Hoegl, M. 2004. Crossnational differences in managers' willingness to justify ethically suspect behaviors: A test of institutional anomie theory. Academy of Management Journal, 27(3): 411-421.
27. Das, T. K., & Teng, B.-S. 1998. Between trust and control: Developing confidence in partner cooperation in alliances. Academy of Management Review, 23(3): 491-512.
28. Davis, D. W. 2000. Individual level examination of postmaterialism in the US: Political tolerance, racial attitudes, environmentalism, and participatory norms. Political Research Quarterly, 53(3): 455-475.
29. Davis, D. W., Dowley, K. M., & Silver, B. D. 1999. Postmaterialism in world societies: Is it really a value dimension? American Journal of Political Science, 43(3): 935-962.
30. Delhey, J., Newton, K., & Welzel, C. 2011. How general is trust in "most people"? Solving the radius of trust problem and deriving a better measure. American Sociological Review, 76(5): 786-807.
31. Doney, P. M., Cannon, J. P., & Mullen, M. R. 1998. Understanding the influence of national culture on the development of trust. Academy of Management Review, 23(3): 601-620.
32. Durvasula, S., Netemeyer, R. G., Andrews, J. C., & Lysonski, S. 2006. Examining the cross-national applicability of multi-item, multi-dimensional measures using generalizability theory. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(4): 469-483.
33. Dyer, J. H. 2000. The determinants of trust in supplier-automaker relationships in the US, Japan, and Korea. Journal of International Business Studies, 31(2): 259-285.
34. Dyer, J. H., & Chu, W. 2003. The role of trustworthiness in reducing transaction costs and improving performance: Empirical evidence from the United States, Japan, and Korea. Organization Science, 14(1): 57-68.
35. Dyer, J. H., & Chu, W. 2011. The determinants of trust in supplier-automaker relationships in the US, Japan, and Korea. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(1): 10-27.
36. Ferrin, D. L., & Gillespie, N. 2010. Trust differences across multisocietal cultures: Much to do, or much ado about nothing? In M. Saunders, D. Skinner, G. Dietz, N. Gillespie, & R. J. Lewicki (Eds) Organizational trust: A cross-cultural perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.
37. Fischer, R. 2004. Standardization to account for cross-cultural response bias. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35(3): 263-282.
38. Fukuyama, F. 1995. Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: Free Press.
39. Gambetta, D. (Ed) 1988. Mafia: The price of distrust. In Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 158-175.
40. Gheorghiu, M. A., Vignoles, V. L., & Smith, P. B. 2009. Beyond the United States and Japan: Testing Yamagishi's emancipation theory of trust across 31 nations. Social Psychology Quarterly, 72(4): 365-383.
41. Gómez, C., Kirkman, B. L., & Shapiro, D. L. 2000. The impact of collectivism and in-group/out-group membership on the evaluation generosity of team members. Academy of Management Journal, 43(6): 1097-1106.
42. Grusec, J. E. 2002. Parenting socialization and children's acquisition of values. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed) Handbook of parenting: Vol. 5: Practical issues in parenting. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
43. Grusec, J. E., Goodnow, J. J., & Leon, 2000. New directions in analyses of parenting contributions to children's acquisition of values. Child Development, 71(1): 205-211.
44. Gulati, R., & Westphal, J. D. 1999. Cooperative or controlling? The effects of CEO-board relations and the content of interlocks on the formation of joint ventures. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(3): 473-506.
45. Hagen, J. M., & Choe, S. 1998. Trust in Japanese interfirm relations: Institutional sanctions matter. Academy of Management Review, 23(3): 589-600.
46. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. 2006. Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
47. Hofstede, G. 2003. Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations, (2nd edn). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
48. House, R., Hanges, P., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P., & Gupta, A. 2004. Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
49. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. 1999. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1): 1-55.
50. Huff, L., & Kelley, L. 2003. Levels of organizational trust in individualist versus collectivist societies: A seven-nation study. Organization Science, 14(1): 81-90.
51. Hughes, D., Rodriguez, J., Smith, E. P., Johnson, D. J., Stevenson, H. C., & Spicer, P. 2006. Parents' ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology, 42(5): 747-770.
52. Hult, G. T. M., Ketchen Jr., D. J., Griffith, D. A., Finnegan, C. A., Gonzalez-Padron, T., Harmancioglu, N., Huang, Y., Talay, M. B., & Cavusgil, S. T. 2008. Data equivalence in cross-cultural international business research: Assessment and guidelines. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(6): 1027-1044.
53. Inglehart, R. 1981. Post-materialism in an environment of insecurity. American Political Science Review, 75(4): 880-900.
54. Jansen, J. J. P., Tempelaar, M. P., van den Bosch, F. A. J., & Volberda, H. W. 2009. Structural differentiation and ambidexterity: The mediating role of integration mechanisms. Organization Science, 20(4): 797-811.
55. Johnson-George, C., & Swap, W. C. 1982. Measurement of specific interpersonal trust: Construction and validation of a scale to assess trust in a specific other. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(6): 1306-1317.
56. Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. 2010. The worldwide governance indicators: Methodology and analytical issues, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5430, World Bank, Washington, DC.
57. Knack, S., & Keefer, P. 1997. Does social capital have an economic payoff? A cross-country investigation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(4): 1251-1288.
58. Kochanska, G. 1993. Toward a synthesis of parental socialization and child temperament in early development of conscience. Child Development, 64(2): 325-347.
59. Kramer, R. M. 1999. Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging perspectives, enduring questions. Annual Review of Psychology, 50: 569-598.
60. Krishnan, R., Martin, X., & Noorderhaven, N. G. 2006. When does trust matter to alliance performance? Academy of Management Journal, 49(5): 894-917.
61. Lane, C., & Bachmann, R. 1996. The social constitution of trust: Supplier relations in Britain and Germany. Organization Studies, 17(3): 365-396.
62. Lane, C., & Bachmann, R. 1997. Co-operation in inter-firm relations in Britain and Germany: The role of social institutions. British Journal of Sociology, 48(2): 226-254.
63. La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. 1997. Trust in large organizations. American Economic Review, 87(2): 333-338.
64. Leong, S. M., Cote, J. A., Swee Hoon, A., Tan, S. J., Kwon, J., Kau, A. K., & Pornpitakpan, C. 2008. Understanding consumer animosity in an international crisis: Nature, antecedents, and consequences. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(6): 996-1009.
65. Leung, K., & Bond, M. H. 1984. The impact of cultural collectivism on reward allocation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(4): 793-804.
66. Leung, K., & Bond, M. H. 1989. On the empirical identification of dimensions for cross-cultural comparisons. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 20(2): 133-151.
67. Levine, J. M., & Moreland, R. L. 1994. Group socialization: Theory and research. European Review of Social Psychology, 5(1): 305-336.
68. Levine, R. V., Norenzayan, A., & Philbrick, K. 2001. Crosscultural differences in helping strangers. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(5): 543-560.
69. Lewicki, R. J., McAllister, D. J., & Bies, R. J. 1998. Trust and distrust: New relationships and realities. Academy of Management Review, 23(3): 438-458.
70. Li, J. J., Poppo, L., & Zhou, K. Z. 2010. Relational mechanisms, formal contracts, and local knowledge acquisition by international subsidiaries. Strategic Management Journal, 31(4): 349-370.
71. Lin, X., & Wang, C. L. 2008. Enforcement and performance: The role of ownership, legalism and trust in international joint ventures. Journal of World Business, 43(3): 340-351.
72. Lindell, M. K., & Whitney, D. J. 2001. Accounting for common method variance in cross-selectional research designs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1): 114-121.
73. Luo, J.-D. 2005. Particularistic trust and general trust: A network analysis in Chinese organizations. Management & Organization Review, 1(3): 437-458.
74. MacDuffie, J. P. 2011. Inter-organizational trust and the dynamics of distrust. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(1): 35-47.
75. Maddux, W. W., & Brewer, M. B. 2005. Gender differences in the relational and collective bases for trust. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 8(2): 159-171.
76. Malhotra, D., & Murnighan, J. K. 2002. The effects of contracts on interpersonal trust. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47(3): 534-559.
77. Markova, I., & Gillespie, A. 2008. Trust and distrust: Sociocultural perspectives. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
78. Martin, K. D., Cullen, J. B., Johnson, J. L., & Parboteeah, K. P. 2007. Deciding to bribe: A cross-level analysis of firm and home country influences on bribery activity. Academy of Management Journal, 50(6): 1401-1422.
79. Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. 1995. An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3): 709-734.
80. McKnight, D. H., Cummings, L. L., & Chervany, N. L. 1998. Initial trust formation in new organizational relationships. Academy of Management Review, 23(3): 473-490.
81. Mishler, W., & Rose, R. 2001. What are the origins of political trust? Comparative Political Studies, 34(1): 30-62.
82. Muethel, M., & Hoegl, M. 2007. Initial distrust: On the role of perceived dishonesty in international innovation teams. Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft (ZfB), Special Issue 4(4): 103-124.
83. Muethel, M., & Hoegl, M. 2012. The influence of social institutions on managers' concept of trust: Implications for trust-building in Sino-German relationships. Journal of World Business, 43(3): 420-434.
84. Muethel, M., Hoegl, M., & Parboteeah, K. P. 2011. National business ideology and employees' prosocial values. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(2): 183-201.
85. Nannestad, P. 2008. What have we learned about generalized trust, if anything? Annual Review of Political Science, 11: 413-436.
86. Nezlek, J. B. 2001. Multilevel random coefficient analyses of event-and interval-contingent data in social and personality psychology research. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(7): 771-785.
87. Parboteeah, K. P., & Cullen, J. B. 2003. Social institutions and work centrality: Explorations beyond national culture. Organization Science, 14(2): 137-148.
88. Parboteeah, K. P., Cullen, J. B., & Lim, L. 2004. Formal volunteering: A cross-national test. Journal of World Business, 39(4): 431-341.
89. Parboteeah, K. P., Cullen, J. B., Victor, B., & Sakano, T. 2005. National culture and ethical climates: A comparison of US and Japanese accounting firms. Management International Review, 45(4): 459-481.
90. Parboteeah, K. P., Hoegl, M., & Cullen, J. B. 2003. Social institutions and sanctioned behaviors: A cross-national study. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 44(3): 239-265.
91. Parboteeah, K. P., Hoegl, M., & Cullen, J. B. 2008. Managers' gender role attitudes: A country institutional profile approach. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(5): 795-813.
92. Parkhe, A., & Miller, S. R. 2000. The structure of optimal trust: A comment and some extensions. Academy of Management Review, 25(1): 10-11.
93. Peterson, M. F., & Castro, S. L. 2006. Measurement metrics at aggregate levels of analysis: Implications for organization culture research and the GLOBE project. Leadership Quarterly, 17(5): 506-521.
94. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Jeong-Yeon, L., & Podsakoff, N. P. 2003. Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5): 879-903.
95. Rafferty, A. E., & Griffin, M. A. 2004. Dimensions of transformational leadership: Conceptual and empirical extensions. Leadership Quarterly, 15(3): 329-354.
96. Rafferty, A. E., & Griffin, M. A. 2006. Refining individualized consideration: Distinguishing developmental leadership and supportive leadership. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 79(1): 37-61.
97. Ralston, D. A. 2008. The crossvergence perspective: Reflections and projections. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(1): 27-40.
98. Ralston, D., Egri, C., De La Garza Carranza, M., Ramburuth, P., Terpstra-tong, J., Pekerti, A., Girson, I., Herrig, H., Dabic, M., Tang, M., Wan, P., Hallinger, P., Palmer, I., Elenkov, D., Furrer, O., Potocan, V., Wangenheim, F., Maignan, I., Perrewé, P., Rossi, A., Lenartowicz, T., Ledgerwood, D., May, R., Weber, M., Jesuino, J., Fu, P., Naoumova, I., Casado, T., Riddle, L., Richards, M., Butt, A., Danis, W., Castro, F., Ruiz-gutiérrez, J., Milton, L., Ansari, M., Brock, D., Srinivasan, N., Starkus, A., Dalgic, T., León-darder, F., Thanh, H., Moon, Y., Chia, H., Christine Kuo, M., Molteni, M., Kangasniemi, M., Mellahi, K., & Wallace, 2009. Ethical preferences for influencing superiors: A 41-society study. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(6): 1022-1045.
99. Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. 2002. Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods, (2nd edn). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
100. Rensvold, R. B., & Cheung, G. W. 1998. Testing measurement models for factorial invariance: A systematic approach. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58(6): 1017-1034.
101. Rivas-Drake, D., Hughes, D., & Way, N. 2009. A preliminary analysis of associations among ethnic-racial socialization, ethnic discrimination, and ethnic identity among urban sixth graders. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(3): 558-584.
102. Robinson, R. V., & Jackson, E. F. 2001. Is trust in others declining in America? An age-period-cohort analysis. Social Science Research, 30(1): 117-145.
103. Ros, M., Schwartz, S. H., & Surkiss, 1999. Basic individual values, work values, and the meaning of work. Applied Psychology, 48(1): 49-71.
104. Rotenberg, K. J. 1995. The socialisation of trust: Parents' and children's interpersonal trust. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 18(4): 713-726.
105. Rotter, J. B. 1971. Generalized expectancies for interpersonal trust. American Psychologist, 26(5): 433-452.
106. Rousseau, D. M. 1985. Issues of level in organizational research: Multi-level and cross-level perspectives. Research in Organizational Behavior, 7(1): 1-37.
107. Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S. H. 1998. Determinants of readiness for out-group social contact: Dominance relations and minority group motivations. International Journal of Psychology, 33(5): 313-324.
108. Santannelo, G. D., & Meyer, K. E. 2011. Extending the internationalization process model: Increases and decreases of MNE commitment in emerging economies. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(7): 894-909.
109. Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. 2004. Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3): 293-315.
110. Schwartz, S. 2003. A proposal for measuring value orientations across nations. Core Questionnaire Development Report of the European Social Survey, European Science Foundation, http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org.
111. Singh, J. 1995. Measurement issues in cross-national research. Journal of International Business Studies, 26(3): 597-619.
112. Sitkin, S. B., & Roth, N. L. 1993. Explaining the limited effectiveness of legalistic "remedies" for trust/distrust. Organization Science, 4(3): 367-392.
113. Smith, P. B. 2004. Acquiescent response bias as an aspect of cultural communication style. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35(1): 50-61.
114. Steenkamp, J.-B. E. M., Batra, R., & Alden, D. L. 2003. How perceived brand globalness creates brand value. Journal of International Business Studies, 34(1): 53-65.
115. Steenkamp, J. B. E. M., & Baumgartner, H. 1998. Assessing measurement invariance in cross-national consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 25(1): 78-107.
116. Sutter, M., & Kocher, M. G. 2007. Trust and trustworthiness across different age groups. Games and Economic Behavior, 59(2): 364-382.
117. Tajfel, H., & Forgas, J. P. 2000. Social categorization: Cognitions, values and groups. In C. Stangor (Ed), Stereotypes and prejudice: 49-63. New York: Psychology Press.
118. Thomas, A. S., & Mueller, S. L. 2000. A case for comparative entrepreneurship: Assessing the relevance of culture. Journal of International Business Studies, 31(2): 287-301.
119. Tsui-Auch, L., & Möllering, G. 2010. Wary managers: Unfavorable environments, perceived vulnerability, and the development of trust in foreign enterprises in China. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(6): 1016-1035.
120. Turner, J. C. 1982. Towards a cognitive redefinition of the social group. In H. Tajfel (Ed) Social identity and intergroup relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
121. Turner, J. C. 1996. Social comparison and social identity: Some prospects for intergroup behaviour. NewYork: JohnWiley & Sons.
122. Uzzi, B. 1997. Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1): 35-67.
123. Vandenberg, R. J. 2002. Toward a further understanding of and improvement in measurement invariance methods and procedures. Organizational Research Methods, 5(2): 139-158.
124. Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. 2000. A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1): 4-70.
125. Van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Leung, K. 2000. Methodological issues in psychological research on culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31(1): 33-51.
126. Van de Vliert, E. 2011. Climato-economic origins of variation in ingroup favoritism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42(3): 494-515.
127. Water Integrity Network & Transparency International. 2010. Integrity pacts in the water sector: An implementation guide for government officials. Berlin: Transparency International.
128. Welch, M. R., Rivera, R. E., Conway, B. P., Yonkoski, J., Lupton, P. M., & Russel, G. 2005. Determinants and consequences of social trust. Sociological Inquiry, 75(4): 453-473.
129. Williams, L. J., Edwards, J. R., & Vandenberg, R. J. 2003. Recent advances in causal modeling methods for organizational and management research. Journal of Management, 29(6): 903-936.
130. Williams, L. J., Hartman, N., & Cavazotte, F. 2010. Method variance and marker variables: A review and comprehensive CFA marker technique. Organizational Research Methods, 13(3): 477-514.
131. Williams, M. 2001. In whom we trust: Group membership as an affective context for trust development. Academy of Management Review, 26(3): 377-396.
132. Wong, A., & Tjosvold, D. 2006. Collectivist values for learning in organizational relationships in china: The role of trust and vertical coordination. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23(3): 299-317.
133. Woolthuis, R. K., Hillebrand, B., & Nooteboom, B. 2005. Trust, contract and relationship development. Organization Studies, 26(6): 813-840.
134. Xin, K. K., & Pearce, J. L. 1996. Guanxi: Connections as substitutes for formal institutional support. Academy of Management Journal, 39(6): 1641-1658.
135. Yamagishi, T., Cook, K. S., & Watabe, M. 1998a. Uncertainty, trust, and commitment formation in the United States and Japan. American Journal of Sociology, 104(1): 165-194.
136. Yamagishi, T., Lin, N., & Miller, A. S. 1998b. In-group bias and culture of collectivism. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 1(3): 315-328.
137. Yuki, M., Maddux, W. W., Brewer, M. B., & Takemura, K. 2005. Cross-cultural differences in relationship-and groupbased trust. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(1): 48-62.
138. Zaheer, A., & Kamal, D. F. 2011. Creating trust in piranhainfested waters: The confluence of buyer, supplier and host country contexts. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(1): 48-55.
139. Zaheer, A., McEvily, B., & Perrone, V. 1998. Does trust matter? Exploring the effects of interorganizational and interpersonal trust on performance. Organization Science, 9(2): 141-159.
140. Zaheer, S., & Zaheer, A. 2006. Trust across borders. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(1): 21-29.
141. Zhang, J. X., & Bond, M. H. 1993. Target-based interpersonal trust: Cross-cultural comparison and its cognitive model. Acta Psychologia Sinica, 25(2): 164-172.
142. Zucker, L. G. 1986. Production of trust: Institutional sources of economic structure, 1840 to 1920. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.) Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 8: 53-112. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.