메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2013, Pages

Immune Activation Promotes Evolutionary Conservation of T-Cell Epitopes in HIV-1

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; EPITOPE; GAG PROTEIN; NEF PROTEIN; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 3; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 4B; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 5B; POL PROTEIN; VIRUS ENVELOPE PROTEIN; VIRUS PROTEIN;

EID: 84876966654     PISSN: 15449173     EISSN: 15457885     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001523     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (107)
  • 2
    • 0037456827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody neutralization and escape by HIV-1
    • Wei X, Decker JM, Wang S, Hui H, Kappes JC, et al. (2003) Antibody neutralization and escape by HIV-1. Nature 422: 307-312.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , pp. 307-312
    • Wei, X.1    Decker, J.M.2    Wang, S.3    Hui, H.4    Kappes, J.C.5
  • 3
    • 0028041344 scopus 로고
    • Virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity associated with control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Borrow P, Lewicki H, Hahn BH, Shaw GM, Oldstone MB, (1994) Virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity associated with control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol 68: 6103-6110.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 6103-6110
    • Borrow, P.1    Lewicki, H.2    Hahn, B.H.3    Shaw, G.M.4    Oldstone, M.B.5
  • 4
    • 10744226946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consistent cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte targeting of immunodominant regions in human immunodeficiency virus across multiple ethnicities
    • Frahm N, Korber BT, Adams CM, Szinger JJ, Draenert R, et al. (2004) Consistent cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte targeting of immunodominant regions in human immunodeficiency virus across multiple ethnicities. J Virol 78: 2187-2200.
    • (2004) J Virol , vol.78 , pp. 2187-2200
    • Frahm, N.1    Korber, B.T.2    Adams, C.M.3    Szinger, J.J.4    Draenert, R.5
  • 5
    • 0028337166 scopus 로고
    • Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome
    • Koup RA, Safrit JT, Cao Y, Andrews CA, McLeod G, et al. (1994) Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome. J Virol 68: 4650-4655.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 4650-4655
    • Koup, R.A.1    Safrit, J.T.2    Cao, Y.3    Andrews, C.A.4    McLeod, G.5
  • 6
    • 7144227284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and plasma load of viral RNA
    • Ogg GS, Jin X, Bonhoeffer S, Dunbar PR, Nowak MA, et al. (1998) Quantitation of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and plasma load of viral RNA. Science 279: 2103-2106.
    • (1998) Science , vol.279 , pp. 2103-2106
    • Ogg, G.S.1    Jin, X.2    Bonhoeffer, S.3    Dunbar, P.R.4    Nowak, M.A.5
  • 7
    • 37049027525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preserved central memory and activated effector memory CD4+ T-cell subsets in human immunodeficiency virus controllers: an ANRS EP36 study
    • Potter SJ, Lacabaratz C, Lambotte O, Perez-Patrigeon S, Vingert B, et al. (2007) Preserved central memory and activated effector memory CD4+ T-cell subsets in human immunodeficiency virus controllers: an ANRS EP36 study. J Virol 81: 13904-13915.
    • (2007) J Virol , vol.81 , pp. 13904-13915
    • Potter, S.J.1    Lacabaratz, C.2    Lambotte, O.3    Perez-Patrigeon, S.4    Vingert, B.5
  • 8
    • 0033524838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of viremia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection by CD8+ lymphocytes
    • Schmitz JE, Kuroda MJ, Santra S, Sasseville VG, Simon MA, et al. (1999) Control of viremia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection by CD8+ lymphocytes. Science 283: 857-860.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 857-860
    • Schmitz, J.E.1    Kuroda, M.J.2    Santra, S.3    Sasseville, V.G.4    Simon, M.A.5
  • 9
    • 77649245149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV controller CD4+ T cells respond to minimal amounts of Gag antigen due to high TCR avidity
    • doi:1371/journal.pone.0055570
    • Vingert B, Perez-Patrigeon S, Jeannin P, Lambotte O, Boufassa F, et al. (2010) HIV controller CD4+ T cells respond to minimal amounts of Gag antigen due to high TCR avidity. PLoS Pathog 6: e1000780 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055570.
    • (2010) PLoS Pathog , vol.6
    • Vingert, B.1    Perez-Patrigeon, S.2    Jeannin, P.3    Lambotte, O.4    Boufassa, F.5
  • 10
    • 59649108841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective HLA class I alleles that restrict acute-phase CD8+ T-cell responses are associated with viral escape mutations located in highly conserved regions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Wang YE, Li B, Carlson JM, Streeck H, Gladden AD, et al. (2009) Protective HLA class I alleles that restrict acute-phase CD8+ T-cell responses are associated with viral escape mutations located in highly conserved regions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 83: 1845-1855.
    • (2009) J Virol , vol.83 , pp. 1845-1855
    • Wang, Y.E.1    Li, B.2    Carlson, J.M.3    Streeck, H.4    Gladden, A.D.5
  • 11
    • 0038581912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of HLA genotype on AIDS
    • Carrington M, O'Brien SJ, (2003) The influence of HLA genotype on AIDS. Annu Rev Med 54: 535-551.
    • (2003) Annu Rev Med , vol.54 , pp. 535-551
    • Carrington, M.1    O'Brien, S.J.2
  • 12
    • 16944366524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late escape from an immunodominant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response associated with progression to AIDS
    • Goulder PJ, Phillips RE, Colbert RA, McAdam S, Ogg G, et al. (1997) Late escape from an immunodominant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response associated with progression to AIDS. Nat Med 3: 212-217.
    • (1997) Nat Med , vol.3 , pp. 212-217
    • Goulder, P.J.1    Phillips, R.E.2    Colbert, R.A.3    McAdam, S.4    Ogg, G.5
  • 13
    • 48749103238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of MHC class I diversity on immune control of immunodeficiency virus replication
    • Goulder PJ, Watkins DI, (2008) Impact of MHC class I diversity on immune control of immunodeficiency virus replication. Nat Rev Immunol 8: 619-630.
    • (2008) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.8 , pp. 619-630
    • Goulder, P.J.1    Watkins, D.I.2
  • 14
    • 69249211230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cell vaccine strategies for human immunodeficiency virus, the virus with a thousand faces
    • Korber BT, Letvin NL, Haynes BF, (2009) T-cell vaccine strategies for human immunodeficiency virus, the virus with a thousand faces. J Virol 83: 8300-8314.
    • (2009) J Virol , vol.83 , pp. 8300-8314
    • Korber, B.T.1    Letvin, N.L.2    Haynes, B.F.3
  • 15
    • 27144513224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective escape from CD8+ T-cell responses represents a major driving force of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequence diversity and reveals constraints on HIV-1 evolution
    • Allen TM, Altfeld M, Geer SC, Kalife ET, Moore C, et al. (2005) Selective escape from CD8+ T-cell responses represents a major driving force of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequence diversity and reveals constraints on HIV-1 evolution. J Virol 79: 13239-13249.
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 13239-13249
    • Allen, T.M.1    Altfeld, M.2    Geer, S.C.3    Kalife, E.T.4    Moore, C.5
  • 16
    • 23844539631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus mutations during the first month of infection are preferentially found in known cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes
    • Bernardin F, Kong D, Peddada L, Baxter-Lowe LA, Delwart E, (2005) Human immunodeficiency virus mutations during the first month of infection are preferentially found in known cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes. J Virol 79: 11523-11528.
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 11523-11528
    • Bernardin, F.1    Kong, D.2    Peddada, L.3    Baxter-Lowe, L.A.4    Delwart, E.5
  • 17
    • 34547643061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of differential HLA class I-mediated viral evolution in functional and accessory/regulatory genes of HIV-1
    • doi:1371/journal.ppat.0030121
    • Brumme ZL, Brumme CJ, Heckerman D, Korber BT, Daniels M, et al. (2007) Evidence of differential HLA class I-mediated viral evolution in functional and accessory/regulatory genes of HIV-1. PLoS Pathog 3: e94 doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030121.
    • (2007) PLoS Pathog , vol.3
    • Brumme, Z.L.1    Brumme, C.J.2    Heckerman, D.3    Korber, B.T.4    Daniels, M.5
  • 18
    • 10644267588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant influence of HLA-B in mediating the potential co-evolution of HIV and HLA
    • Kiepiela P, Leslie AJ, Honeyborne I, Ramduth D, Thobakgale C, et al. (2004) Dominant influence of HLA-B in mediating the potential co-evolution of HIV and HLA. Nature 432: 769-775.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 769-775
    • Kiepiela, P.1    Leslie, A.J.2    Honeyborne, I.3    Ramduth, D.4    Thobakgale, C.5
  • 19
    • 0033012398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokine receptors as HIV-1 coreceptors: roles in viral entry, tropism, and disease
    • Berger EA, Murphy PM, Farber JM, (1999) Chemokine receptors as HIV-1 coreceptors: roles in viral entry, tropism, and disease. Annu Rev Immunol 17: 657-700.
    • (1999) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.17 , pp. 657-700
    • Berger, E.A.1    Murphy, P.M.2    Farber, J.M.3
  • 20
    • 0037302428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive epitope analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific T-cell responses directed against the entire expressed HIV-1 genome demonstrate broadly directed responses, but no correlation to viral load
    • Addo MM, Yu XG, Rathod A, Cohen D, Eldridge RL, et al. (2003) Comprehensive epitope analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific T-cell responses directed against the entire expressed HIV-1 genome demonstrate broadly directed responses, but no correlation to viral load. J Virol 77: 2081-2092.
    • (2003) J Virol , vol.77 , pp. 2081-2092
    • Addo, M.M.1    Yu, X.G.2    Rathod, A.3    Cohen, D.4    Eldridge, R.L.5
  • 21
    • 38849161512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrative bioinformatic approach for studying escape mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag in the Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort
    • Peters HO, Mendoza MG, Capina RE, Luo M, Mao X, et al. (2008) An integrative bioinformatic approach for studying escape mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag in the Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort. J Virol 82: 1980-1992.
    • (2008) J Virol , vol.82 , pp. 1980-1992
    • Peters, H.O.1    Mendoza, M.G.2    Capina, R.E.3    Luo, M.4    Mao, X.5
  • 22
    • 4344597778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD8+ T lymphocyte responses target functionally important regions of Protease and Integrase in HIV-1 infected subjects
    • Rodríguez WR, Addo MM, Rathod A, Fitzpatrick CA, Yu XG, et al. (2004) CD8+ T lymphocyte responses target functionally important regions of Protease and Integrase in HIV-1 infected subjects. J Transl Med 2: 15.
    • (2004) J Transl Med , vol.2 , pp. 15
    • Rodríguez, W.R.1    Addo, M.M.2    Rathod, A.3    Fitzpatrick, C.A.4    Yu, X.G.5
  • 23
    • 0036340475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clustering patterns of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteins reveal imprints of immune evasion on HIV-1 global variation
    • Yusim K, Kesmir C, Gaschen B, Addo MM, Altfeld M, et al. (2002) Clustering patterns of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteins reveal imprints of immune evasion on HIV-1 global variation. J Virol 76: 8757-8768.
    • (2002) J Virol , vol.76 , pp. 8757-8768
    • Yusim, K.1    Kesmir, C.2    Gaschen, B.3    Addo, M.M.4    Altfeld, M.5
  • 24
    • 0029095624 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection on the gag, pol, and env genes of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)
    • Seibert SA, Howell CY, Hughes MK, Hughes AL, (1995) Natural selection on the gag, pol, and env genes of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Mol Biol Evol 12: 803-813.
    • (1995) Mol Biol Evol , vol.12 , pp. 803-813
    • Seibert, S.A.1    Howell, C.Y.2    Hughes, M.K.3    Hughes, A.L.4
  • 26
    • 79951944809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflicting selection pressures on T-cell epitopes in HIV-1 subtype B
    • Irausquin SJ, Hughes AL, (2011) Conflicting selection pressures on T-cell epitopes in HIV-1 subtype B. Infect Genet Evol 11: 483-488.
    • (2011) Infect Genet Evol , vol.11 , pp. 483-488
    • Irausquin, S.J.1    Hughes, A.L.2
  • 27
    • 80055055652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping of positive selection sites in the HIV-1 genome in the context of RNA and protein structural constraints
    • Snoeck J, Fellay J, Bartha I, Douek DC, Telenti A, (2011) Mapping of positive selection sites in the HIV-1 genome in the context of RNA and protein structural constraints. Retrovirology 8: 87.
    • (2011) Retrovirology , vol.8 , pp. 87
    • Snoeck, J.1    Fellay, J.2    Bartha, I.3    Douek, D.C.4    Telenti, A.5
  • 28
    • 0038806352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific T-cell responses to highly variable regions by using peptides based on autologous virus sequences
    • Altfeld M, Addo MM, Shankarappa R, Lee PK, Allen TM, et al. (2003) Enhanced detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific T-cell responses to highly variable regions by using peptides based on autologous virus sequences. J Virol 77: 7330-7340.
    • (2003) J Virol , vol.77 , pp. 7330-7340
    • Altfeld, M.1    Addo, M.M.2    Shankarappa, R.3    Lee, P.K.4    Allen, T.M.5
  • 29
    • 0037934475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential proteasomal processing of hydrophobic and hydrophilic protein regions: contribution to cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope clustering in HIV-1-Nef
    • Lucchiari-Hartz M, Lindo V, Hitziger N, Gaedicke S, Saveanu L, et al. (2003) Differential proteasomal processing of hydrophobic and hydrophilic protein regions: contribution to cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope clustering in HIV-1-Nef. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 7755-7760.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 7755-7760
    • Lucchiari-Hartz, M.1    Lindo, V.2    Hitziger, N.3    Gaedicke, S.4    Saveanu, L.5
  • 30
    • 78649411452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints on HIV-1 diversity from protein structure
    • Woo J, Robertson DL, Lovell SC, (2010) Constraints on HIV-1 diversity from protein structure. J Virol 84: 12995-13003.
    • (2010) J Virol , vol.84 , pp. 12995-13003
    • Woo, J.1    Robertson, D.L.2    Lovell, S.C.3
  • 31
    • 0037165967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV/AIDS. HLA leaves its footprints on HIV
    • McMichael A, Klenerman P, (2002) HIV/AIDS. HLA leaves its footprints on HIV. Science 296: 1410-1411.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 1410-1411
    • McMichael, A.1    Klenerman, P.2
  • 32
    • 55849136510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The specificity and polymorphism of the MHC class I prevents the global adaptation of HIV-1 to the monomorphic proteasome and TAP
    • doi:1371/journal.pone.0003525
    • Schmid BV, Kesmir C, de Boer RJ, (2008) The specificity and polymorphism of the MHC class I prevents the global adaptation of HIV-1 to the monomorphic proteasome and TAP. PLoS ONE 3: e3525 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003525.
    • (2008) PLoS ONE , vol.3
    • Schmid, B.V.1    Kesmir, C.2    de Boer, R.J.3
  • 33
    • 0346373759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unifying the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of pathogens
    • Grenfell BT, Pybus OG, Gog JR, Wood JL, Daly JM, et al. (2004) Unifying the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of pathogens. Science 303: 327-332.
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 327-332
    • Grenfell, B.T.1    Pybus, O.G.2    Gog, J.R.3    Wood, J.L.4    Daly, J.M.5
  • 34
    • 0036297139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic evidence for adaptive evolution of dengue viruses in nature
    • Twiddy SS, Woelk CH, Holmes EC, (2002) Phylogenetic evidence for adaptive evolution of dengue viruses in nature. J Gen Virol 83: 1679-1689.
    • (2002) J Gen Virol , vol.83 , pp. 1679-1689
    • Twiddy, S.S.1    Woelk, C.H.2    Holmes, E.C.3
  • 35
    • 0028048620 scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin gene of human influenza A viruses
    • Ina Y, Gojobori T, (1994) Statistical analysis of nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin gene of human influenza A viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 8388-8392.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 8388-8392
    • Ina, Y.1    Gojobori, T.2
  • 36
    • 80052153094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genomic rate of molecular adaptation of the human influenza A virus
    • Bhatt S, Holmes EC, Pybus OG, (2011) The genomic rate of molecular adaptation of the human influenza A virus. Mol Biol Evol 28: 2443-2451.
    • (2011) Mol Biol Evol , vol.28 , pp. 2443-2451
    • Bhatt, S.1    Holmes, E.C.2    Pybus, O.G.3
  • 37
    • 79958121692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD8+ T-cell response promotes evolution of hepatitis C virus nonstructural proteins
    • Ruhl M, Knuschke T, Schewior K, Glavinic L, Neumann-Haefelin C, et al. (2011) CD8+ T-cell response promotes evolution of hepatitis C virus nonstructural proteins. Gastroenterology 140: 2064-2073.
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.140 , pp. 2064-2073
    • Ruhl, M.1    Knuschke, T.2    Schewior, K.3    Glavinic, L.4    Neumann-Haefelin, C.5
  • 39
    • 77953901782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonprogressive and progressive primate immunodeficiency lentivirus infections
    • Brenchley JM, Silvestri G, Douek DC, (2010) Nonprogressive and progressive primate immunodeficiency lentivirus infections. Immunity 32: 737-742.
    • (2010) Immunity , vol.32 , pp. 737-742
    • Brenchley, J.M.1    Silvestri, G.2    Douek, D.C.3
  • 40
    • 34547752932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low immune activation despite high levels of pathogenic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 results in long-term asymptomatic disease
    • Choudhary SK, Vrisekoop N, Jansen CA, Otto SA, Schuitemaker H, et al. (2007) Low immune activation despite high levels of pathogenic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 results in long-term asymptomatic disease. J Virol 81: 8838-8842.
    • (2007) J Virol , vol.81 , pp. 8838-8842
    • Choudhary, S.K.1    Vrisekoop, N.2    Jansen, C.A.3    Otto, S.A.4    Schuitemaker, H.5
  • 41
    • 45749156336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Availability of activated CD4+ T cells dictates the level of viremia in naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys
    • Klatt NR, Villinger F, Bostik P, Gordon SN, Pereira L, et al. (2008) Availability of activated CD4+ T cells dictates the level of viremia in naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys. J Clin Invest 118: 2039-2049.
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , pp. 2039-2049
    • Klatt, N.R.1    Villinger, F.2    Bostik, P.3    Gordon, S.N.4    Pereira, L.5
  • 42
    • 0025238945 scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 replication is controlled at the level of T cell activation and proviral integration
    • Stevenson M, Stanwick TL, Dempsey MP, Lamonica CA, (1990) HIV-1 replication is controlled at the level of T cell activation and proviral integration. EMBO J 9: 1551-1560.
    • (1990) EMBO J , vol.9 , pp. 1551-1560
    • Stevenson, M.1    Stanwick, T.L.2    Dempsey, M.P.3    Lamonica, C.A.4
  • 43
    • 0017664865 scopus 로고
    • Cellular functions are required for the synthesis and integration of avian sarcoma virus-specific DNA
    • Varmus HE, Padgett T, Heasley S, Simon G, Bishop JM, (1977) Cellular functions are required for the synthesis and integration of avian sarcoma virus-specific DNA. Cell 11: 307-319.
    • (1977) Cell , vol.11 , pp. 307-319
    • Varmus, H.E.1    Padgett, T.2    Heasley, S.3    Simon, G.4    Bishop, J.M.5
  • 44
    • 70350148394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding HIV-1 latency provides clues for the eradication of long-term reservoirs
    • Coiras M, López-Huertas MR, Pérez-Olmeda M, Alcamí J, (2009) Understanding HIV-1 latency provides clues for the eradication of long-term reservoirs. Nat Rev Microbiol 7: 798-812.
    • (2009) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.7 , pp. 798-812
    • Coiras, M.1    López-Huertas, M.R.2    Pérez-Olmeda, M.3    Alcamí, J.4
  • 45
    • 0025342694 scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 entry into quiescent primary lymphocytes: molecular analysis reveals a labile, latent viral structure
    • Zack JA, Arrigo SJ, Weitsman SR, Go AS, Haislip A, et al. (1990) HIV-1 entry into quiescent primary lymphocytes: molecular analysis reveals a labile, latent viral structure. Cell 61: 213-222.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.61 , pp. 213-222
    • Zack, J.A.1    Arrigo, S.J.2    Weitsman, S.R.3    Go, A.S.4    Haislip, A.5
  • 46
    • 0026526144 scopus 로고
    • Incompletely reverse-transcribed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes in quiescent cells can function as intermediates in the retroviral life cycle
    • Zack JA, Haislip AM, Krogstad P, Chen IS, (1992) Incompletely reverse-transcribed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes in quiescent cells can function as intermediates in the retroviral life cycle. J Virol 66: 1717-1725.
    • (1992) J Virol , vol.66 , pp. 1717-1725
    • Zack, J.A.1    Haislip, A.M.2    Krogstad, P.3    Chen, I.S.4
  • 47
    • 1842782773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of substrate availability and infection of resting and activated CD4+ T cells in transmission and acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Zhang ZQ, Wietgrefe SW, Li Q, Shore MD, Duan L, et al. (2004) Roles of substrate availability and infection of resting and activated CD4+ T cells in transmission and acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 5640-5645.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 5640-5645
    • Zhang, Z.Q.1    Wietgrefe, S.W.2    Li, Q.3    Shore, M.D.4    Duan, L.5
  • 48
    • 79953287765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multiple facets of HIV attachment to dendritic cell lectins
    • Tsegaye TS, Pohlmann S, (2010) The multiple facets of HIV attachment to dendritic cell lectins. Cell Microbiol 12: 1553-1561.
    • (2010) Cell Microbiol , vol.12 , pp. 1553-1561
    • Tsegaye, T.S.1    Pohlmann, S.2
  • 49
    • 33750378183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic-cell interactions with HIV: infection and viral dissemination
    • Wu L, KewalRamani VN, (2006) Dendritic-cell interactions with HIV: infection and viral dissemination. Nat Rev Immunol 6: 859-868.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 859-868
    • Wu, L.1    KewalRamani, V.N.2
  • 50
    • 33645768069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inefficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated killing of HIV-1-infected cells in vivo
    • doi:1371/journal.pbio.0040090
    • Asquith B, Edwards CT, Lipsitch M, McLean AR, (2006) Inefficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated killing of HIV-1-infected cells in vivo. PLoS Biol 4: e90 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040090.
    • (2006) PLoS Biol , vol.4
    • Asquith, B.1    Edwards, C.T.2    Lipsitch, M.3    McLean, A.R.4
  • 51
    • 80055017715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness costs and diversity of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response determine the rate of CTL escape during acute and chronic phases of HIV infection
    • Ganusov VV, Goonetilleke N, Liu MK, Ferrari G, Shaw GM, et al. (2011) Fitness costs and diversity of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response determine the rate of CTL escape during acute and chronic phases of HIV infection. J Virol 85: 10518-10528.
    • (2011) J Virol , vol.85 , pp. 10518-10528
    • Ganusov, V.V.1    Goonetilleke, N.2    Liu, M.K.3    Ferrari, G.4    Shaw, G.M.5
  • 52
    • 67449147145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first T cell response to transmitted/founder virus contributes to the control of acute viremia in HIV-1 infection
    • Goonetilleke N, Liu MK, Salazar-González JF, Ferrari G, Giorgi E, et al. (2009) The first T cell response to transmitted/founder virus contributes to the control of acute viremia in HIV-1 infection. J Exp Med 206: 1253-1272.
    • (2009) J Exp Med , vol.206 , pp. 1253-1272
    • Goonetilleke, N.1    Liu, M.K.2    Salazar-González, J.F.3    Ferrari, G.4    Giorgi, E.5
  • 53
    • 77955289219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent associations between CTL and T-Helper epitopes in HIV-1 genomes and implications for multi-epitope vaccine designs
    • Paul S, Piontkivska H, (2010) Frequent associations between CTL and T-Helper epitopes in HIV-1 genomes and implications for multi-epitope vaccine designs. BMC Microbiol 10: 212.
    • (2010) BMC Microbiol , vol.10 , pp. 212
    • Paul, S.1    Piontkivska, H.2
  • 54
    • 68449092202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Architecture and secondary structure of an entire HIV-1 RNA genome
    • Watts JM, Dang KK, Gorelick RJ, Leonard CW, Bess JW Jr, et al. (2009) Architecture and secondary structure of an entire HIV-1 RNA genome. Nature 460: 711-716.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.460 , pp. 711-716
    • Watts, J.M.1    Dang, K.K.2    Gorelick, R.J.3    Leonard, C.W.4    Bess Jr., J.W.5
  • 55
    • 64049089430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitating the multiplicity of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C reveals a non-poisson distribution of transmitted variants
    • Abrahams MR, Anderson JA, Giorgi EE, Seoighe C, Mlisana K, et al. (2009) Quantitating the multiplicity of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C reveals a non-poisson distribution of transmitted variants. J Virol 83: 3556-3567.
    • (2009) J Virol , vol.83 , pp. 3556-3567
    • Abrahams, M.R.1    Anderson, J.A.2    Giorgi, E.E.3    Seoighe, C.4    Mlisana, K.5
  • 56
    • 59249096215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory genital infections mitigate a severe genetic bottleneck in heterosexual transmission of subtype A and C HIV-1
    • doi:1371/journal.ppat.1000274
    • Haaland RE, Hawkins PA, Salazar-González J, Johnson A, Tichacek A, et al. (2009) Inflammatory genital infections mitigate a severe genetic bottleneck in heterosexual transmission of subtype A and C HIV-1. PLoS Pathog 5: e1000274 doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000274.
    • (2009) PLoS Pathog , vol.5
    • Haaland, R.E.1    Hawkins, P.A.2    Salazar-González, J.3    Johnson, A.4    Tichacek, A.5
  • 57
    • 44649102135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of transmitted and early founder virus envelopes in primary HIV-1 infection
    • Keele BF, Giorgi EE, Salazar-González JF, Decker JM, Pham KT, et al. (2008) Identification and characterization of transmitted and early founder virus envelopes in primary HIV-1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 7552-7557.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 7552-7557
    • Keele, B.F.1    Giorgi, E.E.2    Salazar-González, J.F.3    Decker, J.M.4    Pham, K.T.5
  • 58
    • 21344442507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular immune selection with hepatitis C virus persistence in humans
    • Cox AL, Mosbruger T, Mao Q, Liu Z, Wang XH, et al. (2005) Cellular immune selection with hepatitis C virus persistence in humans. J Exp Med 201: 1741-1752.
    • (2005) J Exp Med , vol.201 , pp. 1741-1752
    • Cox, A.L.1    Mosbruger, T.2    Mao, Q.3    Liu, Z.4    Wang, X.H.5
  • 59
    • 18244397979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The outcome of hepatitis C virus infection is predicted by escape mutations in epitopes targeted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
    • Erickson AL, Kimura Y, Igarashi S, Eichelberger J, Houghton M, et al. (2001) The outcome of hepatitis C virus infection is predicted by escape mutations in epitopes targeted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Immunity 15: 883-895.
    • (2001) Immunity , vol.15 , pp. 883-895
    • Erickson, A.L.1    Kimura, Y.2    Igarashi, S.3    Eichelberger, J.4    Houghton, M.5
  • 60
    • 33750735455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of viral adaptation to HLA class I-restricted immune pressure in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
    • Gaudieri S, Rauch A, Park LP, Freitas E, Herrmann S, et al. (2006) Evidence of viral adaptation to HLA class I-restricted immune pressure in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol 80: 11094-11104.
    • (2006) J Virol , vol.80 , pp. 11094-11104
    • Gaudieri, S.1    Rauch, A.2    Park, L.P.3    Freitas, E.4    Herrmann, S.5
  • 61
    • 79151474495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of immune pressure on hepatitis C virus evolution: insights from a single-source outbreak
    • Merani S, Petrovic D, James I, Chopra A, Cooper D, et al. (2011) Effect of immune pressure on hepatitis C virus evolution: insights from a single-source outbreak. Hepatology 53: 396-405.
    • (2011) Hepatology , vol.53 , pp. 396-405
    • Merani, S.1    Petrovic, D.2    James, I.3    Chopra, A.4    Cooper, D.5
  • 62
    • 70350048559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent adaptation of hepatitis C virus genotypes 1 and 3 to human leukocyte antigen-restricted immune pressure
    • Rauch A, James I, Pfafferott K, Nolan D, Klenerman P, et al. (2009) Divergent adaptation of hepatitis C virus genotypes 1 and 3 to human leukocyte antigen-restricted immune pressure. Hepatology 50: 1017-1029.
    • (2009) Hepatology , vol.50 , pp. 1017-1029
    • Rauch, A.1    James, I.2    Pfafferott, K.3    Nolan, D.4    Klenerman, P.5
  • 63
    • 58749109022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus immune escape via exploitation of a hole in the T cell repertoire
    • Wolfl M, Rutebemberwa A, Mosbruger T, Mao Q, Li HM, et al. (2008) Hepatitis C virus immune escape via exploitation of a hole in the T cell repertoire. J Immunol 181: 6435-6446.
    • (2008) J Immunol , vol.181 , pp. 6435-6446
    • Wolfl, M.1    Rutebemberwa, A.2    Mosbruger, T.3    Mao, Q.4    Li, H.M.5
  • 64
    • 0029008971 scopus 로고
    • Infection frequency of dendritic cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes in spleens of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients
    • McIlroy D, Autran B, Cheynier R, Wain-Hobson S, Clauvel JP, et al. (1995) Infection frequency of dendritic cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes in spleens of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. J Virol 69: 4737-4745.
    • (1995) J Virol , vol.69 , pp. 4737-4745
    • McIlroy, D.1    Autran, B.2    Cheynier, R.3    Wain-Hobson, S.4    Clauvel, J.P.5
  • 66
    • 33745800860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential infection shortens the life span of human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD4+ T cells in vivo
    • Brenchley JM, Ruff LE, Casazza JP, Koup RA, Price DA, et al. (2006) Preferential infection shortens the life span of human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD4+ T cells in vivo. J Virol 80: 6801-6809.
    • (2006) J Virol , vol.80 , pp. 6801-6809
    • Brenchley, J.M.1    Ruff, L.E.2    Casazza, J.P.3    Koup, R.A.4    Price, D.A.5
  • 67
    • 48249088137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of immune escape during HIV/SIV infection
    • doi:1371/journal.pcbi.1000103
    • Althaus CL, de Boer RJ, (2008) Dynamics of immune escape during HIV/SIV infection. PLoS Comput Biol 4: e1000103 doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000103.
    • (2008) PLoS Comput Biol , vol.4
    • Althaus, C.L.1    de Boer, R.J.2
  • 68
    • 0035934874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of antigenic stimulation and cytotoxic T cell activity in regulating the long-term immunopathogenesis of HIV: mechanisms and clinical implications
    • Fraser C, Ferguson NM, de Wolf F, Anderson RM, (2001) The role of antigenic stimulation and cytotoxic T cell activity in regulating the long-term immunopathogenesis of HIV: mechanisms and clinical implications. Proc Biol Sci 268: 2085-2095.
    • (2001) Proc Biol Sci , vol.268 , pp. 2085-2095
    • Fraser, C.1    Ferguson, N.M.2    de Wolf, F.3    Anderson, R.M.4
  • 71
    • 0026605594 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory control values for CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. Implications for HIV-1 diagnosis
    • Bofill M, Janossy G, Lee CA, MacDonald-Burns D, Phillips AN, et al. (1992) Laboratory control values for CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. Implications for HIV-1 diagnosis. Clin Exp Immunol 88: 243-252.
    • (1992) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.88 , pp. 243-252
    • Bofill, M.1    Janossy, G.2    Lee, C.A.3    MacDonald-Burns, D.4    Phillips, A.N.5
  • 72
    • 0028874048 scopus 로고
    • Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection
    • Ho DD, Neumann AU, Perelson AS, Chen W, Leonard JM, et al. (1995) Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. Nature 373: 123-126.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 123-126
    • Ho, D.D.1    Neumann, A.U.2    Perelson, A.S.3    Chen, W.4    Leonard, J.M.5
  • 73
    • 0037385686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel antiviral intervention results in more accurate assessment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication dynamics and T-cell decay in vivo
    • Markowitz M, Louie M, Hurley A, Sun E, Di MM, et al. (2003) A novel antiviral intervention results in more accurate assessment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication dynamics and T-cell decay in vivo. J Virol 77: 5037-5038.
    • (2003) J Virol , vol.77 , pp. 5037-5038
    • Markowitz, M.1    Louie, M.2    Hurley, A.3    Sun, E.4    Di, M.M.5
  • 74
    • 0029967721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time
    • Perelson AS, Neumann AU, Markowitz M, Leonard JM, Ho DD, (1996) HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time. Science 271: 1582-1586.
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 1582-1586
    • Perelson, A.S.1    Neumann, A.U.2    Markowitz, M.3    Leonard, J.M.4    Ho, D.D.5
  • 76
    • 0028811974 scopus 로고
    • Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Wei X, Ghosh SK, Taylor ME, Johnson VA, Emini EA, et al. (1995) Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nature 373: 117-122.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 117-122
    • Wei, X.1    Ghosh, S.K.2    Taylor, M.E.3    Johnson, V.A.4    Emini, E.A.5
  • 77
    • 67650921764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 life cycle through age-structured modeling: life span of infected cells, viral generation time, and basic reproductive number, R0
    • Althaus CL, De Vos AS, de Boer RJ, (2009) Reassessing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 life cycle through age-structured modeling: life span of infected cells, viral generation time, and basic reproductive number, R0. J Virol 83: 7659-7667.
    • (2009) J Virol , vol.83 , pp. 7659-7667
    • Althaus, C.L.1    De Vos, A.S.2    de Boer, R.J.3
  • 78
    • 37649007699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of virus burst size in vivo using a single-cycle SIV in rhesus macaques
    • Chen HY, Di MM, Perelson AS, Ho DD, et al. (2007) Determination of virus burst size in vivo using a single-cycle SIV in rhesus macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 19079-19084.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.104 , pp. 19079-19084
    • Chen, H.Y.1    Di, M.M.2    Perelson, A.S.3    Ho, D.D.4
  • 79
    • 78049444596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current estimates for HIV-1 production imply rapid viral clearance in lymphoid tissues
    • doi:1371/journal.pcbi.1000906
    • De Boer RJ, Ribeiro RM, Perelson AS, (2010) Current estimates for HIV-1 production imply rapid viral clearance in lymphoid tissues. PLoS Comput Biol 6: e1000906 doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000906.
    • (2010) PLoS Comput Biol , vol.6
    • De Boer, R.J.1    Ribeiro, R.M.2    Perelson, A.S.3
  • 80
    • 0033577801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constant mean viral copy number per infected cell in tissues regardless of high, low, or undetectable plasma HIV RNA
    • Hockett RD, Kilby JM, Derdeyn CA, Saag MS, Sillers M, et al. (1999) Constant mean viral copy number per infected cell in tissues regardless of high, low, or undetectable plasma HIV RNA. J Exp Med 189: 1545-1554.
    • (1999) J Exp Med , vol.189 , pp. 1545-1554
    • Hockett, R.D.1    Kilby, J.M.2    Derdeyn, C.A.3    Saag, M.S.4    Sillers, M.5
  • 81
    • 33845953051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of simian immunodeficiency virus production by infected activated and resting cells
    • Reilly C, Wietgrefe S, Sedgewick G, Haase A, (2007) Determination of simian immunodeficiency virus production by infected activated and resting cells. AIDS 21: 163-168.
    • (2007) AIDS , vol.21 , pp. 163-168
    • Reilly, C.1    Wietgrefe, S.2    Sedgewick, G.3    Haase, A.4
  • 82
    • 0033589745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid production and clearance of HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus assessed by large volume plasma apheresis
    • Ramratnam B, Bonhoeffer S, Binley J, Hurley A, Zhang L, et al. (1999) Rapid production and clearance of HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus assessed by large volume plasma apheresis. Lancet 354: 1782-1785.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1782-1785
    • Ramratnam, B.1    Bonhoeffer, S.2    Binley, J.3    Hurley, A.4    Zhang, L.5
  • 84
    • 36849064140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in HIV-1 set-point viral load: epidemiological analysis and an evolutionary hypothesis
    • Fraser C, Hollingsworth TD, Chapman R, de WF, Hanage WP, (2007) Variation in HIV-1 set-point viral load: epidemiological analysis and an evolutionary hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 17441-17446.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.104 , pp. 17441-17446
    • Fraser, C.1    Hollingsworth, T.D.2    Chapman, R.3    de, W.F.4    Hanage, W.P.5
  • 85
    • 33645240933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness cost of escape mutations in p24 Gag in association with control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Martínez-Picado J, Prado JG, Fry EE, Pfafferott K, Leslie A, et al. (2006) Fitness cost of escape mutations in p24 Gag in association with control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 80: 3617-3623.
    • (2006) J Virol , vol.80 , pp. 3617-3623
    • Martínez-Picado, J.1    Prado, J.G.2    Fry, E.E.3    Pfafferott, K.4    Leslie, A.5
  • 86
    • 36048949732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escape from the dominant HLA-B27-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response in Gag is associated with a dramatic reduction in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication
    • Schneidewind A, Brockman MA, Yang R, Adam RI, Li B, et al. (2007) Escape from the dominant HLA-B27-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response in Gag is associated with a dramatic reduction in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. J Virol 81: 12382-12393.
    • (2007) J Virol , vol.81 , pp. 12382-12393
    • Schneidewind, A.1    Brockman, M.A.2    Yang, R.3    Adam, R.I.4    Li, B.5
  • 87
    • 77957194223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gag-protease-mediated replication capacity in HIV-1 subtype C chronic infection: associations with HLA type and clinical parameters
    • Wright JK, Brumme ZL, Carlson JM, Heckerman D, Kadie CM, et al. (2010) Gag-protease-mediated replication capacity in HIV-1 subtype C chronic infection: associations with HLA type and clinical parameters. J Virol 84: 10820-10831.
    • (2010) J Virol , vol.84 , pp. 10820-10831
    • Wright, J.K.1    Brumme, Z.L.2    Carlson, J.M.3    Heckerman, D.4    Kadie, C.M.5
  • 88
    • 36049027844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes: fitness-balanced escape
    • Liu Y, McNevin J, Zhao H, Tebit DM, Troyer RM, et al. (2007) Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes: fitness-balanced escape. J Virol 81: 12179-12188.
    • (2007) J Virol , vol.81 , pp. 12179-12188
    • Liu, Y.1    McNevin, J.2    Zhao, H.3    Tebit, D.M.4    Troyer, R.M.5
  • 89
    • 50149117938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central role of reverting mutations in HLA associations with human immunodeficiency virus set point
    • Matthews PC, Prendergast A, Leslie A, Crawford H, Payne R, et al. (2008) Central role of reverting mutations in HLA associations with human immunodeficiency virus set point. J Virol 82: 8548-8559.
    • (2008) J Virol , vol.82 , pp. 8548-8559
    • Matthews, P.C.1    Prendergast, A.2    Leslie, A.3    Crawford, H.4    Payne, R.5
  • 90
    • 43949094512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional constraints limit options for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte escape in the immunodominant HLA-B27-restricted epitope in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid
    • Schneidewind A, Brockman MA, Sidney J, Wang YE, Chen H, et al. (2008) Structural and functional constraints limit options for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte escape in the immunodominant HLA-B27-restricted epitope in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid. J Virol 82: 5594-5605.
    • (2008) J Virol , vol.82 , pp. 5594-5605
    • Schneidewind, A.1    Brockman, M.A.2    Sidney, J.3    Wang, Y.E.4    Chen, H.5
  • 91
    • 84857959077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable fitness impact of HIV-1 escape mutations to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response
    • doi:1371/journal.ppat.1000365
    • Troyer RM, McNevin J, Liu Y, Zhang SC, Krizan RW, et al. (2009) Variable fitness impact of HIV-1 escape mutations to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. PLoS Pathog 5: e1000365 doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000365.
    • (2009) PLoS Pathog , vol.5
    • Troyer, R.M.1    McNevin, J.2    Liu, Y.3    Zhang, S.C.4    Krizan, R.W.5
  • 92
    • 37749019678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virus evolution: insights from an experimental approach
    • Elena SF, Sanjuán R, (2007) Virus evolution: insights from an experimental approach. Ann Rev Ecol Sys Evol 38: 27-52.
    • (2007) Ann Rev Ecol Sys Evol , vol.38 , pp. 27-52
    • Elena, S.F.1    Sanjuán, R.2
  • 93
    • 0037165969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of HIV-1 adaptation to HLA-restricted immune responses at a population level
    • Moore CB, John M, James IR, Christiansen FT, Witt CS, et al. (2002) Evidence of HIV-1 adaptation to HLA-restricted immune responses at a population level. Science 296: 1439-1443.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 1439-1443
    • Moore, C.B.1    John, M.2    James, I.R.3    Christiansen, F.T.4    Witt, C.S.5
  • 94
    • 20744455635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limited sequence evolution within persistently targeted CD8 epitopes in chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Koibuchi T, Allen TM, Lichterfeld M, Mui SK, O'Sullivan KM, et al. (2005) Limited sequence evolution within persistently targeted CD8 epitopes in chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol 79: 8171-8181.
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 8171-8181
    • Koibuchi, T.1    Allen, T.M.2    Lichterfeld, M.3    Mui, S.K.4    O'Sullivan, K.M.5
  • 95
    • 17844376742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peak SIV replication in resting memory CD4+ T cells depletes gut lamina propria CD4+ T cells
    • Li Q, Duan L, Estes JD, Ma ZM, Rourke T, et al. (2005) Peak SIV replication in resting memory CD4+ T cells depletes gut lamina propria CD4+ T cells. Nature 434: 1148-1152.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 1148-1152
    • Li, Q.1    Duan, L.2    Estes, J.D.3    Ma, Z.M.4    Rourke, T.5
  • 96
    • 17844374605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Massive infection and loss of memory CD4+ T cells in multiple tissues during acute SIV infection
    • Mattapallil JJ, Douek DC, Hill B, Nishimura Y, Martin M, et al. (2005) Massive infection and loss of memory CD4+ T cells in multiple tissues during acute SIV infection. Nature 434: 1093-1097.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 1093-1097
    • Mattapallil, J.J.1    Douek, D.C.2    Hill, B.3    Nishimura, Y.4    Martin, M.5
  • 97
    • 0032742547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual transmission and propagation of SIV and HIV in resting and activated CD4+ T cells
    • Zhang Z, Schuler T, Zupancic M, Wietgrefe S, Staskus KA, et al. (1999) Sexual transmission and propagation of SIV and HIV in resting and activated CD4+ T cells. Science 286: 1353-1357.
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1353-1357
    • Zhang, Z.1    Schuler, T.2    Zupancic, M.3    Wietgrefe, S.4    Staskus, K.A.5
  • 98
    • 14644415425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunodominance of HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in acute HIV-1 infection: at the crossroads of viral and host genetics
    • Lichterfeld M, Yu XG, Le GS, Altfeld M, (2005) Immunodominance of HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in acute HIV-1 infection: at the crossroads of viral and host genetics. Trends Immunol 26: 166-171.
    • (2005) Trends Immunol , vol.26 , pp. 166-171
    • Lichterfeld, M.1    Yu, X.G.2    Le, G.S.3    Altfeld, M.4
  • 99
    • 58149136160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-step modifications for research on HIV vaccines
    • Corey L, McElrath MJ, Kublin JG, (2009) Post-step modifications for research on HIV vaccines. AIDS 23: 3-8.
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 3-8
    • Corey, L.1    McElrath, M.J.2    Kublin, J.G.3
  • 100
    • 56649114351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 vaccine-induced immunity in the test-of-concept Step Study: a case-cohort analysis
    • McElrath MJ, De Rosa SC, Moodie Z, Dubey S, Kierstead L, et al. (2008) HIV-1 vaccine-induced immunity in the test-of-concept Step Study: a case-cohort analysis. Lancet 372: 1894-1905.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 1894-1905
    • McElrath, M.J.1    De Rosa, S.C.2    Moodie, Z.3    Dubey, S.4    Kierstead, L.5
  • 101
    • 77952841173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human T cell epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are evolutionarily hyperconserved
    • Comas I, Chakravartti J, Small PM, Galagan J, Niemann S, et al. (2010) Human T cell epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are evolutionarily hyperconserved. Nat Genet 42: 498-503.
    • (2010) Nat Genet , vol.42 , pp. 498-503
    • Comas, I.1    Chakravartti, J.2    Small, P.M.3    Galagan, J.4    Niemann, S.5
  • 102
    • 56649086766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early depletion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T helper 1 cell responses after HIV-1 infection
    • Geldmacher C, Schuetz A, Ngwenyama N, Casazza JP, Sanga E, et al. (2008) Early depletion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T helper 1 cell responses after HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 198: 1590-1598.
    • (2008) J Infect Dis , vol.198 , pp. 1590-1598
    • Geldmacher, C.1    Schuetz, A.2    Ngwenyama, N.3    Casazza, J.P.4    Sanga, E.5
  • 103
    • 78650411518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential infection and depletion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells after HIV-1 infection
    • Geldmacher C, Ngwenyama N, Schuetz A, Petrovas C, Reither K, et al. (2010) Preferential infection and depletion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells after HIV-1 infection. J Exp Med 207: 2869-2881.
    • (2010) J Exp Med , vol.207 , pp. 2869-2881
    • Geldmacher, C.1    Ngwenyama, N.2    Schuetz, A.3    Petrovas, C.4    Reither, K.5
  • 105
    • 17744396121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not so different after all: a comparison of methods for detecting amino acid sites under selection
    • Kosakovsky Pond SL, Frost SD, (2005) Not so different after all: a comparison of methods for detecting amino acid sites under selection. Mol Biol Evol 22: 1208-1222.
    • (2005) Mol Biol Evol , vol.22 , pp. 1208-1222
    • Kosakovsky Pond, S.L.1    Frost, S.D.2
  • 106
    • 15844406550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HyPhy: hypothesis testing using phylogenies
    • Pond SL, Frost SD, Muse SV, (2005) HyPhy: hypothesis testing using phylogenies. Bioinformatics 21: 676-679.
    • (2005) Bioinformatics , vol.21 , pp. 676-679
    • Pond, S.L.1    Frost, S.D.2    Muse, S.V.3
  • 107
    • 20744455635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limited sequence evolution within persistently targeted CD8 epitopes in chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Koibuchi T, Allen TM, Lichterfeld M, Mui SK, O'Sullivan KM, et al. (2005) Limited sequence evolution within persistently targeted CD8 epitopes in chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol 79: 8171-8181.
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 8171-8181
    • Koibuchi, T.1    Allen, T.M.2    Lichterfeld, M.3    Mui, S.K.4    O'Sullivan, K.M.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.