The role of antigenic stimulation and cytotoxic T cell activity in regulating the long-term immunopathogenesis of HIV: Mechanisms and clinical implications

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 268, Issue 1481, 2001, Pages 2085-2095

  Fraser, C ^a   Ferguson, N M ^a   De Wolf, F ^a   Anderson, R M ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anti viral treatment; HIV pathogenesis; Mathematical model

Indexed keywords

ANTIVIRUS AGENT; CD4 ANTIGEN;

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; IMMUNE RESPONSE;

ARTICLE; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL ACTIVITY; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; DISEASE COURSE; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; IMMUNOSTIMULATION; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TARGET CELL; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 0035934874     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1777     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Immunological memory and protective immunity: Understanding their relation
2. HIV-1 dynamics revisited: Biphasic decay by cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing?
3. Time from HIV-1 seroconversion to AIDS and death before widespread use of highly-active antiretroviral therapy: A collaborative re-analysis
4. Enhanced establishment of a virus carrier state in adult CD4+ T-cell deficient mice
5. Increased numbers of primed activated CD8+ CD38+ CD45RO+ T cells predict the decline of CD4+ T cells in HIV-1-infected patients
6. Risks and benefits of structured antiretroviral drug therapy interruptions in HIV-1 infection
7. Quantification of latent tissue reservoirs and total body viral load in HIV-1 infection
8. Theory of an immune system retrovirus
9. Evolution of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in patients with symptomatic primary infection receiving antiretroviral triple therapy
10. Broad, intense anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ex vivo CD8(+) responses in HIV type 1-infected patients: Comparison with anti-Epstein-Barr virus responses and changes during antiretroviral therapy
11. AIDS prognosis based on HIV-1 RNA, CD4+ T-cell count and function: Markers with reciprocal predictive value over time after seroconversion
12. Changes in thymic function with age and during the treatment of HIV infection
13. Modeling HIV infection of CD4+ T-cell subpopulations
14. Prognostic significance of plasma markers of immune activation, HIV viral load and CD4 T-cell measurements
15. Immunopathogenic mechanisms of HIV infection
16. Antigen-driven CD4+ T cell and HIV-1 dynamics: Residual viral replication under highly active antiretroviral therapy
17. Viral dynamics in HIV-1 infection
18. Limited CD4(+) T-cell renewal in early HIV-1 infection: Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy
19. Reduction of the HIV-1-infected T-cell reservoir by immune activation treatment is dose-dependent and restricted by the potency of antiretroviral drugs
20. Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage
21. Multiple modes of cellular activation and virus transmission in HIV infection: A role for chronically and latently infected cells in sustaining viral replication
22. Population biology of HIV-1 infection: Viral and CD4(+) T cell demographics and dynamics in lymphatic tissues
23. Strong cytotoxic T cell and weak neutralizing antibody responses in a subset of persons with stable nonprogressing HIV type 1 infection
24. Increased cell division but not thymic dysfunction rapidly affects the T-cell receptor excision circle content of the naive T cell population in HIV-1 infection
25. T-cell division in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is mainly due to immune activation: A longitudinal analysis in patients before and during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
26. Directly measured kinetics of circulating T lymphocytes in normal and HIV-1-infected humans
27. Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection
28. The natural-history of HIV-1 infection - Virus load and virus phenotype independent determinants of clinical course
29. Association between virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and helper responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
30. Levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte effector and memory responses decline after suppression of viremia with highly active antiretroviral therapy
31. CD4-cell count in HIV-1-infected individuals remaining viraemic with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
32. Patterns of viral dynamics during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
33. Clinical progression and virological failure on highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 patients: A prospective cohort study
34. Is there a general tendency for CD4 lymphocyte decline to speed up during human immunodeficiency virus infection? Evidence from the Italian Seroconversion Study
35. Viral dynamics of acute HIV-1 infection
36. Elevated CD38 antigen expression on CD8(+) T cells is a stronger marker for the risk of chronic HIV disease progression to AIDS and death in the multicenter AIDS cohort study than CD4(+) cell count, soluble immune activation markers, or combinations of HLA-DR and CD38 expression
37. Longitudinal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 load in the Italian Seroconversion Study: Correlates and temporal trends of virus load
38. Models of interactions between HIV and other pathogens
39. Memory CD8(+) T cells in HIV infection
40. Changes in lymphocyte-T and non-lymphocyte-T subsets following seroconversion to HIV-1 - Stable CD3+ and declining CD3- populations suggest regulatory responses linked to loss of CD4 lymphocytes
41. Failure of T-cell homeostasis preceding AIDS in HIV-1 infection
42. CD4+ T-cells are required to sustain CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell responses during chronic viral infection
43. Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma
44. T-cell homeostasis, competition, and drift: AIDS as HIV-accelerated senescence of the immune repertoire
45. Changing patterns of mortality across Europe in patients infected with HIV-1
46. In vitro reactivation of human immunodeficiency virus 1 from latently infected, resting CD4(+) T cells after bacterial stimulation
47. Antigenic diversity thresholds and the development of AIDS
48. Antigenic oscillations and shifting immunodominance in HIV infections
49. Viral dynamics of primary viremia and antiretroviral therapy in simian immunodeficiency virus infection
50. Quantitation of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and plasma load of viral RNA
51. Decay kinetics of human immunodeficiency virus-specific effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes after combination antiretroviral therapy
52. Activation and cell cycle antigens in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells correlate with plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) RNA level in HIV-1 infection
53. Effect of immune activation on the dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus replication and on the distribution of viral quasispecies
54. Biphasic kinetics of peripheral blood T cells after triple combination therapy in HIV-1 infection: A composite of redistribution and proliferation
55. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection
56. The neutralizing antibody response to HIV-1: Viral evasion and escape from humoral immunity
57. Mathematical analysis of HIV-1 dynamics in vivo
58. HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: Virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time
59. Reduction of HIV concentration during acute infection: Independence from a specific immune response
60. Serial lymphocyte-CD4 counts and development of AIDS
61. Serum beta(2)-microglobulin at HIV-1 seroconversion as a predictor of severe immunodeficiency during 10 years of followup
62. HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T cells are detectable in most individuals with active HIV-1 infection, but decline with prolonged viral suppression
63. The interaction of opportunistic infections and HIV replication
64. Slower decline of plasma HIV-1 RNA following highly suppressive antiretroviral therapy of primary as compared to chronic infection
65. The decay of the latent reservoir of replication-competent HIV-1 is inversely correlated with the extent of residual viral replication during prolonged anti-retroviral therapy
66. Immune control of HIV-1 after early treatment of acute infection
67. Modeling plasma virus concentration during primary HIV infection
68. Activation of virus-replication after vaccination of HIV-1-infected individuals
69. HIV-1 replication is controlled at the level of T cell activation and proviral integration
70. Viral dynamics in human-immunodeficiency-virus type-1 infection
71. Specific therapy regimes could lead to long-term immunological control of HIV
72. Dynamics of macrophage and T cell infection by HIV
73. Transient antiretroviral treatment during acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection facilitates long-term control of the virus
74. The role of antigen-independent persistence of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes
75. HIV-1 entry into quiescent primary lymphocytes: Molecular analysis reveals a labile, latent viral structure
76. Sexual transmission and propagation of SIV and HIV in resting and activated CD4(+) T cells