Saponins, especially platycodin D, from Platycodon grandiflorum modulate hepatic lipogenesis in high-fat diet-fed rats and high glucose-exposed HepG2 cells

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

Volumn 267, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 174-183

  Hwang, Yong Pil ^a,b   Choi, Jae Ho ^a   Kim, Hyung Gyun ^a   Khanal, Tilak ^a   Song, Gye Young ^a   Nam, Myoung Soo ^a   Lee, Hyun Sun ^c   Chung, Young Chul ^b   Lee, Young Chun ^b   Jeong, Hye Gwang ^a  

^a Chungnam National University   (South Korea)

^b International University of Korea   (South Korea)

^c Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)   (South Korea)

Author keywords

AMPK; Lipogenesis; Platycodin D; Platycodon grandiflorum

Indexed keywords

ACETYL COENZYME A CARBOXYLASE; CHANGKIL SAPONIN; CHOLESTEROL; FATTY ACID SYNTHASE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE KINASE; PLATYCODIN; SAPONIN; STEROL REGULATORY ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN 1C; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; CELL STRAIN HEPG2; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENZYME PHOSPHORYLATION; GENE EXPRESSION; GLUCOSE INTAKE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; LIPID DIET; LIPID STORAGE; LIPOGENESIS; LIVER TOXICITY; MALE; NONHUMAN; PLATYCODON; RAT; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; ANIMALS; CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE; DIET, HIGH-FAT; FATTY ACID SYNTHETASE COMPLEX; GLUCOSE; HEP G2 CELLS; HUMANS; LIPOGENESIS; LIVER; MALE; PLATYCODON; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; SAPONINS; SIRTUIN 1; STEROL REGULATORY ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN 1; TRITERPENES;

PLATYCODON GRANDIFLORUM; RATTUS;

EID: 84872870803     PISSN: 0041008X     EISSN: 10960333     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.001     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Ahn K.S., Noh E.J., Zhao H.L., Jung S.H., Kang S.S., Kim Y.S. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase II by Platycodon grandiflorum saponins via suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Life Sci. 2005, 76:2315-2328.
2. Calkin A.C., Tontonoz P. Transcriptional integration of metabolism by the nuclear sterol-activated receptors LXR and FXR. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2012, 13:213-224.
3. Feldeisen S.E., Tucker K.L. Nutritional strategies in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2007, 32:46-60.
4. Goldstein J.L., Rawson R.B., Brown M.S. Mutant mammalian cells as tools to delineate the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway for feedback regulation of lipid synthesis. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 2002, 397:139-148.
5. Gruzman A., Babai G., Sasson S. Adenosine mono phosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a new target for antidiabetic drugs: a review on metabolic, pharmacological and chemical considerations. Rev. Diabet. Stud. 2009, 6:13-36.
6. Han L.K., Xu B.J., Kimura Y., Zheng Y., Okuda H. Platycodi radix affects lipid metabolism in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity. J. Nutr. 2000, 130:2760-2764.
7. Hardie D.G. AMP-activated protein kinase: a master switch in glucose and lipid metabolism. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 2004, 5:119-125.
8. Hariri N., Thibault L. High-fat diet-induced obesity in animal models. Nutr. Res. Rev. 2010, 23:270-299.
9. Horton J.D., Goldstein J.L., Brown M.S. SREBPs: activators of the complete program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver. J. Clin. Invest. 2002, 109:1125-1131.
10. Hou X., Xu S., Maitland-Toolan K.A., Sato K., Jiang B., Ido Y., Lan F., Walsh K., Wierzbicki M., Verbeuren T.J., Cohen R.A., Zang M. SIRT1 regulates hepatocyte lipid metabolism through activating AMP-activated protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283:20015-20026.
11. Howitz K.T., Bitterman K.J., Cohen H.Y., Lamming D.W., Lavu S., Wood J.G., Zipkin R.E., Chung P., Kisielewski A., Zhang L.L., Scherer B., Sinclair D.A. Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan. Nature 2003, 425:191-196.
12. +/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases are AMP-activated protein kinase kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280:29060-29066.
13. Ioannides-Demos L.L., Proietto J., Tonkin A.M., McNeil J.J. Safety of drug therapies used for weight loss and treatment of obesity. Drug Saf. 2006, 29:277-302.
14. James O., Day C. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: another disease of affluence. Lancet 1999, 353:1634-1636.
15. Khanal T., Choi J.H., Hwang Y.P., Chung Y.C., Jeong H.G. Protective effects of saponins from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2009, 47:2749-2754.
16. Kim K.S., Ezaki O., Ikemoto S., Itakura H. Effects of Platycodon grandiflorum feeding on serum and liver lipid concentrations in rats with diet-induced hyperlipidemia. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 1995, 41:485-491.
17. Kim Y.W., Kim Y.M., Yang Y.M., Kim T.H., Hwang S.J., Lee J.R., Kim S.C., Kim S.G. Inhibition of SREBP-1c-mediated hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress by sauchinone, an AMPK-activating lignan in Saururus chinensis. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2010, 48:567-578.
18. Kopelman P.G. Obesity as a medical problem. Nature 2000, 404:635-643.
19. Kume S., Uzu T., Kashiwagi A., Koya D. SIRT1, a calorie restriction mimetic, in a new therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic vascular complications. Endocr. Metab. Immune. Disord. Drug Targets 2010, 10:16-24.
20. Lee K.J., Jeong H.G. Protective effect of Platycodi radix on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2002, 40:517-525.
21. Lee K.J., Choi J.H., Kim H.G., Han E.H., Hwang Y.P., Lee Y.C., Chung Y.C., Jeong H.G. Protective effect of saponins derived from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008, 46:1778-1785.
22. Lee H., Kang R., Kim Y.S., Chung S.I., Yoon Y. Platycodin D inhibits adipogenesis of 3 T3-L1 cells by modulating kruppel-like factor 2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Phytother. Res. 2010, (Suppl. 2):S161-S167.
23. Lee H., Bae S., Kim Y.S., Yoon Y. WNT/β-catenin pathway mediates the anti-adipogenic effect of platycodin D, a natural compound found in Platycodon grandiflorum. Life Sci. 2011, 89:388-394.
24. Lomb D.J., Laurent G., Haigis M.C. Sirtuins regulate key aspects of lipid metabolism. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2009, 1804:1652-1657.
25. Mitro N., Mak P.A., Vargas L., Godio C. The nuclear receptor LXR is a glucose sensor. Nature 2007, 445:219-223.
26. Noh J.R., Kim Y.H., Gang G.T., Yang K.J., Kim S.K., Ryu S.Y., Kim Y.S., Lee C.H., Lee H.S. Preventative effects of Platycodon grandiflorum treatment on hepatic steatosis in high fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2010, 33:450-454.
27. Osbourn A., Goss R.J., Field R.A. The saponins: polar isoprenoids with important and diverse biological activities. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2011, 28:1261-1268.
28. Philp A., Chen A., Lan D., Meyer G.A., Murphy A.N., Knapp A.E., Olfert I.M., McCurdy C.E., Marcotte G.R., Hogan M.C., Baar K., Schenk S. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase activity is not required for mitochondrial biogenesis or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) deacetylation following endurance exercise. J. Biol. Chem. 2011, 286:30561-30570.
29. Rayalam S., Yang J.Y., Ambati S., Della-Fera M.A., Baile C.A. Resveratrol induces apoptosis and inhibits adipogenesis in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Phytother. Res. 2008, 22:1367-1371.
30. Rutanen J., Yaluri N., Modi S., Pihlajamäki J., Vänttinen M., Itkonen P., Kainulainen S., Yamamoto H., Lagouge M., Sinclair D.A., Elliott P., Westphal C., Auwerx J., Laakso M. SIRT1 mRNA expression may be associated with energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 2010, 59:829-835.
31. Ryu C.S., Kim C.H., Lee S.Y., Lee K.S., Choung K.J., Song G.Y., Kim B.H., Ryu S.Y., Lee H.S., Kim S.K. Evaluation of the total oxidant scavenging capacity of saponins isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum. Food Chem. 2011, 132:333-337.
32. Schug T.T., Li X. Sirtuin 1 in lipid metabolism and obesity. Ann. Med. 2011, 43:198-211.
33. Sparg S.G., Light M.E., van Staden J. Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004, 94:219-243.
34. Takagi K., Lee E.B. Pharmacological studies on Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC. 3. Activities of crude platycodin on respiratory and circulatory systems and its other pharmacological activities. Yakugaku Zasshi 1972, 92:969-973.
35. Vermaak I., Viljoen A.M., Hamman J.H. Natural products in anti-obesity therapy. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2011, 28:1493-1533.
36. Viollet B., Mounier R., Leclerc J., Yazigi A., Foretz M., Andreelli F. Targeting AMP-activated protein kinase as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Diabetes Metab. 2007, 33:395-402.
37. Winder W.W., Thomson D.M. Cellular energy sensing and signaling byAMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Biochem. Biophys. 2007, 47:332-347.
38. Yahagi N., Shimano H., Hasty A.H., Matsuzaka T., Ide T., Yoshikawa T., Amemiya-Kudo M., Tomita S., Okazaki H., Tamura Y., Iizuka Y., Ohashi K., Osuga J., Harada K., Gotoda T., Nagai R., Ishibashi S., Yamada N. Absence of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) ameliorates fatty livers but not obesity or insulin resistance in Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) mice. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:19353-19357.
39. Zang M., Zuccollo A., Hou X., Nagata D., Walsh K., Herscovitz H., Brecher P., Ruderman N.B., Cohen R.A. AMP-activated protein kinase is required for the lipid-lowering effect of metformin in insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279:47898-47905.
40. Zhang B.B., Zhou G., Li C. AMPK: an emerging drug target for diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Cell Metab. 2009, 9:407-416.
41. Zhao H.L., Cho K.H., Ha Y.W., Jeong T.S., Lee W.S., Kim Y.S. Cholesterol-lowering effect of platycodin D in hypercholesterolemic ICR mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2006, 537:166-173.