Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in negative-ion liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

Volumn 31, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 626-665

  Niessen, W M A ^a  

^a Hyphen MassSpec   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

drugs; fragmentation; negative ions; systematic toxicological analysis; tandem mass spectrometry

Indexed keywords

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; DIHYDROPYRIDINES; DRUGS; FRAGMENTATION; LC-MS ANALYSIS; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE; SYSTEMATIC TOXICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; THERAPEUTIC CLASS;

LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; POSITIVE IONS; SULFUR COMPOUNDS;

NEGATIVE IONS;

DRUG; ION;

ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; HUMAN; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHODOLOGY; REVIEW; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; TOXICOLOGY;

ANIMALS; CHROMATOGRAPHY, LIQUID; HUMANS; IONS; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; TOXICOLOGY;

EID: 84867580004     PISSN: 02777037     EISSN: 10982787     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mas.20359     Document Type: Review

References (157)

1. Abián J, Stone A, Morrow MG, Creer MH, Fink LM, Lay JO Jr., 1992. Thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric determination of cyclosporins. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 6: 684-689.
2. AB Sciex. 2010. Forensic Library, Forensic LC/MS/MS Library Version 1.0 for Cliquid® Software, Publication 1720110-01, http://www.absciex.com/ Documents/Products/Forensic-Library-1720110-01.pdf
3. Agilent Technologies. 2010. The accurate-mass library (Agilent Technologies, Broecker, Herre & Pragst Forensic Library) consulted is part of an LC-MS Forensic Toxicology Application Kit that is described in more detail in: http://www.chem.agilent.com/en-US/Products/Instruments/ms/Pages/forensics- qtof-ws.aspx
4. Aguilar C, Ferrer I, Borrull F, Marcé RM, Barcelõ D,. 1998. Comparison of automated on-line solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and particle beam mass spectrometry for the determination of a priority group of pesticides in environmental waters, J Chromatogr A 794: 147-163. (Pubitemid 28083607)
5. Antignac JP, Le Bizec B, Monteau F, Poulain F, André F,. 2000. Collision-induced dissociation of corticosteroids in electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and development of a screening method by high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 14: 33-39. (Pubitemid 30033790)
6. Bandu ML, Watkins KR, Bretthauer ML, Moore CA, Desaire H,. 2004. Prediction of MS/MS data. 1. A focus on pharmaceuticals containing carboxylic acids. Anal Chem 76: 1746-1753. (Pubitemid 38338424)
7. Bansal G, Singh M, Jindal KC, Singh S,. 2008. LC-UV-PDA and LC-MS studies to characterize degradation products of glimepiride. J Pharm Biomed Anal 48: 788-795.
8. Becue I, Van Poucke C, Van Peteghem C,. 2011. An LC-MS screening method with library identification for the detection of steroids in dietary supplements. J Mass Spectrom 46: 327-335.
9. n to investigate the photodegradation pathway of nicosulfuron in aqueous solution. Anal Bioanal Chem 399: 1705-1714.
10. Berendsen BJ, Zuidema T, de Jong J, Stolker LA, Nielen MW,. 2011. Discrimination of eight chloramphenicol isomers by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in order to investigate the natural occurrence of chloramphenicol. Anal Chim Acta 700: 78-85.
11. Bijlsma L, Sancho JV, Hernández F, Niessen WMA,. 2011. Fragmentation pathways of drugs of abuse and their metabolites based on QTOF MS/MS and MS(E) accurate-mass spectra. J Mass Spectrom 46: 865-875.
12. - anions of underivatised peptides. Part 2: Characteristic cleavages of Ser and Cys and of disulfides and other post-translational modifications, together with some unusual internal processes. Mass Spectrom Rev 28: 20-34.
13. Blasco C, Fernández M, Picõ Y, Font G,. 2004. Comparison of solid-phase microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction for determining six organophosphorus insecticides in honey by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1030: 77-85. (Pubitemid 38221316)
14. Blasco C, Vazquez-Roig P, Onghena M, Masia A, Picõ Y,. 2011. Analysis of insecticides in honey by liquid chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry: Comparison of different extraction procedures. J Chromatogr A 1218: 4892-4901.
15. Boscher A, Guignard C, Pellet T, Hoffmann L, Bohn T,. 2010. Development of a multi-class method for the quantification of veterinary drug residues in feeding stuffs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1217: 6394-6404.
16. Bossi R, Køppen B, Spliid NH, Streibig JC,. 1998. Analysis of sulfonylurea herbicides in soil water at sub-part-per-billion levels by electrospray negative ionization mass spectrometry. Followed by confirmatory tandem mass spectrometry. J AOAC Intern 81: 775-784. (Pubitemid 128441694)
17. Bowie JH,. 1990. The fragmentation of even-electron organic negative ions. Mass Spectrom Rev 9: 349-379.
18. - parent anions of underivatized peptides: An aid to structure determination and some unusual negative ion cleavages. Mass Spectrom Rev 21: 87-107. (Pubitemid 35355219)
19. Broecker S, Herre S, Wüst B, Zweigenbaum J, Pragst F,. 2011. Development and practical application of a library of CID accurate mass spectra of more than 2,500 toxic compounds for systematic toxicological analysis by LC-QTOF-MS with data-dependent acquisition. Anal Bioanal Chem 400: 101-117.
20. Castiglioni S, Zuccato E, Chiabrando C, Fanelli R, Bagnati R,. 2008. Mass spectrometric analysis of illicit drugs in wastewater and surface water. Mass Spectrom Rev 27: 378-394.
21. Chavez-Eng CM, Constanzer ML, Matuszewski BK,. 2002. High-performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric evaluation and determination of stable isotope labeled analogs of rofecoxib in human plasma samples from oral bioavailability studies. J Chromatogr B 767: 117-129. (Pubitemid 34142343)
22. Chebbah C, Pozo OJ, Deventer K, Van Eenoo P, Delbeke FT,. 2010. Direct quantification of 11-nor-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in urine by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in relation to doping control analysis. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 24: 1133-1141.
23. Chen D, Tao Y, Liu Z, Zhang H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Huang L, Pan Y, Peng D, Dai M, Wang X, Yuan Z,. 2011. Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with pressurized liquid extraction for determination of glucocorticoid residues in edible tissues. J Chromatogr B 879: 174-180.
24. Chiron S, Papilloud S, Haerdi W, Barcelõ D,. 1995. Automated online liquid-solid extraction followed by liquid chromatography-high-flow pneumatically assisted electrospray mass spectrometry for the determination of acidic herbicides in environmental waters, Anal Chem 67: 1637-1643.
25. Cho HJ, Kim JD, Lee WY, Chung BC, Choi MH,. 2009. Quantitative metabolic profiling of 21 endogenous corticosteroids in urine by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 632: 101-108.
26. Chung SW, Chan BT,. 2010. Validation and use of a fast sample preparation method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in analysis of ultra-trace levels of 98 organophosphorus pesticide and carbamate residues in a total diet study involving diversified food types. J Chromatogr A 1217: 4815-4824.
27. Claeys M, Van den Heuvel H, Chen S, Derrick PJ, Mellon FA, Price KR,. 1996. Comparison of high- and low-energy collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry in the analysis of glycoalkaloids and their aglycons. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 7: 173-181. (Pubitemid 26101202)
28. Coulier L, Gerritsen H, van Kampen JJ, Reedijk ML, Luider TM, Osterhaus AD, Gruters RA, Brüll L,. 2011. Comprehensive analysis of the intracellular metabolism of antiretroviral nucleosides and nucleotides using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and method improvement by using ultra performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B 879: 2772-2782.
29. Croley TR, Hughes RJ, Koenig BG, Metcalfe CD, March RE,. 2000. Mass spectrometry applied to the analysis of estrogens in the environment. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 14: 1087-1093. (Pubitemid 30451250)
30. Cui X, Shao B, Zhao R, Yang Y, Hu J, Tu X,. 2006. Simultaneous determination of seventeen glucocorticoids residues in milk and eggs by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20: 2355-2364. (Pubitemid 44199627)
31. Díaz-Cruz MS, Lõpez de Alda MJ, Lõpez R, Barcelõ D,. 2003. Determination of estrogens and progestogens by mass spectrometric techniques (GC/MS, LC/MS and LC/MS/MS). J Mass Spectrom 38: 917-923. (Pubitemid 37121807)
32. Dowling G, Gallo P, Malone E, Regan L,. 2009. Rapid confirmatory analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in bovine milk by rapid resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1216: 8117-8131.
33. Dowling G, Malone E, Harbison T, Martin S,. 2010. Analytical strategy for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in plasma and improved analytical strategy for the determination of authorized and non-authorized non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in milk by LC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam A 27: 962-982.
34. Draper WM,. 2001. Electrospray liquid chromatography quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry determination of phenyl urea herbicides in water. J Agric Food Chem 49: 2746-2755. (Pubitemid 32826063)
35. Dresen S, Kempf J, Weinmann W,. 2006. Electrospray-ionization MS/MS library of drugs as database for method development and drug identification. Forensic Sci Int 161: 86-91. (Pubitemid 44142900)
36. Dresen S, Gergoc M, Politi L, Halter C, Weinmann W,. 2009. ESI-MS-MS library of 1,253 compounds for application in forensic and clinical toxicology. Anal Bioanal Chem 395: 2521-2526.
37. Dresen S, Ferreirõs N, Gnann H, Zimmermann R, Weinmann W,. 2010. Detection and identification of 700 drugs by multi-target screening with a 3200 QTRAP® LC-MS-MS system and library searching. Anal Bioanal Chem 396: 2425-2434.
38. Deventer K, Delbeke FT, Roels K, Van Eenoo P,. 2002. Screening for 18 diuretics and probenecid in doping analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 16: 529-535. (Pubitemid 36033001)
39. Deventer K, Delbeke FT,. 2003. Validation of a screening method for corticosteroids in doping analysis by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17: 2107-2114. (Pubitemid 37093087)
40. Deventer K, Pozo OJ, Van Eenoo P, Delbeke FT,. 2009. Qualitative detection of diuretics and acidic metabolites of other doping agents in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Comparison between liquid-liquid extraction and direct injection, J Chromatogr A 1216: 5819-5827.
41. Dubreil-Chéneau E, Pirotais Y, Bessiral M, Roudaut B, Verdon E,. 2011. Development and validation of a confirmatory method for the determination of 12 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in milk using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1218: 6292-6301.
42. Dusi G, Gasparini M, Curatolo M, Assini W, Bozzoni E, Tognoli N, Ferretti E,. 2011. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of nine corticosteroid residues in bovine liver samples. Anal Chim Acta 700: 49-57.
43. Ehrhardt JD, Ziegler JM,. 1988. Negative ion mass spectra of dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 15: 525-528.
44. Fan B, Bartlett MG, Stewart JT,. 2002. Determination of lamivudine/stavudine/efavirenz in human serum using liquid chromatography/ electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with ionization polarity switch. Biomed Chromatogr 16: 383-389.
45. Farré M, Petrovic M, Barcelõ D,. 2007. Recently developed GC/MS and LC/MS methods for determining NSAIDs in water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 387: 1203-1214. (Pubitemid 46220405)
46. Fernández M, Picõ Y, Girotti S, Mañes J,. 2001. Analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in honeybee by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 49: 3540-3547. (Pubitemid 32822655)
47. Ferrer I, Thurman EM,. 2005. Measuring the mass of an electron by LC/TOF-MS: A study of "twin ions ". Anal Chem 77: 3394-3400. (Pubitemid 40695502)
48. Font E, Lasanta S, Rosario O, Rodríguez JF,. 1998. Analysis of antiretroviral nucleosides by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and collision induced dissociation. Nucleosides Nucleotides 17: 845-853. (Pubitemid 28215414)
49. Gallo P, Fabbrocino S, Vinci F, Fiori M, Danese V, Serpe L,. 2008. Confirmatory identification of sixteen non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug residues in raw milk by liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 22: 841-854. (Pubitemid 351442558)
50. Gao W, Wu Z, Bohl CE, Yang J, Miller DD, Dalton JT,. 2006. Characterization of the in vitro metabolism of selective androgen receptor modulator using human, rat, and dog liver enzyme preparations. Drug Metab Dispos 34: 243-253. (Pubitemid 43145026)
51. Gao S, Miao H, Tao X, Jiang B, Xiao Y, Cai F, Yun Y, Li J, Chen W,. 2011. LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of valproic acid and major metabolites in human plasma. J Chromatogr B 879: 1939-1944.
52. Garcia P, Popot MA, Fournier F, Bonnaire Y, Tabet JC,. 2002. Gas-phase behaviour of negative ions produced from thiazidic diuretics under electrospray conditions. J Mass Spectrom 37: 940-953.
53. Garcia-Ac A, Segura PA, Gagnon C, Sauvé S,. 2009. Determination of bezafibrate, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, orlistat and enalapril in waste and surface waters using on-line solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography coupled to polarity-switching electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Environ Monit 11: 830-838.
54. Giancotti V, Medana C, Aigotti R, Pazzi M, Baiocchi C,. 2008. LC-high-resolution multiple stage spectrometric analysis of diuretic compounds Unusual mass fragmentation pathways. J Pharm Biomed Anal 48: 462-466.
55. Goebel C, Trout GJ, Kazlauskas R,. 2004. Rapid screening methods for diuretics in doping control using automated solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 502: 65-74. (Pubitemid 37542364)
56. Goodwin L, Startin JR, Goodall DM, Keely BJ,. 2003. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of glyphosate, glufosinate, aminomethylphosphonic acid and methylphosphinicopropionic acid. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17: 963-969. (Pubitemid 36542060)
57. Goodwin L, Startin JR, Goodall DM, Keely BJ,. 2004. Negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry of aminomethylphosphonic acid and glyphosate: Elucidation of fragmentation mechanisms by multistage mass spectrometry incorporating in-source deuterium labelling. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18: 37-43. (Pubitemid 38031415)
58. Gupta VK, Jain R, Lukram O, Agarwal S, Dwivedi A,. 2011. Simultaneous determination of ramipril, ramiprilat and telmisartan in human plasma using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 83: 709-716.
59. Ham BM,. 2008. Even electron mass spectrometry with biomolecule applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
60. Hinchliffe E, Adaway JE, Keevil BG,. 2011. Simultaneous measurement of cyclosporin A and tacrolimus from dried blood spots by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 883-884: 102-107.
61. Holčapek M, Jirásko R, Miroslav L,. 2010. Basic rules for the interpretation of atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectra of small molecules. J Chromatogr A 1217: 3908-3921.
62. Hori Y, Fujisawa M, Shimada K, Hirose Y, Yoshioka T,. 2006. Method for screening and quantitative determination of serum levels of salicylic Acid, acetaminophen, theophylline, phenobarbital, bromvalerylurea, pentobarbital, and amobarbital using liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry. Biol Pharm Bull 29: 7-13. (Pubitemid 43036684)
63. Hu N, Liu P, Jiang K, Zhou Y, Pan Y,. 2008. Mechanism study of SO2 elimination from sulfonamides by negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 22: 2715-2722.
64. Ibáñez M, Pozo OJ, Sancho JV, Lõpez FJ, Hernández F,. 2005. Residue determination of glyphosate, glufosinate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in water and soil samples by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1081: 145-155. (Pubitemid 40848397)
65. Jin MC, Chen XH,. 2006. Rapid determination of three anticoagulant rodenticides in whole blood by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20: 2741-2746.
66. Jin MC, Chen XH, Ye ML, Zhu Y,. 2008. Analysis of indandione anticoagulant rodenticides in animal liver by eluent generator reagent free ion chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1213: 77-82.
67. John H, Worek F, Thiermann H,. 2008. LC-MS-based procedures for monitoring of toxic organophosphorus compounds and verification of pesticide and nerve agent poisoning. Anal Bioanal Chem 391: 97-116.
68. Juan-García A, Font G, Picõ Y,. 2005. Quantitative analysis of six pesticides in fruits by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 26: 1550-1561.
69. Jung BH, Rezk NL, Bridges AS, Corbett AH, Kashuba AD,. 2007. Simultaneous determination of 17 antiretroviral drugs in human plasma for quantitative analysis with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 21: 1095-1104. (Pubitemid 47490320)
70. Karni M, Mandelbaum A,. 1980. The 'even-electron' rule. Org Mass Spectrom 15 (1980): 53-64.
71. Keevil BG, Tierney DP, Cooper DP, Morris MR,. 2002. Rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for routine analysis of cyclosporin A over an extended concentration range. Clin Chem 48: 67-76.
72. Kölliker S, Oehme M, Dye C,. 1998. Structure elucidation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives of carbonyl compounds in ambient air by HPLC/MS and multiple MS/MS using atmospheric chemical ionization in the negative ion mode. Anal Chem 70: 1979-1985.
73. Kong D, Li S, Zhang X, Gu J, Liu M, Meng Y, Fu Y, La X, Xue G, Zhang L, Wang Q,. 2010. Simultaneous determination of m-nisoldipine and its three metabolites in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 878: 2989-2996.
74. Køppen B, Spliid NH,. 1998. Determination of acidic herbicides using liquid chromatography with pneumatically assisted electrospray ionization mass spectrometric and tandem mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 803: 157-168. (Pubitemid 28206738)
75. Kosjek T, Zigon D, Kralj B, Heath E,. 2008. The use of quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer for the elucidation of diclofenac biotransformation products in wastewater. J Chromatogr A 1215: 57-63.
76. Kosjek T, Perko S, Heath E, Kralj B, Žigon D,. 2011. Application of complementary mass spectrometric techniques to the identification of ketoprofen phototransformation products. J Mass Spectrom 46: 391-401.
77. Kuhn J, Götting C, Kleesiek K,. 2010. Sample cleanup-free determination of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide in serum and plasma using the novel technology of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 80: 1894-1898.
78. Kuuranne T, Vahermo M, Leinonen A, Kostianen R,. 2000. Electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometric behavior of eight anabolic steroid glucuronides. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 11: 722-730. (Pubitemid 34521228)
79. Laganà A, Fago G, Fasciani L, Marino A, Mosso M,. 2000. Determination of diphenyl-ether herbicides and metabolites in natural waters using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and tandem mass spectrometric detection, Anal Chim Acta 414: 79-94. (Pubitemid 30251896)
80. Lee HW, Seo JH, Lee HS, Jeong SY, Cho YW, Lee KT,. 2008. Development of a liquid chromatography/negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry assay for the determination of cilnidipine in human plasma and its application to a bioequivalence study. J Chromatogr B 862: 246-251.
81. Levsen K, Schiebel HM, Terlouw JK, Jobst KJ, Elend M, Preiss A, Thiele H, Ingendoh A,. 2007. Even-electron ions: A systematic study of the neutral species lost in the dissociation of quasi-molecular ions. J Mass Spectrom 42: 1024-1044. (Pubitemid 47255454)
82. Lindh CH, Littorin M, Amilon A, Jönsson BA,. 2008. Analysis of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides as biomarkers in human urine using liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 22: 143-150. (Pubitemid 351156126)
83. Malone EM, Dowling G, Elliott CT, Kennedy DG, Regan L,. 2009. Development of a rapid, multi-class method for the confirmatory analysis of anti-inflammatory drugs in bovine milk using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1216: 8132-8140.
84. Malone EM, Elliott CT, Kennedy DG, Regan L,. 2010. Rapid confirmatory method for the determination of sixteen synthetic growth promoters and bisphenol A in bovine milk using dispersive solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 878: 1077-1084.
85. March RE, Li H, Belgacem O, Papanastasiou D,. 2007. High-energy and low-energy collision-induced dissociation of protonated flavonoids generated by MALDI and by electrospray ionization. Int J Mass Spectrom 262: 51-66.
86. Marchese S, Gentili A, Perret D, Ascenzo GD, Pastori F,. 2003. Quadrupole time-of-flight versus triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in surface water by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17: 879-886. (Pubitemid 36542050)
87. Marek LJ, Koskinen WC,. 2007. Multiresidue analysis of seven anticoagulant rodenticides by high-performance liquid chromatography/ electrospray/mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 55: 571-576.
88. Marquet P, Lachâtre G,. 1999. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Potential in forensic and clinical toxicology. J Chromatogr B 733: 93-118. (Pubitemid 29481767)
89. Marquet P, Venisse N, Lacassie É, Lachâtre G,. 2000. In-source CID mass spectral libraries for the "general unknown" screening of drugs and toxicants. Analusis 28: 925-934. (Pubitemid 32381247)
90. Marquet P, Saint-Marcoux F, Gamble TN, Leblanc JCY,. 2003. Comparison of a preliminary procedure for the general unknown screening of drugs and toxic compounds using a quadrupole-linear ion-trap mass spectrometer with a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry reference technique. J Chromatogr 789: 9-18. (Pubitemid 36513782)
91. Martins-Júnior HA, Lebre DT, Wang AY, Pires MA, Bustillos OV,. 2009. An alternative and fast method for determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) residues in soybean using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 23: 1029-1034.
92. Mazzarino M, de la Torre X, Botrè F,. 2008. A screening method for the simultaneous detection of glucocorticoids, diuretics, stimulants, anti-oestrogens, beta-adrenergic drugs and anabolic steroids in human urine by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 392: 681-698.
93. Montange D, Bérard M, Demarchi M, Muret P, Piédoux S, Kantelip JP, Royer B,. 2010. An APCI LC-MS/MS method for routine determination of capecitabine and its metabolites in human plasma. J Mass Spectrom 45: 670-677.
94. Mueller CA, Weinmann W, Dresen S, Schreiber A, Gergov M,. 2005. Development of a multi-target screening analysis for 301 drugs using a QTrap liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry system and automated library searching. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19: 1332-1338. (Pubitemid 40728148)
95. Müller DM, Rentsch KM,. 2010. Therapeutic drug monitoring by LC-MS-MS with special focus on anti-infective drugs. Anal Bioanal Chem 398: 2573-2594.
96. Ng CS, Law TY, Cheung YK, Ng PC, Choi KK,. 2010. Development of a screening method for the detection of analogues of sildenafil and vardenafil by the use of liquid chromatograph coupled with triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Anal Methods 2: 890-896.
97. Niessen WMA,. 1998. Analysis of antibiotics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 812: 53-76.
98. Niessen WMA,. 2005. Mass spectrometry of antibiotics. In:, Nibbering NMM, editor. Encyclopedia of mass spectrometry. Volume 4: Fundamentals of and applications of organic (and organometallic) compounds. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd. pp 822-837.
99. Niessen WMA,. 2010. Group-specific fragmentation of pesticides and related compounds in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1217: 4061-4070.
100. Niessen WMA,. 2011. Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in positive-ion liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom Rev 30: 626-663.
101. Olejnik M, Szprengier-Juszkiewicz T, Jedziniak P,. 2009. Multi-residue confirmatory method for the determination of twelve coccidiostats in chicken liver using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1216: 8141-8148.
102. Parekh SA, Pudage A, Joshi SS, Vaidya VV, Gomes NA, Kamat SS,. 2008. Simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide, quinapril and quinaprilat in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 873: 59-69.
103. Partani P, Gurule S, Khuroo A, Monif T, Bhardwaj S,. 2010. Liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of cefuroxime in human plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B 878: 428-434.
104. Pedrouzo M, Borrull F, Pocurull E, Marcé RM,. 2009. Estrogens and their conjugates: Determination in water samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 78: 1327-1331.
105. Pereira AS, Bicalho B, Ilha JO, De Nucci G,. 2008. Analysis of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers using negative ion photoionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 46: 35-41.
106. Petrović M, Hernando MD, Díaz-Cruz MS, Barcelõ D,. 2005. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of pharmaceutical residues in environmental samples: A review. J Chromatogr A 1067: 1-14. (Pubitemid 40363388)
107. n multiresidue determination of amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, thifensulfuron methyl, tribenuron methyl and azoxystrobin in surface waters. Anal Chim Acta 579: 146-151. (Pubitemid 44485639)
108. Pozo OJ, Ventura R, Monfort N, Segura J, Delbeke FT,. 2009. Evaluation of different scan methods for the urinary detection of corticosteroid metabolites by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 44: 929-944.
109. Qin XZ,. 2003. Collision-induced dissociation of the negative ions of simvastatin hydroxy acid and related species. J Mass Spectrom 38: 677-686.
110. Qin Y, Wang XB, Wang C, Zhao M, Wu MT, Xu YX, Peng SQ,. 2003. Application of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to detection of diuretics in human urine. J Chromatogr B 794: 193-203. (Pubitemid 36897640)
111. Rabbolini S, Verardo E, Da Col M, Gioacchini AM, Traldi P,. 1998. Negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the structural characterization of penicillins. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 12: 1820-1826. (Pubitemid 28532325)
112. Rentsch KM,. 2003. Sensitive and specific determination of eight antiretroviral agents in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 788: 339-350. (Pubitemid 36428537)
113. Rodríguez R, Mañes J, Picõ Y,. 2003. Off-line solid-phase microextraction and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry to determine acidic pesticides in fruits. Anal Chem 75: 452-459. (Pubitemid 36176715)
114. Rønning HT, Einarsen K, Asp TN,. 2006. Determination of chloramphenicol residues in meat, seafood, egg, honey, milk, plasma and urine with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the validation of the method based on 2002/657/EC. J Chromatogr A 1118: 226-233. (Pubitemid 43795000)
115. Sannino A, Bandini M,. 2005. Determination of seven benzoylphenylurea insecticides in processed fruit and vegetables using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19: 2729-2733. (Pubitemid 41383353)
116. Santilio A, Stefanelli P, Girolimetti S, Dommarco R,. 2011. Determination of acidic herbicides in cereals by QuEChERS extraction and LC/MS/MS. J Environ Sci Health B 46: 535-543.
117. Sauvage F-L, Saint-Marcoux F, Duretz B, Deporte D, Lachatre G, Marquet P,. 2006. Screening of drugs and toxic compounds with liquid chromatography-linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 52: 1735-1742. (Pubitemid 44330708)
118. Sauvage F-L, Picard N, Saint-Marcoux F, Gaulier JM, Lachâtre G, Marquet P,. 2009. General unknown screening procedure for the characterization of human drug metabolites in forensic toxicology: Applications and constraints. J Sep Sci 32: 3074-3083.
119. Schwope DM, Scheidweiler KB, Huestis MA,. 2011. Direct quantification of cannabinoids and cannabinoid glucuronides in whole blood by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 401: 1273-1283.
120. Segura PA, Tremblay P, Picard P, Gagnon C, Sauvé S,. 2010. High-throughput quantitation of seven sulfonamide residues in dairy milk using laser diode thermal desorption-negative mode atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 58: 1442-1446.
121. Sharma D, Nagpal A, Pakade YB, Katnoria JK,. 2010. Analytical methods for estimation of organophosphorus pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables: A review. Talanta 82: 1077-1089.
122. Sheridan R, Policastro B, Thomas S, Rice D,. 2008. Analysis and occurrence of 14 sulfonamide antibacterials and chloramphenicol in honey by solid-phase extraction followed by LC/MS/MS analysis. J Agric Food Chem 56: 3509-3516. (Pubitemid 351860147)
123. Sousa MA, Gonçalves C, Cunha E, Hajšlová J, Alpendurada MF,. 2011. Cleanup strategies and advantages in the determination of several therapeutic classes of pharmaceuticals in wastewater samples by SPE-LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 399: 807-822.
124. Spell JC, Srinivasan K, Stewart JT, Bartlett MG,. 1998. Supercritical fluid extraction and negative ion electrospray liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of phenobarbital, butalbital, pentobarbital and thiopental in human serum. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 12: 890-894. (Pubitemid 28310009)
125. Stephanson N, Josefsson M, Kronstrand R, Beck O,. 2008. Accurate identification and quantification of 11-nor-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9- carboxylic acid in urine drug testing: Evaluation of a direct high efficiency liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric method. J Chromatogr B 871: 101-108.
126. Straub RF, Voyksner RD,. 1993. Determination of penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cloxacillin and cephapirin by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr 647 (1): 167-181. (Pubitemid 23276457)
127. Suenami K, Wah Lim L, Takeuchi T, Sasajima Y, Sato K, Takekoshi Y, Kanno S,. 2006a. Direct determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by column-switching LC-MS. J Sep Sci 29: 2725-2732. (Pubitemid 46075510)
128. Suenami K, Lim LW, Takeuchi T, Sasajima Y, Sato K, Takekoshi Y, Kanno S,. 2006b. Rapid and simultaneous determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human plasma by LC-MS with solid-phase extraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 384: 1501-1505.
129. Sun Y, Gu C, Liu X, Liang W, Yao P, Bolton JL, van Breemen RB,. 2005. Ultrafiltration tandem mass spectrometry of estrogens for characterization of structure and affinity for human estrogen receptors. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 16: 271-279. (Pubitemid 40203150)
130. Thevis M, Schänzer W,. 2005. Examples of doping control analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Ephedrines, beta-receptor blocking agents, diuretics, sympathomimetics, and cross-linked hemoglobins. J Chromatogr Sci 43: 22-31. (Pubitemid 40165471)
131. Thevis M, Schänzer W,. 2007. Mass spectrometry in sports drug testing: Structure characterization and analytical assays. Mass Spectrom Rev 26: 79-107. (Pubitemid 46051814)
132. Thevis M, Schänzer W,. 2008. Mass spectrometry of selective androgen receptor modulators. J Mass Spectrom 43: 865-876. (Pubitemid 352029655)
133. Thevis M, Kohler M, Schlörer N, Kamber M, Kühn A, Linscheid MW, Schänzer W,. 2008a. Mass spectrometry of hydantoin-derived selective androgen receptor modulators. J Mass Spectrom 43: 639-650. (Pubitemid 351785690)
134. Thevis M, Kohler M, Thomas A, Maurer J, Schlörer N, Kamber M, Schänzer W,. 2008b. Determination of benzimidazole- and bicyclic hydantoin-derived selective androgen receptor antagonists and agonists in human urine using LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 391: 251-261.
135. Thurman EM, Ferrer I, Barcelõ D,. 2001. Choosing between atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization interfaces for the HPLC/MS analysis of pesticides. Anal Chem 73: 5441-5449. (Pubitemid 33108553)
136. Thurman EM, Ferrer I, Pozo OJ, Sancho JV, Hernández F,. 2007. The even-electron rule in electrospray mass spectra of pesticides. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 21: 3855-3868. (Pubitemid 350220694)
137. Tian L, Jiang J, Huang Y, Xu L, Liu H, Li Y,. 2006. Determination of aranidipine and its active metabolite in human plasma by liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20: 2871-2877. (Pubitemid 44526624)
138. Touber ME, van Engelen MC, Georgakopoulus C, van Rhijn JA, Nielen MW,. 2007. Multi-detection of corticosteroids in sports doping and veterinary control using high-resolution liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 586: 137-146. (Pubitemid 46240017)
139. Tsai TF, Lee MR,. 2008. Liquid-phase microextration combined with liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for detecting diuretics in urine. Talanta 75: 658-665.
140. Turpeinen U, Hämäläinen E, Stenman UH,. 2008. Determination of aldosterone in serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 862: 113-118. (Pubitemid 351173016)
141. Valenzuela AI, Picõ Y, Font G,. 2000. Liquid chromatography/ atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometric analysis of benzoylurea insecticides in citrus fruits. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 14: 572-577. (Pubitemid 30170358)
142. Van Hoof N, De Wasch K, Poelmans S, Noppe H, De Brabander H,. 2004. Multi-residue liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in bovine muscle: Optimisation of ion trap parameters. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18: 2823-2829. (Pubitemid 39576825)
143. Vinci F, Fabbrocino S, Fiori M, Serpe L, Gallo P,. 2006. Determination of fourteen non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in animal serum and plasma by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20: 3412-3420. (Pubitemid 44763941)
144. Wang Z, Hop CE, Kim MS, Huskey SE, Baillie TA, Guan Z,. 2003. The unanticipated loss of SO2 from sulfonamides in collision-induced dissociation. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17: 81-86. (Pubitemid 36019886)
145. Wang QL, Zhang AZ, Pan X, Chen LR,. 2010. Simultaneous determination of sex hormones in egg products by ZnCl2 depositing lipid, solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 678: 108-116.
146. Weinmann W, Dresen S,. 2007. Database of QTrap LC-MS-MS mass spectra. The 2007 version of the library (∼1250 compounds) (http://www.chemicalsoft.de/ MSMS-QTrap/MSMS-QTrap-index.php) contains both positive-ion and negative-ion MS-MS mass spectra.
147. Weinmann W, Wiedemann A, Eppinger B, Renz M, Svoboda M,. 1999. Screening for drugs in serum by electrospray ionization/collision-induced dissociation and library searching. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 10: 1028-1037. (Pubitemid 34498688)
148. Weissberg A, Dagan S,. 2011. Interpretation of ESI(+)-MS-MS spectra-Towards the identification of "unknowns ". Int J Mass Spectrom 299: 158-168.
149. Williams JP, Nibbering NM, Green BN, Patel VJ, Scrivens JH,. 2006. Collision-induced fragmentation pathways including odd-electron ion formation from desorption electrospray ionisation generated protonated and deprotonated drugs derived from tandem accurate mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 41: 1277-1286. (Pubitemid 44671879)
150. Wollein U, Eisenreich W, Schramek N,. 2011. Identification of novel sildenafil-analogues in an adulterated herbal food supplement. J Pharm Biomed Anal 56: 705-712.
151. Wong CH, Tang FP, Wan TS,. 2011. A broad-spectrum equine urine screening method for free and enzyme-hydrolysed conjugated drugs with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 697: 48-60.
152. Wood A,. 2011. Compendium of pesticide common names, www.alanwood.net/ pesticides
153. Yakkundi S, Cannavan A, Elliott CT, Lovgren T, Kennedy DG,. 2001. Development and validation of a method for the confirmation of nicarbazin in chicken liver and eggs using LC-electrospray MS-MS according to the revised EU criteria for veterinary drug residue analysis. Analyst 126: 1985-1989. (Pubitemid 33097130)
154. Yoshioka N, Asano M, Kuse A, Mitsuhashi T, Nagasaki Y, Ueno Y,. 2011. Rapid determination of glyphosate, glufosinate, bialaphos, and their major metabolites in serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1218: 3675-3680.
155. Zhang JY, Wang Y, Dudkowski C, Yang D, Chang M, Yuan J, Paulson SK, Breau AP,. 2000. Characterization of metabolites of Celecoxib in rabbits by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 35: 1259-1270.
156. Zhang JY, Fast DM, Breau AP,. 2003. Determination of valdecoxib and its metabolites in human urine by automated solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 785: 123-134. (Pubitemid 36078444)
157. Zhang JY, Xu F, Breau AP,. 2004. Collision-induced dissociation of valdecoxib metabolites: A novel rearrangement involving an isoxazole ring. J Mass Spectrom 39: 295-302. (Pubitemid 38372424)