Carbon nanostructures as nerve scaffolds for repairing large gaps in severed nerves

Ceramics International

Volumn 38, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 6075-6090

  Tavangarian, Fariborz ^a   Li, Yiyao ^b  

^a Louisiana State University   (United States)

^b Tulane University   (United States)

Author keywords

B. nanocomposites; D. carbon; E. biomedical applications

Indexed keywords

CARBON; MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; REPAIR; TISSUE REGENERATION;

CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES; E. BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; NANOSCALE DIMENSIONS; NERVE TISSUE ENGINEERING; ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURE;

NANOSTRUCTURES;

EID: 84865716334     PISSN: 02728842     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.05.038     Document Type: Review

References (258)

1. H. Cohen Neuroscience for Rehabilitation second ed. 1993 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Philadelphia, PA, New York
2. Y.C. Huang, and Y.Y. Huang Biomaterials and strategies for nerve regeneration Artificial Organs 30 2006 514 522
3. N. Zhang, H. Yan, and X. Wen Tissue-engineering approaches for axonal guidance Brain Research Reviews 49 2005 48 64
4. M. Bahr, and F. Bonhoeffer Perspectives on axonal regeneration in the mammalian CNS Trends Neuroscience 17 1994 473 479
5. D. Belen, A. Aciduman, and U. Er History of peripheral nerve repair: may the procedure have been practiced in Hippocratic School? Surgery Neurology 72 2009 190 193
6. J.K. Terzis, and K.J. Smith Repair of severed peripheral nerves: Comparison of the de Medinaceli and standard microsuture methods Experimental Neurology 96 1987 672 680
7. 〈http://www.sci-info-pages.com/factsheets.html〉 (accessed January 2012)
8. X. Navarro, M. Vivo, and A. Valero-Cabre Neural plasticity after peripheral nerve injury and regeneration Progress in Neurobiology 82 2007 163 201
9. L. Zhang, and T.J. Webster Nanotechnology and nanomaterials: promises for improved tissue regeneration Nano Today 4 2009 66 80
10. L. Zhang, B. Ercan, and T.J. Webster Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers for tissue engineering applications C. Liu, The Area of 'Carbon' 2009 Research Signpost Trivandrum
11. C. Cunha, S. Panseri, and S. Antonini Emerging nanotechnology approaches in tissue engineering for peripheral nerve regeneration Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology 7 2011 50 59
12. P. Wang, Z. Zhou, and Q. Dong Small gap anastomosis to repair peripheral nerve rupture using a nerve regeneration chamber constructed by scissoring and sleeve jointing autologous epineurium Neural Regeneration Research 6 2011 623 628
13. A. Valero-Cabré, K. Tsironis, E. Skouras, G. Perego, X. Navarro, and W.F. Neiss Superior muscle reinnervation after autologous nerve graft or poly-L-lactide-epsilon-caprolactone (PLC) tube implantation in comparison to silicone tube repair Journal of Neuroscience Research 63 2001 214 223
14. J.G. Spector, and P. Lee Axonal regeneration in severed peripheral facial nerve of the rabbit: relation of the number of axonal regenerates to behavioral and evoked muscle activity Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 107 1998 141 148
15. L. Wan, and L. Xuequn Electrical stimulation effects on PNS injury and repair are mediated by accelerating intracellular trafficking? International Review of Neurobiology 87 2009 141 172
16. E. Raibon, Y. Sauvé, D.A. Carter, and F. Gaillard Microglial changes accompanying the promotion of retinal ganglion cell axonal regeneration into peripheral nerve grafts Journal of Neurocytology 31 2002 57 71
17. 2-laser in a primate model Neurosurgery 32 1993 1011 1014
18. S.M. Willerth, and S.E. Sakiyama-Elbert Approaches to neural tissue engineering using scaffolds for drug delivery Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 59 2007 325 388
19. M. Dadsetan, A.M. Knight, L. Lu, A.J. Windebank, and M.J. Yaszemski Stimulation of neurite outgrowth using positively charged hydrogels Biomaterials 30 2009 3874 3881
20. C.M. Valmikinathan, V.J. Mukhatyar, A. Jain, L. Karumbaiah, M. Dasari, and R.V. Bellamkonda Photocrosslinkable chitosan based hydrogels for neural tissue engineering Soft Matterials 8 2012 1964 1976
21. S. Serel, B. Kaya, Y. Sara, R. Onur, and A.O. Heper Is it possible to prefabricate a vascularized peripheral nerve graft? Annals of Plastic Surgery 64 2010 323 326
22. F. Stang, G. Keilhoff, and H. Fansa Biocompatibility of different nerve tubes Materials 2 2009 1480 1507
23. I. Kardas, W. Marcol, A. Niekraszewicz, M. Kucharska, D. Ciechańska, and D. Wawro Utilization of biodegradable polymers for peripheral nerve reconstruction Progress in the Chemistry of Applications of Chitin and its Derivatives 15 2010 159 168
24. S. Kehoe, X.F. Zhang, and D. Boyd FDA approved guidance conduits and wraps for peripheral nerve injury: a review of materials and efficacy Injury 43 2011 553 572
25. W. Yu, W. Zhao, C. Zhu, X. Zhang, D. Ye, W. Zhang, Y. Zhou, X. Jiang, and Z. Zhang Sciatic nerve regeneration in rats by a promising electrospun collagen/poly(ε-caprolactone) nerve conduit with tailored degradation rate BMC Neuroscience 12 2011 68
26. H.H. Nash, R.C. Borke, and J.J. Anders Ensheathing cells and methylprednisolone promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery in the lesioned adult rat spinal cord Journal of Neuroscience 22 2002 7111 7120
27. A. Mingorance, X. Fontana, M. Solé, F. Burgaya, J.M. Ureña, and F.Y. Teng Regulation of Nogo and Nogo receptor during the development of the entorhino-hippocampal pathway and after adult hippocampal lesions Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 26 2004 34 49
28. C.A. Willson, M. Irizarry-Ramírez, H.E. Gaskins, L. Cruz-Orengo, J.D. Figueroa, and S.R. Whittemore Upregulation of EphA receptor expression in the injured adult rat spinal cord Cell Transplantation 11 2002 229 239
29. A. El Maarouf, A.K. Petridis, and U. Rutishauser Use of polysialic acid in repair of the central nervous system Proceedings of the National academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103 2006 16989 16994
30. M.H. Tuszynski, R. Grill, L.L. Jones, H.M. McKay, and A. Blesch Spontaneous and augmented growth of axons in the primate spinal cord: effects of local injury and nerve growth factor-secreting cell grafts Journal of Comparative Neurology 449 2002 88 101
31. J.K. Alexander, B. Fuss, and R.J. Colello Electric field-induced astrocyte alignment directs neurite outgrowth Neuron Glia Biology 2 2006 93 103
32. Y. Li, D. Li, and G. Raisman Interaction of olfactory ensheathing cells with astrocytes may be the key to repair of tract injuries in the spinal cord: the 'pathway hypothesis Journal of Neurology 34 2005 343 351
33. Y. Chiba, S. Kuroda, K. Maruichi, T. Osanai, M. Hokari, and S. Yano Transplanted bone marrow stromal cells promote axonal regeneration and improve motor function in a rat spinal cord injury model Neurosurgery 64 2009 991 999
34. E.N. Kozlova Strategies to repair lost sensory connections to the spinal cord Molecular Biology 42 2008 729 737
35. B.S. Harrison, and A. Atala Carbon nanotube applications for tissue engineering Biomaterials 28 2007 344 353
36. D.K. Cullen, J.A. Wolf, D.H. Smith, and B.J. Pfister Neural tissue engineering for neuroregeneration and biohybridized interface microsystems in vivo (Part 2) Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 39 2011 241 259
37. K.D. Barron The microglial cell. A historical review Journal of Neurological Sciences 134 1995 57 68
38. S.T. Carmichael Cellular and molecular mechanisms of neural repair after stroke: making waves Annals of Neurology 59 2006 735 742
39. N. Sinis, H.E. Schaller, C. Schulte-Eversum, B. Schlosshauer, M. Doser, and K. Dietz Tissue engineering of peripheral nerves International Review of Neurobiology 87 2009 227 249
40. Z. Zhang, C. Ren, C. Zhang, F. Liu, and L. Li Bridging sciatic nerve gap using tissue-engineered nerves constructed with neural tissue-committed stem cells derived from bone marrow Neural Regeneration Research 4 2009 344 349
41. A. Subramanian, U.M. Krishnan, and S. Sethuraman Development of biomaterial scaffold for nerve tissue engineering: biomaterial mediated neural regeneration Journal of Biomedical Science 16 2009 108
42. W. Potter, R.E. Kalil, and W.J. Kao Biomimetic material systems for neural progenitor cell-based therapy Frontiers in Bioscience 13 2008 806 821
43. M. Jurga, M.B. Dainiak, A. Sarnowska, A. Jablonska, A. Tripathi, and F.M. Plieva The performance of laminin-containing cryogel scaffolds in neural tissue regeneration Biomaterials 32 2011 3423 3434
44. J.L. Gilmore, X. Yi, L. Quan, and A.V. Kabanov Novel nanomaterials for clinical neuroscience Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology 3 2008 83 94
45. J.Y. Chang, J.H. Lin, C.H. Yao, J.H. Chen, T.Y. Lai, and Y.S. Chen In vivo evaluation of a biodegradable EDC/NHS-cross-linked gelatin peripheral nerve guide conduit material Micromolecular Bioscience 7 2007 500 507
46. B. Chaudhry, H. Ashton, A. Muhamed, M. Yost, S. Bull, and D. Frankel Nanoscale viscoelastic properties of an aligned collagen scaffold Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 20 2009 257 263
47. J.D. Flax, S. Aurora, C. Yang, C. Simonin, A.M. Wills, and L.L. Billinghurst Engraftable human neural stem cells respond to developmental cues, replace neurons, and express foreign genes Nature Biotechnology 16 1998 1033 1039
48. F. Yang, R. Murugan, S. Wang, and S. Ramakrishna Electrospinning of nano/micro scale poly(L-lactic acid) aligned fibers and their potential in neural tissue engineering Biomaterials 26 2005 2603 2610
49. S.K. Kang, D.H. Lee, Y.C. Bae, H.K. Kim, S.Y. Baik, and J.S. Jung Improvement of neurological deficits by intracerebral transplantation of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells after cerebral ischemia in rats Experimental Neurology 183 2003 355 366
50. J.E. Babensee, L.V. McIntire, and A.G. Mikos Growth factor delivery for tissue engineering Pharmaceutical Research 17 2000 497 504
51. X. Liu, and P.X. Ma Polymeric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering Annals of Biomedical Engineering 32 2004 477 486
52. F. Yang, R. Murugan, S. Ramakrishna, X. Wang, Y.X. Ma, and S. Wang Fabrication of nano-structured porous PLLA scaffold intended for nerve tissue engineering Biomaterials 25 2004 1891 1900
53. J.R. Jacobs Perturbed glial scaffold formation precede axon tract malformation in drosophila mutants Journal of Neurobiology 24 1993 611 626
54. H. Shin, S. Jo, and A.G. Mikos Biomimetic materials for tissue engineering Biomaterial 24 2003 4353 4364
55. X. Gu, F. Ding, Y. Yang, and J. Liu Construction of tissue engineered nerve grafts and their application in peripheral nerve regeneration Progress in Neurobiology 93 2011 204 230
56. R. Deumens, A. Bozkurt, M.F. Meek, M.A.E. Marcus, E.A.J. Joosten, J. Weis, and G.A. Brook Repairing injured peripheral nerves: bridging the gap Progress in Neurobiology 92 2010 245 276
57. B. Schlosshauer, L. Dreesmann, H.E. Schaller, and N. Sinis Synthetic nerve guide implants in humans: a comprehensive survey Neurosurgery 59 2006 740 748
58. C.L. Vleggeert-Lankamp, J. Wolfs, A.P. Pego, R. van den Berg, H. Feirabend, and E. Lakke Pores in synthetic nerve conduits are beneficial to regeneration Journal of Biomedial Materials Research Part A 80 2007 965 982
59. C.L. Vleggeert-Lankamp, J. Wolfs, A.P. Pego, R. van den Berg, H. Feirabend, and E. Lakke Effect of nerve graft porosity on the refractory period of regenerating nerve fibers Journal of Neurosurgery 109 2008 294 305
60. N. Ashammakhi, A. Ndreu, L. Nikkola, I. Wimpenny, and Y. Yang Advancing tissue engineering by using electrospun nanofibers Regenerative Medicine 3 2008 547 574
61. W. Wang, S. Itoh, A. Matsuda, T. Aizawa, M. Demura, and S. Ichinose Enhanced nerve regeneration through a bilayered chitosan tube: the effect of introduction of glycine spacer into the CYIGSK sequence Journal of Biomedial Materials Research Part A 85 2008 919 928
62. Y. Sakai, Y. Matsuyama, K. Takahashi, T. Sato, T. Hattori, and S. Nakashima New artificial nerve conduits made with photocrosslinked hyaluronic acid for peripheral nerve regeneration Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 17 2007 191 197
63. V.L. Chavez, L. Song, S. Barau, X. Li, D.Y. Zhao, K. Rege, and B.D. Vogt Impact of nanopore morphology on osteoblast viability on mesoporous polymer and carbon surfaces Acta Biomaterialia 6 2010 3035 3043
64. T. Stieglitz Considerations on surface and structural biocompatibility as prerequisite for long-term stability of neural prostheses Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 4 2004 496 503
65. H.S. Koh, T. Yong, C.K. Chan, and S. Ramakrishna Enhancement of neurite outgrowth using nano-structured scaffolds coupled with laminin Biomaterials 29 2008 3574 3582
66. D. Khang, J.L. McKenzie, and T.J. Webster Carbon nanofibers:polycarbonate urethane composites as a neural biomaterial Bioengineering Conference 17 2004 241 242
67. L. Ghasemi-Mobarakeh, M.P. Prabhakaran, M. Morshed, M.H. Nasr-Esfahani, H. Baharvand, and S. Kiani Application of conductive polymers, scaffolds and electrical stimulation for nerve tissue engineering Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 5 2011 17 35
68. J.A. Stella, A.D. Amore, W.R. Wagner, and M.S. Sacks On the biomechanical function of scaffolds for engineering load-bearing soft tissues Acta Biomaterialia 6 2010 2365 2381
69. C.R. Lamar, W. Gardner, A. Brazda, and R.A. Kesterson Surface strategies for control of neuronal cell adhesion: a review Surface Science 65 2010 145 173
70. S. Möllers, I. Heschel, L.H. Damink, F. Schügner, R. Deumens, and B. Müller Cytocompatibility of a novel, longitudinally microstructured collagen scaffold intended for nerve tissue repair Tissue Engineering Part A 15 2009 461 472
71. P.H. Long Medical devices in orthopedic applications Toxicologic Pathology 36 2008 85 91
72. U.M. Krishnan, and S. Sethuraman Development of biomaterial scaffold for nerve tissue engineering: biomaterial mediated neural regeneration Journal of Biomedical Science 16 2009 108
73. N. Gomez, J.Y. Lee, J.D. Nickels, and C.E. Schmidt Micropatterned polypyrrole: a combination of electrical and topographical characteristics for the stimulation of cells Advanced Functional Materials 17 2007 1645 1653
74. M.B. Runge, M. Dadsetan, J. Baltrusaitis, A.M. Knight, T. Ruesink, and E.A. Lazcano The development of electrically conductive polycaprolactone fumarate-polypyrrole composite materials for nerve regeneration Biomaterials 31 2010 5916 5926
75. J.Y. Lee, C.A. Bashur, C.A. Milroy, L. Forciniti, A.S. Goldstein, and C.E. Schmidt Nerve growth factor-immobilized electrically conducting fibrous scaffolds for potential use in neural engineering applications NanoBioscience 11 2012 15 21
76. T. Waitayawinyu, D.M. Parisi, B. Miller, S. Luria, H.J. Morton, S.H. Chin, and T.E. Trumble A comparison of polyglycolic acid versus type 1 collagen bioabsorbable nerve conduits in a rat model: an alternative to autografting Journal of Hand Surgery 32 2007 1521 1529
77. S.H. Hsu, S.H. Chan, C.M. Chiang, C. Chen, and C.F. Jiang Peripheral nerve regeneration using a microporous polylactic acid asymmetric conduit in a rabbit long-gap sciatic nerve transection model Biomaterials 32 2011 3764 3775
78. D. Yucel, G.T. Kose, and V. Hasirci Polyester based nerve guidance conduit design Biomaterials 31 2010 1596 1603
79. E.W. Henry, T.H. Chiu, E. Nyilas, T.M. Brushart, P. Dikkes, and R.L. Sidman Nerve regeneration through biodegradable polyester tubes Experimental Neurology 90 1985 652 676
80. H. Molander, O. Engkvist, J. Hägglund, Y. Olsson, and E. TorebjöPkt Nerve repair using a polyglactin tube and nerve graft: an experimental study in the rabbit Biomaterials 4 1983 276 280
81. I.H. Whitworth, R.A. Brown, C.J. Doré, P. Anand, C.J. Green, and G. Terenghi Nerve growth factor enhances nerve regeneration through fibronectin grafts Journal of Hand Surgery 21 1996 514 522
82. S. Yoshii, M. Oka, M. Shima, A. Taniguchi, and M. Akagi 30 mm regeneration of rat sciatic nerve along collagen filaments Brain Research 949 2002 202 208
83. F. Stang, H. Fansa, G. Wolf, M. Reppin, and G. Keilhoff Structural parameters of collagen nerve grafts influence peripheral nerve regeneration Biomaterials 26 2005 3083 3091
84. L. Luckenbill-Edds Laminin and the mechanism of neuronal outgrowth Brain Research Reviews 23 1997 1 27
85. D.J. Trigg, K.M. OGrady, T. Bhattacharyya, M. Reinke, and D.M. Toriumi Peripheral nerve regeneration: comparison of laminin and acidic fibroblast growth factor American Journal of Otolaryngology 19 1998 29 32
86. J.K. Terzis, D.D. Sun, and P.K. Thanos Historical and basic science review: past, present, and future of nerve repair Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 13 1997 215 225
87. H.S. Neto, M.C. Somazz, M.J. Marques, and R.M. Teodori Axonal regeneration through muscle autografts submitted to local anaesthetic pretreatment British Journal of Plastic Surgery 51 1998 555 560
88. R. Levinthal, W.J. Brown, and R.W. Rand Fascicular nerve allograft evaluation, Part 1: comparison with autografts by light microscopy Journal of Neurosurgery 48 1978 423 427
89. H. Fansa, G. Keilhoff, G. Wolf, and W. Schneider Tissue engineering of peripheral nerves: a comparison of venous and acellular muscle grafts with cultured Schwann cells Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 107 2001 485 494
90. H. Fansa, and G. Keilhoff Comparison of different biogenic matrices seeded with cultured Schwann cells for bridging peripheral nerve defects Neurology Research 26 2004 167 173
91. S.C. Haase, J.M. Rovak, R.G. Dennis, W.M. Kuzon, and P.S. Cederna Recovery of muscle contractile function following nerve gap repair with chemically acellularized peripheral nerve grafts Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 19 2003 241 248
92. P. Lesný, J. De Croos, M. Prádný, J. Vacík, J. Michálek, S. Woerly, and E. Syková Polymer hydrogels usable for nervous tissue repair Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 23 2002 243 247
93. S.Y. Chew, R. Mi, A. Hoke, and K.W. Leong Aligned protein-polymer composite fibers enhance nerve regeneration: a potential tissue-engineering platform Advanced Functional Materials 17 2007 1288 1296
94. M. Oudega, S.E. Gautier, P. Chapon, M. Fragoso, M.L. Bates, and J.M. Parel Axonal regeneration into Schwann cell grafts within resorbable poly(alpha-hydroxyacid) guidance channels in the adult rat spinal cord Biomaterials 22 2001 1125 1136
95. M. Radisic, H. Park, S. Gerecht, R. Langer, and G. Vunjak-Novakovic Biomimetic approach to cardiac tissue engineering Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 362 2007 1357 1368
96. M.S. Widmer, P.K. Gupta, L. Lu, R.K. Meszlenyi, G.R. Evans, and K. Brandt Manufacture of porous biodegradable polymer conduits by an extrusion process for guided tissue regeneration Biomaterials 19 1998 1945 1955
97. A.P. Pêgo, A.A. Poot, D.W. Grijpma, and J. Feijen Biodegradable elastomeric scaffolds for soft tissue engineering Journal of Controlled Release 87 2003 69 79
98. Z. She, C. Jin, Z. Huang, B. Zhang, Q. Feng, and Y. Xu Silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold: preparation, characterization, and culture with HepG2 cell Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 19 2008 3545 3553
99. M. Rafat, F. Li, P. Fagerholm, N.S. Lagali, M.A. Watsky, and R. Munger PEG-stabilized carbodiimide crosslinked collagen-chitosan hydrogels for corneal tissue engineering Biomaterials 29 2008 3960 3972
100. H. Yoshimoto, Y.M. Shin, H. Terai, and J.P. Vacanti A biodegradable nanofiber scaffold by electrospinning and its potential for bone tissue engineering Biomaterials 24 2003 2077 2082
101. X. Zong, K. Kim, D. Fang, S. Ran, B. Hsiao, and B. Chu Structure and process relationship of electrospun bioabsorbable nanofiber membranes Polymer 43 2002 4403 4412
102. E.T. Thostenson, Z. Ren, and T.W. Chou Advances in the science and technology of carbon nanotubes and their composites: a review Composites Science and Technology 61 2001 1899 1912
103. A. Yokoyama, Y. Sato, Y. Nodasaka, S. Yamamoto, T. Kawasaki, M. Shindoh, T. Kohgo, T. Akasaka, M. Uo, F. Watari, and K. Tohji Biological behavior of hat-stacked carbon nanofibers in the subcutaneous tissue in rats Nano Letters 5 2005 157 161
104. K.L. Klein, A.V. Melechko, T.E. McKnight, S.T. Retterer, P.D. Rack, J.D. Fowlkes, D.C. Joy, and M.L. Simpson Surface characterization and functionalization of carbon nanofibers Journal of Applied Physics 103 2008 061301 061326
105. P.A. Tran, L. Zhang, and T.J. Webster Carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes in regenerative medicine Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 61 2009 1097 1114
106. M. Foldvari, and M. Bagonluri Carbon nanotubes as functional excipients for nanomedicines: II. Drug delivery and biocompatibility issues Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology 4 2008 183 200
107. P. Galvan-Garcia, E.W. Keefer, F. Yang, M. Zhang, S. Fang, A.A. Zakhidov, R.H. Baughman, and M.I. Romero Robust cell migration and neuronal growth on pristine carbon nanotube sheets and yarns Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition 18 2007 1245 1261
108. E. Jan, and N.A. Kotov Successful differentiation of mouse neural stem cells on layer-by-layer assembled single-walled carbon nanotube composite Nano Letters 7 2007 1123 1128
109. M.P. Mattson, R.C. Haddon, and A.M. Rao Molecular functionalization of carbon nanotubes and use as substrates for neuronal growth Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 14 2000 175 182
110. G. Bardi, P. Tognini, G. Ciofani, V. Raffa, M. Costa, and T. Pizzorusso Pluronic-coated carbon nanotubes do not induce degeneration of cortical neurons in vivo and in vitro Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology 5 2009 96 104
111. K.D. Sattler handbook of Nanophysics: Nanomedicine and Nanorobotics 2011 CRC Press Taylor &Francis Group Boca Raton, London, New York
112. H. Hu, Y. Ni, V. Montana, R.C. Haddon, and V. Parpura Chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes as substrates for neuronal growth Nano Letters 4 2004 507 511
113. A. Mazzatenta, M. Giugliano, S. Campidelli, L. Gambazzi, L. Businaro, H. Markram, M. Prato, and L. Ballerini Interfacing neurons with carbon nanotubes: electrical signal transfer and synaptic stimulation in cultured brain circuits Journal of Neuroscience 27 2007 6931 6936
114. V. Lovat, D. Pantarotto, L. Lagostena, B. Cacciari, M. Grandolfo, M. Righi, G. Spalluto, M. Prato, and L. Ballerini Carbon nanotube substrates boost neuronal electrical signaling Nano Letters 5 2005 1107 1110
115. M.K. Gheith, V.A. Sinani, J.P. Wicksted, R.L. Matts, and N.A. Kotov Single-walled carbon nanotube polyelectrolyte multilayers and freestanding films as a biocompatible platform for neuroprosthetic implants Advanced Materials 17 2005 2663 2670
116. W.H. Suh, K.S. Suslick, G.D. Stucky, and Y.H. Suh Nanotechnology, nanotoxicology, and neuroscience Progress in Neurobiology 87 2009 133 170
117. E. Jan, and N.A. Kotov Successful differentiation of mouse neural stem cells on layer-by-layer assembled single-walled carbon nanotube composite Nano Letters 7 2007 1123 1128
118. W.M. Tsang, A.L. Stone, D. Otten, Z.N. Aldworth, T.L. Daniel, and J.G. Hildebrand Insect-machine interface: a carbon nanotube-enhanced flexible neural probe Journal of Neuroscience Methods 204 2012 335 365
119. I. Firkowska, M. Olek, N. Pazos-Peréz, J. Rojas-Chapana, and M. Giersig Highly ordered MWNT-based matrixes: topography at the nanoscale conceived for tissue engineering Langmuir 22 2006 5427 5434
120. A. Bianco, C. Del Gaudio, S. Baiguera, I. Armentano, C. Bertarelli, and M. Dottori Microstructure and cytocompatibility of electrospun nanocomposites based on poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and carbon nanostructures International Journal of Artificial Organs 33 2010 271 282
121. N.A. Kotov, J.O. Winter, I.P. Clements, E. Jan, B.P. Timko, and S. Campidelli Nanomaterials for Neural Interfaces Advanced Materials 21 2009 3970 4004
122. N.B. Chauhan, H.M. Figlewicz, and T. Khan Carbon filaments direct the growth of postlesional plastic axons after spinal cord injury International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 17 1999 255 264
123. K.L. Elias, R.L. Price, and T.J. Webster Enhanced functions of osteoblasts on nanometer diameter carbon fibers Biomaterials 23 2002 3279 3287
124. T. Khan, M. Dauzvardis, and S. Sayers Carbon filament implants promote axonal growth across the transected rat spinal cord Brain Research 541 1991 139 145
125. V. Pesakova, Z. Klezl, K. Balik, and M. Adam Biomechanical and biological properties of the implant material carbon-carbon composite covered with pyrolytic carbon Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 11 2000 793 798
126. G. Cellot, E. Cilia, S. Cipollone, V. Rancic, A. Sucapane, S. Giordani, L. Gambazzi, H. Markram, M. Grandolfo, D. Scaini, F. Gelain, L. Casalis, M. Prato, M. Giugliano, and L. Ballerini Carbon nanotubes might improve neuronal performance by favouring electrical shortcuts Nature Nanotechnology 4 2009 126 133
127. G. Hummer, J.C. Rasaiah, and J.P. Noworyta Water conduction through the hydrophobic channel of a carbon nanotube Nature 414 2001 188 190
128. G. Chen, Y.R. Hu, H. Wan, L. Xia, J.H. Li, and F. Yang Functional recovery following traumatic spinal cord injury mediated by a unique polymer scaffold seeded with neural stem cells and Schwann cells Chinese Medical Journal 123 2010 2424 2431
129. M.I. Rehermann, N. Marichal, R.E. Russo, and O. Trujillo-Cenóz Neural reconnection in the transected spinal cord of the freshwater turtle trachemys dorbignyi Journal of Comparative Neurology 515 2009 197 214
130. S.M.Z. Hossain, S.M.E. Babar, S.M.G. Azam, S.N. Sarma, and G.D. Haki Spinal cord injury treatment using a noble Biocompatible bridge Molecular & Cellular Toxicology 3 2007 151 158
131. A.G. Dervan, and B.L. Roberts Reaction of spinal cord central canal cells to cord transection and their contribution to cord regeneration Journal of Comparative Neurology 458 2003 293 306
132. L. Yang, L. Zhang, and T.J. Webster Nanobiomaterials: state of the art and future trends Advanced Engineering Materials 13 2011 197 217
133. J.L. McKenzie, M.C. Waid, R. Shi, and T.J. Webster Decreased function of astrocytes on carbon nanofibers materials Biomaterials 25 2004 1309 1317
134. T.D.B. Nguyen-Vu, H. Chen, A.M. Cassell, R.J. Andrews, M. Meyyappan, and J. Li Vertically aligned carbon nanofiber architecture as a multifunctional 3-D neural electrical interface IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 54 2007 1121 1128
135. L. Belyanskaya, P. Manser, P. Spohn, A. Bruinink, and P. Wick The reliability and limits of the MTT reduction assay for carbon nanotubes-cell interaction Carbon 45 2007 2643 2648
136. H. Miyagawa, M. Misra, and A.K. Mohanty Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes and their polymer nanocomposites: a review Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 5 2005 1593 1615
137. S.F. Wang, L. Shen, W.D. Zhang, and Y.J. Tong Preparation and mechanical properties of chitosan/carbon nanotubes composites Biomacromolecules 6 2005 3067 3072
138. T. Gabay, E. Jakobs, E. Ben-Jacob, and Y. Hanein Engineered self-organization of neural networks using carbon nanotube clusters Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 350 2005 611 621
139. S.L. Edwards, J.S. Church, J.A. Werkmeister, and J.A.M. Ramshaw Tubular micro-scale multiwalled carbon nanotube-based scaffolds for tissue engineering Biomaterials 30 2009 1725 1731
140. C. Journet, W.K. Maser, P. Bernier, A. Loiseau, M. Lamy de la Chappelle, S. Lefrant, P. Deniard, R. Lee, and J.E. Fischer Large-scale production of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the electric-arc technique Nature 388 1997 756 758
141. A. Thess, Roland Lee, H. Pavel Nikolaev, P. Dai, J. Petit, C. Robert, Y. Xu, S. Hee Lee, A.G. Gon Kim, D.T. Rinzler, G.E. Colbert, D. Scuseria, J.E. Tománek, and R.E. Fischer Smalley, crystalline ropes of metallic carbon nanotubes Science 273 1996 483 487
142. A.M. Cassell, J.A. Raymakers, J. Kong, and H. Dai Large scale CVD synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes Journal of Physical Chemistry B 103 1999 6484 6492
143. E.T. Thostenson, Z.F. Ren, and T.W. Chou Advances in the science and technology of carbon nanotubes and their composites: a review Composites Science and Technology 61 2001 1899 1912
144. T.W. Ebbeseb, and P.M. Ajayan Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes Nature 358 1992 220 222
145. T. Sugai, H. Yoshida, T. Shimada, T. Okazaki, and H. Shinohara New synthesis of high-quality double-walled carbon nanotubes by high-temperature pulsed arc discharge Nano Letters 3 2003 769 773
146. K. Koziol, B.O. Boskovic, N. Yahya, Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructures by CVD Method, Carbon and Oxide Nanostructures Synthesis, Characterisation and Application, Yahya, N. 2011, VIII, 450, ISBN:978-3-642-14672-5.
147. N. Sinha, and J.T.W. Yeow Carbon nanotubes for biomedical applications IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience 4 2005 180 195
148. K. Pulskamp, J.M. Wörle-Knirsch, K. Kern, and H.F. Krug Human lung epithelial cells show biphasic oxidative burst after single-walled carbon nanotube contact Carbon 45 2007 2241 2249
149. T.C. Long, N. Saleh, R.D. Tilton, G.V. Lowry, and B. Veronesi Non-photoactivated titanium dioxide nanoparticles produce reactive oxygen species in immortalized mouse microglia (BV2) Environmental Science and Technology 40 2006 4346
150. L. Lacerda, A. Bianco, M. Prato, and K. Kostarelos Carbon nanotubes as nanomedicines: from toxicology to pharmacology Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 58 2006 1460 1470
151. D.B. Warheit, B.R. Laurence, K.L. Reed, D.H. Roach, G.A.M. Reynolds, and T.R. Webb Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessment of single-wall carbon nanotubes in rats Toxicological Sciences 77 2004 117 125
152. S. Koyama, M. Endo, Y.A. Kim, T. Hayashi, T. Yanagisawa, K. Osaka, H. Koyama, and N. Kuroiwa Progress and perspectives in the carbon nanotube world Carbon 44 2006 1079 1092
153. J. Muller, F. Huaux, and D. Lison Respiratory toxicity of carbon nanotubes: how worried should we be? Carbon 44 2006 1048 1056
154. C.W. Lam, J.T. James, R. McCluskey, and R.L. Hunter Pulmonary toxicity of single wall carbon nanotubes in mice 7 and 90 day after intratracheal instillation Toxicological Sciences 77 2004 126 134
155. M. Bottini, A. Magrini, N. Bottini, and A. Bergamaschi Nanotubes and fullerenes: an overview of the possible environmental and biological impact of bio-nanotechnologies Medical Lav. 94 2003 497 505
156. D. Cui, F.R. Tian, C.S. Ozkan, M. Wang, and H.J. Gao Effect of single wall carbon nanotubes on human HEK293 cells Toxicology Letters 155 2005 73 85
157. G. Jia, H. Wang, L. Yan, X. Wang, R. Pei, T. Yan, Y. Zhao, and X. Guo Cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials: single-wall nanotube, multi-wall nanotube, and fullerene Environmental Science and Technology 39 2005 1378 1383
158. S.K. Manna, S. Sarkar, J. Barr, K. Wise, E.V. Barrera, O. Jejelowo, A.C. Rice-Ficht, and G.T. Ramesh Single-walled carbon nanotube induces oxidative stress and activates nuclear transcription factor-κB in human keratinocytes Nano Letters 5 2005 1676 1684
159. N.A. Monteiro-Riviere, R.J. Nemanichb, A.O. Inmana, Y.Y. Wangb, and J.E. Riviere Multi-walled carbon nanotube interactions with human epidermal keratinocytes Toxicology Letters 155 2005 377 384
160. J. Muller, F. Huaux, N. Moreau, P. Misson, J.F. Heilier, M. Delos, M. Arras, A. Fonseca, J.B. Nagy, and D. Lison Respiratory toxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 207 2005 221 231
161. L.E. Murr, K.M. Garza, K.F. Soto, A. Carrasco, T.G. Powell, D.A. Ramirez, P.A. Guerrero, D.A. Lopez, and J. Venzor Cytotoxicity assessment of some carbon nanotubes and related carbon nanoparticle aggregates and the implications for anthropogenic carbon nanotube aggregates in the environment International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health 2 2005 31 42
162. A.A. Shvedova, V. Castranova, E. Kisin, D. Schwegler-Berry, A. Murray, V. Gandelsman, A. Maynard, and P. Baron Exposure to carbon nanotube material: assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health Part A: Current Issues 66 2003 1909 1926
163. A.A. Shvedova, E.R. Kisin, R. Mercer, A.R. Murray, V.J. Johnson, and A.I. Potapovich Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 289 2005 698 708
164. J. Chlopek, B. Czajkowska, B. Szaraniec, E. Frackowiak, K. Szostak, and F. Béguin In vitro studies of carbon nanotubes biocompatibility Carbon 44 2006 1106 1111
165. S. Fiorito, A. Serafino, F. Andreola, A. Togna, and G. Togna Toxicity and biocompatibility of carbon nanoparticies Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6 2006 591 599
166. S. Fiorito, A. Serafino, F. Andreola, and P. Bernier Effects of fullerenes and single-wall carbon nanotubes on murine and human macrophages Carbon 44 2006 1100 1105
167. E. Flahaut, M.C. Durrieu, M. Remy-Zholgadri, R. Bareille, and Ch. Baquey Investigation of the cytotoxicity of CCVD carbon nanotubes towards human umbilical vein endothelial cells Carbon 44 2006 1093 1099
168. E. Flahaut, M.C. Durrieu, M. Remy-Zolghadri, R. Bareille, and C. Baquey Study of the cytotoxicity of CCVD carbon nanotubes Journal of Materials Science 41 2006 2411 2416
169. K. Pulskamp, S. Diabate, and H.F. Krug Carbon nanotubes show no sign of acute toxicity but induce intracellular reactive oxygen species in dependence on contaminants Toxicology Letters 168 2007 58 74
170. L. Ding, J. Stilwell, T. Zhang, O. Elboudwarej, H. Jiang, J.P. Selegue, P.A. Kooke, J.W. Gray, and F.F. Chen Molecular, molecular characterization of the cytotoxic mechanism of multiwall carbon nanotubes and nano-onions on human skin fibroblast Nano Letters 5 2005 2448 2464
171. M. Bottini, S. Bruckner, K. Nika, N. Bottini, S. Bellucci, A. Magrini, A. Bergamaschi, and T. Mustelin Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce T lymphocyte apoptosis Toxicology Letters 160 2006 121 126
172. A. Magrez, S. Kasas, V. Salicio, N. Pasquier, J.W. Seo, M. Celio, S. Catsicas, B. Schwaller, and L. Forro Cellular toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials Nano Letters 6 2006 1121 1125
173. F. Tian, D. Cui, H. Schwarz, G.G. Estrada, and H. Kobayashi Cytotoxicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes on human fibroblasts Toxicology in Vitro 20 2006 1202 1212
174. N.W.S. Kam, T.C. Jessop, P.A. Wender, and H. Dai Nanotube molecular transporters: internalization of carbon nanotube-protein conjugates into mammalian cells Journal of the American Chemical Society 126 2004 6850 6851
175. M. de Nicola, S. Bellucci, E. Traversa, G. DeBellis, F. Micciulla, and L. Ghibelli Effect of different carbon nanotubes on cell viability and proliferation Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 19 2007 395013
176. S. Kang, M. Pinault, L.D. Pfefferle, and M. Elimelech Single-walled carbon nanotubes exhibit strong antimicrobial activity Langmuir 23 2007 8670 8673
177. H.N. Yehia, R.K. Draper, C. Mikoryak, E.K. Walker, P. Bajaj, I.H. Musselman, M.C. Daigrepont, G.R. Dieckmann, and P. Pantano Single-walled carbon nanotube interactions with HeLa cells Journal of Nanbiotechnology 5 2007 8 24
178. M. Davoren, E. Herzog, A. Casey, B. Cottineau, G. Chambers, H.J. Byrne, and F.M. Lyng In vitro toxicity evaluation of single walled carbon nanotubes on human A549 lung cells Toxicology in Vitro 21 2007 438 448
179. A.E. Porter Direct imaging of single-walled carbon nanotubes in cells Nature Nanotechnology 2 2007 713 717
180. J.M. Worle-Knirsch, K. Pulskamp, H.F. Krug, and Oops They Did It Again! carbon nanotubes Hoax scientists in viability assays Nano Letters 6 2006 1261 1268
181. S. Garibaldi, C. Brunelli, V. Bavastrello, G. Ghigliotti, and C. Nicolini Carbon nanotube biocompatibility with cardiac muscle cells Nanotechnology 17 2006 391 397
182. X. Zhang, X. Wang, Q. Lu, and C. Fu Influence of carbon nanotube scaffolds on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell viability and focal adhesion kinase expression Carbon 46 2008 453 460
183. J.E. Roberts, A.R. Wielgus, W.K. Boyes, U. Andley, and C.F. Chignell Phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of fullerol in human lens epithelial cells Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 228 2008 49 58
184. A. Yokoyama, Y. Sato, Y. Nodasaka, S. Yamamoto, T. Kawasaki, M. Shindoh, T. Kohgo, T. Akasaka, M. Uo, F. Watari, and K. Tohji Biological behavior of hat-stacked carbon nanofibers in the subcutaneous tissue in rats Nano Letters 5 2005 157 161
185. R.A. MacDonald, B.F. Laurenzi, G. Viswanathan, P.M. Ajayan, and J.P. Stegemann Collagen-carbon nanotube composite materials as scaffolds in tissue engineering Journal of Biomedial Materials Research 74 2005 489 496
186. M.A. Correa-Duarte, N. Wagner, J. Rojas-Chapana, C. Morsczeck, M. Thie, and M. Giersig Fabrication and biocompatibility of carbon nanotube-based 3D networks as scaffolds for cell seeding and growth Nano Letters 4 2004 2233 2236
187. P.R. Supronowicz, P.M. Ajayan, K.R. Ullmann, B.P. Arulanandam, D.W. Metzger, and R. Bizios Novel current-conducting composite substrates for exposing osteoblasts to alternating current stimulation Journal of Biomedial Materials Research 59 2002 499 506
188. A. Helland, P. Wick, A. Koehler, K. Schmid, and C. Som Reviewing the environmental and human health knowledge base of carbon nanotubes Environmental Health Perspectives 115 2007 1125 1131
189. C.P. Firme, and P.R. Bandaru Toxicity issues in the application of carbon nanotubes to biological systems Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology 6 2010 245 256
190. A. Nimmagadda, K. Thurston, M.U. Nollert, and P.S. McFetridge Chemical modification of SWNT alters in vitro cell-SWNT interactions Journal of Biomedial Materials Research 76 2006 614 625
191. A.M. Schrand, L.M. Dai, J.J. Schlager, S.M. Hussain, and E. Osawa Differential biocompatibility of carbon nanotubes and nanodiamonds Diamond and Related Materials 16 2007 2118 2123
192. A.E. Agboola, R.W. Pike, T.A. Hertwig, and H.H. Lou Conceptual design of carbon nanotube processes Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 9 2007 289 311
193. K.L. Strong, D.P. Anderson, K. Lafdi, and J.N. Kuhn Purification process for single-wall carbon nanotubes Carbon 41 2003 1477 1488
194. D. Chattopadhyay, I. Galeska, and F. Papadimitrakopoulos Complete elimination of metal catalyst from single wall carbon nanotubes Carbon 40 2002 985 988
195. R. Andrews, D. Jacques, D. Qian, and E.C. Dickey Purification and structural annealing of multiwalled carbon nanotubes at graphitization temperatures Carbon 39 2001 1681 1687
196. A.C. Dillon, T. Gennett, K.M. Jones, J.L. Alleman, P.A. Parilla, and M.J. Heben A simple and complete purification of single-walled carbon nanotube materials Advanced Materials 11 1999 1354 1358
197. P.X. Hou, C. Liu, and H.M. Cheng Purification of carbon nanotubes Carbon 46 2008 2003 2025
198. N. Zhao, C. He, G. Li, Z. Jiang, and Y. Li Study on purification and tip-opening of CNTs fabricated by CVD Materials Research Bulletin 41 2006 2204 2209
199. A.F. Ismail, P.S. Goh, J.C. Tee, S.S. Mohd, and M.Abd Aziz A review of purification techniques for carbon nanotubes Nano 3 2008 127 143
200. A.E. Agboola, R.W. Pike, T.A. Hertwig, and H.H. Lou Conceptual design of carbon nanotube processes Clean Technologies and Environment 9 2007 289 311
201. D.W. Yan, J. Zhong, C.R. Wang, and Z.Y. Wu Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy assisted purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 62 2007 711 716
202. X.H. Chen, C.S. Chen, Q. Chen, F.Q. Cheng, G. Zhang, and Z.Z. Chen Non-destructive purification of multi walled carbon nanotubes produced by catalyzed CVD Materials Letters 57 2002 734 738
203. M.T. Martinez, M.A. Callejas, A.M. Benito, M. Cochet, T. Seeqer, and A. Anson Modifications of single-wall carbon nanotubes upon oxidative purification treatments Nanotechnology 14 2003 691 695
204. B. Zheng, Y. Li, and J. Liu CVD synthesis and purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes on aerogel supported catalyst Applied Physics A 74 2002 345 348
205. S. Delpeux, K. Szostak, E. Frackowiak, and F. Beguin An efficient two-step process for producing opened multi-walled carbon nanotubesofhighpurity Chemical Physics Letters 404 2005 374 378
206. J.M. Moon, K.H. An, Y.H. Lee, Y.S. Park, D.J. Bae, and G.S. Park High-yield purification process of single walled carbon nanotubes Journal of Physical Chemistry B 105 2001 5677 5681
207. H.J. Li, L. Feng, L.H. Guan, Z.J. Shi, and Z.N. Gu Synthesis and purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the cottonlike soot Solid State Communications 132 2004 219 224
208. R.B. Mathur, S. Seth, C. Lal, R. Rao, B.P. Singh, T.L. Dhami, and A.M. Rao Co-synthesis, purification and characterization of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes using the electric arc method Carbon 45 2007 132 140
209. P. Ramesh, T. Okazaki, T. Sugai, J. Kimura, N. Kishi, and K. Sato Purification and characterization of double-wall carbon nanotubes synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition on mesoporous silica Chemical Physics Letters 418 2006 408 412
210. L.W. Zhang, L. Zeng, A.R. Barron, and N.A. Monteiro-Riviere Biological interactions of functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes in human epidermal keratinocytes International Journal of Toxicology 26 2007 103 113
211. N. Saito, Y. Usui, K. Aoki, N. Narita, M. Shimizu, and K. Hara Carbon nanotubes: biomaterial applications Chemical Society Reviews 38 2009 1897 1903
212. N.A. Kumar, H.S. Ganapathy, J.S. Kim, Y.S. Jeong, and Y.T. Jeong Preparation of poly 2-hydroxyethyl methaerylate functionalized carbon nanotubes as novel biomaterial nanocomposites European Polymer Journal 44 2008 579 586
213. M. Kawaguchi, T. Fukushima, T. Hayakawa, N. Nakashima, Y. Inoue, and S. Takeda Preparation of carbon nanotube-alginate nanocomposite gel for tissue engineering Dental Materials Journal 25 2006 719 725
214. O. Vittorio, V. Raffa, and A. Cuschieri Influence of purity and surface oxidation on cytotoxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with human neuroblastoma cells Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology 5 2009 424 431
215. E. Heister, C. Lamprecht, V. Neves, C. Tîlmaciu, L. Datas, and E. Flahaut Higher dispersion efficacy of functionalized carbon nanotubes in chemical and biological environments ACS Nano 4 2010 2615 2626
216. K. Kostarelos, L. Lacerda, G. Pastorin, W. Wu, S. Wieckowski, J. Luangsivilay, S. Godefroy, D. Pantarotto, J.P. Briand, S. Muller, M. Prato, and A. Bianco Cellular uptake of functionalized carbon nanotubes is independent of functional group and cell type Nature Nanotechnology 2 2007 108 113
217. S. Smart, A. Cassady, G. Lu, and D. Martin the biocompatibility of carbon nanotubes Carbon 44 2006 1034 1047
218. H. Dumortier, S. Lacotte, G. Pastorin, R. Marega, W. Wu, D. Bonifazi, J. Briand, M. Prato, S. Muller, and A. Bianco Functionalized carbon nanotubes are non-cytotoxic and preserve the functionality of primary immune cells Nano Letters 6 2006 1522 1528
219. C.M. Sayes, F. Liang, J.L. Hudson, J. Mendez, W. Guo, J.M. Beach, V.C. Moore, C.D. Doyle, J.L. West, W.E. Billups, K.D. Ausman, and V.L. Colvin Functionalization density dependence of single walled carbon nanotubes cytotoxicity in vitro Toxicology Letters 161 2006 135 142
220. N.W. Kam, Z. Liu, and H. Dai Carbon nanotubes as intracellular transporters for proteins and DNA: an investigation of the uptake mechanism and pathway Angewandte Chemie International Edition English 45 2006 577 581
221. C. Gao, W. Li, H. Moromonto, Y. Nagaoka, and T. Maekawa Magnetic carbon magnetic carbon nanotubes: synthesis by electrostatic self-assembly approach and application in biomanipulations Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110 2006 7213 7220
222. A.O. Lobo, E.F. Antunes, A.H.A. Machado, C. Pacheco-Soares, V.J. Trava-Airoldi, and E.J. Corat An evaluation of cell proliferation and adhesion on vertically-aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube films Materials Science and Engineering C 28 2008 264 269
223. H. Koga, T. Fujigaya, N. Nakashima, and K. Nakazawa Morphological and functional behaviors of rat hepatocytes cultured on single-walled carbon nanotubes Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 22 2011 2071 2078
224. J. Cheng, K.A. Fernando, L.M. Veca, Y.P. Sun, A.I. Lamond, and Y.W. Lam Reversible accumulation of PEGylated single-walled carbon nanotubes in the mammalian nucleus ASC Nano 2 2008 2085 2094
225. I. Firkowska, E. Godehardt, and M. Giersig Interaction between human osteoblast cells and inorganic two-dimensional scaffolds based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes: a quantitative AFM study Advanced Functional Materials 18 2008 3765 3771
226. S.E. Rodil, R. Olivares, and H. Arzate In vitro cytotoxicity of amorphous carbon films Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 15 2005 101 112
227. K.H. Park, M. Chhowalla, Z. Iqbal, and F. Sesti Single-walled carbon nanotubes are a new class of ion channel blockers Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 2003 50212 50216
228. L.P. Zanello, and Hui Hu, R.C. Bin Zhao Haddon, bone cell proliferation on carbon nanotubes Nano Letters 6 2006 562 567
229. S. Mwenifumbo, M.S. Shaffer, and M.M. Stevens Exploring cellular behaviour with multi-walled carbon nanotube constructs Journal of Materials Chemistry 17 2007 1894 1902
230. E.J. Park, J. Roh, S.N. Kim, M.S. Kang, B.S. Lee, and Y. Kim Biological toxicity and inflammatory response of semi-single-walled carbon nanotubes PLoS One 6 2011 e25892
231. K. Balani, R. Anderson, T. Laha, M. Andara, J. Tercero, E. Crumpler, and A. Agarwa Plasma sprayed carbon nanotube reinforced hydroxyapatite coatings and their interaction with human osteoblasts in vitro Biomaterials 28 2007 618 624
232. T.J. Webster, M.C. Waid, J.L. McKenzie, R.L. Price, and J.U. Ejiofor Nano-biotechnology: carbon nanofibres as improved neural and orthopaedic implants Nanotechnology 15 2004 48 54
233. K. Rege, N.R. Raravikar, D.Y. Kim, L.S. Schadler, P.M. Ajayan, and J.S. Dordick Enzyme-polymer-single walled carbon nanotube composites as biocatalytic films Nano Letters 3 2003 829 832
234. A. Arrais, E. Boccaleri, and E. Diana Efficient direct watersolubilisation of singlewalled carbon nanotube derivatives Fullerence, Nanotubes, and Carbon Nanostructures 12 2004 789 809
235. K. Imasaka, J. Suehiro, Y. Kanatake, Y. Kato, and M. Hara Preparation of water-soluble carbon nanotubes using a pulsed streamer discharge in water Nanotechnology 17 2006 3421 3427
236. L. Lacerda, G. Pastorin, W. Wu, M. Prato, A. Bianco, and K. Kostarelo Luminescence of functionalized carbon nanotubes as a tool to monitor bundle formation and dissociation in water: the effect of plasmid-DNA complexation Advanced Functional Materials 16 2006 1839 1846
237. N. Nakayama-Ratchford, S. Bangsaruntip, X. Sun, K. Welsher, and H. Dai Noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes by fluorescein-polyethylene glycol: supramolecular conjugates with pH-dependent absorbance and fluorescence Journal of the American Chemical Society 129 2007 2448 2449
238. J. Chattopadhyay, F. Cortez, S. Chakraborty, N. Slater, and W. Billups Synthesis of water-soluble PEGylated single-walled carbon nanotubes Chemistry of Materials 18 2006 5864 5868
239. B. Zhao, H. Hu, A. Yu, D. Perea, and R.C. Haddon Synthesis and characterization of water soluble single-walled carbon nanotube graft copolymers Journal of the American Chemical Society 127 2005 8197 8203
240. B. Zhao, H. Hu, and R.C. Haddon Synthesis of a water-soluble single-walled carbon nanotube-poly(m-aminobenzene sulfonic acid) graft copolymer Advanced Functional Materials 14 2004 71 76
241. M.C. Paiva, B. Zhou, K. Fernando, Y. Lin, J. Kennedy, and Y. Sun Mechanical and morphological characterization of polymer carbon nanocomposites from functionalized carbon nanotubes Carbon 42 2004 2849 2854
242. Y. Lin, B. Zhou, K.A.S. Fernando, P. Liu, L.F. Allard, and Y.P. Sun Polymeric carbon nanocomposites from carbon nanotubes functionalized with matrix polymer Macromolecules 36 2003 7199 7204
243. K.F. Fu, W. Huang, Y. Lin, D. Zhang, T.W. Hanks, A.M. Rao, and Y.P. Sun Functionalization of carbon nanotubes with bovine serum albumin in homogeneous aqueous solution Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2 2002 457 461
244. Y.P. Sun, W. Huang, Y. Lin, Y. Kefu, A. Kitaygorodskiy, L.A. Riddle, Y. Yu, and D.L. Caroll Soluble dendron-functionalized carbon nanotubes: preparation, characterization, and properties Chemistry of Materials 13 2001 2864 2869
245. J.B. Kim, T. Premkumar, K. Lee, and K.E. Geckeler A facile approach to single-wall carbon nanotube/poly(allylamine) nanocomposites Macromolecular Rapid Communications 28 2007 276 280
246. M. Alvaro, P. Atienzar, P. de La Cruz, J.L. Delgado, H. Garcia, and F. Langa Sidewall functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with nitrile imines. Electron transfer from the substituent to the carbon nanotube Journal of Physical Chemistry B 108 2004 12691 12697
247. W.J. Huang, S. Taylor, K.F. Fu, Y. Lin, D.H. Zhang, T.W. Hanks, A.M. Rao, and Y.P. Sun Attaching proteins to carbon nanotubes via diimide-activated amidation Nano Letters 2 2002 311 314
248. Y. Lin, A.M. Rao, B. Sadanadan, E.A. Kenik, and Y.P. Sun Functionalizing multiple-walled carbon nanotubes with aminopolymers Journal of Physical Chemistry B 106 2002 1294 1298
249. J.E. Riggs, D.B. Walker, D.L. Carroll, and Y.P. Sun Optical limiting properties of suspended and solubilized carbon nanotubes Journal of Physical Chemistry B 104 2000 7071 7076
250. T. Zhang, M. Xub, L. Hec, K. Xid, M. Gue, and Z. Jiang Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of phosphoryl choline-grafted water-soluble carbon nanotubes Carbon 46 2008 1782 1791
251. R. Narain, A. Housni, and L. Lane Modification of carboxyl-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes with biocompatible, water-soluble phosphorylcholine and sugar-based polymers: bioinspired nanorods Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 44 2006 6558 6568
252. D. Dutta, S.K. Sundaram, J.G. Teeguarden, B.J. Riley, L.S. Fifield, J.M. Jacobs, S.R. Addleman, G.A. Kaysen, B.M. Moudgil, and T.J. Weber Adsorbed proteins influence the biological activity and molecular targeting of nanomaterials Toxicological Sciences 100 2007 303 315
253. N.A. Monteiro-Riviere, A.O. Inman, Y.Y. Wang, and R.J. Nemanich Surfactant effects on carbon nanotube interactions with human keratinocytes Nanomedicine 1 2005 293 299
254. B. Brown, C.B. Parker, B.R. Stoner, and J.T. Glass Growth of vertically aligned bamboo-like carbon nanotubes from ammonia/methane precursors using a platinum catalyst Carbon 49 2011 266 274
255. M. Inaba, M. Ando, A. Hatanaka, A. Nomoto, K. Matsuzawa, A. Tasaka, T. Kinumoto, Y. Iriyama, and Z. Ogumi Controlled growth and shape formation of platinum nanoparticles and their electrochemical properties Electrochimica Acta 52 2006 1632 1638
256. C. Médard, M. Lefèvre, J.P. Dodelet, F. Jaouen, and G. Lindbergh Oxygen reduction by Fe-based catalysts in PEM fuel cell conditions: activity and selectivity of the catalysts obtained with two Fe precursors and various carbon supports Electrochimica Acta 51 2006 3202 3213
257. V. Chiono, C. Tonda-Turo, and G. Ciardelli Artificial scaffolds for peripheral nerve reconstruction International Review of Neurobiology 87 2009 173 198
258. Z. Zhang, S. Wang, X. Tian, Z. Zhao, J. Zhang, and D. Lv A new effective scaffold to facilitate peripheral nerve regeneration: chitosan tube coated with maggot homogenate product Medical Hypotheses 74 2010 12 14