Escaping bullying: The simultaneous impact of individual and unit-level bullying on turnover intentions

Human Relations

Volumn 65, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 901-918

  Houshmand, Marjan ^a   O'Reilly, Jane ^a   Robinson, Sandra ^a   Wolff, Angela ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

bullying; healthcare organizations; job employee attitudes; nurses; organizational culture; turnover; work environment

Indexed keywords

EID: 84863228728     PISSN: 00187267     EISSN: 1741282X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0018726712445100     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Andersson LM,Pearson CM.Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace.Academy of Management. 1999;24 (3): 452-471.
2. Ashforth BE.Petty tyranny in organizations: A preliminary examination of antecedents and consequences.Human Relations. 1994;47:755-778.
3. Barak M,Nissly JA,Levin A.Antecedents to retention and turnover among child welfare, social work, and other human service employees: What can we learn from past research? A review and meta-analysis.Social Services Review. 2001;74:625-661.
4. Basch J,Fisher CD.Affective events-emotions matrix: A classification of work events and associated emotions. Paper presented at the First Conference on Emotions in Organizational Life; 1998 San Diego.
5. Bennett RJ,Robinson SLOrganizational Behavior: The State of the Science. 2003) The past, present, and future of workplace deviance research. In: GreenbergJ (ed.) Organizational Behavior: The State of the Science, 2nd edn.Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.Greenberg J, ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers; 2003:.
6. Berdahl JL,Raver JLAPA Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 3: Maintaining, Expanding, and Contracting the Organization. Zedeck S, ed. Washington, DC: APA; 2011.
7. Bies RJ,Moag JResearch on Negotiation in Organizations. Lewicki RSheppard BBazerman M, ed. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press; 1986:43-55.
8. Bies RJ,Tripp TMMonographs in Organizational Behavior and Industrial Relations. Griffin RWO'Leary-Kelly ACollins J, ed. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press; 1998:.
9. Blegen M,Vaughn T,Vojir C.Nurse staffing levels: Impact of organizational characteristics and registered nurse supply.Health Services Research. 2008;43 (1): 154-173.
10. Bliese PD.Group size, ICC values, and group-level correlations: A simulation.Organiztional Research Methods. 1998;1 (4): 355-373.
11. Brayfield AH,Crockett WH.Employee attitudes and employee performance.Psychological Bulletin. 1955;52 (5): 396-424.
12. Chadwick-Jones JK,Nicholson N,Brown CASocial Psychology of Absenteeism. New York: Praeger Publishers; 1982:.
13. Chalykoff J,Kochan TA.Computer-aided monitoring: Its influence on employee job satisfaction and turnover.Personnel Psychology. 1989;42 (4): 807-834.
14. Chan D.Functional relations among constructs in the same content domain at different levels of analysis: A typology of composition models.Journal of Applied Psychology. 1998;83 (2): 234-246.
15. Chatman JA.Matching people and organizations: Selection and socialization in public accounting firms.Administrative Science Quarterly. 1991;36 (3): 459-484.
16. Clark KB.Empathy: A neglected topic in psychological research.American Psychologist. 1980;35 (2): 187-190.
17. Colquitt JA,Noe RA,Jackson CL.Justice in teams: Antecedents and consequences of procedural justice climate.Personnel Psychology. 2002;55:83-109.
18. Cortina LM,Magley VJ,Williams J,Langhout R.Incivility in the workplace: Incidence and impact.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 2001;6 (1): 64-80.
19. Delobelle P,Rawlinson JL,Ntuli S,Malatsi I,Decock R,Depoorter AM.Job satisfaction and turnover intent of primary healthcare nurses in rural South Africa: A questionnaire survey.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2011;67 (2): 371-383.
20. De Gieter S,Hofmans J,Pepermans R.Revising the impact of job satisfaction and commitment on nurse turnover intentions: An individual differences analysis.International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2011;48:1562-1569.
21. Duffy E.Horizontal violence: A conundrum for nursing.Collegian. 1995;2:5-17.
22. Duffy MK,Ganster DC,Pagon M.Social undermining in the workplace.Academy of Management Journal. 2002;45:331-352.
23. Duffy MK,Shaw JD,Scott KL,Tepper BJ.The moderating roles of self-esteem and neuroticism in the relationship between group and individual undermining behavior.Journal of Applied Psychology. 2006;91 (5): 1066-1077.
24. Eisenberg N,Fabes RA,Murphy B,Karbon M,Maszk P,Smith M,O'Boyle C,Suh K.The relations of emotionality and regulation to dispositional and situational empathy-related responding.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1994;66 (4): 776-797.
25. Einarsen S,Hoel H,Notelaers G.Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised.Work & Stress. 2009;23 (1): 24-44.
26. Folger RManagerial Ethics: Moral Management of People and Processes. Schminke M, ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1998:13-34.
27. Folger RTheoretical and Cultural Perspectives on Organizational Justice. Gilliland SWSteiner DDSkarlicki DP, ed. Greenwich, CT: IAP; 2001:3-33.
28. Folger R,Cropanzano ROrganizational Justice and Human Resource Management. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE; 1998:.
29. Folger R,Cropanzano R,Goldman BHandbook of Organizational Justice. Greenberg JColquitt JA, ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2005:215-245.
30. Folger R,Skarlicki DPResearch in Social Issues in Management: Justice, Morality, and Social Responsibility. Gilliland SSteiner DSkarlicki D, ed. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing; 2008:29-62.
31. Foster EK.Research on gossip: Taxonomy, methods and future directions.Review of General Psychology. 2004;8 (2): 78-99.
32. Glick WH.Conceptualizing and measuring organizational and psychological climate: Pitfalls in multilevel research.Academy of Management Review. 1985;10:601-616.
33. Glomb TM,Liao H.Interpersonal aggression in work groups: Social influence, reciprocal, and individual effects.Academy of Management Journal. 2003;46 (4): 486-496.
34. Glomb TM,Richman WL,Hulin CL,Drasgow F,Schneider KT,Fitzgerald LF.Ambient sexual harassment: An integrated model of antecedents and consequences.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1997;71 (3): 309-328.
35. Gray AM,Phillips VL.Turnover, age and length of service: A comparison of nurses and other staff in the National Health Service.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1994;19 (4): 819-827.
36. Hackett RD,Guion RM.A reevaluation of the absenteeism-job satisfaction relationship.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1985;35 (3): 340-381.
37. Hackman JRHandbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Dunnette MD, ed. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1992:.
38. Haidt J,Graham J.When morality opposes justice: Conservatives have moral intuitions that liberals may not recognize.Social Justice Research. 2007;20 (1): 98-116.
39. Haidt J,Joseph C.Intuitive ethics: How innately prepared intuitions generate culturally variable virtues.Daedalus. 2004;133 (4): 55-66.
40. Haifer D.Job embeddedness factors and retention of nurses with 1 to 3 years of experience.Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing. 2011;42:468-476.
41. Hauge L,Skogstad A,Einarsen S.The relative impact of workplace bullying as a social stressor at work.Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 2010;51 (5): 426-433.
42. Hershcovis M,Barling J.Towards a multi-foci approach to workplace aggression: A meta-analytic review of outcomes from different perpetrators.Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2010;31 (1): 24-44.
43. Hofmann DA.An overview of the logic and rationale of hierarchical linear models.Journal of Management. 1997;23 (6): 723-744.
44. Hofmann DA,Gavin MB.Centering decisions in hierarchical linear models: Implications for research in organizations.Journal of Management. 1998;24 (5): 623-641.
45. Hogh A,Hoel H,Carneiro IG.Bullying and employee turnover among healthcare workers: a three-wave prospective study.Journal of Nursing Management. 2011;19 (6): 742-751.
46. Hom PW,Griffeth RWEmployee Turnover. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western; 1995:.
47. Hox JMultilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2002:.
48. Hulin CHandbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2. Dunnette MDHough LM, ed. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1991:.
49. Hutchinson M,Vickers M,Jackson D,Wilkes L.Workplace bullying in nursing: Towards a more critical organisational perspective.Nursing Inquiry. 2006;13 (2): 118-126.
50. Johns G.The essential impact of context on organizational behavior.Academy of Management Review. 2006;31 (2): 386-408.
51. Keashly L.Emotional abuse in the workplace: Conceptual and empirical issues.Journal of Emotional Abuse. 1998;1 (1): 85-117.
52. Klein KJ,Tosi H,Cannella AA.Multilevel theory building: Benefits, barriers, and new developments.Academy of Management Review. 1999;24 (2): 243-248.
53. Lawrence TB,Robinson SL.Ain't misbehavin': Workplace deviance as organizational resistance.Journal of Management. 2007;33 (3): 378-394.
54. LeBlanc M,Kelloway E.Predictors and outcomes of workplace violence and aggression.Journal of Applied Psychology. 2002;87 (3): 444-453.
55. LePine JA,Van Dyne L.Predicting voice behavior in work groups.Journal of Applied Psychology. 1998;83:853-868.
56. Leventhal GSSocial Exchange: Advances in Theory and Research. Gergen KJGreenberg MSWillis RH, ed. New York: Plenum; 1980:27-55.
57. Lim S,Cortina LM,Magley VJ.Personal and workgroup incivility: Impact on work and health outcomes.Journal of Applied Psychology. 2008;93 (1): 95-107.
58. Lutgen-SandvikP (2005) Water smoothing stones: Subordinate resistance to workplace bullying. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
59. Lutgen-Sandvik P.Take this job and...: Quitting and other forms of resistance to workplace bullying.Communication Monographs. 2006;73 (4): 406-433.
60. McKay R,Arnold D,Fratzl J,Thomas R.Workplace bullying in academia: A Canadian study.Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal. 2008;20 (2): 77-100.
61. McVicar A.Workplace stress in nursing: A literature review. Integrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2003;44 (6): 633-642.
62. Mathieu JE,Chen G.The etiology of the multilevel paradigm in management research.Journal of Management. 2011;37 (2): 610-641.
63. Miller DT.Disrespect and the experience of injustice.Annual Review of Psychology. 2001;52 (1): 527-553.
64. Miller DT,Vidmar NThe Justice Motive in Social Behavior: Adapting to Time of Scarcity and Change. Lerner MJLerner SC, ed. New York: Plenum Press; 1981:145-172.
65. Milliken FJ,Morrison EW,Hewlin PF.An exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don't communicate upward and why.Journal of Management Studies. 2003;40 (6): 1453-1476.
66. Miner-Rubino K,Reed WD.Testing a moderated mediational model of workgroup incivility: The roles of organizational trust and group regard.Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 2010;40 (12): 3148-3168.
67. Mobley WH.Intermediate linkages in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover.Journal of Applied Psychology. 1977;62:237-240.
68. Mobley WH,Horner SO,Hollingsworth AT.An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover.Journal of Applied Psychology. 1978;63 (4): 408-414.
69. Neiman SMoral Clarity: A Guide for Grown-Up Idealists. New York: Harcourt; 2008:.
70. Neuman JH,Baron RA.Workplace violence and workplace aggression: Evidence concerning specific forms, potential causes, and preferred targets.Journal of Management. 1998;24 (3): 391-419.
71. O'Reilly J,Aquino K.A model of third parties' morally motivated responses to mistreatment in organizations.Academy of Management Review. 2011;36 (3): 526-543.
72. Parasuraman S.Predicting turnover intentions and turnover behavior: A multivariate analysis.Journal of Vocational Behavior. 1982;21 (1): 111-121.
73. Quine L.Workplace bullying in NHS community trust: Staff questionnaire survey.British Medical Journal. 1999;318:228-232.
74. Quine L.Workplace bullying in nurses.Journal of Health Psychology. 2001;6 (1): 73-84.
75. Raudenbush S,Bryk A,Cheong YF,Congdon RHLM6: Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International; 2004:.
76. Robinson SL,O'Leary-Kelly AM.Monkey see, monkey do: The influence of work groups on the antisocial behavior of employees.Academy of Management Journal. 1998;41:658-672.
77. Rupp DE,Bashshur MR,Liao HResearch in Multilevel Issues. Dansereau FYammarino F, ed. Oxford: Elsevier; 2007:357-396.
78. Salancik GR,Pfeffer J.A social information processing approach to job attitudes and task design.Administrative Science Quarterly. 1978;23:224-253.
79. Skarlicki D,Folger R.Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive, procedural, and interactional Justice.Journal of Applied Psychology. 1997;82 (3): 434-443.
80. Sellgren SF,Kajermo KN,Ekvall G,Tomson G.Nursing staff turnover at a Swedish university hospital: An exploratory study.Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2009;18 (22): 3181-3189.
81. Shapiro DL,Kirkman BL.Employees' reaction to the change to work teams: The influence of 'anticipatory' injustice.Journal of Organizational Change Management. 1999;12 (1): 51-66.
82. Spence Laschinger HK,Leiter M,Day A,Gilin D.Workplace empowerment, incivility, and burnout: Impact on staff nurse recruitment and retention outcomes.Journal of Nursing Management. 2009;17 (3): 302-311.
83. Spencer S,Rupp D.Angry, guilty, and conflicted: Injustice toward coworkers heightens emotional labor through cognitive and emotional mechanisms.Journal of Applied Psychology. 2009;94 (2): 429-444.
84. Steel RP,Ovalle NK.A review and meta-analysis of research on the relationship between behavioral intentions and employee turnover.Journal of Applied Psychology. 1984;69 (4): 673-686.
85. Tepper BJ.Consequences of abusive supervision.Academy of Management Journal. 2000;43 (2): 178-190.
86. Tucker J.Everyday forms of employee resistance.Sociological Forum. 1993;8:25-45.
87. Wai Chi Tai T,Bame S.Review of nursing turnover research, 1977-1996.Social Science and Medicine. 1998;47 (12): 1905-1927.
88. Waldman JD,Kelly F,Arora S,Smith HL.The shocking cost of turnover in health care.Health Care Management Review. 2004;29 (1): 2-7.