The Immune System-A Hidden Treasure for Biomarker Discovery in Cutaneous Melanoma

Advances in Clinical Chemistry

Volumn 58, Issue , 2012, Pages 89-140

  Neagu, Monica ^a  

^a VICTOR BABES NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY   (Romania)

Author keywords

Biomarkers; Cutaneous melanoma; Immunoproteomics; Skin immune system

Indexed keywords

EID: 84862567990     PISSN: 00652423     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394383-5.00011-4     Document Type: Chapter

References (210)

1. Diamandis E.P. Cancer biomarkers: can we turn recent failures into success? Commentary. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2010, 102:1462-1467. 10.1093/jnci/djq306.
2. Nazarian R.M., Prieto V.G., Elder D.E., Duncan L.M. Melanoma biomarker expression in melanocytic tumor progression: a tissue microarray study. J. Cutan. Pathol. 2010, 37(1):41-47.
3. Bos J.D. The skin as an organ of immunity. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1997, 107(1):3-5.
4. Bos J.D. Skin Immune System: Cutaneous Immunology and Clinical Immunodermatology 2005, CRC Press, Boca Raton/New York, pp. 3-13. third ed.
5. Kupper T.S., Fuhlbrigge R.C. Immune surveillance in the skin: mechanisms and clinical consequences. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2004, 4(3):211-222.
6. Woods G.M., Malley R.C., Muller H.K. The skin immune system and the challenge of tumour immunosurveillance. Eur. J. Dermatol. 2005, 15(2):63-69.
7. Burnet F.M. The concept of immunological surveillance. Prog. Exp. Tumor Res. 1970, 13:1-27.
8. Uthayakumar S., Nandwani R., Drinkwater T., Nayagam A.T., Darley C.R. The prevalence of skin disease in HIV infection and its relationship to the degree of immunosuppression. Br. J. Dermatol. 1997, 137:595-598.
9. Lugo-Janer G., Sánchez J.L., Santiago-Delpin E. Prevalence and clinical spectrum of skin diseases in kidney transplant recipients. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1991, 24:410-414.
10. Debenedictis C., Joubeh S., Zhang G., Barria M., Ghohestani R.F. Immune functions of the skin. Clin. Dermatol. 2001, 19:573-585.
11. Spellberg B. The cutaneous citadel, a holistic view of skin and immunity. Life Sci. 2000, 67:477-502.
12. Bos J.D., Kapsenberg M.L. The skin immune system. Its cellular constituents and their interactions. Immunol. Today 1986, 7:235-240.
13. Reiss Y., Proudfoot A.E., Power C.A., Campbell J.J., Butcher E.C. CC chemokine receptor (CCR)4 and the CCR10 ligand cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (CTACK) in lymphocyte trafficking to inflamed skin. J. Exp. Med. 2001, 194:1541-1547.
14. Morales J., Homey B., Vicari A.P., Hudak S., Oldham E., Hedrick J., Orozco R., Copeland N.G., Jenkins N.A., McEvoy L.M., Zlotnik A. CTACK, a skin-associated chemokine that preferentially attracts skin-homing memory T cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96:14470-14475.
15. Homey B., Alenius H., Müller A., Soto H., Bowman E.P., Yuan W., McEvoy L., Lauerma A.I., Assmann T., Bünemann E., Lehto M., Wolff H., Yen D., Marxhausen H., To W., Sedgwick J., Ruzicka T., Lehmann P., Zlotnik A. CCL27-CCR10 interactions regulate T cell mediated skin inflammation. Nat. Med. 2002, 8:157-165.
16. Klunker S., Trautmann A., Akdis M., Verhagen J., Schmid-Grendelmeier P., Blaser K., Akdis C.A. A second step of chemotaxis after transendothelial migration: keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis release IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10, monokine induced by IFN-gamma, and IFN-gamma-inducible alpha-chemoattractant for T cell chemotaxis toward epidermis in atopic dermatitis. J. Immunol. 2003, 171:1078-1084.
17. Dahl M.V. Clinical Immunodermatology 1996, Mosby, New York, pp. 121-133. third ed.
18. Teunissen M.B., Koomen C.W., de Waal Malefyt R., Wierenga E.A., Bos J.D. Interleukin-17 and interferon-gamma synergize in the enhancement of proinflammatory cytokine production by human keratinocytes. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1998, 111(4):645-649.
19. Ebert L.M., Meuter S., Moser B. Homing and function of human skin gammadelta T cells and NK cells: relevance for tumor surveillance. J. Immunol. 2006, 176(7):4331-4336.
20. Supajatura V., Ushio H., Nakao A., Akira S., Okumura K., Ra C., Ogawa H. Differential responses of mast cell Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in allergy and innate immunity. J. Clin. Invest. 2002, 109:1351-1359.
21. McCurdy J.D., Olynych T.J., Maher L.H., Marshall J.S. Cutting edge: distinct Toll-like receptor 2 activators selectively induce different classes of mediator production from human mast cells. J. Immunol. 2003, 170:1625-1629.
22. Pasch M.C., Bos J.D., Daha M.R., Asghar S.S. Transforming growth factor-beta isoforms regulate the surface expression of membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and CD59 on human keratinocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 1999, 29(1):100-108.
23. Fuhlbrigge R.C., Kupper T.S. Molecular Mechanisms of Allergic Skin Responses In: Allergic Skin Disease 2000, 29-51. Marcel Dekker, New York. D.Y.M. Leung, M.W. Greaves (Eds.).
24. Takashima A., Bergstresser P.R. Cytokine-mediated communication by keratinocytes and Langerhans cells with dendritic epidermal T cells. Semin. Immunol. 1996, 8:333-339.
25. Stoll S., Müller G., Kurimoto M., Saloga J., Tanimoto T., Yamauchi H., Okamura H., Knop J., Enk A.H. Production of IL-18 (IFN-gamma-inducing factor) messenger RNA and functional protein by murine keratinocytes. J. Immunol. 1997, 159:298-302.
26. Armerding D., Kupper T.S. Functional cutaneous lymphocyte antigen can be induced in essentially all peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 1999, 119:212-222.
27. Akdis M., Klunker S., Schliz M., Blaser K., Akdis C.A. Expression of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen on human CD4+ and CD8+ TH2 cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 2000, 30:3533-3541.
28. Streilein J.W., Lonsberry L.W., Bergstresser P.R. Depletion of epidermal Langerhans cells and Ia immunogenicity from tape-stripped mouse skin. J. Exp. Med. 1982, 155:863-871.
29. Toews G.B., Bergstresser P.R., Streilein J.W. Langerhans cells: sentinels of skin associated lymphoid tissue. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1980, 75:78-82.
30. Robert C., Kupper T.S. Inflammatory skin diseases, T cells, and immune surveillance. N. Engl. J. Med. 1999, 341:1817-1828.
31. Inaba K., Inaba M., Romani N., Aya H., Deguchi M., Ikehara S., Muramatsu S. Generation of large numbers of dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow cultures supplemented with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J. Exp. Med. 1992, 176:1693-1702.
32. Lenz A., Heine M., Schuler G., Romani N. Human and murine dermis contain dendritic cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1993, 92:2587-2596.
33. Banchereau J., Steinman R.M. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 1998, 392:245-252.
34. Hart D.N.J. Dendritic cells: unique leukocyte populations which control the primary immune response. Blood 1997, 90:3245-3287.
35. Pierre P., Turley S.J., Gatti E., Hull M., Meltzer J., Mirza A., Inaba K., Steinman R.M., Mellman I. Developmental regulation of MHC class II transport in mouse dendritic cells. Nature 1997, 388:787-792.
36. Schuller E., Teichmann B., Haberstok J., Moderer M., Bieber T., Wollenberg A. In situ expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on Langerhans cells and inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells (IDEC) in atopic dermatitis. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 2001, 293:448-454.
37. Weishaupt C., Munoz K.N., Buzney E., Kupper T.S., Fuhlbrigge R.C. T-cell distribution and adhesion receptor expression in metastatic melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 2007, 13(9):2549-2556.
38. Picker L.J., Michie S.A., Rott L.S., Butcher E.C. A unique phenotype of skin-associated lymphocytes in human. Preferential expression of the HECA-452 epitope by benign and malignant T cells at cutaneous sites. Am. J. Pathol. 1990, 136:1053-1068.
39. Pitzalis C., Cauli A., Pipitone N., Smith C., Barker J., Marchesoni A., Yanni G., Panayi G.S. Cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive T lymphocytes preferentially migrate to the skin but not to the joint in psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1996, 39:137-145.
40. Noorduyn L.A., Beljaards R.C., Pals S.T., van Heerde P., Radaszkiewicz T., Willemze R., Meijer C.J. Differential expression of the HECA-452 antigen (cutaneous lymphocyte associated antigen, CLA) in cutaneous and non-cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Histopathology 1992, 21:59-64.
41. Tanaka Y., Wake A., Horgan K.J., Murakami S., Aso M., Saito K., Oda S., Morimoto I., Uno H., Kikuchi H., Izumi Y., Eto S. Distinct phenotype of leukemic T cells with various tissue tropisms. J. Immunol. 1997, 158:3822-3829.
42. Dudda J.C., Simon J.C., Martin S. Dendritic cell immunization route determines CD8+ T cell trafficking to inflamed skin: role for tissue microenvironment and dendritic cells in establishment of T cell-homing subsets. J. Immunol. 2004, 172:857-863.
43. Colantonio L., Iellem A., Sinigaglia F., D'Ambrosio D. Skin-homing CLA+ T cells and regulatory CD25+ T cells represent major subsets of human peripheral blood memory T cells migrating in response to CCL1/I-309. Eur. J. Immunol. 2002, 32:3506-3514.
44. Biedermann T., Schwärzler C., Lametschwandtner G., Thoma G., Carballido-Perrig N., Kund J., de Vries J.E., Rot A., Carballido J.M. Targeting CLA/E-selectin interactions prevents CCR4-mediated recruitment of human TH2 memory cells to human skin in vivo. Eur. J. Immunol. 2002, 32:3171-3180.
45. Hudak S., Hagen M., Liu Y., Catron D., Oldham E., McEvoy L.M., Bowman E.P. Immune surveillance and effector functions of CCR10+ skin homing T cells. J. Immunol. 2002, 169:1189-1196.
46. Ferenczi K., Fuhlbrigge R.C., Pinkus J., Pinkus G.S., Kupper T.S. Increased CCR4 expression in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2002, 119:1405-1410.
47. Kunkel E.J., Boisvert J., Murphy K., Vierra M.A., Genovese M.C., Wardlaw A.J., Greenberg H.B., Hodge M.R., Wu L., Butcher E.C., Campbell J.J. Expression of the chemokine receptors CCR4, CCR5, and CXCR3 by human tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes. Am. J. Pathol. 2002, 160:347-355.
48. Janssen G.H., Tangelder G.J., Oude Egbrink M.G., Reneman R.S. Spontaneous leukocyte rolling in venules in untraumatized skin of conscious and anesthetized animals. Am. J. Physiol. 1994, 267:H1199-H1204.
49. Robert C., Fuhlbrigge R.C., Kieffer J.D., Ayehunie S., Hynes R.O., Cheng G., Grabbe S., von Andrian U.H., Kupper T.S. Interaction of dendritic cells with skin endothelium: a new perspective on immunosurveillance. J. Exp. Med. 1999, 189:627-636.
50. Chong B.F., Murphy J.-E., Kupper T.S., Fuhlbrigge R.C. E-selectin, thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 are constitutively coexpressed in dermal microvessels: a foundation for a cutaneous immunosurveillance system. J. Immunol. 2004, 172:1575-1581.
51. Weninger W., Ulfman L.H., Cheng G., Souchkova N., Quackenbush E.J., Lowe J.B., von Andrian U.H. Specialized contributions by alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase-IV and FucT-VII during leukocyte rolling in dermal microvessels. Immunity 2000, 12:665-676.
52. Groves R.W., Ross E., Barker J.N., Ross J.S., Camp R.D., MacDonald D.M. Effect of in vivo interleukin-1 on adhesion molecule expression in normal human skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1992, 98:384-387.
53. Sallusto F., Lenig D., Forster R., Lipp M., Lanzavecchia A. Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions. Nature 1999, 401:708-712.
54. Umansky V., Abschuetz O., Osen W., Ramacher M., Zhao F., Kato M., Schadendorf D. Melanoma-specific memory T cells are functionally active in Ret transgenic mice without macroscopic tumors. Cancer Res. 2008, 68(22):9451-9458.
55. Foster C.A., Yokozeki H., Rappersberger K., Koning F., Volc-Platzer B., Rieger A., Coligan J.E., Wolff K., Stingl G. Human epidermal T-cells predominantly belong to the lineage expressing alpha/beta T-cell receptor. J. Exp. Med. 1990, 171:997-1013.
56. Uyemura K., Deans R.J., Band H., Ohmen J., Panchamoorthy G., Morita C.T., Rea T.H., Modlin R.L. Evidence for clonal selection of gamma/delta T cells in response to a human pathogen. J. Exp. Med. 1991, 174:83-92.
57. Bos J.D., Zonneveld I., Das P.K., Krieg S.R., van der Loos C.M., Kapsenberg M.L. The skin immune system (SIS): distribution and immunophenotype of lymphocyte subpopulations in normal human skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1987, 88:569-573.
58. Abbas A.K., Litchman A.H., Pober J.S. Cellular and molecular immunology 2000, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 222-237. fourth ed.
59. Norton D.L., Haque A. Insights into the role of GILT in HLA class II antigen processing and presentation by melanoma. J. Oncol. 2009, 2009:142959.
60. Rana S., Byrne S.N., MacDonald L.J., Chan C.Y., Halliday G.M. Ultraviolet B suppresses immunity by inhibiting effector and memory T cells. Am. J. Pathol. 2008, 172(4):993-1004.
61. Di Nuzzo S., Sylva-Steenland R.M., Koomen C.W., de Rie M.A., Das P.K., Bos J.D., Teunissen M.B. Exposure to UVB induces accumulation of LFA-1+ T cells and enhanced expression of the chemokine psoriasin in normal human skin. Photochem. Photobiol. 2000, 72(3):374-382.
62. Nuzzo S., Sylva-Steenland R.M., de Rie M.A., Das P.K., Bos J.D., Teunissen M.B. UVB radiation preferentially induces recruitment of memory CD4+ T cells in normal human skin: long-term effect after a single exposure. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1998, 110(6):978-981.
63. Kupper T.S., Groves R.W. The interleukin-1 axis and cutaneous inflammation. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1995, 105:62S-66S.
64. Murphy J.E., Robert C., Kupper T.S. Interleukin-1 and cutaneous inflammation: a crucial link between innate and acquired immunity. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2000, 114:602-608.
65. Heufler C., Topar G., Grasseger A., Stanzl U., Koch F., Romani N., Namen A.E., Schuler G. Interleukin 7 is produced by murine and human keratinocytes. J. Exp. Med. 1993, 178:1109-1114.
66. Allgower M., Schoenenberger G.A., Sparkes B.G. Burning the largest immune organ. Burns 1995, 21(Suppl 1):S7-S47.
67. Fujita H., Nograles K.E., Kikuchi T., Gonzalez J., Carucci J.A., Krueger J.G. Human Langerhans cells induce distinct IL-22-producing CD4+ T cells lacking IL-17 production. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106(51):21795-21800.
68. de Jong M.A., de Witte L., Geijtenbeek T.B. Isolation of immature primary Langerhans cells from human epidermal skin. Methods Mol. Biol. 2010, 595:55-65.
69. Hosol J., Murphy G.F., Egan C.L., Lerner E.A., Grabbe S., Asahina A., Granstein R.D. Regulation of Langerhans cell function by nerves containing calcitonin gene-related peptide. Nature 1993, 363:159-163.
70. Hogan A.D., Burks A.W. Epidermal Langerhans' cells and their function in the skin immune system. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1995, 75:5-10.
71. Kubo A., Nagao K., Yokouchi M., Sasaki H., Amagai M. External antigen uptake by Langerhans cells with reorganization of epidermal tight junction barriers. J. Exp. Med. 2009, 206(13):2937-2946.
72. Kremer I.B., Sylva-Steenland R.M., Bos J.D., Teunissen M.B. Despite the presence of UVB-induced DNA damage, HLA-DR+ cells from ex vivo UVB-exposed human skin are able to migrate and show no impaired allostimulatory capacity. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1997, 109(5):626-631.
73. Kupper T.S., Chua A.O., Flood P., McGuire J., Gubler U. Interleukin 1 gene expression in cultured human keratinocytes is augmented by ultraviolet irradiation. J. Clin. Invest. 1987, 80:430-436.
74. Wood L.C., Elias P.M., Calhoun C. Barrier disruption stimulates interleukin-1alpha expression and release from a preformed pool in murine epidermis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1996, 106:397-403.
75. Luger T.A., Scholzen T., Grabbe S. The role of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in cutaneous biology. J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 1997, 2:87-93.
76. Dinarello C.A. Interleukin-1, interleukin-1 receptors and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Int. Rev. Immunol. 1998, 16:457-499.
77. Steinhoff M., Brzoska T., Luger T.A. Keratinocytes in epidermal immune responses. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2001, 1:469-476.
78. Kupper T.S. Biology of the interleukin-1 receptor. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1990, 94:146S-150S.
79. Medzhitov R., Janeway C.A. Innate immunity: the virtues of a nonclonal system of recognition. Cell 1997, 91:295-298.
80. Barnes P.J. Nuclear factor-kB. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 1997, 29:867-870.
81. Von Andrian U.H., Mackay C.R. T-cell function and migration. Two sides of the same coin. N. Engl. J. Med. 2000, 343:1020-1034.
82. Venneker G.T., Vodegel R.M., Okada N., Westerhof W., Bos J.D., Asghar S.S. Relative contributions of decay accelerating factor (DAF), membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and CD59 in the protection of melanocytes from homologous complement. Immunobiology 1998, 198(4):476-484.
83. Pasch M.C., Van Den Bosch N.H., Daha M.R., Bos J.D., Asghar S.S. Synthesis of complement components C3 and factor B in human keratinocytes is differentially regulated by cytokines. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2000, 114(1):78-82.
84. Timár K.K., Pasch M.C., van den Bosch N.H., Jarva H., Junnikkala S., Meri S., Bos J.D., Asghar S.S. Human keratinocytes produce the complement inhibitor factor H: synthesis is regulated by interferon-gamma. Mol. Immunol. 2006, 43(4):317-325.
85. Timár K.K., Junnikkala S., Dallos A., Jarva H., Bhuiyan Z.A., Meri S., Bos J.D., Asghar S.S. Human keratinocytes produce the complement inhibitor factor I: synthesis is regulated by interferon-gamma. Mol. Immunol. 2007, 44(11):2943-2949.
86. Timár K.K., Dallos A., Kiss M., Husz S., Bos J.D., Asghar S.S. Expression of terminal complement components by human keratinocytes. Mol. Immunol. 2007, 44(10):2578-2586.
87. Pasch M.C., Okada N., Bos J.D., Asghar S.S. Effects of UVB on the synthesis of complement proteins by keratinocytes. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1998, 111(4):683-688.
88. Piskin G., Bos J.D., Teunissen M.B. Neutrophils infiltrating ultraviolet B-irradiated normal human skin display high IL-10 expression. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 2005, 296(7):339-342.
89. Muller H.K., Bucana C.D., Kripke M.L. Antigen presentation in the skin: modulation by u.v. radiation and chemical carcinogens. Semin. Immunol. 1992, 4:205-215.
90. Rabinovich G.A., Gabrilovich D., Sotomayor E.M. Immunosuppressive strategies that are mediated by tumor cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2007, 25:267-296.
91. Reiman J.M., Kmieciak M., Manjili M.H., Knutson K.L. Tumor immunoediting and immunosculpting pathways to cancer progression. Semin. Cancer Biol. 2007, 17(4):275-287.
92. Zattra E., Fortina A.B., Bordignon M., Piaserico S., Alaibac M. Immunosuppression and melanocyte proliferation. Melanoma Res. 2009, 19(2):63-68.
93. Gajewski T.F. Failure at the effector phase: immune barriers at the level of the melanoma tumor microenvironment. Clin. Cancer Res. 2007, 13(18 Pt. 1):5256-5261.
94. Crowson A.N., Magro C.M., Mihm M.C. Prognosticators of melanoma, the melanoma report, and the sentinel lymph node. Mod. Pathol. 2006, 19(Suppl. 2):S71-S87.
95. Bosserhoff A.K. Novel biomarkers in malignant melanoma. Clin. Chim. Acta 2006, 367(1-2):28-35.
96. Utikal J., Schadendorf D., Ugurel S. Serologic and immunohistochemical prognostic biomarkers of cutaneous malignancies. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 2007, 298(10):469-477.
97. Spatz A., Batist G., Eggermont A.M. The biology behind prognostic factors of cutaneous melanoma. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 2010, 22(3):163-168.
98. Ebert L.M., Meuter S., Moser B. Homing and function of human skin gammadelta T cells and NK cells: relevance for tumor surveillance. J. Immunol. 2006, 176(7):4331-4336.
99. Piras F., Colombari R., Minerba L., Murtas D., Floris C., Maxia C., Corbu A., Perra M.T., Sirigu P. The predictive value of CD8, CD4, CD68, and human leukocyte antigen-D-related cells in the prognosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma with vertical growth phase. Cancer 2005, 104(6):1246-1254.
100. Hussein M.R., Elsers D.A., Fadel S.A., Omar A.E. Immunohistological characterisation of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in melanocytic skin lesions. J. Clin. Pathol. 2006, 59(3):316-324.
101. Ladányi A., Kiss J., Somlai B., Gilde K., Fejos Z., Mohos A., Gaudi I., Tímár J. Density of DC-LAMP(+) mature dendritic cells in combination with activated T lymphocytes infiltrating primary cutaneous melanoma is a strong independent prognostic factor. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 2007, 56(9):1459-1469.
102. Simonetti O., Goteri G., Lucarini G., Rubini C., Stramazzotti D., Lo Muzio L., Biagini G., Offidani A. In melanoma changes of immature and mature dendritic cell expression correlate with tumor thickness: an immunohistochemical study. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 2007, 20(2):325-333.
103. Mourmouras V., Fimiani M., Rubegni P., Epistolato M.C., Malagnino V., Cardone C., Cosci E., Nisi M.C., Miracco C. Evaluation of tumour-infiltrating CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in human cutaneous benign and atypical naevi, melanomas and melanoma metastases. Br. J. Dermatol. 2007, 157(3):531-539.
104. De Panfilis G., Campanini N., Santini M., Mori G., Tognetti E., Maestri R., Lombardi M., Froio E., Ferrari D., Ricci R. Phase- and stage-related proportions of T cells bearing the transcription factor FOXP3 infiltrate primary melanoma. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2008, 128(3):676-684.
105. Hillen F., Baeten C.I., van de Winkel A., Creytens D., van der Schaft D.W., Winnepenninckx V., Griffioen A.W. Leukocyte infiltration and tumor cell plasticity are parameters of aggressiveness in primary cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 2008, 57(1):97-106.
106. Miracco C., Mourmouras V., Biagioli M., Rubegni P., Mannucci S., Monciatti I., Cosci E., Tosi P., Luzi P. Utility of tumour-infiltrating CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cell evaluation in predicting local recurrence in vertical growth phase cutaneous melanoma. Oncol. Rep. 2007, 18(5):1115-1122.
107. Costache M., Neagu M., Petrescu A., Constantin C., Manda G., Vrabie C.D., Waller M., Petrescu C.S. Simionescu O Statistical correlations between peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and tumor inflammatory infiltrate in stage I of skin melanoma. Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol. 2010, 51(4):693-699.
108. Kiss J. Examination of different factors influencing the vascularization of human cutaneous melanoma. Magy. Onkol. 2008, 52(4):385-389.
109. Massi D., Marconi C., Franchi A., Bianchini F., Paglierani M., Ketabchi S., Miracco C., Santucci M., Calorini L. Arginine metabolism in tumor-associated macrophages in cutaneous malignant melanoma: evidence from human and experimental tumors. Hum. Pathol. 2007, 38(10):1516-1525.
110. Li C., Hu Z., Liu Z., Wang L.E., Gershenwald J.E., Lee J.E., Prieto V.G., Duvic M., Grimm E.A., Wei Q. Polymorphisms of the neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase genes and the risk of cutaneous melanoma: a case-control study. Cancer 2007, 109(8):1570-1578.
111. Scala S., Ottaiano A., Ascierto P.A., Cavalli M., Simeone E., Giuliano P., Napolitano M., Franco R., Botti G., Castello G. Expression of CXCR4 predicts poor prognosis in patients with malignant melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 2005, 11(5):1835-1841.
112. Scala S., Giuliano P., Ascierto P.A., Ieranò C., Franco R., Napolitano M., Ottaiano A., Lombardi M.L., Luongo M., Simeone E., Castiglia D., Mauro F., De Michele I., Calemma R., Botti G., Caracò C., Nicoletti G., Satriano R.A., Castello G. Human melanoma metastases express functional CXCR4. Clin. Cancer Res. 2006, 12(8):2427-2433.
113. Qin S., Rottman J.B., Myers P., Kassam N., Weinblatt M., Loetscher M., Koch A.E., Moser B., Mackay C.R. The chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR5 mark subsets of T cells associated with certain inflammatory reactions. J. Clin. Invest. 1998, 101(4):746-754.
114. Monteagudo C., Martin J.M., Jorda E., Llombart-Bosch A. CXCR3 chemokine receptor immunoreactivity in primary cutaneous malignant melanoma: correlation with clinicopathological prognostic factors. J. Clin. Pathol. 2007, 60(6):596-599.
115. Wang W., Soto H., Oldham E.R., Buchanan M.E., Homey B., Catron D., Jenkins N., Copeland N.G., Gilbert D.J., Nguyen N., Abrams J., Kershenovich D., Smith K., McClanahan T., Vicari A.P., Zlotnik A. Identification of a novel chemokine (CCL28), which binds CCR10 (GPR2). J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:22313-22323.
116. Simonetti O., Goteri G., Lucarini G., Filosa A., Pieramici T., Rubini C., Biagini G., Offidani A. Potential role of CCL27 and CCR10 expression in melanoma progression and immune escape. Eur. J. Cancer 2006, 42(8):1181-1187.
117. Seidl H., Richtig E., Tilz H., Stefan M., Schmidbauer U., Asslaber M., Zatloukal K., Herlyn M., Schaider H. Profiles of chemokine receptors in melanocytic lesions: de novo expression of CXCR6 in melanoma. Hum. Pathol. 2007, 38(5):768-780.
118. Howell W.M., Rose-Zerilli M.J., Theaker J.M., Bateman A.C. ICAM-1 polymorphisms and development of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Int. J. Immunogenet. 2005, 32(6):367-373.
119. Vinceti M., Pellacani G., Casali B., Malagoli C., Nicoli D., Farnetti E., Bassissi S., Bergomi M., Seidenari S. High risk of cutaneous melanoma amongst carriers of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 R241 allele. Melanoma Res. 2006, 16(1):93-96.
120. Zen K., Liu D.-Q., Li L.-M., Chen C.X.-J., Guo Y.-L., Ha B., Chen X., Zhang C.-Y., Liu Y. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan form of epithelial CD44v3 serves as a CD11b/CD18 counter-receptor during polymorphonuclear leukocyte transepithelial migration. JBC 2009, 284:3768-3776.
121. Pacifico M.D., Grover R., Richman P.I., Daley F.M., Buffa F., Wilson G.D. CD44v3 levels in primary cutaneous melanoma are predictive of prognosis: assessment by the use of tissue microarray. Int. J. Cancer 2006, 118(6):1460-1464.
122. Damm S., Koefinger P., Stefan M., Wels C., Mehes G., Richtig E., Kerl H., Otte M., Schaider H. HGF-promoted motility in primary human melanocytes depends on CD44v6 regulated via NF-kappa B, Egr-1, and C/EBP-beta. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2010, 130(7):1893-1903.
123. Gedye C., Quirk J., Browning J., Svobodová S., John T., Sluka P., Dunbar P.R., Corbeil D., Cebon J., Davis I.D. Cancer/testis antigens can be immunological targets in clonogenic CD133+ melanoma cells. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 2009, 58(10):1635-1646.
124. Lazova R R., Gould Rothberg B.E., Rimm D., Scott G. The semaphorin 7A receptor Plexin C1 is lost during melanoma metastasis. Am. J. Dermatopathol. 2009, 31(2):177-181.
125. Brychtova S., Fiuraskova M., Hlobilková A., Brychta T., Hirnak J. Nestin expression in cutaneous melanomas and melanocytic nevi. J. Cutan. Pathol. 2007, 34(5):370-375.
126. Mihic-Probst D., Kuster A., Kilgus S., Bode-Lesniewska B., Ingold-Heppner B., Leung C., Storz M., Seifert B., Marino S., Schraml P., Dummer R., Moch H. Consistent expression of the stem cell renewal factor BMI-1 in primary and metastatic melanoma. Int. J. Cancer 2007, 121(8):1764-1770.
127. Sharma B.K., Manglik V., Elias E.G. Immuno-expression of human melanoma stem cell markers in tissues at different stages of the disease. J. Surg. Res. 2010, 163(1):e11-e15.
128. Sondak V.K., Messina J.L. Current status of biomarkers for melanoma metastasis. IDrugs 2006, 9(9):627-631.
129. Wobser M., Siedel C., Schrama D., Bröcker E.B., Becker J.C., Vetter-Kauczok C.S. Expression pattern of the lymphatic and vascular markers VEGFR-3 and CD31 does not predict regional lymph node metastasis in cutaneous melanoma. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 2006, 297(8):352-357.
130. Demirkesen C., Büyükpinarbaşili N., Ramazanoĝlu R., Oĝuz O., Mandel N.M., Kaner G. The correlation of angiogenesis with metastasis in primary cutaneous melanoma: a comparative analysis of microvessel density, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblastic growth factor. Pathology 2006, 38(2):132-137.
131. Massi D., Landriscina M., Piscazzi A., Cosci E., Kirov A., Paglierani M., Di Serio C., Mourmouras V., Fumagalli S., Biagioli M., Prudovsky I., Miracco C., Santucci M., Marchionni N., Tarantini F. S100A13 is a new angiogenic marker in human melanoma. Mod. Pathol. 2010, 23(6):804-813.
132. Tucci M.G., Lucarini G., Brancorsini D., Zizzi A., Pugnaloni A., Giacchetti A., Ricotti G., Biagini G. Involvement of E-cadherin, beta-catenin, Cdc42 and CXCR4 in the progression and prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. Br. J. Dermatol. 2007, 157(6):1212-1216.
133. Izraely S., Klein A., Sagi-Assif O., Meshel T., Tsarfaty G., Hoon D.S., Witz I.P. Chemokine-chemokine receptor axes in melanoma brain metastasis. Immunol. Lett. 2010, 130(1-2):107-114.
134. Radford K.J., Thorne R.F., Hersey P. CD63 associates with transmembrane 4 superfamily members, CD9 and CD81, and with beta 1 integrins in human melanoma. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1996, 222(1):13-18.
135. Wu Y., Zhang X.B., Liu H.J., Zheng L.D., Li J.W., Lin Y. Expression of neutral endopeptidase and motility-related protein-1 in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2007, 36(7):466-469.
136. Amersi F.F., Terando A.M., Goto Y., Scolyer R.A., Thompson J.F., Tran A.N., Faries M.B., Morton D.L., Hoon D.S. Activation of CCR9/CCL25 in cutaneous melanoma mediates preferential metastasis to the small intestine. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008, 14(3):638-645.
137. Huang S.K., Darfler M.M., Nicholl M.B., You J., Bemis K.G., Tegeler T.J., Wang M., Wery J.P., Chong K.K., Nguyen L., Scolyer R.A., Hoon D.S. LC/MS-based quantitative proteomic analysis of paraffin-embedded archival melanomas reveals potential proteomic biomarkers associated with metastasis. PLoS One 2009, 4(2):e4430.
138. Gould Rothberg B.E., Bracken M.B., Rimm D.L. Tissue biomarkers for prognosis in cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2009, 101(7):452-474.
139. Staquicini F.I., Tandle A., Libutti S.K., Sun J., Zigler M., Bar-Eli M., Aliperti F., Pérez E.C., Gershenwald J.E., Mariano M., Pasqualini R., Arap W., Lopes J.D. A subset of host B-lymphocytes control melanoma metastasis through a MCAM/MUC18-dependent interaction: evidence from mice and humans. Cancer Res. 2008, 68(20):8419-8428.
140. Neagu M., Constantin C., Tanase C. Immune-related biomarkers for diagnosis/prognosis and therapy monitoring of cutaneous melanoma. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 2010, 10(7):897-919.
141. Shidham V.B., Chang C.C., Komorowski R. MCW melanoma cocktail for the evaluation of micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes of cutaneous melanoma. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 2005, 5(3):281-290.
142. Dadras S.S., Lange-Asschenfeldt B., Velasco P., Nguyen L., Vora A., Muzikansky A., Jahnke K., Hauschild A., Hirakawa S., Mihm M.C., Detmar M. Tumor lymphangiogenesis predicts melanoma metastasis to sentinel lymph nodes. Mod. Pathol. 2005, 18(9):1232-1242.
143. Sahni D., Robson A., Orchard G., Szydlo R., Evans A.V., Russell-Jones R. The use of LYVE-1 antibody for detecting lymphatic involvement in patients with malignant melanoma of known sentinel node status. J. Clin. Pathol. 2005, 58(7):715-721.
144. Massi D., De Nisi M.C., Franchi A., Mourmouras V., Baroni G., Panelos J., Santucci M., Miracco C. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in melanoma: implications in lymphangiogenesis. Mod. Pathol. 2009, 22(1):21-30.
145. Negin B., Panka D., Wang W., Siddiqui M., Tawa N., Mullen J., Tahan S., Mandato L., Polivy A., Mier J., Atkins M. Effect of melanoma on immune function in the regional lymph node basin. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008, 14(3):654-659.
146. Baniyash M. TCR ζ-chain downregulation: curtailing an excessive inflammatory immune response. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2004, 4:675-687.
147. Sarff M., Edwards D., Dhungel B., Wegmann K.W., Corless C., Weinberg A.D., Vetto J.T. OX40 (CD134) expression in sentinel lymph nodes correlates with prognostic features of primary melanomas. Am. J. Surg. 2008, 195(5):621-625.
148. Soubrane C., Rixe O., Meric J.B., Khayat D., Mouawad R. Pretreatment serum interleukin-6 concentration as a prognostic factor of overall survival in metastatic malignant melanoma patients treated with biochemotherapy: a retrospective study. Melanoma Res. 2005, 15(3):199-204.
149. Tas F., Oguz H., Argon A., Duranyildiz D., Camlica H., Yasasever V., Topuz E. The value of serum levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and erythropoietin in metastatic malignant melanoma: serum IL-6 level is a valuable prognostic factor at least as serum LDH in advanced melanoma. Med. Oncol. 2005, 22(3):241-246.
150. Botella-Estrada R., Escudero M., O'Connor J.E., Nagore E., Fenollosa B., Sanmartín O., Requena C., Guillén C. Cytokine production by peripheral lymphocytes in melanoma. Eur. Cytokine Netw. 2005, 16(1):47-55.
151. McCarter M.D., Baumgartner J., Escobar G.A., Richter D., Lewis K., Robinson W., Wilson C., Palmer B.E., Gonzalez R. Immunosuppressive dendritic and regulatory T cells are upregulated in melanoma patients. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2007, 14(10):2854-2860.
152. Yurkovetsky Z.R., Kirkwood J.M., Edington H.D., Marrangoni A.M., Velikokhatnaya L., Winans M.T., Gorelik E., Lokshin A.E. Multiplex analysis of serum cytokines in melanoma patients treated with interferon-alpha2b. Clin. Cancer Res. 2007, 13(8):2422-2428.
153. Malaponte G., Zacchia A., Bevelacqua Y., Marconi A., Perrotta R., Mazzarino M.C., Cardile V., Stivala F. Co-regulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and transforming growth factor-beta in melanoma development and progression. Oncol. Rep. 2010, 24(1):81-87.
154. Hoek K., Rimm D.L., Williams K.R., Zhao H., Ariyan S., Lin A., Kluger H.M., Berger A.J., Cheng E., Trombetta E.S., Wu T., Niinobe M., Yoshikawa K., Hannigan G.E., Halaban R. Expression profiling reveals novel pathways in the transformation of melanocytes to melanomas. Cancer Res. 2004, 64(15):5270-5282.
155. Critchley-Thorne R.J., Yan N., Nacu S., Weber J., Holmes S.P., Lee P.P. Down-regulation of the interferon signaling pathway in T lymphocytes from patients with metastatic melanoma. PLoS Med. 2007, 4(5):e176. 897-911.
156. Ménard C., Ghiringhelli F., Roux S., Chaput N., Mateus C., Grohmann U., Caillat-Zucman S., Zitvogel L., Robert C. CTLA-4 blockade confers lymphocyte resistance to regulatory T-cells in advanced melanoma: surrogate marker of efficacy of tremelimumab?. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008, 14(16):5242-5249.
157. Neagu M., Constantin C., Manda G., Margaritescu I. Biomarkers of metastatic melanoma. Biomark. Med. 2009, 3(1):71-89.
158. Ilkovitch D., Lopez D.M. Immune modulation by melanoma-derived factors. Exp. Dermatol. 2008, 17(12):977-985.
159. Hernberg M., Mattila P.S., Rissanen M., Hansson J., Aamdal S., Bastholt L., von der Maase H., Schmidt H., Stierner U., Tarkkanen J. The prognostic role of blood lymphocyte subset distribution in patients with resected high-risk primary or regionally metastatic melanoma. J. Immunother. 2007, 30(7):773-779.
160. Casado J.G., Soto R., DelaRosa O., Peralbo E., del Carmen Muñoz-Villanueva M., Rioja L., Peña J., Solana R., Tarazona R. CD8 T cells expressing NK associated receptors are increased in melanoma patients and display an effector phenotype. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 2005, 54(12):1162-1171.
161. Viallard J.-F., Blanco P., André M., Etienne G., Liferman F., Neau D., Vidal E., Moreau J.-F., Pellegrin J.-L. CD8+HLA-DR+ T lymphocytes are increased in common variable immunodeficiency patients with impaired memory B-cell differentiation. Clin. Immunol. 2006, 119(1):51-58.
162. Campillo J.A., Martínez-Escribano J.A., Moya-Quiles M.R., Marín L.A., Muro M., Guerra N., Parrado A., Campos M., Frías J.F., Minguela A., García-Alonso A.M., Alvarez-López M.R. Natural killer receptors on CD8 T cells and natural killer cells from different HLA-C phenotypes in melanoma patients. Clin. Cancer Res. 2006, 12(16):4822-4831.
163. Campillo J.A., Martínez-Escribano J.A., Minguela A., López-Alvarez R., Marín L.A., García-Alonso A.M., Bensussan A., Alvarez-López M.R. Increased number of cytotoxic CD3+ CD28- gammadelta T cells in peripheral blood of patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. Dermatology 2007, 214(4):283-288.
164. Avogadri F., Yuan J., Yang A., Schaer D., Wolchok J.D. Modulation of CTLA-4 and GITR for Cancer Immunotherapy. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 2010, 344:211-244.
165. Fehérvari Z., Sakaguchi S. CD4+ Tregs and immune control. J. Clin. Invest. 2004, 114(9):1209-1217.
166. Baumgartner J., Wilson C., Palmer B., Richter D., Banerjee A., McCarter M. Melanoma induces immunosuppression by up-regulating FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells. J. Surg. Res. 2007, 141(1):72-77.
167. Clark R.A., Kupper T.S. IL-15 and dermal fibroblasts induce proliferation of natural regulatory T cells isolated from human skin. Blood 2007, 109(1):194-202.
168. Vence L., Palucka A.K., Fay J.W., Ito T., Liu Y.J., Banchereau J., Ueno H. Circulating tumor antigen-specific regulatory T cells in patients with metastatic melanoma. PNAS 2007, 18(2):59-70.
169. Stockis J., Fink W., François V., Connerotte T., de Smet C., Knoops L., van der Bruggen P., Boon T., Coulie P.G., Lucas S. Comparison of stable human Treg and Th clones by transcriptional profiling. Eur. J. Immunol. 2009, 39(3):869-882.
170. Ghiringhelli F., Ménard C., Terme M., Flament C., Taieb J., Chaput N., Puig P.E., Novault S., Escudier B., Vivier E., Lecesne A., Robert C., Blay J.Y., Bernard J., Caillat-Zucman S., Freitas A., Tursz T., Wagner-Ballon O., Capron C., Vainchencker W., Martin F., Zitvogel L. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibit natural killer cell functions in a transforming growth factor-beta-dependent manner. J. Exp. Med. 2005, 202(8):1075-1085.
171. Baba E., Erskine R., Boyson J.E., Cohen G.B., Davis D.M., Malik P., Mandelboim O., Reyburn H.T., Strominger J.L. N-linked carbohydrate on human leukocyte antigen-C and recognition by natural killer cell inhibitory receptors. Hum. Immunol. 2000, 61(12):1202-1218.
172. Konjević G., Mirjacić Martinović K., Jurisić V., Babović N., Spuzić I. Biomarkers of suppressed natural killer (NK) cell function in metastatic melanoma: decreased NKG2D and increased CD158a receptors on CD3-CD16+ NK cells. Biomarkers 2009, 14(4):258-270.
173. Baumgartner J.M., Gonzalez R., Lewis K.D., Robinson W.A., Richter D.A., Palmer B.E., Wilson C.C., McCarter M.D. Increased survival from stage IV melanoma associated with fewer regulatory T Cells. J. Surg. Res. 2009, 154(1):13-20.
174. Charles J., Di Domizio J., Salameire D., Bendriss-Vermare N., Aspord C., Muhammad R., Lefebvre C., Plumas J., Leccia M.T., Chaperot L. Characterization of circulating dendritic cells in melanoma: role of CCR6 in plasmacytoid dendritic cell recruitment to the tumor. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2010, 130(6):1646-1656.
175. Sabatino M., Stroncek D.F., Klein H., Marincola F.M., Wang E. Stem cells in melanoma development. Cancer Lett. 2009, 279(2):119-125.
176. Fusi A., Ochsenreither S., Busse A., Rietz A., Keilholz U. Expression of the stem cell marker nestin in peripheral blood of patients with melanoma. Br. J. Dermatol. 2010, 163:107-114.
177. Fusi A., Collette S., Busse A., Suciu S., Rietz A., Santinami M., Kruit W.H., Testori A., Punt C.J., Dalgleish A.G., Spatz A., Eggermont A.M., Keilholz U. Circulating melanoma cells and distant metastasis-free survival in stage III melanoma patients with or without adjuvant interferon treatment (EORTC 18991 side study). Eur. J. Cancer 2009, 45(18):3189-3197.
178. Medic S., Pearce R.L., Heenan P.J., Ziman M. Molecular markers of circulating melanoma cells. Pigment Cell Res. 2007, 20(2):80-91.
179. Greco M., Mitri M.D., Chiriacò F., Leo G., Brienza E., Maffia M. Serum proteomic profile of cutaneous malignant melanoma and relation to cancer progression: association to tumor derived alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity. Cancer Lett. 2009, 283(2):222-229.
180. Riker A.I., Jove R., Daud A.I. Immunotherapy as part of a multidisciplinary approach to melanoma treatment. Front. Biosci. 2006, 11:1-14.
181. Cassarino D.S., Miller W.J., Auerbach A., Yang A., Sherry R., Duray P.H. The effects of gp100 and tyrosinase peptide vaccinations on nevi in melanoma patients. J. Cutan. Pathol. 2006, 33(5):335-342.
182. Frankenburg S., Grinberg I., Bazak Z., Fingerut L., Pitcovski J., Gorodetsky R., Peretz T., Spira R.M., Skornik Y., Goldstein R.S. Immunological activation following transcutaneous delivery of HR-gp100 protein. Vaccine 2007, 25(23):4564-4570.
183. Slingluff C.L., Petroni G.R., Olson W., Czarkowski A., Grosh W.W., Smolkin M., Chianese-Bullock K.A., Neese P.Y., Deacon D.H., Nail C., Merrill P., Fink R., Patterson J.W., Rehm P.K. Helper T-cell responses and clinical activity of a melanoma vaccine with multiple peptides from MAGE and melanocytic differentiation antigens. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008, 26(30):4973-4980.
184. Lienard D., Avril M.F., Le Gal F.A., Baumgaertner P., Vermeulen W., Blom A., Geldhof C., Rimoldi D., Pagliusi S., Romero P., Dietrich P.Y., Corvaia N., Speiser D.E. Vaccination of melanoma patients with Melan-A/Mart-1 peptide and Klebsiella outer membrane protein p40 as an adjuvant. J. Immunother. 2009, 32(8):875-878.
185. Schrama D., Hauschild A., Becker J.C. Immunmodulatory antibodies in the treatment of skin cancer. Hautarzt 2008, 59(10):806-813.
186. Langer L.F., Clay T.M., Morse M.A. Update on anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in clinical trials. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 2007, 7(8):1245-1256.
187. Sarnaik A.A., Yu B., Yu D., Morelli D.R., Hall M.S., Bogle D., Yan L., Targan S.R., Snively J., Nichol G., Yellin M., Weber J.S. Extended dose ipilimumab with a peptide vaccine: immune correlates associated with clinical benefit in patients with resected high-risk stage IIIc/IV melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 2011, 17(4):896-906.
188. Dummer R., Hauschild A., Becker J.C., Grob J.J., Schadendorf D., Tebbs V., et al. An exploratory study of systemic administration of the toll-like receptor-7 agonist 852A in patients with refractory metastatic melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008, 14(3):856-864.
189. Wolf I.H., Kodama K., Cerroni L., Kerl H. Nature of inflammatory infiltrate in superficial cutaneous malignancies during topical imiquimod treatment. Am. J. Dermatopathol. 2007, 29(3):237-241.
190. Wenzel J., Uerlich M., Haller O., Bieber T., Tueting T. Enhanced type I interferon signaling and recruitment of chemokine receptor CXCR3-expressing lymphocytes into the skin following treatment with the TLR7-agonist imiquimod. J. Cutan. Pathol. 2005, 32(4):257-262.
191. Pashenkov M., Goëss G., Wagner C., Hörmann M., Jandl T., Moser A., Britten C.M., Smolle J., Koller S., Mauch C., Tantcheva-Poor I., Grabbe S., Loquai C., Esser S., Franckson T., Schneeberger A., Haarmann C., Krieg A.M., Stingl G., Wagner S.N. Phase II trial of a toll-like receptor 9-activating oligonucleotide in patients with metastatic melanoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2006, 24(36):5716-5724.
192. Delcayre A., Shu H., Le Pecq J.B. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes in cancer immunotherapy: exploiting nature's antigen delivery pathway. Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther. 2005, 5(3):537-547.
193. Hao S., Bai O., Yuan J., Qureshi M., Xiang J. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes stimulate stronger CD8+ CTL responses and antitumor immunity than tumor cell-derived exosomes. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 2006, 3(3):205-211.
194. Escudier B., Dorval T., Chaput N., André F., Caby M.P., Novault S., Flament C., Leboulaire C., Borg C., Amigorena S., Boccaccio C., Bonnerot C., Dhellin O., Movassagh M., Piperno S., Robert C., Serra V., Valente N., Le Pecq J.B., Spatz A., Lantz O., Tursz T., Angevin E., Zitvogel L. Vaccination of metastatic melanoma patients with autologous dendritic cell (DC) derived-exosomes: results of the first phase I clinical trial. J. Transl. Med. 2005, 3(1):10-23.
195. Davis I.D., Chen Q., Morris L., Quirk J., Stanley M., Tavarnesi M.L., Parente P., Cavicchiolo T., Hopkins W., Jackson H., Dimopoulos N., Tai T.Y., MacGregor D., Browning J., Svobodova S., Caron D., Maraskovsky E., Old L.J., Chen W., Cebon J. Blood dendritic cells generated with Flt3 ligand and CD40 ligand prime CD8+ T cells efficiently in cancer patients. J. Immunother. 2006, 29(5):499-511.
196. Aarntzen E.H., Figdor C.G., Adema G.J., Punt C.J., de Vries I.J. Dendritic cell vaccination and immune monitoring. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 2008, 57(10):1559-1568.
197. Nakai N., Katoh N., Germeraad W.T., Kishida T., Ueda E., Takenaka H., Mazda O., Kishimoto S. Immunohistological analysis of peptide-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity in advanced melanoma patients treated with melanoma antigen-pulsed mature monocyte-derived dendritic cell vaccination. J. Dermatol. Sci. 2009, 53(1):40-47.
198. Chapman P.B. Melanoma vaccines. Semin. Oncol. 2007, 34(6):516-523.
199. Andersen M.H., Gehl J., Reker S., Pedersen L.Ø., Becker J.C., Geertsen P., Thor Straten P. Dynamic changes of specific T cell responses to melanoma correlate with IL-2 administration. Semin. Cancer Biol. 2003, 13(6):449-459.
200. Cesana G.C., DeRaffele G., Cohen S., Moroziewicz D., Mitcham J., Stoutenburg J., Cheung K., Hesdorffer C., Kim-Schulze S., Kaufman H.L. Characterization of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in patients treated with high-dose interleukin-2 for metastatic melanoma or renal cell carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2006, 24(7):1169-1177.
201. Mackensen A., Meidenbauer N., Vogl S., Laumer M., Berger J., Andreesen R. Phase I study of adoptive T-cell therapy using antigen-specific CD8+ T cells for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2006, 24(31):5060-5069.
202. Green D.S., Dalgleish A.G., Belonwu N., Fischer M.D., Bodman-Smith M.D. Topical imiquimod and intralesional interleukin-2 increase activated lymphocytes and restore the Th1/Th2 balance in patients with metastatic melanoma. Br. J. Dermatol. 2008, 159(3):606-614.
203. Zimmerer J.M., Lesinski G.B., Ruppert A.S., Radmacher M.D., Noble C., Kendra K., Walker M.J., Carson W.E. Gene expression profiling reveals similarities between the in vitro and in vivo responses of immune effector cells to IFN-alpha. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008, 14(18):5900-5906.
204. Ahmadzadeh M., Antony P.A., Rosenberg S.A. IL-2 and IL-15 each mediate de novo induction of FOXP3 expression in human tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells. J. Immunother. 2007, 30(3):294-302.
205. Cocco C., Pistoia V., Airoldi I. New perspectives for melanoma immunotherapy: role of IL-12. Curr. Mol. Med. 2009, 9(4):459-469.
206. Ribas A. Update on immunotherapy for melanoma. J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw. 2006, 4(7):687-694.
207. Dalle S., Martin-Denavit T., Thomas L. Genotypic hypervariability of melanoma: a therapeutic challenge. Med. Sci. (Paris) 2006, 22(2):178-182.
208. Martins I., Sylla K., Deshayes F., Lauriol J., Ghislin S., Dieu-Nosjean M.C., Viguier M., Verola O., Charron D., Alcaide-Loridan C., Al-Daccak R. Coexpression of major histocompatibility complex class II with chemokines and nuclear NFkappaB p50 in melanoma: a rational for their association with poor prognosis. Melanoma Res. 2009, 19(4):226-237.
209. Franco R., Cantile M., Scala S., Catalano E., Cerrone M., Scognamiglio G., Pinto A., Chiofalo M.G., Caracò C., Anniciello A.M., Abbruzzese A., Caraglia M., Botti G. Histomorphologic parameters and CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression in sentinel node melanoma metastasis are correlated to clinical outcome. Cancer Biol. Ther. 2010, 9(6):423-429.
210. Nakai N., Katoh N., Kitagawa T., Ueda E., Takenaka H., Kishimoto S. Immunoregulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients treated with melanoma antigen-pulsed mature monocyte-derived dendritic cell vaccination. J. Dermatol. Sci. 2009, 54(1):31-37.