Mechanisms of dopamine quantal size regulation

Frontiers in Bioscience

Volumn 17, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 2740-2767

  Pereira, Daniela B ^a   Sulzer, David ^a,b  

^a School of Medicine ^*  (United States)

^b NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

DAT; Dopamine; Exocytosis; Full fusion; Kiss and run; Quantal size; Review; Tyrosine hydroxylase; VMAT

Indexed keywords

EID: 84860290472     PISSN: 27686701     EISSN: 27686698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/4083     Document Type: Review

References (280)

1. W. Schultz: Multiple dopamine functions at different time courses. Annu Rev Neurosci, 30, 259-88 (2007) (Pubitemid 47218758)
2. M. E. Rice, J. C. Patel and S. J. Cragg: Dopamine release in the basal ganglia. Neuroscience (2011)
3. B. Katz: Quantal mechanism of neural transmitter release. Science, 173(992), 123-6 (1971)
4. B. Katz: Neural transmitter release: from quantal secretion to exocytosis and beyond. The Fenn Lecture. J Neurocytol, 25(12), 677-86 (1996) (Pubitemid 27032356)
5. D. J. Leszczyszyn, J. A. Jankowski, O. H. Viveros, E. J. Diliberto, Jr., J. A. Near and R. M. Wightman: Secretion of catecholamines from individual adrenal medullary chromaffin cells. J Neurochem, 56(6), 1855-63 (1991)
6. R. M. Wightman, J. A. Jankowski, R. T. Kennedy, K. T. Kawagoe, T. J. Schroeder, D. J. Leszczyszyn, J. A. Near, E. J. Diliberto, Jr. and O. H. Viveros: Temporally resolved catecholamine spikes correspond to single vesicle release from individual chromaffin cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 88(23), 10754-8 (1991) (Pubitemid 21915916)
7. D. Sulzer, T. K. Chen, Y. Y. Lau, H. Kristensen, S. Rayport and A. Ewing: Amphetamine redistributes dopamine from synaptic vesicles to the cytosol and promotes reverse transport. J Neurosci, 15(5 Pt 2), 4102-8 (1995)
8. S. R. Sesack, C. Aoki and V. M. Pickel: Ultrastructural localization of D2 receptor-like immunoreactivity in midbrain dopamine neurons and their striatal targets. J Neurosci, 14(1), 88-106 (1994)
9. K. K. Yung, J. P. Bolam, A. D. Smith, S. M. Hersch, B. J. Ciliax and A. I. Levey: Immunocytochemical localization of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia of the rat: light and electron microscopy. Neuroscience, 65(3), 709-30 (1995)
10. M. J. Nirenberg, J. Chan, A. Pohorille, R. A. Vaughan, G. R. Uhl, M. J. Kuhar and V. M. Pickel: The dopamine transporter: comparative ultrastructure of dopaminergic axons in limbic and motor compartments of the nucleus accumbens. J Neurosci, 17(18), 6899-907 (1997) (Pubitemid 27427868)
11. M. J. Nirenberg, R. A. Vaughan, G. R. Uhl, M. J. Kuhar and V. M. Pickel: The dopamine transporter is localized to dendritic and axonal plasma membranes of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. J Neurosci, 16(2), 436-47 (1996) (Pubitemid 26028804)
12. D. Sulzer and E. N. Pothos: Regulation of quantal size by presynaptic mechanisms. Rev Neurosci, 11(2-3), 159-212 (2000) (Pubitemid 30133167)
13. P. A. Garris, E. L. Ciolkowski, P. Pastore and R. M. Wightman: Efflux of dopamine from the synaptic cleft in the nucleus accumbens of the rat brain. J Neurosci, 14(10), 6084-93 (1994) (Pubitemid 24307800)
14. D. L. Robinson, B. J. Venton, M. L. Heien and R. M. Wightman: Detecting subsecond dopamine release with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in vivo. Clin Chem, 49(10), 1763-73 (2003) (Pubitemid 37194245)
15. R. M. Wightman: Detection technologies. Probing cellular chemistry in biological systems with microelectrodes. Science, 311(5767), 1570-4 (2006)
16. Y. Schmitz, C. Schmauss and D. Sulzer: Altered dopamine release and uptake kinetics in mice lacking D2 receptors. J Neurosci, 22(18), 8002-9 (2002) (Pubitemid 35379105)
17. E. Pothos, M. Desmond and D. Sulzer: L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine increases the quantal size of exocytotic dopamine release in vitro. J Neurochem, 66(2), 629-36 (1996)
18. E. N. Pothos, E. Mosharov, K. P. Liu, W. Setlik, M. Haburcak, G. Baldini, M. D. Gershon, H. Tamir and D. Sulzer: Stimulation-dependent regulation of the pH, volume and quantal size of bovine and rodent secretory vesicles. J Physiol, 542(Pt 2), 453-76 (2002) (Pubitemid 35190307)
19. E. N. Pothos, V. Davila and D. Sulzer: Presynaptic recording of quanta from midbrain dopamine neurons and modulation of the quantal size. J Neurosci, 18(11), 4106-18 (1998) (Pubitemid 28243807)
20. E. V. Mosharov, L. W. Gong, B. Khanna, D. Sulzer and M. Lindau: Intracellular patch electrochemistry: regulation of cytosolic catecholamines in chromaffin cells. J Neurosci, 23(13), 5835-45 (2003) (Pubitemid 36807863)
21. S. C. Kumer and K. E. Vrana: Intricate regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and gene expression. J Neurochem, 67(2), 443-62 (1996) (Pubitemid 26255637)
22. P. R. Dunkley, L. Bobrovskaya, M. E. Graham, E. I. von Nagy-Felsobuki and P. W. Dickson: Tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation: regulation and consequences. J Neurochem, 91(5), 1025-43 (2004) (Pubitemid 39587442)
23. S. C. Daubner, T. Le and S. Wang: Tyrosine hydroxylase and regulation of dopamine synthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys, 508(1), 1-12 (2011)
24. T. Flatmark: Catecholamine biosynthesis and physiological regulation in neuroendocrine cells. Acta Physiol Scand, 168(1), 1-17 (2000) (Pubitemid 30128661)
25. D. Fader and E. J. Lewis: Interaction of cyclic AMP and cell-cell contact in the control of tyrosine hydroxylase RNA. Brain Res Mol Brain Res, 8(1), 25-9 (1990) (Pubitemid 20179850)
26. J. M. Carroll, K. S. Kim, K. T. Kim, H. M. Goodman and T. H. Joh: Effects of second messenger system activation on functional expression of tyrosine hydroxylase fusion gene constructs in neuronal and nonneuronal cells. J Mol Neurosci, 3(2), 65-74 (1991)
27. K. S. Kim, C. Tinti, B. Song, J. F. Cubells and T. H. Joh: Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase regulates basal and cyclic AMP-stimulated but not phorbol esterstimulated transcription of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene. J Neurochem, 63(3), 834-42 (1994)
28. J. A. Best, Y. Chen, K. M. Piech and A. W. Tank: The response of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene to cyclic AMP is mediated by two cyclic AMP-response elements. J Neurochem, 65(5), 1934-43 (1995)
29. C. Icard-Liepkalns, N. F. Biguet, S. Vyas, J. J. Robert, P. Sassone-Corsi and J. Mallet: AP-1 complex and c-fos transcription are involved in TPA provoked and transsynaptic inductions of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene: insights into long-term regulatory mechanisms. J Neurosci Res, 32(2), 290-8 (1992)
30. G. T. Coker, 3rd, L. Vinnedge and K. L. O'Malley: Characterization of rat and human tyrosine hydroxylase genes: functional expression of both promoters in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 157(3), 1341-7 (1988) (Pubitemid 19026005)
31. L. H. Fossom, C. R. Sterling and A. W. Tank: Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription rate and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA stability by cyclic AMP and glucocorticoid. Mol Pharmacol, 42(5), 898-908 (1992) (Pubitemid 23021495)
32. S. Vyas, N. Faucon Biguet and J. Mallet: Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene by protein kinase C. EMBO J, 9(11), 3707-12 (1990)
33. G. L. Craviso, V. B. Hemelt and J. C. Waymire: Nicotinic cholinergic regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression and catecholamine synthesis in isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. J Neurochem, 59(6), 2285-96 (1992)
34. M. F. Czyzyk-Krzeska, B. A. Furnari, E. E. Lawson and D. E. Millhorn: Hypoxia increases rate of transcription and stability of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. J Biol Chem, 269(1), 760-4 (1994) (Pubitemid 24026725)
35. X. Chen, L. Xu, P. Radcliffe, B. Sun and A. W. Tank: Activation of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA translation by cAMP in midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Mol Pharmacol, 73(6), 1816-28 (2008) (Pubitemid 351724369)
36. D. G. Campbell, D. G. Hardie and P. R. Vulliet: Identification of four phosphorylation sites in the Nterminal region of tyrosine hydroxylase. J Biol Chem, 261(23), 10489-92 (1986) (Pubitemid 17194826)
37. J. W. Haycock: Phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in situ at serine 8, 19, 31, and 40. J Biol Chem, 265(20), 11682-91 (1990)
38. M. F. Salvatore, J. C. Waymire and J. W. Haycock: Depolarization- stimulated catecholamine biosynthesis: involvement of protein kinases and tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation sites in situ. J Neurochem, 79(2), 349-60 (2001) (Pubitemid 32988951)
39. J. A. Meligeni, J. W. Haycock, W. F. Bennett and J. C. Waymire: Phosphorylation and activation of tyrosine hydroxylase mediate the cAMP-induced increase in catecholamine biosynthesis in adrenal chromaffin cells. J Biol Chem, 257(21), 12632-40 (1982) (Pubitemid 13209982)
40. J. C. Waymire, J. P. Johnston, K. Hummer-Lickteig, A. Lloyd, A. Vigny and G. L. Craviso: Phosphorylation of bovine adrenal chromaffin cell tyrosine hydroxylase. Temporal correlation of acetylcholine's effect on site phosphorylation, enzyme activation, and catecholamine synthesis. J Biol Chem, 263(25), 12439-47 (1988) (Pubitemid 19000424)
41. S. El Mestikawy, J. Glowinski and M. Hamon: Tyrosine hydroxylase activation in depolarized dopaminergic terminals-involvement of Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation. Nature, 302(5911), 830-2 (1983) (Pubitemid 13125122)
42. N. Lindgren, Z. Q. Xu, M. Lindskog, M. Herrera-Marschitz, M. Goiny, J. Haycock, M. Goldstein, T. Hokfelt and G. Fisone: Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and phosphorylation at Ser(19) and Ser(40) via activation of glutamate NMDA receptors in rat striatum. J Neurochem, 74(6), 2470-7 (2000) (Pubitemid 30314223)
43. J. Y. Lew, A. Garcia-Espana, K. Y. Lee, K. D. Carr, M. Goldstein, J. W. Haycock and E. Meller: Increased site-specific phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase accompanies stimulation of enzymatic activity induced by cessation of dopamine neuronal activity. Mol Pharmacol, 55(2), 202-9 (1999) (Pubitemid 29076014)
44. M. Goldstein, B. Anagnoste and C. Shirron: The effect of trivastal, haloperidol and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on (14C)dopamine synthesis in rat striatum. J Pharm Pharmacol, 25(4), 348-51 (1973)
45. J. E. Harris, V. H. Morgenroth, 3rd, R. H. Roth and R. J. Baldessarini: Regulation of catecholamine synthesis in the rat brain in vitro by cyclic AMP. Nature, 252(5479), 156-8 (1974)
46. W. Lovenberg, E. A. Bruckwick and I. Hanbauer: ATP, cyclic AMP, and magnesium increase the affinity of rat striatal tyrosine hydroxylase for its cofactor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 72(8), 2955-8 (1975)
47. V. H. Morgenroth, 3rd, L. R. Hegstrand, R. H. Roth and P. Greengard: Evidence for involvement of protein kinase in the activation by adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate of brain tyrosine 3-monooxygenase. J Biol Chem, 250(5), 1946-8 (1975)
48. J. W. Haycock, N. G. Ahn, M. H. Cobb and E. G. Krebs: ERK1 and ERK2, two microtubule-associated protein 2 kinases, mediate the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase at serine-31 in situ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 89(6), 2365-9 (1992)
49. N. Lindgren, M. Goiny, M. Herrera-Marschitz, J. W. Haycock, T. Hokfelt and G. Fisone: Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 by depolarization stimulates tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation and dopamine synthesis in rat brain. Eur J Neurosci, 15(4), 769-73 (2002) (Pubitemid 35471943)
50. G. Thomas, J. Haavik and P. Cohen: Participation of a stress-activated protein kinase cascade in the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in chromaffin cells. Eur J Biochem, 247(3), 1180-9 (1997) (Pubitemid 27337076)
51. L. Bobrovskaya, A. Odell, R. B. Leal and P. R. Dunkley: Tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: the role of MAPKs after angiotensin II stimulation. J Neurochem, 78(3), 490-8 (2001) (Pubitemid 32729976)
52. N. Kobori, J. C. Waymire, J. W. Haycock, G. L. Clifton and P. K. Dash: Enhancement of tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation and activity by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. J Biol Chem, 279(3), 2182-91 (2004) (Pubitemid 38084492)
53. R. B. Leal, A. T. Sim, C. A. Goncalves and P. R. Dunkley: Tyrosine hydroxylase dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2A in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Neurochem Res, 27(3), 207-13 (2002) (Pubitemid 34275680)
54. J. Haavik, D. L. Schelling, D. G. Campbell, K. K. Andersson, T. Flatmark and P. Cohen: Identification of protein phosphatase 2A as the major tyrosine hydroxylase phosphatase in adrenal medulla and corpus striatum: evidence from the effects of okadaic acid. FEBS Lett, 251(1-2), 36-42 (1989) (Pubitemid 19181848)
55. U. Berresheim and D. M. Kuhn: Dephosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase by brain protein phosphatases: a predominant role for type 2A. Brain Res, 637(1-2), 273-6 (1994) (Pubitemid 24061059)
56. L. R. Bevilaqua, M. Cammarota, P. W. Dickson, A. T. Sim and P. R. Dunkley: Role of protein phosphatase 2C from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells in the dephosphorylation of phospho-serine 40 tyrosine hydroxylase. J Neurochem, 85(6), 1368-73 (2003) (Pubitemid 36702549)
57. A. Saraf, D. M. Virshup and S. Strack: Differential expression of the B'beta regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A modulates tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation and catecholamine synthesis. J Biol Chem, 282(1), 573-80 (2007) (Pubitemid 47076614)
58. R. T. Kuczenski and A. J. Mandell: Allosteric activation of hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase by ions and sulphated mucopolysaccharides. J Neurochem, 19(1), 131-7 (1972)
59. T. Lloyd: The effects of phosphatidylinositol on tyrosine hydroxylase. Stimulation and inactivation. J Biol Chem, 254(15), 7247-54 (1979) (Pubitemid 9243575)
60. I. R. Katz, T. Yamauchi and S. Kaufman: Activation of tyrosine hydroxylase by polyanions and salts. An electrostatic effect. Biochim Biophys Acta, 429(1), 84-95 (1976)
61. V. Obsilova, J. Silhan, E. Boura, J. Teisinger and T. Obsil: 14-3-3 proteins: a family of versatile molecular regulators. Physiol Res, 57 Suppl 3, S11-21 (2008)
62. T. Ichimura, T. Isobe, T. Okuyama, T. Yamauchi and H. Fujisawa: Brain 14-3-3 protein is an activator protein that activates tryptophan 5-monooxygenase and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase in the presence of Ca2+, calmodulindependent protein kinase II. FEBS Lett, 219(1), 79-82 (1987)
63. T. Yamauchi and H. Fujisawa: Tyrosine 3-monoxygenase is phosphorylated by Ca2+-, calmodulindependent protein kinase, followed by activation by activator protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 100(2), 807-13 (1981)
64. C. Itagaki, T. Isobe, M. Taoka, T. Natsume, N. Nomura, T. Horigome, S. Omata, H. Ichinose, T. Nagatsu, L. A. Greene and T. Ichimura: Stimulus-coupled interaction of tyrosine hydroxylase with 14-3-3 proteins. Biochemistry, 38(47), 15673-80 (1999) (Pubitemid 129503612)
65. R. G. Perez, J. C. Waymire, E. Lin, J. J. Liu, F. Guo and M. J. Zigmond: A role for alpha-synuclein in the regulation of dopamine biosynthesis. J Neurosci, 22(8), 3090-9 (2002) (Pubitemid 35379198)
66. X. Peng, R. Tehranian, P. Dietrich, L. Stefanis and R. G. Perez: Alpha-synuclein activation of protein phosphatase 2A reduces tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in dopaminergic cells. J Cell Sci, 118(Pt 15), 3523-30 (2005) (Pubitemid 41246105)
67. L. L. Venda, S. J. Cragg, V. L. Buchman and R. Wade-Martins: alpha-Synuclein and dopamine at the crossroads of Parkinson's disease. Trends Neurosci, 33(12), 559-68 (2010)
68. D. Sulzer: Multiple hit hypotheses for dopamine neuron loss in Parkinson's disease. Trends Neurosci, 30(5), 244-50 (2007) (Pubitemid 46667168)
69. E. V. Mosharov, K. E. Larsen, E. Kanter, K. A. Phillips, K. Wilson, Y. Schmitz, D. E. Krantz, K. Kobayashi, R. H. Edwards and D. Sulzer: Interplay between cytosolic dopamine, calcium, and alpha-synuclein causes selective death of substantia nigra neurons. Neuron, 62(2), 218-29 (2009)
70. H. Lou, S. E. Montoya, T. N. Alerte, J. Wang, J. Wu, X. Peng, C. S. Hong, E. E. Friedrich, S. A. Mader, C. J. Pedersen, B. S. Marcus, A. L. McCormack, D. A. Di Monte, S. C. Daubner and R. G. Perez: Serine 129 phosphorylation reduces the ability of alpha-synuclein to regulate tyrosine hydroxylase and protein phosphatase 2A in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem, 285(23), 17648-61 (2010)
71. B. Wu, Q. Liu, C. Duan, Y. Li, S. Yu, P. Chan, K. Ueda and H. Yang: Phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein upregulates tyrosine hydroxylase activity in MN9D cells. Acta Histochem, 113(1), 32-5 (2011)
72. D. Liu, L. Jin, H. Wang, H. Zhao, C. Zhao, C. Duan, L. Lu, B. Wu, S. Yu, P. Chan, Y. Li and H. Yang: Silencing alpha-synuclein gene expression enhances tyrosine hydroxylase activity in MN9D cells. Neurochem Res, 33(7), 1401-9 (2008)
73. M. J. Baptista, C. O'Farrell, S. Daya, R. Ahmad, D. W. Miller, J. Hardy, M. J. Farrer and M. R. Cookson: Coordinate transcriptional regulation of dopamine synthesis genes by alpha-synuclein in human neuroblastoma cell lines. J Neurochem, 85(4), 957-68 (2003) (Pubitemid 36578627)
74. S. Yu, X. Zuo, Y. Li, C. Zhang, M. Zhou, Y. A. Zhang, K. Ueda and P. Chan: Inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in alpha-synuclein- transfected dopaminergic neuronal cells. Neurosci Lett, 367(1), 34-9 (2004) (Pubitemid 39078779)
75. N. Gao, Y. H. Li, X. Li, S. Yu, G. L. Fu and B. Chen: Effect of alpha-synuclein on the promoter activity of tyrosine hydroxylase gene. Neurosci Bull, 23(1), 53-7 (2007) (Pubitemid 46392298)
76. Y. Chu and J. H. Kordower: Age-associated increases of alpha-synuclein in monkeys and humans are associated with nigrostriatal dopamine depletion: Is this the target for Parkinson's disease? Neurobiol Dis, 25(1), 134-49 (2007) (Pubitemid 44765223)
77. F. Mori, M. Nishie, A. Kakita, M. Yoshimoto, H. Takahashi and K. Wakabayashi: Relationship among alphasynuclein accumulation, dopamine synthesis, and neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease substantia nigra. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 65(8), 808-15 (2006) (Pubitemid 44200321)
78. K. E. Larsen, Y. Schmitz, M. D. Troyer, E. Mosharov, P. Dietrich, A. Z. Quazi, M. Savalle, V. Nemani, F. A. Chaudhry, R. H. Edwards, L. Stefanis and D. Sulzer: Alpha-synuclein overexpression in PC12 and chromaffin cells impairs catecholamine release by interfering with a late step in exocytosis. J Neurosci, 26(46), 11915-22 (2006) (Pubitemid 44772102)
79. V. M. Nemani, W. Lu, V. Berge, K. Nakamura, B. Onoa, M. K. Lee, F. A. Chaudhry, R. A. Nicoll and R. H. Edwards: Increased expression of alpha-synuclein reduces neurotransmitter release by inhibiting synaptic vesicle reclustering after endocytosis. Neuron, 65(1), 66-79 (2010)
80. L. Yavich, H. Tanila, S. Vepsalainen and P. Jakala: Role of alpha-synuclein in presynaptic dopamine recruitment. J Neurosci, 24(49), 11165-70 (2004) (Pubitemid 40012976)
81. S. Ishikawa, T. Taira, T. Niki, K. Takahashi-Niki, C. Maita, H. Maita, H. Ariga and S. M. Iguchi-Ariga: Oxidative status of DJ-1-dependent activation of dopamine synthesis through interaction of tyrosine hydroxylase and 4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) decarboxylase with DJ-1. J Biol Chem, 284(42), 28832-44 (2009)
82. E. A. Cartier, L. A. Parra, T. B. Baust, M. Quiroz, G. Salazar, V. Faundez, L. Egana and G. E. Torres: A biochemical and functional protein complex involving dopamine synthesis and transport into synaptic vesicles. J Biol Chem, 285(3), 1957-66 (2010)
83. K. M. Bowling, Z. Huang, D. Xu, F. Ferdousy, C. D. Funderburk, N. Karnik, W. Neckameyer and J. M. O'Donnell: Direct binding of GTP cyclohydrolase and tyrosine hydroxylase: regulatory interactions between key enzymes in dopamine biosynthesis. J Biol Chem, 283(46), 31449-59 (2008)
84. Y. X. Yang, N. W. Wood and D. S. Latchman: Molecular basis of Parkinson's disease. Neuroreport, 20(2), 150-6 (2009)
85. Y. Schmitz, M. Benoit-Marand, F. Gonon and D. Sulzer: Presynaptic regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission. J Neurochem, 87(2), 273-89 (2003) (Pubitemid 37255235)
86. W. Kehr, A. Carlsson, M. Lindqvist, T. Magnusson and C. Atack: Evidence for a receptor-mediated feedback control of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity. J Pharm Pharmacol, 24(9), 744-7 (1972)
87. B. Zivkovic and A. Guidotti: Changes of kinetic constant of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase elicited by neuroleptics that impair the function of dopamine receptors. Brain Res, 79(3), 505-9 (1974)
88. P. Lerner, P. Nose, E. K. Gordon and W. Lovenberg: Haloperidol: effect of long-term treatment on rat striatal dopamine synthesis and turnover. Science, 197(4299), 181-3 (1977) (Pubitemid 8140044)
89. G. Kapatos and M. J. Zigmond: Effect of haloperidol on dopamine synthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase in striatal synaptosomes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 208(3), 468-75 (1979) (Pubitemid 9199955)
90. D. R. Haubrich and A. B. Pflueger: The autoreceptor control of dopamine synthesis. An in vitro and in vivo comparison of dopamine agonists. Mol Pharmacol, 21(1), 114-20 (1982) (Pubitemid 12177585)
91. B. Zivkovic, A. Guidotti, A. Revuelta and E. Costa: Effect of thioridazine, clozapine and other antipsychotics on the kinetic state of tyrosine hydroxylase and on the turnover rate of dopamine in striatum and nucleus accumbens. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 194(1), 37-46 (1975)
92. M. E. Wolf, M. P. Galloway and R. H. Roth: Regulation of dopamine synthesis in the medial prefrontal cortex: studies in brain slices. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 236(3), 699-707 (1986) (Pubitemid 16080068)
93. S. el Mestikawy and M. Hamon: Is dopamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase involved in the autoreceptor-mediated negative control of tyrosine hydroxylase in striatal dopaminergic terminals? J Neurochem, 47(5), 1425-33 (1986) (Pubitemid 17174656)
94. C. M. O'Hara, A. Uhland-Smith, K. L. O'Malley and R. D. Todd: Inhibition of dopamine synthesis by dopamine D2 and D3 but not D4 receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 277(1), 186-92 (1996) (Pubitemid 27169059)
95. K. A. Strait and R. Kuczenski: Dopamine autoreceptor regulation of the kinetic state of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase. Mol Pharmacol, 29(6), 561-9 (1986) (Pubitemid 16064850)
96. P. Onali and M. C. Olianas: Involvement of adenylate cyclase inhibition in dopamine autoreceptor regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase in rat nucleus accumbens. Neurosci Lett, 102(1), 91-6 (1989) (Pubitemid 19163159)
97. N. Lindgren, Z. Q. Xu, M. Herrera-Marschitz, J. Haycock, T. Hokfelt and G. Fisone: Dopamine D(2) receptors regulate tyrosine hydroxylase activity and phosphorylation at Ser40 in rat striatum. Eur J Neurosci, 13(4), 773-80 (2001) (Pubitemid 32174802)
98. J. C. Stoof and J. W. Kebabian: Opposing roles for D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptors in efflux of cyclic AMP from rat neostriatum. Nature, 294(5839), 366-8 (1981) (Pubitemid 12202858)
99. C. Missale, S. R. Nash, S. W. Robinson, M. Jaber and M. G. Caron: Dopamine receptors: from structure to function. Physiol Rev, 78(1), 189-225 (1998) (Pubitemid 28070979)
100. E. N. Pothos, S. Przedborski, V. Davila, Y. Schmitz and D. Sulzer: D2-Like dopamine autoreceptor activation reduces quantal size in PC12 cells. J Neurosci, 18(15), 5575-85 (1998) (Pubitemid 28341338)
101. R. H. Edwards: The neurotransmitter cycle and quantal size. Neuron, 55(6), 835-58 (2007) (Pubitemid 47391194)
102. R. G. Johnson, Jr.: Accumulation of biological amines into chromaffin granules: a model for hormone and neurotransmitter transport. Physiol Rev, 68(1), 232-307 (1988) (Pubitemid 18035237)
103. M. Mani and T. A. Ryan: Live imaging of synaptic vesicle release and retrieval in dopaminergic neurons. Front Neural Circuits, 3, 3 (2009)
104. J. J. Matsuda, M. S. Filali, K. A. Volk, M. M. Collins, J. G. Moreland and F. S. Lamb: Overexpression of CLC-3 in HEK293T cells yields novel currents that are pH dependent. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 294(1), C251-62 (2008)
105. A. Picollo and M. Pusch: Chloride/proton antiporter activity of mammalian CLC proteins ClC-4 and ClC-5. Nature, 436(7049), 420-3 (2005) (Pubitemid 41059054)
106. O. Scheel, A. A. Zdebik, S. Lourdel and T. J. Jentsch: Voltage-dependent electrogenic chloride/proton exchange by endosomal CLC proteins. Nature, 436(7049), 424-7 (2005) (Pubitemid 41059055)
107. T. S. Hnasko, N. Chuhma, H. Zhang, G. Y. Goh, D. Sulzer, R. D. Palmiter, S. Rayport and R. H. Edwards: Vesicular glutamate transport promotes dopamine storage and glutamate corelease in vivo. Neuron, 65(5), 643-56 (2010)
108. T. Yamaguchi, H. L. Wang, X. Li, T. H. Ng and M. Morales: Mesocorticolimbic glutamatergic pathway. J Neurosci, 31(23), 8476-90 (2011)
109. M. Camacho, J. D. Machado, M. S. Montesinos, M. Criado and R. Borges: Intragranular pH rapidly modulates exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells. J Neurochem, 96(2), 324-34 (2006)
110. T. Maritzen, D. J. Keating, I. Neagoe, A. A. Zdebik and T. J. Jentsch: Role of the vesicular chloride transporter ClC-3 in neuroendocrine tissue. J Neurosci, 28(42), 10587-98 (2008)
111. C. Pifl, H. Drobny, H. Reither, O. Hornykiewicz and E. A. Singer: Mechanism of the dopamine-releasing actions of amphetamine and cocaine: plasmalemmal dopamine transporter versus vesicular monoamine transporter. Mol Pharmacol, 47(2), 368-73 (1995)
112. D. Peter, J. Jimenez, Y. Liu, J. Kim and R. H. Edwards: The chromaffin granule and synaptic vesicle amine transporters differ in substrate recognition and sensitivity to inhibitors. J Biol Chem, 269(10), 7231-7 (1994) (Pubitemid 24217912)
113. S. G. Amara and M. J. Kuhar: Neurotransmitter transporters: recent progress. Annu Rev Neurosci, 16, 73-93 (1993) (Pubitemid 23074001)
114. D. Sulzer and S. Rayport: Amphetamine and other psychostimulants reduce pH gradients in midbrain dopaminergic neurons and chromaffin granules: a mechanism of action. Neuron, 5(6), 797-808 (1990)
115. D. Sulzer, N. T. Maidment and S. Rayport: Amphetamine and other weak bases act to promote reverse transport of dopamine in ventral midbrain neurons. J Neurochem, 60(2), 527-35 (1993) (Pubitemid 23030947)
116. D. Sulzer: How addictive drugs disrupt presynaptic dopamine neurotransmission. Neuron, 69(4), 628-49 (2011)
117. E. N. Pothos and D. Sulzer: Modulation of quantal dopamine release by psychostimulants. Adv Pharmacol, 42, 198-202 (1998)
118. Y. Schmitz, C. J. Lee, C. Schmauss, F. Gonon and D. Sulzer: Amphetamine distorts stimulation-dependent dopamine overflow: effects on D2 autoreceptors, transporters, and synaptic vesicle stores. J Neurosci, 21(16), 5916-24 (2001) (Pubitemid 32737724)
119. D. Markov, E. V. Mosharov, W. Setlik, M. D. Gershon and D. Sulzer: Secretory vesicle rebound hyperacidification and increased quantal size resulting from prolonged methamphetamine exposure. J Neurochem, 107(6), 1709-21 (2008)
120. J. P. Henry, D. Botton, C. Sagne, M. F. Isambert, C. Desnos, V. Blanchard, R. Raisman-Vozari, E. Krejci, J. Massoulie and B. Gasnier: Biochemistry and molecular biology of the vesicular monoamine transporter from chromaffin granules. J Exp Biol, 196, 251-62 (1994)
121. E. Weihe, M. K. Schafer, J. D. Erickson and L. E. Eiden: Localization of vesicular monoamine transporter isoforms (VMAT1 and VMAT2) to endocrine cells and neurons in rat. J Mol Neurosci, 5(3), 149-64 (1994)
122. J. D. Erickson, M. K. Schafer, T. I. Bonner, L. E. Eiden and E. Weihe: Distinct pharmacological properties and distribution in neurons and endocrine cells of two isoforms of the human vesicular monoamine transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93(10), 5166-71 (1996) (Pubitemid 26162890)
123. D. Peter, Y. Liu, C. Sternini, R. de Giorgio, N. Brecha and R. H. Edwards: Differential expression of two vesicular monoamine transporters. J Neurosci, 15(9), 6179-88 (1995)
124. E. Floor, P. S. Leventhal, Y. Wang, L. Meng and W. Chen: Dynamic storage of dopamine in rat brain synaptic vesicles in vitro. J Neurochem, 64(2), 689-99 (1995)
125. R. Maron, Y. Stern, B. I. Kanner and S. Schuldiner: Functional asymmetry of the amine transporter from chromaffin granules. J Biol Chem, 258(19), 11476-81 (1983) (Pubitemid 13019293)
126. D. Scherman and G. Boschi: Time required for transmitter accumulation inside monoaminergic storage vesicles differs in peripheral and in central systems. Neuroscience, 27(3), 1029-35 (1988) (Pubitemid 19025411)
127. M. L. Mundorf, K. P. Troyer, S. E. Hochstetler, J. A. Near and R. M. Wightman: Vesicular Ca(2+) participates in the catalysis of exocytosis. J Biol Chem, 275(13), 9136-42 (2000) (Pubitemid 30185128)
128. L. W. Gong, I. Hafez, G. Alvarez de Toledo and M. Lindau: Secretory vesicles membrane area is regulated in tandem with quantal size in chromaffin cells. J Neurosci, 23(21), 7917-21 (2003) (Pubitemid 37052360)
129. K. D. Kozminski, D. A. Gutman, V. Davila, D. Sulzer and A. G. Ewing: Voltammetric and pharmacological characterization of dopamine release from single exocytotic events at rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Anal Chem, 70(15), 3123-30 (1998)
130. T. L. Colliver, S. J. Pyott, M. Achalabun and A. G. Ewing: VMAT-Mediated changes in quantal size and vesicular volume. J Neurosci, 20(14), 5276-82 (2000) (Pubitemid 30457724)
131. Y. M. Wang, R. R. Gainetdinov, F. Fumagalli, F. Xu, S. R. Jones, C. B. Bock, G. W. Miller, R. M. Wightman and M. G. Caron: Knockout of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 gene results in neonatal death and supersensitivity to cocaine and amphetamine. Neuron, 19(6), 1285-96 (1997) (Pubitemid 28030547)
132. N. Takahashi, L. L. Miner, I. Sora, H. Ujike, R. S. Revay, V. Kostic, V. Jackson-Lewis, S. Przedborski and G. R. Uhl: VMAT2 knockout mice: heterozygotes display reduced amphetamine-conditioned reward, enhanced amphetamine locomotion, and enhanced MPTP toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94(18), 9938-43 (1997)
133. K. A. Mooslehner, P. M. Chan, W. Xu, L. Liu, C. Smadja, T. Humby, N. D. Allen, L. S. Wilkinson and P. C. Emson: Mice with very low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 gene survive into adulthood: potential mouse model for parkinsonism. Mol Cell Biol, 21(16), 5321-31 (2001) (Pubitemid 32702438)
134. J. Patel, K. A. Mooslehner, P. M. Chan, P. C. Emson and J. A. Stamford: Presynaptic control of striatal dopamine neurotransmission in adult vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) mutant mice. J Neurochem, 85(4), 898-910 (2003) (Pubitemid 36578622)
135. W. M. Caudle, J. R. Richardson, M. Z. Wang, T. N. Taylor, T. S. Guillot, A. L. McCormack, R. E. Colebrooke, D. A. Di Monte, P. C. Emson and G. W. Miller: Reduced vesicular storage of dopamine causes progressive nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. J Neurosci, 27(30), 8138-48 (2007) (Pubitemid 47173329)
136. T. N. Taylor, W. M. Caudle and G. W. Miller: VMAT2-Deficient Mice Display Nigral and Extranigral Pathology and Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. Parkinsons Dis, 2011, 124165 (2011)
137. E. N. Pothos, K. E. Larsen, D. E. Krantz, Y. Liu, J. W. Haycock, W. Setlik, M. D. Gershon, R. H. Edwards and D. Sulzer: Synaptic vesicle transporter expression regulates vesicle phenotype and quantal size. J Neurosci, 20(19), 7297-306 (2000)
138. C. Desnos, M. P. Laran and D. Scherman: Regulation of the chromaffin granule catecholamine transporter in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells: stimulusbiosynthesis coupling. J Neurochem, 59(6), 2105-12 (1992)
139. E. Krejci, B. Gasnier, D. Botton, M. F. Isambert, C. Sagne, J. Gagnon, J. Massoulie and J. P. Henry: Expression and regulation of the bovine vesicular monoamine transporter gene. FEBS Lett, 335(1), 27-32 (1993) (Pubitemid 23347729)
140. F. Watson, R. S. Kiernan, D. G. Deavall, A. Varro and R. Dimaline: Transcriptional activation of the rat vesicular monoamine transporter 2 promoter in gastric epithelial cells: regulation by gastrin. J Biol Chem, 276(10), 7661-71 (2001)
141. G. Ahnert-Hilger, B. Nurnberg, T. Exner, T. Schafer and R. Jahn: The heterotrimeric G protein Go2 regulates catecholamine uptake by secretory vesicles. EMBO J, 17(2), 406-13 (1998) (Pubitemid 28045481)
142. M. Holtje, B. von Jagow, I. Pahner, M. Lautenschlager, H. Hortnagl, B. Nurnberg, R. Jahn and G. Ahnert-Hilger: The neuronal monoamine transporter VMAT2 is regulated by the trimeric GTPase Go(2). J Neurosci, 20(6), 2131-41 (2000) (Pubitemid 30230065)
143. M. Holtje, S. Winter, D. Walther, I. Pahner, H. Hortnagl, O. P. Ottersen, M. Bader and G. Ahnert-Hilger: The vesicular monoamine content regulates VMAT2 activity through Galphaq in mouse platelets. Evidence for autoregulation of vesicular transmitter uptake. J Biol Chem, 278(18), 15850-8 (2003) (Pubitemid 36799700)
144. I. Brunk, C. Blex, S. Rachakonda, M. Holtje, S. Winter, I. Pahner, D. J. Walther and G. Ahnert-Hilger: The first luminal domain of vesicular monoamine transporters mediates G-protein-dependent regulation of transmitter uptake. J Biol Chem, 281(44), 33373-85 (2006) (Pubitemid 46036719)
145. I. Brunk, C. Blex, D. Speidel, N. Brose and G. Ahnert-Hilger: Ca2+-dependent activator proteins of secretion promote vesicular monoamine uptake. J Biol Chem, 284(2), 1050-6 (2009)
146. Y. Liu, C. Schirra, D. R. Stevens, U. Matti, D. Speidel, D. Hof, D. Bruns, N. Brose and J. Rettig: CAPS facilitates filling of the rapidly releasable pool of large dense-core vesicles. J Neurosci, 28(21), 5594-601 (2008)
147. D. Speidel, C. E. Bruederle, C. Enk, T. Voets, F. Varoqueaux, K. Reim, U.
148. A. Elhamdani, T. F. Martin, J. A. Kowalchyk and C. R. Artalejo: Ca(2+)-dependent activator protein for secretion is critical for the fusion of dense-core vesicles with the membrane in calf adrenal chromaffin cells. J Neurosci, 19(17), 7375-83 (1999) (Pubitemid 29404594)
149. H. Fei, A. Grygoruk, E. S. Brooks, A. Chen and D. E. Krantz: Trafficking of vesicular neurotransmitter transporters. Traffic, 9(9), 1425-36 (2008)
150. C. L. Waites, A. Mehta, P. K. Tan, G. Thomas, R. H. Edwards and D. E. Krantz: An acidic motif retains vesicular monoamine transporter 2 on large dense core vesicles. J Cell Biol, 152(6), 1159-68 (2001) (Pubitemid 34280174)
151. D. E. Krantz, D. Peter, Y. Liu and R. H. Edwards: Phosphorylation of a vesicular monoamine transporter by casein kinase II. J Biol Chem, 272(10), 6752-9 (1997) (Pubitemid 27118163)
152. J. Yao, J. D. Erickson and L. B. Hersh: Protein kinase A affects trafficking of the vesicular monoamine transporters in PC12 cells. Traffic, 5(12), 1006-16 (2004) (Pubitemid 39534491)
153. A. E. Fleckenstein, T. J. Volz and G. R. Hanson: Psychostimulant-induced alterations in vesicular monoamine transporter-2 function: neurotoxic and therapeutic implications. Neuropharmacology, 56 Suppl 1, 133-8 (2009)
154. V. Sandoval, E. L. Riddle, G. R. Hanson and A. E. Fleckenstein: Methylphenidate redistributes vesicular monoamine transporter-2: role of dopamine receptors. J Neurosci, 22(19), 8705-10 (2002) (Pubitemid 35387611)
155. J. M. Brown, G. R. Hanson and A. E. Fleckenstein: Cocaine-induced increases in vesicular dopamine uptake: role of dopamine receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 298(3), 1150-3 (2001) (Pubitemid 32761932)
156. J. G. Truong, G. R. Hanson and A. E. Fleckenstein: Apomorphine increases vesicular monoamine transporter-2 function: implications for neurodegeneration. Eur J Pharmacol, 492(2-3), 143-7 (2004) (Pubitemid 38721365)
157. J. G. Truong, A. H. Newman, G. R. Hanson and A. E. Fleckenstein: Dopamine D2 receptor activation increases vesicular dopamine uptake and redistributes vesicular monoamine transporter-2 protein. Eur J Pharmacol, 504(1-2), 27-32 (2004) (Pubitemid 39410719)
158. J. M. Brown, E. L. Riddle, V. Sandoval, R. K. Weston, J. E. Hanson, M. J. Crosby, Y. V. Ugarte, J. W. Gibb, G. R. Hanson and A. E. Fleckenstein: A single methamphetamine administration rapidly decreases vesicular dopamine uptake. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 302(2), 497-501 (2002) (Pubitemid 34787211)
159. K. B. Helle, R. K. Reed, K. E. Pihl and G. Serck-Hanssen: Osmotic properties of the chromogranins and relation to osmotic pressure in catecholamine storage granules. Acta Physiol Scand, 123(1), 21-33 (1985) (Pubitemid 15155501)
160. L. Taupenot, K. L. Harper and D. T. O'Connor: The chromogranin- secretogranin family. N Engl J Med, 348(12), 1134-49 (2003) (Pubitemid 36337325)
161. M. Montero-Hadjadje, S. Vaingankar, S. Elias, H. Tostivint, S. K. Mahata and Y. Anouar: Chromogranins A and B and secretogranin II: evolutionary and functional aspects. Acta Physiol (Oxf), 192(2), 309-24 (2008) (Pubitemid 351187645)
162. R. H. Westerink: Targeting exocytosis: ins and outs of the modulation of quantal dopamine release. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets, 5(1), 57-77 (2006) (Pubitemid 43796628)
163. J. D. Machado, J. Diaz-Vera, N. Dominguez, C. M. Alvarez, M. R. Pardo and R. Borges: Chromogranins A and B as regulators of vesicle cargo and exocytosis. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 30(8), 1181-7 (2010)
164. W. Van der Kloot: Loading and recycling of synaptic vesicles in the Torpedo electric organ and the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. Prog Neurobiol, 71(4), 269-303 (2003)
165. J. Vautrin: SV2 frustrating exocytosis at the semidiffusor synapse. Synapse, 63(4), 319-38 (2009)
166. M. S. Montesinos, J. D. Machado, M. Camacho, J. Diaz, Y. G. Morales, D. Alvarez de la Rosa, E. Carmona, A. Castaneyra, O. H. Viveros, D. T. O'Connor, S. K. Mahata and R. Borges: The crucial role of chromogranins in storage and exocytosis revealed using chromaffin cells from chromogranin A null mouse. J Neurosci, 28(13), 3350-8 (2008) (Pubitemid 351469310)
167. J. Diaz-Vera, Y. G. Morales, J. R. Hernandez-Fernaud, M. Camacho, M. S. Montesinos, F. Calegari, W. B. Huttner, R. Borges and J. D. Machado: Chromogranin B gene ablation reduces the catecholamine cargo and decelerates exocytosis in chromaffin secretory vesicles. J Neurosci, 30(3), 950-7 (2010)
168. J. Diaz-Vera, M. Camacho, J. D. Machado, N. Dominguez, M. S. Montesinos, J. R. Hernandez-Fernaud, R. Lujan and R. Borges: Chromogranins A and B are key proteins in amine accumulation, but the catecholamine secretory pathway is conserved without them. FASEB J (2011)
169. P. E. Marszalek, B. Farrell, P. Verdugo and J. M. Fernandez: Kinetics of release of serotonin from isolated secretory granules. II. Ion exchange determines the diffusivity of serotonin. Biophys J, 73(3), 1169-83 (1997) (Pubitemid 27360706)
170. R. Borges, E. R. Travis, S. E. Hochstetler and R. M. Wightman: Effects of external osmotic pressure on vesicular secretion from bovine adrenal medullary cells. J Biol Chem, 272(13), 8325-31 (1997) (Pubitemid 27147790)
171. J. A. Jankowski, J. M. Finnegan and R. M. Wightman: Extracellular ionic composition alters kinetics of vesicular release of catecholamines and quantal size during exocytosis at adrenal medullary cells. J Neurochem, 63(5), 1739-47 (1994) (Pubitemid 24326216)
172. K. Pihel, E. R. Travis, R. Borges and R. M. Wightman: Exocytotic release from individual granules exhibits similar properties at mast and chromaffin cells. Biophys J, 71(3), 1633-40 (1996) (Pubitemid 26299802)
173. R. G. Staal, A. Hananiya and D. Sulzer: PKC theta activity maintains normal quantal size in chromaffin cells. J Neurochem, 105(5), 1635-41 (2008) (Pubitemid 351678492)
174. J. D. Machado, A. Morales, J. F. Gomez and R. Borges: cAmp modulates exocytotic kinetics and increases quantal size in chromaffin cells. Mol Pharmacol, 60(3), 514-20 (2001) (Pubitemid 32781558)
175. M. E. Rice and S. J. Cragg: Dopamine spillover after quantal release: rethinking dopamine transmission in the nigrostriatal pathway. Brain Res Rev, 58(2), 303-13 (2008)
176. S. R. Jones, R. R. Gainetdinov, M. Jaber, B. Giros, R. M. Wightman and M. G. Caron: Profound neuronal plasticity in response to inactivation of the dopamine transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95(7), 4029-34 (1998) (Pubitemid 28173248)
177. M. Benoit-Marand, M. Jaber and F. Gonon: Release and elimination of dopamine in vivo in mice lacking the dopamine transporter: functional consequences. Eur J Neurosci, 12(8), 2985-92 (2000)
178. M. Jaber, B. Dumartin, C. Sagne, J. W. Haycock, C. Roubert, B. Giros, B. Bloch and M. G. Caron: Differential regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase in the basal ganglia of mice lacking the dopamine transporter. Eur J Neurosci, 11(10), 3499-511 (1999) (Pubitemid 29484247)
179. H. L. Kimmel, A. R. Joyce, F. I. Carroll and M. J. Kuhar: Dopamine D1 and D2 receptors influence dopamine transporter synthesis and degradation in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 298(1), 129-40 (2001) (Pubitemid 32574519)
180. H. L. Kimmel, F. I. Carroll and M. J. Kuhar: Withdrawal from repeated cocaine alters dopamine transporter protein turnover in the rat striatum. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 304(1), 15-21 (2003) (Pubitemid 36008907)
181. W. Lu and M. E. Wolf: Expression of dopamine transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 mRNAs in rat midbrain after repeated amphetamine administration. Brain Res Mol Brain Res, 49(1-2), 137-48 (1997) (Pubitemid 27453124)
182. P. D. Shilling, J. R. Kelsoe and D. S. Segal: Dopamine transporter mRNA is up-regulated in the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area of amphetamine-sensitized rats. Neurosci Lett, 236(3), 131-4 (1997) (Pubitemid 27505271)
183. H. L. Kimmel, F. I. Carroll and M. J. Kuhar: Dopamine transporter synthesis and degradation rate in rat striatum and nucleus accumbens using RTI-76. Neuropharmacology, 39(4), 578-85 (2000) (Pubitemid 30089308)
184. J. M. Gulley and N. R. Zahniser: Rapid regulation of dopamine transporter function by substrates, blockers and presynaptic receptor ligands. Eur J Pharmacol, 479(1-3), 139-52 (2003) (Pubitemid 37377883)
185. K. C. Schmitt and M. E. Reith: Regulation of the dopamine transporter: aspects relevant to psychostimulant drugs of abuse. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1187, 316-40 (2010)
186. M. A. Cervinski, J. D. Foster and R. A. Vaughan: Psychoactive substrates stimulate dopamine transporter phosphorylation and down-regulation by cocaine-sensitive and protein kinase C-dependent mechanisms. J Biol Chem, 280(49), 40442-9 (2005) (Pubitemid 41780531)
187. J. M. Kokoshka, R. A. Vaughan, G. R. Hanson and A. E. Fleckenstein: Nature of methamphetamine-induced rapid and reversible changes in dopamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol, 361(2-3), 269-75 (1998) (Pubitemid 29000982)
188. C. Saunders, J. V. Ferrer, L. Shi, J. Chen, G. Merrill, M. E. Lamb, L. M. Leeb-Lundberg, L. Carvelli, J. A. Javitch and A. Galli: Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: an internalizationdependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97(12), 6850-5 (2000) (Pubitemid 30412803)
189. L. Chi and M. E. Reith: Substrate-induced trafficking of the dopamine transporter in heterologously expressing cells and in rat striatal synaptosomal preparations. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 307(2), 729-36 (2003) (Pubitemid 37310690)
190. T. Sorkina, S. Doolen, E. Galperin, N. R. Zahniser and A. Sorkin: Oligomerization of dopamine transporters visualized in living cells by fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy. J Biol Chem, 278(30), 28274-83 (2003) (Pubitemid 36900029)
191. J. M. Gulley, S. Doolen and N. R. Zahniser: Brief, repeated exposure to substrates down-regulates dopamine transporter function in Xenopus oocytes in vitro and rat dorsal striatum in vivo. J Neurochem, 83(2), 400-11 (2002) (Pubitemid 35191405)
192. K. M. Kahlig, J. A. Javitch and A. Galli: Amphetamine regulation of dopamine transport. Combined measurements of transporter currents and transporter imaging support the endocytosis of an active carrier. J Biol Chem, 279(10), 8966-75 (2004) (Pubitemid 38295958)
193. L. A. Johnson, C. A. Furman, M. Zhang, B. Guptaroy and M. E. Gnegy: Rapid delivery of the dopamine transporter to the plasmalemmal membrane upon amphetamine stimulation. Neuropharmacology, 49(6), 750-8 (2005) (Pubitemid 41483881)
194. C. A. Furman, R. Chen, B. Guptaroy, M. Zhang, R. W. Holz and M. Gnegy: Dopamine and amphetamine rapidly increase dopamine transporter trafficking to the surface: live-cell imaging using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. J Neurosci, 29(10), 3328-36 (2009)
195. T. L. Richards and N. R. Zahniser: Rapid substrateinduced down-regulation in function and surface localization of dopamine transporters: rat dorsal striatum versus nucleus accumbens. J Neurochem, 108(6), 1575-84 (2009)
196. L. C. Daws, P. D. Callaghan, J. A. Moron, K. M. Kahlig, T. S. Shippenberg, J. A. Javitch and A. Galli: Cocaine increases dopamine uptake and cell surface expression of dopamine transporters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 290(5), 1545-50 (2002) (Pubitemid 34687434)
197. K. Y. Little, L. W. Elmer, H. Zhong, J. O. Scheys and L. Zhang: Cocaine induction of dopamine transporter trafficking to the plasma membrane. Mol Pharmacol, 61(2), 436-45 (2002) (Pubitemid 34112819)
198. B. K. Gorentla and R. A. Vaughan: Differential effects of dopamine and psychoactive drugs on dopamine transporter phosphorylation and regulation. Neuropharmacology, 49(6), 759-68 (2005) (Pubitemid 41483882)
199. J. D. Foster, M. A. Cervinski, B. K. Gorentla and R. A. Vaughan: Regulation of the dopamine transporter by phosphorylation. Handb Exp Pharmacol(175), 197-214 (2006)
200. S. J. Zhu, M. P. Kavanaugh, M. S. Sonders, S. G. Amara and N. R. Zahniser: Activation of protein kinase C inhibits uptake, currents and binding associated with the human dopamine transporter expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 282(3), 1358-65 (1997) (Pubitemid 27408316)
201. H. E. Melikian and K. M. Buckley: Membrane trafficking regulates the activity of the human dopamine transporter. J Neurosci, 19(18), 7699-710 (1999) (Pubitemid 30225770)
202. G. M. Daniels and S. G. Amara: Regulated trafficking of the human dopamine transporter. Clathrinmediated internalization and lysosomal degradation in response to phorbol esters. J Biol Chem, 274(50), 35794-801 (1999) (Pubitemid 129512883)
203. M. Y. Chang, S. H. Lee, J. H. Kim, K. H. Lee, Y. S. Kim, H. Son and Y. S. Lee: Protein kinase C-mediated functional regulation of dopamine transporter is not achieved by direct phosphorylation of the dopamine transporter protein. J Neurochem, 77(3), 754-61 (2001) (Pubitemid 32471848)
204. C. Granas, J. Ferrer, C. J. Loland, J. A. Javitch and U. Gether: N-terminal truncation of the dopamine transporter abolishes phorbol ester-and substance P receptorstimulated phosphorylation without impairing transporter internalization. J Biol Chem, 278(7), 4990-5000 (2003) (Pubitemid 36801008)
205. S. M. Meiergerd, T. A. Patterson and J. O. Schenk: D2 receptors may modulate the function of the striatal transporter for dopamine: kinetic evidence from studies in vitro and in vivo. J Neurochem, 61(2), 764-7 (1993) (Pubitemid 23215826)
206. W. A. Cass and G. A. Gerhardt: Direct in vivo evidence that D2 dopamine receptors can modulate dopamine uptake. Neurosci Lett, 176(2), 259-63 (1994) (Pubitemid 24241870)
207. R. D. Mayfield and N. R. Zahniser: Dopamine D2 receptor regulation of the dopamine transporter expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes is voltage-independent. Mol Pharmacol, 59(1), 113-21 (2001) (Pubitemid 32043092)
208. Q. Wu, M. E. Reith, Q. D. Walker, C. M. Kuhn, F. I. Carroll and P. A. Garris: Concurrent autoreceptor-mediated control of dopamine release and uptake during neurotransmission: an in vivo voltammetric study. J Neurosci, 22(14), 6272-81 (2002) (Pubitemid 35387668)
209. W. J. Wieczorek and Z. L. Kruk: A quantitative comparison on the effects of benztropine, cocaine and nomifensine on electrically evoked dopamine overflow and rate of re-uptake in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens in the rat brain slice. Brain Res, 657(1-2), 42-50 (1994)
210. M. Batchelor and J. O. Schenk: Protein kinase A activity may kinetically upregulate the striatal transporter for dopamine. J Neurosci, 18(24), 10304-9 (1998) (Pubitemid 29016550)
211. D. S. Rothblat and J. S. Schneider: Regionally specific effects of haloperidol and clozapine on dopamine reuptake in the striatum. Neurosci Lett, 228(2), 119-22 (1997) (Pubitemid 27314351)
212. E. A. Bolan, B. Kivell, V. Jaligam, M. Oz, L. D. Jayanthi, Y. Han, N. Sen, E. Urizar, I. Gomes, L. A. Devi, S. Ramamoorthy, J. A. Javitch, A. Zapata and T. S. Shippenberg: D2 receptors regulate dopamine transporter function via an extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2-dependent and phosphoinositide 3 kinase-independent mechanism. Mol Pharmacol, 71(5), 1222-32 (2007) (Pubitemid 46661542)
213. J. A. Moron, I. Zakharova, J. V. Ferrer, G. A. Merrill, B. Hope, E. M. Lafer, Z. C. Lin, J. B. Wang, J. A. Javitch, A. Galli and T. S. Shippenberg: Mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates dopamine transporter surface expression and dopamine transport capacity. J Neurosci, 23(24), 8480-8 (2003) (Pubitemid 37158747)
214. S. D. Dickinson, J. Sabeti, G. A. Larson, K. Giardina, M. Rubinstein, M. A. Kelly, D. K. Grandy, M. J. Low, G. A. Gerhardt and N. R. Zahniser: Dopamine D2 receptordeficient mice exhibit decreased dopamine transporter function but no changes in dopamine release in dorsal striatum. J Neurochem, 72(1), 148-56 (1999) (Pubitemid 29013888)
215. M. Benoit-Marand, E. Borrelli and F. Gonon: Inhibition of dopamine release via presynaptic D2 receptors: time course and functional characteristics in vivo. J Neurosci, 21(23), 9134-41 (2001) (Pubitemid 33096856)
216. C. L. Parish, D. I. Finkelstein, J. Drago, E. Borrelli and M. K. Horne: The role of dopamine receptors in regulating the size of axonal arbors. J Neurosci, 21(14), 5147-57 (2001) (Pubitemid 32622940)
217. N. C. Harata, A. M. Aravanis and R. W. Tsien: Kissand-run and full-collapse fusion as modes of exoendocytosis in neurosecretion. J Neurochem, 97(6), 1546-70 (2006) (Pubitemid 43873652)
218. J. E. Heuser and T. S. Reese: Evidence for recycling of synaptic vesicle membrane during transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction. J Cell Biol, 57(2), 315-44 (1973)
219. R. Fesce, F. Grohovaz, F. Valtorta and J. Meldolesi: Neurotransmitter release: fusion or 'kiss-and-run'? Trends Cell Biol, 4(1), 1-4 (1994) (Pubitemid 24038739)
220. B. Ceccarelli, W. P. Hurlbut and A. Mauro: Turnover of transmitter and synaptic vesicles at the frog neuromuscular junction. J Cell Biol, 57(2), 499-524 (1973)
221. J. Dittman and T. A. Ryan: Molecular circuitry of endocytosis at nerve terminals. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 25, 133-60 (2009)
222. S. O. Rizzoli and R. Jahn: Kiss-and-run, collapse and 'readily retrievable' vesicles. Traffic, 8(9), 1137-44 (2007) (Pubitemid 47244870)
223. S. M. Smith, R. Renden and H. von Gersdorff: Synaptic vesicle endocytosis: fast and slow modes of membrane retrieval. Trends Neurosci, 31(11), 559-68 (2008)
224. L. He and L. G. Wu: The debate on the kiss-and-run fusion at synapses. Trends Neurosci, 30(9), 447-55 (2007) (Pubitemid 47376946)
225. R. H. Chow, L. von Ruden and E. Neher: Delay in vesicle fusion revealed by electrochemical monitoring of single secretory events in adrenal chromaffin cells. Nature, 356(6364), 60-3 (1992)
226. G. Alvarez de Toledo, R. Fernandez-Chacon and J. M. Fernandez: Release of secretory products during transient vesicle fusion. Nature, 363(6429), 554-8 (1993) (Pubitemid 23186644)
227. A. Albillos, G. Dernick, H. Horstmann, W. Almers, G. Alvarez de Toledo and M. Lindau: The exocytotic event in chromaffin cells revealed by patch amperometry. Nature, 389(6650), 509-12 (1997) (Pubitemid 27435328)
228. R. M. Williams and W. W. Webb: Single granule pH cycling in antigen-induced mast cell secretion. J Cell Sci, 113 Pt 21, 3839-50 (2000)
229. J. W. Taraska, D. Perrais, M. Ohara-Imaizumi, S. Nagamatsu and W. Almers: Secretory granules are recaptured largely intact after stimulated exocytosis in cultured endocrine cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 100(4), 2070-5 (2003) (Pubitemid 36254575)
230. R. G. Staal, E. V. Mosharov and D. Sulzer: Dopamine neurons release transmitter via a flickering fusion pore. Nat Neurosci, 7(4), 341-6 (2004) (Pubitemid 38429173)
231. A. Elhamdani, F. Azizi and C. R. Artalejo: Double patch clamp reveals that transient fusion (kiss-and-run) is a major mechanism of secretion in calf adrenal chromaffin cells: high calcium shifts the mechanism from kiss-and-run to complete fusion. J Neurosci, 26(11), 3030-6 (2006)
232. T. Fulop, S. Radabaugh and C. Smith: Activitydependent differential transmitter release in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells. J Neurosci, 25(32), 7324-32 (2005) (Pubitemid 41129804)
233. E. Ales, L. Tabares, J. M. Poyato, V. Valero, M. Lindau and G. Alvarez de Toledo: High calcium concentrations shift the mode of exocytosis to the kiss-andrun mechanism. Nat Cell Biol, 1(1), 40-4 (1999) (Pubitemid 129495008)
234. B. W. Doreian, T. G. Fulop and C. B. Smith: Myosin II activation and actin reorganization regulate the mode of quantal exocytosis in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells. J Neurosci, 28(17), 4470-8 (2008)
235. A. Elhamdani, H. C. Palfrey and C. R. Artalejo: Quantal size is dependent on stimulation frequency and calcium entry in calf chromaffin cells. Neuron, 31(5), 819-30 (2001) (Pubitemid 32907376)
236. D. M. Omiatek, Y. Dong, M. L. Heien and A. G. Ewing: Only a Fraction of Quantal Content is Released During Exocytosis as Revealed by Electrochemical Cytometry of Secretory Vesicles. ACS Chem Neurosci, 1(3), 234-245 (2010)
237. T. Fulop and C. Smith: Physiological stimulation regulates the exocytic mode through calcium activation of protein kinase C in mouse chromaffin cells. Biochem J, 399(1), 111-9 (2006) (Pubitemid 44505412)
238. C. R. Artalejo, A. Elhamdani and H. C. Palfrey: Calmodulin is the divalent cation receptor for rapid endocytosis, but not exocytosis, in adrenal chromaffin cells. Neuron, 16(1), 195-205 (1996) (Pubitemid 26044742)
239. S. A. Chan and C. Smith: Physiological stimuli evoke two forms of endocytosis in bovine chromaffin cells. J Physiol, 537(Pt 3), 871-85 (2001) (Pubitemid 34026614)
240. S. A. Chan and C. Smith: Low frequency stimulation of mouse adrenal slices reveals a clathrin-independent, protein kinase C-mediated endocytic mechanism. J Physiol, 553(Pt 3), 707-17 (2003) (Pubitemid 38035616)
241. S. Scepek, J. R. Coorssen and M. Lindau: Fusion pore expansion in horse eosinophils is modulated by Ca2+ and protein kinase C via distinct mechanisms. EMBO J, 17(15), 4340-5 (1998) (Pubitemid 28362624)
242. X. K. Chen, L. C. Wang, Y. Zhou, Q. Cai, M. Prakriya, K. L. Duan, Z. H. Sheng, C. Lingle and Z. Zhou: Activation of GPCRs modulates quantal size in chromaffin cells through G(betagamma) and PKC. Nat Neurosci, 8(9), 1160-8 (2005) (Pubitemid 43348134)
243. B. W. Doreian, T. G. Fulop, R. L. Meklemburg and C. B. Smith: Cortical F-actin, the exocytic mode, and neuropeptide release in mouse chromaffin cells is regulated by myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate and myosin II. Mol Biol Cell, 20(13), 3142-54 (2009)
244. K. Berberian, A. J. Torres, Q. Fang, K. Kisler and M. Lindau: F-actin and myosin II accelerate catecholamine release from chromaffin granules. J Neurosci, 29(3), 863-70 (2009)
245. M. E. Graham, R. J. Fisher and R. D. Burgoyne: Measurement of exocytosis by amperometry in adrenal chromaffin cells: effects of clostridial neurotoxins and activation of protein kinase C on fusion pore kinetics. Biochimie, 82(5), 469-79 (2000) (Pubitemid 30391902)
246. M. E. Graham, D. W. O'Callaghan, H. T. McMahon and R. D. Burgoyne: Dynamin-dependent and dynaminindependent processes contribute to the regulation of single vesicle release kinetics and quantal size. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99(10), 7124-9 (2002) (Pubitemid 34526266)
247. C. R. Artalejo, J. R. Henley, M. A. McNiven and H. C. Palfrey: Rapid endocytosis coupled to exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells involves Ca2+, GTP, and dynamin but not clathrin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92(18), 8328-32 (1995)
248. C. R. Artalejo, A. Elhamdani and H. C. Palfrey: Sustained stimulation shifts the mechanism of endocytosis from dynamin-1-dependent rapid endocytosis to clathrin-and dynamin-2-mediated slow endocytosis in chromaffin cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99(9), 6358-63 (2002) (Pubitemid 34493316)
249. T. Fulop, B. Doreian and C. Smith: Dynamin I plays dual roles in the activity-dependent shift in exocytic mode in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells. Arch Biochem Biophys, 477(1), 146-54 (2008)
250. P. Holroyd, T. Lang, D. Wenzel, P. De Camilli and R. Jahn: Imaging direct, dynamin-dependent recapture of fusing secretory granules on plasma membrane lawns from PC12 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99(26), 16806-11 (2002) (Pubitemid 36034054)
251. C. Daly, M. Sugimori, J. E. Moreira, E. B. Ziff and R. Llinas: Synaptophysin regulates clathrin-independent endocytosis of synaptic vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97(11), 6120-5 (2000) (Pubitemid 30367533)
252. C. Daly and E. B. Ziff: Ca2+-dependent formation of a dynamin-synaptophysin complex: potential role in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. J Biol Chem, 277(11), 9010-5 (2002) (Pubitemid 34952973)
253. Z. P. Pang and T. C. Sudhof: Cell biology of Ca2+-triggered exocytosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol, 22(4), 496-505 (2010)
254. C. T. Wang, J. C. Lu, J. Bai, P. Y. Chang, T. F. Martin, E. R. Chapman and M. B. Jackson: Different domains of synaptotagmin control the choice between kissand-run and full fusion. Nature, 424(6951), 943-7 (2003) (Pubitemid 37051685)
255. J. Bai, C. T. Wang, D. A. Richards, M. B. Jackson and E. R. Chapman: Fusion pore dynamics are regulated by synaptotagmin*t-SNARE interactions. Neuron, 41(6), 929-42 (2004) (Pubitemid 38429736)
256. Z. Zhang, E. Hui, E. R. Chapman and M. B. Jackson: Regulation of exocytosis and fusion pores by synaptotagmin-effector interactions. Mol Biol Cell, 21(16), 2821-31 (2010)
257. A. L. Mattheyses, S. M. Simon and J. Z. Rappoport: Imaging with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy for the cell biologist. J Cell Sci, 123(Pt 21), 3621-8 (2010)
258. Z. Zhang, Y. Wu, Z. Wang, F. M. Dunning, J. Rehfuss, D. Ramanan, E. R. Chapman and M. B. Jackson: Release mode of large and small dense-core vesicles specified by different synaptotagmin isoforms in PC12 cells. Mol Biol Cell, 22(13), 2324-36 (2011)
259. D. Zhu, W. Zhou, T. Liang, F. Yang, R. Y. Zhang, Z. X. Wu and T. Xu: Synaptotagmin I and IX function redundantly in controlling fusion pore of large dense core vesicles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 361(4), 922-7 (2007) (Pubitemid 47263456)
260. M. Segovia, E. Ales, M. A. Montes, I. Bonifas, I. Jemal, M. Lindau, A. Maximov, T. C. Sudhof and G. Alvarez de Toledo: Push-and-pull regulation of the fusion pore by synaptotagmin-7. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107(44), 19032-7 (2010)
261. T. C. Sudhof and J. E. Rothman: Membrane fusion: grappling with SNARE and SM proteins. Science, 323(5913), 474-7 (2009)
262. R. J. Fisher, J. Pevsner and R. D. Burgoyne: Control of fusion pore dynamics during exocytosis by Munc18. Science, 291(5505), 875-8 (2001) (Pubitemid 32120758)
263. J. W. Barclay, T. J. Craig, R. J. Fisher, L. F. Ciufo, G. J. Evans, A. Morgan and R. D. Burgoyne: Phosphorylation of Munc18 by protein kinase C regulates the kinetics of exocytosis. J Biol Chem, 278(12), 10538-45 (2003) (Pubitemid 36800322)
264. L. F. Ciufo, J. W. Barclay, R. D. Burgoyne and A. Morgan: Munc18-1 regulates early and late stages of exocytosis via syntaxin-independent protein interactions. Mol Biol Cell, 16(2), 470-82 (2005) (Pubitemid 40165548)
265. J. Jorgacevski, M. Potokar, S. Grilc, M. Kreft, W. Liu, J. W. Barclay, J. Buckers, R. Medda, S. W. Hell, V. Parpura, R. D. Burgoyne and R. Zorec: Munc18-1 tuning of vesicle merger and fusion pore properties. J Neurosci, 31(24), 9055-66 (2011)
266. D. A. Archer, M. E. Graham and R. D. Burgoyne: Complexin regulates the closure of the fusion pore during regulated vesicle exocytosis. J Biol Chem, 277(21), 18249-52 (2002) (Pubitemid 34952367)
267. J. W. Barclay, M. Aldea, T. J. Craig, A. Morgan and R. D. Burgoyne: Regulation of the fusion pore conductance during exocytosis by cyclin-dependent kinase 5. J Biol Chem, 279(40), 41495-503 (2004) (Pubitemid 39313590)
268. R. H. Westerink, M. B. Rook, J. P. Beekwilder and W. J. Wadman: Dual role of calbindin-D28K in vesicular catecholamine release from mouse chromaffin cells. J Neurochem, 99(2), 628-40 (2006) (Pubitemid 44477217)
269. C. P. Grabner, S. D. Price, A. Lysakowski, A. L. Cahill and A. P. Fox: Regulation of large dense-core vesicle volume and neurotransmitter content mediated by adaptor protein 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103(26), 10035-40 (2006) (Pubitemid 43993618)
270. I. Martin, V. L. Dawson and T. M. Dawson: Recent advances in the genetics of Parkinson's disease. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet, 12, 301-25 (2011)
271. T. Kitada, A. Pisani, M. Karouani, M. Haburcak, G. Martella, A. Tscherter, P. Platania, B. Wu, E. N. Pothos and J. Shen: Impaired dopamine release and synaptic plasticity in the striatum of parkin-/-mice. J Neurochem, 110(2), 613-21 (2009)
272. T. Kitada, A. Pisani, D. R. Porter, H. Yamaguchi, A. Tscherter, G. Martella, P. Bonsi, C. Zhang, E. N. Pothos and J. Shen: Impaired dopamine release and synaptic plasticity in the striatum of PINK1-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104(27), 11441-6 (2007) (Pubitemid 47175159)
273. Y. Tong, A. Pisani, G. Martella, M. Karouani, H. Yamaguchi, E. N. Pothos and J. Shen: R1441C mutation in LRRK2 impairs dopaminergic neurotransmission in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106(34), 14622-7 (2009)
274. R. H. Westerink and H. P. Vijverberg: Ca(2+)-independent vesicular catecholamine release in PC12 cells by nanomolar concentrations of Pb(2+). J Neurochem, 80(5), 861-73 (2002) (Pubitemid 34809239)
275. A. S. Tischler, R. L. Perlman, G. M. Morse and B. E. Sheard: Glucocorticoids increase catecholamine synthesis and storage in PC12 pheochromocytoma cell cultures. J Neurochem, 40(2), 364-70 (1983) (Pubitemid 13195671)
276. K. D. Beck, I. Irwin, J. Valverde, T. J. Brennan, J. W. Langston and F. Hefti: GDNF induces a dystonia-like state in neonatal rats and stimulates dopamine and serotonin synthesis. Neuron, 16(3), 665-73 (1996) (Pubitemid 26101115)
277. J. Goggi, I. A. Pullar, S. L. Carney and H. F. Bradford: Modulation of neurotransmitter release induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat brain striatal slices in vitro. Brain Res, 941(1-2), 34-42 (2002) (Pubitemid 34603281)
278. N. G. Gubernator, H. Zhang, R. G. Staal, E. V. Mosharov, D. B. Pereira, M. Yue, V. Balsanek, P. A. Vadola, B. Mukherjee, R. H. Edwards, D. Sulzer and D. Sames: Fluorescent false neurotransmitters visualize dopamine release from individual presynaptic terminals. Science, 324(5933), 1441-4 (2009)
279. B. Onoa, H. Li, J. A. Gagnon-Bartsch, L. A. Elias and R. H. Edwards: Vesicular monoamine and glutamate transporters select distinct synaptic vesicle recycling pathways. J Neurosci, 30(23), 7917-27 (2010)
280. L. Schermelleh, R. Heintzmann and H. Leonhardt: A guide to super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. J Cell Biol, 190(2), 165-75 (2010)