How emotionally intelligent are pre-service teachers?

Teaching and Teacher Education

Volumn 28, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 750-759

  Corcoran, Roisin P ^a   Tormey, Roland ^b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b EPFL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Confirmatory factor analysis; Emotional competences; Emotional intelligence; MSCEIT; Pre service teacher education

Indexed keywords

EID: 84859836432     PISSN: 0742051X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tate.2012.02.007     Document Type: Article

References (121)

1. Anderson J.C., Gerbing D.W. The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Psychometrika 1984, 49:155-173.
2. Baker J.A. Teacher-student interaction in urban at-risk classrooms: differential behavior, relationship quality, and student satisfaction with school. The Elementary School Journal 1999, 100:57-70.
3. Bar-On R. Bar-On emotional quotient inventory (EQ-i): A test of emotional intelligence 1997, Multi-Health Systems, Toronto.
4. Bar-On R. Bar-On emotional quotient inventory (EQ-i): Technical manual 1997, Multi-Health Systems, Toronto.
5. Barrett L.F., Robin L., Pietromonaco P.R., Eyssell K.M. Are women the "more emotional" sex? Evidence from emotional experiences in social context. Cognition & Emotion 1998, 12:555-578.
6. Bentler P.M., Bonett D.G. Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin 1980, 88:588-606.
7. Borg M.G. Occupational stress in British educational settings: a review. Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology 1990, 10:103-126.
8. Boyatzis R.E., Goleman D., McBer H. Emotional competence inventory 1999, HayGroup, Boston.
9. Boyatzis R.E., Goleman D., Rhee K.S. Clustering competence in emotional intelligence. The handbook of emotional intelligence: Theory, development, assessment, and application at home, school, and in the workplace 2000, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, California. R. Bar-On, J.D.A. Parker (Eds.).
10. Boyle G.J., Borg M.G., Falzon J.M., Baglioni A.J. A structural model of the dimensions of teacher stress. British Journal of Educational Psychology 1995, 65:49-67.
11. Brackett M.A., Mayer J.D. Convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of competing measures of emotional intelligence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2003, 29:1147-1158.
12. Brackett M.A., Mayer J.D., Warner R.M. Emotional intelligence and its relation to everyday behaviour. Personality and Individual Differences 2004, 36:1387-1402.
13. Brackett M.A., Palomera R., Mojsa-Kaja J., Reyes M.R., Salovey P. Emotion-regulation ability, burnout, and job satisfaction among British secondary-school teachers. Psychology in the Schools 2010, 47:406-417.
14. Briton N.J., Hall J.A. Beliefs about female and male nonverbal communication. Sex Roles 1995, 32:79-90.
15. Brody L.R., Hall J.A. Gender, emotion and expression. Handbook of emotions 2000, 338-349. Guilford Press, New York. 2nd ed. M.J. Lewis, J.M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.).
16. Bullough R.V., Knowles J.G., Crow N.A. Emerging as a teacher 1991, Routledge, London; New York.
17. Butler E.A., Egloff B., Wilhelm F.H., Smith N.C., Erickson E.A., Gross J.J. The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion 2003, 3:48-67.
18. Byron, C. M. (2001). The effects of emotional knowledge education in the training of novice teachers. Unpublished Doctoral thesis, Teachers college, Columbia University, New York. Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis database (UMI No. 3014883).
19. Caruso D.R., Salovey P. The emotionally intelligent manager: How to develop and use the four key emotional skills of leadership 2004, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, California.
20. Coats E.J., Feldman R.S. Gender differences in nonverbal correlates of social status. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1996, 22:1014-1022.
21. Cochran-Smith M., Fries K. The AERA panel on research and teacher education: context and goals. Studying teacher education: The report of the AERA panel on research and teacher education 2006, 37-68. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, New Jersey. M. Cochran-Smith, K.M. Zeichner (Eds.).
22. Cole D.A. Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1987, 55:584-594.
23. Conway P.F., Murphy R., Rath A., Hall K. Learning to teach and its implications for the continuum of teacher education: A nine-country cross-national study 2009, The Teaching Council, Maynooth, Ireland.
24. Coolahan J. Attracting, developing and retaining effective teachers: Country background report for Ireland 2003, Stationery Office, Dublin.
25. Corcoran R.P., Tormey R. Teacher education, emotional competencies and development education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 2010, 2:2448-2457.
26. Corcoran R.P., Tormey R. Assessing emotional intelligence and its impact in caring professions: the value of a mixed methods approach in emotional intelligence work with teachers. Emotional intelligence: new perspectives and application 2012, 215-238. InTech, Rijeka. A. Di Fabio (Ed.).
27. Corcoran R.P., Tormey R. Developing emotionally competent teachers: Emotional intelligence and pre-service teacher education 2012, Lang Publishing, UK.
28. Darling-Hammond L. The challenge of staffing our schools. Educational Leadership 2001, 58:12-17.
29. de Heus P., Diekstra R.F.W. Do teachers burn out more easily? A comparison of teachers with other social professions on work stress and burnout symptoms. Understanding and preventing teacher burnout: A sourcebook of international research and practice 1999, 269-284. Cambridge University Press, New York. R. Vandenberghe, A.M. Huberman (Eds.).
30. Denzin N.K. On understanding emotion 1984, McGraw-Hill, London.
31. DeWall C.N., Twenge J.M., Koole S.L., Baumeister R.F., Marquez A., Reid M.W. Automatic emotion regulation after social exclusion: tuning to positivity. Emotion 2011, 11:623-636.
32. Dimberg U., Lundquist L. Gender differences in facial reactions to facial expressions. Biological Psychology 1990, 30:151-159.
33. Duckworth, A. L., Kirby, T. A., Gollwitzer, A., & Oettingen, G. (in press). Teaching self-regulation improves academic performance.
34. Dunning D., Heath C., Suls J.M. Flawed self-assessment: implications for health, education, and the workplace. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 2004, 5:69-106.
35. Durlak J.A., Weissberg R.P., Dymnicki A.B., Taylor R.D., Schellinger K.B. The impact of enhancing students' social and emotional learning: a meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. Child Development 2011, 82:405-432.
36. Emmer E.T. Towards an understanding of the primacy of classroom management and discipline. Teaching Education 1994, 6:65-69.
37. Erb, C. S. (2002) The emotional whirlpool of beginning teachers' work Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Society of Studies in Education, 2002, May, Toronto, Canada.
38. Evelein F., Korthagen F., Brekelmans M. Fulfilment of the basic psychological needs of student teachers during their first teaching experiences. Teaching and Teacher Education 2008, 24:1137-1148.
39. Fischer A.H., Manstead A. The relation between gender and emotions in different cultures. Gender and emotion: Social psychological perspectives 2000, 71-94. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. A.H. Fischer (Ed.).
40. Fried R.L. The passionate teacher: A practical guide 1995, Beacon Press, Boston.
41. Goleman D. Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ 1995, Bantam Books, New York.
42. Gross J.J. The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review. Review of General Psychology 1998, 2:271-299.
43. Gross J.J. Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998, 74:224-237.
44. Gross J.J. Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology 2002, 39:281.
45. Gross J.J., John O.P. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003, 85:348-362.
46. Gross J.J., Thompson R.A. Emotion regulation: conceptual foundations. Handbook of emotion regulation 2007, 3-24. Guilford, New York; London. J.J. Gross (Ed.).
47. Gruber, J., Harvey, A. G., & Gross, J. J. (in press). When trying is not enough: emotion regulation and the effort-success gap in bipolar disorder. Emotion.
48. Gyurak A., Gross J.J., Etkin A. Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: a dual-process framework. Cognition and Emotion 2011, 25:400-412.
49. Hargreaves A. The emotional practice of teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education 1998, 14:835-854.
50. Hargreaves A. Mixed emotions: teachers' perceptions of their interactions with students. Teaching and Teacher Education 2000, 16:811-826.
51. Hawkins J.D. Academic performance and school success: sources and consequences. Enhancing children's wellness 1999, 276-305. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. R.P. Weissberg, T.P. Gullotta, R.L. Hampton, B.A. Ryan, G.R. Adams (Eds.).
52. Heatherton T.F. Neuroscience of self and self-regulation. Annual Review of Psychology 2011, 62:363-390.
53. Heatherton T.F., Wagner D.D. Cognitive neuroscience of self-regulation failure. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2011, 15:132-139.
54. Helsing D. Regarding uncertainty in teachers and teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education 2007, 23:1317-1333.
55. Hochschild A.R. The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling, 20th Anniversary Edition (20th anniversary ed.) 2003, University of California Press, Berkley.
56. Hoekstra A., Korthagen F. Teacher learning in a context of educational change: informal learning versus systematically supported learning. Journal of Teacher Education 2011, 62:76-92.
57. Holm-Denoma J.M., Joiner T.E., Vohs K.D., Heatherton T.F. The "freshman fifteen" (the" freshman five" actually): predictors and possible explanations. Health Psychology 2008, 27:S3-S9.
58. Hui E.K.P., Chan D.W. Teacher stress and guidance work in Hong Kong secondary school teachers. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling 1996, 24:199-211.
59. Humphrey N., Curran A., Morris E., Farrell P., Woods K. Emotional intelligence and education: a critical review. Educational Psychology 2007, 27:235-254.
60. Intrator S.M. Beginning teachers and the emotional drama of the classroom. Journal of Teacher Education 2006, 57:232-239.
61. Isen A.M., Daubman K.A., Nowicki G.P. Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1987, 52:1122-1131.
62. Jöreskog K.G., Sörbom D. LISREL VI: Analysis of linear structural relationships by maximum likelihood, instrumental variables, and least squares methods 1981, Scientific Software, Mooresville, IN.
63. Jennings P.A., Greenberg M.T. The prosocial classroom: teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes. Review of Educational Research 2008, 79:491-525.
64. Keel P.K., Baxter M.G., Heatherton T.F., Joiner T.E. A 20-year longitudinal study of body weight, dieting, and eating disorder symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2007, 116:422-432.
65. Klassen R.M. Teacher stress: the mediating role of collective efficacy beliefs. The Journal of Educational Research 2010, 103:342.
66. Kober H., Ochsner K.N. Regulation of emotion in major depressive disorder. Biological Psychiatry 2011, 70:910-911.
67. Koole S.L. The psychology of emotion regulation: an integrative review. Cognition and Emotion 2009, 23:4-41.
68. Krathwohl D.R. A revision of Bloom's taxonomy: an overview. Theory into Practice 2002, 41:212-218.
69. Kyriacou C. Teacher stress and burnout: an international review. Educational Research 1987, 29:146-152.
70. Kyriacou C. Teacher stress: past and present. Stress in teachers: Past, present and future 1998, 1-13. Whurr, London. J. Dunham, V. Varma (Eds.).
71. Lopes P.N., Brackett M.A., Nezlek J.B., Schütz A., Sellin I., Salovey P. Emotional intelligence and social interaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2004, 30:1018-1034.
72. Lortie D.C. School teacher: A sociological study 1975, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
73. Marsh H.W., Balla J.R., McDonald R.P. Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: the effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin 1988, 103:391-410.
74. Mauss I.B., Cook C.L., Cheng J.Y.J., Gross J.J. Individual differences in cognitive reappraisal: experiential and physiological responses to an anger provocation. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2007, 66:116-124.
75. Mayer J.D., Roberts R.D., Barsade S.G. Human abilities: emotional intelligence. Annual Review of Psychology 2008, 59:507-536.
76. Mayer J.D., Salovey P. What is emotional intelligence?. Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications 1997, 3-31. Basic Books, New York. P. Salovey, D. Sluyter (Eds.).
77. Mayer J.D., Salovey P., Caruso D.R. The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso emotional intelligence test (MSCEIT): Item booklet 2002, Multi-Health Systems, Toronto.
78. Mayer J.D., Salovey P., Caruso D.R. The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso emotional intelligence test (MSCEIT): User's manual 2002, Multi-Health Systems, Toronto.
79. Mayer J.D., Salovey P., Caruso D.R. Emotional intelligence: theory, findings, and implications. Psychological Inquiry 2004, 15:197-215.
80. Mayer J.D., Salovey P., Caruso D.R., Sitarenios G. Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V2.0. Emotion 2003, 3:97-105.
81. McDonald R.P., Marsh H.W. Choosing a multivariate model: noncentrality and goodness of fit. Psychological Bulletin 1990, 107:247-255.
82. McRae K., Heller S.M., John O.P., Gross J.J. Context-dependent emotion regulation: suppression and reappraisal at the burning man festival. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 2011, 33:346-350.
83. Meyer D.K. Entering the emotional practices of teaching. Advances in teacher emotion research 2009, 73-91. Springer, New York. P.A. Schutz, M. Zembylas (Eds.).
84. Neisser U., Boodoo G., Bouchard T.J., Boykin A.W., Brody N., Ceci S.J., et al. Intelligence: knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist 1996, 51:77-101.
85. Nias J. Thinking about feeling: the emotions in teaching. Cambridge Journal of Education 1996, 26:293-306.
86. Noddings N. The challenge to care in schools: an alternative approach to education 1992, Teachers College Press, New York; London.
87. O'Connor K.E. "You choose to care": teachers, emotions and professional identity. Teaching and Teacher Education 2008, 24:117-126.
88. O'Connor R.M., Little I.S. Revisiting the predictive validity of emotional intelligence: self-report versus ability-based measures. Personality and Individual Differences 2003, 35:1893-1902.
89. Ochsner K. The cognitive control of emotion: Neural mechanisms and beyond, from habits to self-regulation: How do we Change? 2011, November, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
90. OECD Teachers matter: Attracting, developing and retaining effective teachers 2005, OECD, Paris.
91. Oplatka I. Managing emotions in teaching: toward an understanding of emotion displays and caring as nonprescribed role elements. The Teachers College Record 2007, 109:1374-1400.
92. Palfai T.P., Salovey P. The influence of depressed and elated mood on deductive and inductive reasoning. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 1993, 13:57-71.
93. Palomera R., Fernandez-Berrocal P., Brackett M.A. Emotional intelligence as a basic competency in pre-service teacher training: some evidence. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology 2008, 6:437-454.
94. Pedrabissi L., Rolland J.P., Santinello M. Stress and burnout among teachers in Italy and France. Journal of Psychology 1993, 127:529-535.
95. Pisanti R., Gagliardi M.P., Razzino S., Bertini M. Occupational stress and wellness among Italian secondary school teachers. Psychology & Health 2003, 18:523-536.
96. Pithers R.T., Soden R. Scottish and Australian teacher stress and strain: a comparative study. British Journal of Educational Psychology 1998, 68:269-279.
97. Plutchik R. The psychology and biology of emotion 1994, Harper-Collins, New York. 1st ed.
98. Plutchik R. The nature of emotions. American Scientist 2001, 89:344-350.
99. Richards J.M., Gross J.J. Emotion regulation and memory: the cognitive costs of keeping one's cool. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 79:410-424.
100. Rimm-Kaufman S.E., Fan X., Chiu Y.J., You W. The contribution of the responsive classroom approach on children's academic achievement: results from a three year longitudinal study. Journal of School Psychology 2007, 45:401-421.
101. Roberts R.D., Zeidner M., Matthews G. Does emotional intelligence meet traditional standards for an intelligence? Some new data and conclusions. Emotion 2001, 1:196-231.
102. Rosiek J. Emotional scaffolding: an exploration of the teacher knowledge at the intersection of student emotion and the subject matter. Journal of Teacher Education 2003, 54:399-412.
103. Salovey P., Bedwell T.B., Detweiler J.B., Mayer J.D. Current directions in emotional intelligence research. Handbook of emotions 2000, 504-520. Guilford Press, New York. 2nd ed. M.J. Lewis, J.M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.).
104. Salovey P., Mayer J.D. Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 1990, 9:185-211.
105. Schaps E., Battistich V., Solomon D. School as a caring community: a key to character education. Ninety-sixth yearbook of the national society for the study of education 1996, 127-139. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. A. Molnar (Ed.).
106. Sheldon B. Cognitive behavioural therapy, research and practice in health and social care 2011, Routledge, Abingdon.
107. Sheppes G., Gross J.J. Is timing everything? Temporal considerations in emotion regulation. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2011, 15:319-331.
108. Sheppes G., Gross J. Emotion regulation effectiveness: what works when. Handbook of psychology, volume five: Personality and social psychology 2012, Wiley, New York. H.A. Tennen, J.M. Suls (Eds.).
109. Sheppes G., Scheibe S., Suri G., Gross J.J. Emotion-regulation choice. Psychological Science 2011, 22:1391-1396.
110. Sinha R. The role of stress in addiction relapse. Current Psychiatry Reports 2007, 9:388-395.
111. Sinha R., Fox H.C., Hong K.A., Bergquist K., Bhagwagar Z., Siedlarz K.M. Enhanced negative emotion and alcohol craving, and altered physiological responses following stress and cue exposure in alcohol dependent individuals. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008, 34:1198-1208.
112. Srivastava S., Tamir M., McGonigal K.M., John O.P., Gross J.J. The social costs of emotional suppression: a prospective study of the transition to college. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2009, 96:883-897.
113. Sue S. Science, ethnicity, and bias: where have we gone wrong?. American Psychologist 1999, 54:1070-1077.
114. Suri G., Sheppes G., Gross J.J. Emotion regulation and cognition. Handbook of cognition and emotion 2012, Guilford, New York. M.D. Robinson, E.R. Watkins, E. Harmon-Jones (Eds.).
115. Sutton R., Wheatley K. Teachers' emotions and teaching: a review of the literature and directions for future research. Educational Psychology Review 2003, 15:327-358.
116. Travers C., Cooper C. Mental health, job satisfaction and occupational stress among UK teachers. Work and Stress 1993, 7:203-219.
117. van Dick R., Wagner U. Stress and strain in teaching: a structural equation approach. British Journal of Educational Psychology 2001, 71:243-259.
118. Weare K., Gray G. What works in developing children's emotional and social competence and wellbeing? 2003, Department for Education and Skills (research report no. 456), London, [accessed 20 March 2008]. Available. http://publications.education.gov.uk/eOrderingDownload/RR456.pdf.
119. Wentzel K.R. Are effective teachers like good parents? Teaching styles and student adjustment in early adolescence. Child Development 2002, 73:287-301.
120. Whitcomb J., Borko H., Liston D. Why teach? Part II. Journal of Teacher Education 2008, 59:267-272.
121. Williams L.E., Bargh J.A., Nocera C.C., Gray J.R. The unconscious regulation of emotion: nonconscious reappraisal goals modulate emotional reactivity. Emotion 2009, 9:847-854.