Does Emotional Intelligence Meet Traditional Standards for an Intelligence? Some New Data and Conclusions

Emotion

Volumn 1, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 196-231

  Roberts, Richard D ^a   Zeidner, Moshe ^b   Matthews, Gerald ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA   (Israel)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; APTITUDE TEST; ARTICLE; EMOTION; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERSONALITY; REPRODUCIBILITY; SELF EVALUATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; APTITUDE TESTS; EMOTIONS; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTELLIGENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERSONALITY; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SELF ASSESSMENT (PSYCHOLOGY);

EID: 0003303538     PISSN: 15283542     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/1528-3542.1.3.196     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Abraham R. The role of job control as a moderator of emotional dissonance and emotional intelligence: Outcome relationships. The Journal of Psychology 134 (2000) 169-184
2. American Psychological Association Public Affairs Office. Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns (1997), Author, Washington, DC
3. Anastasi A., and Urbina S. Psychological testing. 7th ed. (1997), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
4. Arbuckle, J.L. (1997). AMOS user's guide (Version 3.6). [Computer Software]. Chicago: Smallwaters Corporation.
5. Australian Council of Educational Research (ACER). Standard progressive matrices: Australian manual (1989), Author, Hawthorne, Victoria, Australia
6. Bagby R.M., Parker J.D., and Taylor G.J. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 38 (1994) 23-32
7. Bar-On R. The Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): Technical manual (1997), Multi-Health Systems, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
8. Bar-On R. Emotional and social intelligence: Insights from the emotional quotient inventory (EQ-i). In: Bar-On R., and Parker J.D.A. (Eds). Handbook of emotional intelligence (2000), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco 363-388
9. Bar-On R., Brown J.M., Kirkcaldy B.D., and Thome E.P. Emotional expression and implications for occupational stress: An application of the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i). Personality and Individual Differences 28 (2000) 1107-1118
10. Brody N. Intelligence. 2nd ed. (1992), Academic Press, San Diego, CA
11. Burnett M. Survivor (2000), CBS, New York
12. Carretta T.R., and Ree M.J. Near identity of cognitive structure in sex and ethnic groups. Personality and Individual Differences 19 (1995) 149-155
13. Carretta T.R., and Ree M.J. Negligible sex differences in the relation of cognitive and psychomotor abilities. Personality and Individual Differences 22 (1997) 165-172
14. Carroll J.B. Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies (1993), Cambridge University Press, New York
15. Carroll J.B. Psychometrics, intelligence, and public perception. Intelligence 24 (1997) 25-52
16. Cattell R.B. Abilities: Their structure, growth, and measurement (1971), Houghton Mifflin, Boston
17. Christal, R.E. (1994, November). Non-cognitive research involving systems of testing and learning. Final Research and Development Status Report (USAF Contract No. F33615-91-D-0010). Armstrong Laboratory, Brooks Air Force Base, United States Air Force.
18. Ciarrochi J.V., Chan A.Y.C., and Caputi P. A critical evaluation of the emotional intelligence construct. Personality and Individual Differences 28 (2000) 539-561
19. Ciarrochi J.V., Chan A.Y.C., Caputi P., and Roberts R.D. Measuring emotional intelligence. In: Ciarrochi J., Forgas J.P., and Mayer J.D. (Eds). Emotional intelligence in everyday life: A scientific inquiry (2001), Psychology Press, Philadelphia 25-45
20. Cooper R.K., and Sawaf A. Executive EQ: Emotional intelligence in leadership and organizations (1997), Putnam, New York
21. Costa Jr. P.T., and McCrae R.R. Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) (1992), Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL
22. Cronbach L.J. Essentials of psychological testing (1960), Harper, New York
23. Davies M., Stankov L., and Roberts R.D. Emotional intelligence: In search of an elusive construct. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75 (1998) 989-1015
24. Dawda D., and Hart S.D. Assessing emotional intelligence: Reliability and validity of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) in university students. Personality and Individual Differences 28 (2000) 797-812
25. Ekman P. Facial expressions. In: Dalgleish T., and Power M.J. (Eds). Handbook of cognition and emotion (1999), Wiley, Chichester, UK 301-320
26. Elias M.J., and Weissberg R. Primary prevention: Educational approaches to enhance social and emotional learning. Journal of School Health 70 (2000) 186-190
27. Epstein S. Constructive thinking: The key to emotional intelligence (1998), Praeger, Westport, CT
28. Fisher C.D., and Ashkanasy N.M. The emerging role of emotions in work life: An introduction. Journal of Organizational Behavior 21 (2000) 123-129
29. Flynn J.R. Massive gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure. Psychological Bulletin 101 (1987) 171-191
30. Foley P., and Rucker L.S. An overview of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB). In: Dillon R.F., and Pellegrino J.W. (Eds). Testing: Theoretical and applied perspectives (1989), Praeger, New York 16-35
31. Fox S., and Spector P.E. Relations of emotional intelligence, practical intelligence, general intelligence, and trait affectivity with interview outcomes: It's not all just 'G'. Journal of Organizational Behavior 21 (2000) 203-220
32. Garcia, A., Roberts, R.D. (2000, April). Emotional 'intelligence', cognitive abilities, and personality. Paper presented at the 27th Annual Conference of the Australasian Experimental Psychology Society, Novotel Twin Waters Resort, Queensland, Australia.
33. Gardner H. Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences (1983), Basic Books, New York
34. Gibbs N. The EQ factor. Time (1995, October 2) 60-68
35. Goleman D. Emotional intelligence (1995), Bantam Books, New York
36. Gregory R.J. Psychological testing: History, principles, and applications. 2nd ed. (1996), Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights, MA
37. Guilford J.P. Personality (1959), McGraw-Hill, New York
38. Guttman L. A faceted definition of intelligence. In: Eiferman R. (Ed). Studies in psychology. Scripta Hierosolymitana [Jerusalem Scripts in Greek] Vol. 14 (1965), Magnes Press, Jerusalem 166-181
39. Guttman, L. (1965b). The structure of intercorrelations among intelligence tests. In Proceedings of the 1964 Invitational Conference on Testing Problems (pp. 53-65). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
40. Guttman L., and Levy S. Two structural laws for intelligence. Intelligence 15 (1991) 79-103
41. Hammer, D. (1997 September). Air Force operational viewpoint. Paper presented at the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Chronobiology and Neural Adaptation Conference, Colorado Springs, CO.
42. Herrnstein R.J., and Murray C. The bell curve: Intelligence and class structure in American life (1994), Free Press, New York
43. Horn J.L. Thinking about human abilities. In: Nesselroade J.R., and Cattell R.B. (Eds). Handbook of multivariate experimental psychology. 2nd ed. (1988), Plenum, New York 645-685
44. Horn J.L., and Hofer S.M. Major abilities and development in the adult period. In: Sternberg R.J., and Berg C. (Eds). Intellectual development (1992), Cambridge University Press, New York 44-99
45. Horn J.L., and Noll J. System for understanding cognitive capabilities: A theory and the evidence on which it is based. In: Detterman D.K. (Ed). Current topic in human intelligence: Volume IV (1994), Springer-Verlag, New York 151-203
46. Horn J.L., and Stankov L. Auditory and visual factors of intelligence. Intelligence 6 (1982) 165-185
47. Hunt E. Will we be smart enough? A cognitive analysis of the coming workforce (1995), Russell Sage Foundation, New York
48. Jensen A.R. Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development 18 (1985) 32-37
49. Jensen A.R. The g factor: The science of mental ability (1998), Praeger, Westport, CT
50. Kaplan R.M., and Saccuzzo D.P. Psychological testing: Principles, applications, and issues. 4th ed. (1997), Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, CA
51. Kihlstrom J.F., and Cantor N. Social intelligence. In: Sternberg R.J. (Ed). Handbook of intelligence. 2nd ed. (2000), Cambridge University Press, New York
52. Krause, H., Lee, S.-K., Stankov, L., Pallier, G., Roberts, R. D. (in press). Time management, personality individualdifferences. Manuscript submitted for publication.
53. Legree P.J. Evidence for an oblique social intelligence factor established with a Likert-based testing procedure. Intelligence 21 (1995) 247-266
54. Mabe P.A., and West S.G. Validity of self-evaluation of ability: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology 67 (1982) 280-296
55. Matthews G., and Zeidner M. Emotional intelligence, adaptation to stressful encounters, and health outcomes. In: Bar-On R., and Parker J.D.A. (Eds). Handbook of emotional intelligence (2000), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco 459-489
56. Matthews, G., Zeidner, M., Roberts, R. (in press). Emotional intelligence: Sciencemyth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
57. Mayer J.D., Caruso D., and Salovey P. Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence. Intelligence 27 (1999) 267-298
58. Mayer J.D., Caruso D., and Salovey P. Selecting a measure of emotional intelligence: The case for ability scales. In: Bar-on R., and Parker J.D.A. (Eds). The handbook of emotional intelligence (2000), New York, Jossey-Bass 320-342
59. Mayer J.D., and Cobb C.D. Educational policy on emotional intelligence: Does it make sense?. Educational Psychology Review 12 (2000) 163-183
60. Mayer J.D., DiPaulo M., and Salovey P. Perceiving affective content in ambiguous visual stimuli: A component of emotional intelligence. Journal of Personality Assessment 54 (1990) 772-781
61. Mayer J.D., and Geher G. Emotional intelligence and the identification of emotion. Intelligence 22 (1996) 89-113
62. Mayer J.D., and Salovey P. The intelligence of emotional intelligence. Intelligence 17 (1993) 443-450
63. Mayer J.D., and Salovey P. What is emotional intelligence?. In: Salovey P., and Sluyter D. (Eds). Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Implications for educators (1997), Basic Books, New York 3-31
64. Mayer J.D., Salovey P., and Caruso D. Competing models of emotional intelligence. In: Sternberg R.J. (Ed). Handbook of human intelligence. 2nd ed. (2000), New York, Cambridge University Press 396-420
65. Mayer J.D., Salovey P., and Caruso D. Emotional intelligence as zeitgeist, personality, and as a mental ability. In: Bar-On R., and Parker J.D.A. (Eds). The handbook of emotional intelligence (2000), Jossey-Bass, New York 92-117
66. McCrae R.R. Emotional intelligence from the perspective of the five-factor model of personality. In: Bar-on R., and Parker J.D.A. (Eds). The handbook of emotional intelligence (2000), Jossey-Bass, New York 263-276
67. Mehrabian A. Beyond IQ: Broad-based measurement of individual success potential or "emotional intelligence.". Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs 126 (2000) 133-239
68. Mehrabian A., and Epstein N. A measure of emotional empathy. Journal of Personality 40 (1970) 525-543
69. Most B., and Zeidner M. Constructing personality and intelligence test instruments:Methods and issues. In: Saklofske D., and Zeidner M. (Eds). International handbook of personality and intelligence (1995), Plenum, New York 475-503
70. Murphy K. Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery. In: Keyser D.J., and Sweetland R.C. (Eds). Test critiques Vol. 1 (1985), Test Corporation of America, Kansas City, MO
71. Murphy K.R., and Davidshofer C.O. Psychological testing: Principles and applications. 4th ed. (1998), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
72. Nunnally J.C. Psychometric theory. 2nd ed. (1978), McGraw-Hill, New York
73. O'Sullivan M., Guilford J.P., and de Mille P. The measurement of social intelligence (Rep. No. 34) (1965), University of Southern California, Psychometric Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA
74. Pallier, G., Wilkinson, R., Danthiir, V., Kleitman, S., Knezevic, G., Stankov, L., Roberts, R.D. (2001). The role of question format and individual differences in the realism of confidence judgments. Manuscript submitted for publication.
75. Paul, A.M. (1999). Promotional intelligence. Salon.com [On-line]. Available Internet: http://www.salon.com/books/it/1999/06/28/emotional/index3.html.
76. Paulhus D.L., Lysy D.C., and Yik M.S. Self-report measures of intelligence: Are they useful as proxy IQ tests?. Journal of Personality 66 (1998) 525-554
77. Pavot W., Diener E., and Suh E. The Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment 70 (1998) 340-354
78. Petrides K.V., and Furnham A. On the dimensional structure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences 29 (2000) 313-320
79. Raven J.C., Court J.H., and Raven J. Manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales (1979), H. K. Lewis & Co, London
80. Ree M.J., and Carretta T.R. Factor analysis of ASVAB: Confirming a Vernon-like structure. Educational and Psychological Measurement 54 (1994) 457-461
81. Ree M.J., and Carretta T.R. Group differences in aptitude factor structure on the ASVAB. Educational and Psychological Measurement 55 (1995) 268-277
82. Roberts, R. D. (in press). Review of the handbook of emotional intelligence. Intelligence.
83. Roberts R.D., Goff G.N., Anjoul F., Kyllonen P.C., Pallier G., and Stankov L. The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery: Little more than acculturated learning (Gc)!?. Learning and Individual Difference 12 (2000) 81-103
84. Roberts R.D., and Kyllonen P.C. Morningness-eveningness and intelligence: Early to bed, early to rise will likely make you anything but wise. Personality and Individual Differences 27 (1999) 1123-1133
85. Roger D., and Najarian B. The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring emotion control. Personality and Individual Differences 10 (1989) 845-853
86. Ryback D. Putting emotional intelligence to work: Successful leadership is more than IQ (1998), Butterworth-Heineman, Stoneham, MA
87. Saarni C. The development of emotional competence (1999), Guilford Press, New York
88. Salovey P., and Mayer J.D. Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 9 (1990) 185-211
89. Salovey P., Mayer J.D., Goldman S., Turvey C., and Palfai T. Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In: Pennebaker J.W. (Ed). Emotion, disclosure, and health (1995), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC 125-154
90. Salovey P., Woolery A., and Mayer J.D. Emotional intelligence: Conceptualization and measurement. In: Fletcher G., and Clark M. (Eds). The Blackwell handbook of social psychology (2000), Blackwell, London
91. Scherer M. Perspectives: Heart start. Educational Leadership 54 (1997) 4
92. Schutte N., Malouff J., Hall L., Haggerty D., Cooper J., Golden C., and Dornheim L. Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences 25 (1998) 167-177
93. Spearman C. The abilities of man (1927), Macmillan, New York
94. Stankov L., Boyle G.J., and Cattell R.B. Models and paradigms in personality and intelligence research. In: Saklofske D., and Zeidner M. (Eds). International handbook of personality and intelligence.Perspectives on individual differences (1995), Plenum Press, New York 15-43
95. Stauffer J.M., Ree M.J., and Carretta T.R. Cognitive-components tests are not much more than g: An extension of Kyllonen's analyses. Journal of General Psychology 123 (1996) 193-205
96. Sternberg R.J. Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence (1985), Cambridge University Press, New York
97. Sternberg R.J. The concept of intelligence. In: Sternberg R.J. (Ed). Handbook of intelligence (2000), Cambridge University Press, New York 3-15
98. Sternberg R.J. Handbook of intelligence (2000), Cambridge University Press, New York
99. Stoeber J. Reliability and validity of two widely-used worry questionnaires: Self-report and self-peer convergence. Personality and Individual Differences 24 (1998) 887-890
100. Taylor G.J. Recent developments in alexithymia theory and research. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 45 (2000) 134-142
101. Thorndike E.L. Intelligence and its use. Harper Magazine 140 (1920) 227-235
102. Thorndike E.L., Terman L.M., Freeman F.M., Colvin S.S., Pintner R., and Pressey S.L. Intelligence and its measurement: A symposium. Journal of Educational Psychology 12, 3 (1921) 123-147
103. Thurstone L.L. Multiple factor analysis. Psychological Reveiw 38 (1931) 406-427
104. Thurstone L.L. Primary mental abilities (1938), University of Chicago Press, Chicago
105. U.S. Department of Defense. Profile of American youth: 1980 Nationwide administration of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (1982), U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Reserve Affairs, and Logistics), Washington, DC
106. U.S. Department of Defense. Test Manual for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (DoD No. 1340. 12AA) (1984), U.S. Military Entrance Processing Command, North Chicago, IL
107. Weinberger D.A., Schwarz G.E., and Davidson R.J. Low-anxious, high-anxious, and repressive coping styles: Psychometric patterns and behavioral and physiological responses to stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 88 (1979) 369-380
108. Weisinger H. Emotional intelligence at work: The untapped edge for success (1998), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco
109. Zeidner M., and Feitelson D. Probing the validity of intelligence tests for preschool children: A smallest space analysis. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 7 (1989) 175-193