Role of liver X receptors in cholesterol efflux and inflammatory signaling (review)

Molecular Medicine Reports

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 895-900

  Zhu, Rongtao ^a   Ou, Zhibing ^a   Ruan, Xiongzhong ^a   Gong, Jianping ^a  

^a CHONGQING MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Cholesterol efflux; Inflammatory signaling; Liver X receptors

Indexed keywords

ABC TRANSPORTER; ABC TRANSPORTER A1; ABC TRANSPORTER G1; APOLIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN C1; APOLIPOPROTEIN C2; APOLIPOPROTEIN C4; APOLIPOPROTEIN D; APOLIPOPROTEIN E; CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL 7ALPHA MONOOXYGENASE; CHOLESTEROL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE; LIVER X RECEPTOR; LIVER X RECEPTOR ALPHA; LIVER X RECEPTOR BETA; PHOSPHOLIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; RETINOID X RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM; CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; LIPOGENESIS; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

APOLIPOPROTEINS; CHOLESTEROL; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; LIPOGENESIS; ORPHAN NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 84858185086     PISSN: 17912997     EISSN: 17913004     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.758     Document Type: Review

References (43)

1. Legry V, Cottel D, Ferrières J, et al: Association between liver X receptor α gene polymorphisms and risk of metabolic syndrome in French populations. Int J Obes (Lond) 32: 421-428, 2008. (Pubitemid 351414804)
2. Stenson BM, Rydén M, Venteclef N, et al: Liver X receptor (LXR) regulates human adipocyte lipolysis. J Biol Chem 286: 370-379, 2011.
3. Berrodin TJ, Shen Q, Quinet EM, et al: Identification of 5α, 6α-epoxycholesterol as a novel modulator of liver X receptor activity. Mol Pharmacol 78: 1046-1058, 2010.
4. Korach-André M, Archer A, Barros RP, et al: Both liver-X receptor (LXR) isoforms control energy expenditure by regulating brown adipose tissue activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 403-408, 2011.
5. Motoshima K, Noguchi-Yachide T, Sugita K, et al: Separation of α-glucosidase-inhibitory and liver X receptor-antagonistic activities of phenethylphenyl phthalimide analogs and generation of LXRα-selective antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 17: 5001-5014, 2009.
6. Yasuda T, Grillot D, Billheimer JT, et al: Tissue-specific liver X receptor activation promotes macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 30: 781-786, 2010.
7. Shen Q, Bai Y, Chang KC, et al: Liver X receptor-retinoid X receptor (LXR-RXR) heterodimer cistrome reveals coordination of LXR and AP1 signaling in keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 286: 14554-14563, 2011.
8. Lall R, Kuruvilla S and Prüfer K: Liver X receptor beta with mutations in the activation function-2 region is excluded from the nucleolus. Cell Biol Int 33: 447-452, 2009.
9. Noshiro M, Usui E, Kawamoto T, et al: Multiple mechanisms regulate circadian expression of the gene for cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a), a key enzyme in hepatic bile acid biosynthesis. J Biol Rhythms 22: 299-311, 2007. (Pubitemid 47077307)
10. Henkel AS, Anderson KA, Dewey AM, et al: A chronic high-cholesterol diet paradoxically suppresses hepatic CYP7A1 expression in FVB/NJ mice. J Lipid Res 52: 289-298, 2011.
11. Sato M, Sato K and Furuse M: Change in hepatic and plasma bile acid contents and its regulatory gene expression in the chicken embryo. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 150: 344-347, 2008.
12. Wooton-Kee CR, Coy DJ, Athippozhy AT, et al: Mechanisms for increased expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) in lactating rats. Hepatology 51: 277-285, 2010.
13. Hozoji-Inada M, Munehira Y, Nagao K, et al: LXRβ directly interacts with ABCA1 to promote HDL formation during acute cholesterol accumulation. J Biol Chem 286: 20117-20124, 2011.
14. Donkin JJ, Stukas S, Hirsch-Reinshagen V, et al: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 mediates the beneficial effects of the liver X receptor agonist GW3965 on object recognition memory and amyloid burden in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice. J Biol Chem 285: 34144-34154, 2010.
15. Tsezou A, Iliopoulos D, Malizos KN, et al: Impaired expression of genes regulating cholesterol efflux in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. J Orthop Res 28: 1033-1039, 2010.
16. Genvigir FD, Rodrigues AC, Cerda A, et al: Effects of lipid-lowering drugs on reverse cholesterol transport gene expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear and HepG2 cells. Pharmacogenomics 11: 1235-1246, 2010.
17. Akram A, Schmeidler J, Katsel P, et al: Increased expression of RXRα in dementia: an early harbinger for the cholesterol dyshomeostasis? Mol Neurodegener 5: 36, 2010.
18. Huwait EA, Greenow KR, Singh NN, et al: A novel role for c-Jun N-terminal kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase in the liver X receptor-mediated induction of macrophage gene expression. Cell Signal 23: 542-549, 2011.
19. Mauldin JP, Nagelin MH, Wojcik AJ, et al: Reduced expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 increases cholesterol accumulation in macrophages of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 117: 2785-2792, 2008. (Pubitemid 351770459)
20. Delvecchio CJ, Bilan P, Nair P, et al: LXR-induced reverse cholesterol transport in human airway smooth muscle is mediated exclusively by ABCA1. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295: L949-L957, 2008.
21. Wiersma H, Nijstad N, de Boer JF, et al: Lack of Abcg1 results in decreased plasma HDL cholesterol levels and increased biliary cholesterol secretion in mice fed a high cholesterol diet. Atherosclerosis 206: 141-147, 2009.
22. Ecker J, Liebisch G, Patsch W, et al: The conjugated linoleic acid isomer trans-9,trans-11 is a dietary occurring agonist of liver X receptor α. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 388: 660-666, 2009.
23. Bojanic DD, Tarr PT, Gale GD, et al: Differential expression and function of ABCG1 and ABCG4 during development and aging. J Lipid Res 51: 169-181, 2010.
24. Wang N, Yvan-Charvet L, Lütjohann D, et al: ATP-binding cassette transporters G1 and G4 mediate cholesterol and desmosterol efflux to HDL and regulate sterol accumulation in the brain. FASEB J 22: 1073-1082, 2008. (Pubitemid 351519962)
25. Van Straten EM, Huijkman NC, Baller JF, et al: Pharmacological activation of LXR in utero directly influences ABC transporter expression and function in mice but does not affect adult cholesterol metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 295: E1341-E1348, 2008.
26. Kusuhara H and Sugiyama Y: ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G (ABCG family). Pflugers Arch 453: 735-744, 2007. (Pubitemid 46192543)
27. Hessvik NP, Boekschoten MV, Baltzersen MA, et al: LXRβ is the dominant LXR subtype in skeletal muscle regulating lipogenesis and cholesterol efflux. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 298: E602-E613, 2010.
28. Taylor JM, Borthwick F, Bartholomew C, et al: Overexpression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein increases macrophage cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein AI. Cardiovasc Res 86: 526-534, 2010.
29. Zhong S, Magnolo AL, Sundaram M, et al: Nonsynonymous mutations within APOB in human familial hypobetalipoproteinemia: evidence for feedback inhibition of lipogenesis and postendoplasmic reticulum degradation of apolipoprotein B. J Biol Chem 285: 6453-6464, 2010.
30. Honzumi S, Shima A, Hiroshima A, et al: LXRα regulates human CETP expression in vitro and in transgenic mice. Atherosclerosis 212: 139-145, 2010.
31. Briand F, Tréguier M, André A, et al: Liver X receptor activation promotes macrophage-to-feces reverse cholesterol transport in a dyslipidemic hamster model. J Lipid Res 51: 763-770, 2010.
32. Lakomy D, Rébé C, Sberna AL, et al: Liver X receptor-mediated induction of cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression is selectively impaired in inflammatory macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29: 1923-1929, 2009.
33. Korach-André M, Archer A, Gabbi C, et al: Liver-X Receptors regulate de novo lipogenesis in a tissue specific manner in C57Bl/6 female mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 301: E210-E222, 2011.
34. Hong I, Rho HS, Kim DH, et al: Activation of LXRα induces lipogenesis in HaCaT cells. Arch Pharm Res 33: 1443-1449, 2010.
35. Kay HY, Kim WD, Hwang SJ, et al: Nrf2 inhibits LXRα-dependent hepatic lipogenesis by competing with FXR for acetylase binding. Antioxid Redox Signal 15: 2135-2146, 2011.
36. Sato K and Kamada T: Regulation of bile acid, cholesterol, and fatty acid synthesis in chicken primary hepatocytes by different concentrations of T0901317, an agonist of liver X receptors. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 158: 201-206, 2011.
37. Morrow MP, Grant A, Mujawar Z, et al: Stimulation of the liver X receptor pathway inhibits HIV-1 replication via induction of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Mol Pharmacol 78: 215-225, 2010.
38. Töröcsik D, Baráth M, Benko S, et al: Activation of liver X receptor sensitizes human dendritic cells to inflammatory stimuli. J Immunol 184: 5456-5465, 2010.
39. Korf H, Vander Beken S, Romano M, et al: Liver X receptors contribute to the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. J Clin Invest 119: 1626-1637, 2009.
40. Fontaine C, Rigamonti E, Nohara A, et al: Liver X receptor activation potentiates the lipopolysaccharide response in human macrophages. Circ Res 101: 40-49, 2007. (Pubitemid 47094622)
41. Huang W, Ghisletti S, Saijo K, et al: Coronin 2A mediates actin-dependent de-repression of inflammatory response genes. Nature 470: 414-418, 2011.
42. Chen S, Sorrentino R, Shimada K, et al: Chlamydia pneumoniae-induced foam cell formation requires MyD88-dependent and independent signaling and is reciprocally modulated by liver X receptor activation. J Immunol 181: 7186-7193,2008.
43. Terwel D, Steffensen KR, Verghese PB, et al: Critical role of astroglial apolipoprotein E and liver X receptor-α expression for microglial Aβ phagocytosis. J Neurosci 31: 7049-7059, 2011.