메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 52, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 142-161

The stability and degradation of dietary DNA in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals: Implications for horizontal gene transfer and the biosafety of GMOs

Author keywords

ARM genes; Biosafety; Lateral or horizontal gene transfer; Natural transformation; Recombinant DNA plants; Risk assessment

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELLS; ANIMAL FEEDING; BACTERIAL SPECIES; BIOSAFETY; EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS; HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER; IN-VIVO; KNOWLEDGE GAPS; MECHANISTIC ASPECTS; NATURAL TRANSFORMATIONS; RECOMBINANT DNA;

EID: 84857432708     PISSN: 10408398     EISSN: 15497852     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.499480     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (70)

References (165)
  • 1
    • 14844291667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bt176 corn in poultry nutrition: Physiological characteristics and fate of recombinant plant DNA in chickens
    • Aeschbacher, K., Messikommer, R., Meile, L., and Wenk, C. (2005). Bt176 corn in poultry nutrition: Physiological characteristics and fate of recombinant plant DNA in chickens. Poult. Sci. 84: 385-394.
    • (2005) Poult. Sci , vol.84 , pp. 385-394
    • Aeschbacher, K.1    Messikommer, R.2    Meile, L.3    Wenk, C.4
  • 2
    • 33947517915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction assessment of the fate of transgenic DNA in sheep fed Roundup Ready rapeseed meal
    • Alexander, T. W., Reuter, T., Okine, E., Sharma, R., and McAllister, T. A. (2006). Conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction assessment of the fate of transgenic DNA in sheep fed Roundup Ready rapeseed meal. British J. Nutr. 96: 997-1005.
    • (2006) British J. Nutr , vol.96 , pp. 997-1005
    • Alexander, T.W.1    Reuter, T.2    Okine, E.3    Sharma, R.4    McAllister, T.A.5
  • 3
    • 13844315165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of ensiling on the DNA-degradation in isogenic and transgenic corn
    • Abstract
    • Aulrich, K., Pahlow, G., and Flachowsky, G. (2004). Influence of ensiling on the DNA-degradation in isogenic and transgenic corn. Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol. 13: 112, Abstract.
    • (2004) Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol , vol.13 , pp. 112
    • Aulrich, K.1    Pahlow, G.2    Flachowsky, G.3
  • 4
    • 0032993278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformation of Escherichia coli in foodstuffs
    • Bauer, F., Hertel, C., and Hammes, W. P. (1999). Transformation of Escherichia coli in foodstuffs. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 22: 161-168.
    • (1999) Syst. Appl. Microbiol , vol.22 , pp. 161-168
    • Bauer, F.1    Hertel, C.2    Hammes, W.P.3
  • 5
    • 0344150474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of processing parameters on DNA degradation in food
    • Bauer, T., Weller, P., Hammes, W. P., and Hertel, C. (2003). The effect of processing parameters on DNA degradation in food. Eur. Food. Technol. 217: 338-343.
    • (2003) Eur. Food. Technol , vol.217 , pp. 338-343
    • Bauer, T.1    Weller, P.2    Hammes, W.P.3    Hertel, C.4
  • 6
    • 25444433141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of food components and processing parameters onDNAdegradation in food
    • Bauer, T., Hammes, W. P., Haase, N. U., and Hertel, C. (2004). Effect of food components and processing parameters onDNAdegradation in food. Environ. Biosafety Res. 3: 215-223.
    • (2004) Environ. Biosafety Res , vol.3 , pp. 215-223
    • Bauer, T.1    Hammes, W.P.2    Haase, N.U.3    Hertel, C.4
  • 7
    • 33748798242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The digestive fate of Escherichia coli glutamate dehydrogenase deoxyribonucleic acid from transgenic corn in diets fed to weanling pigs
    • Beagle, J. M., Apgar, G. A., Jones, K. L., Griswold, K. E., Radcliffe, J. S., Qiu, X., Lightfoot, D. A., and Iqbal, M. J. (2006). The digestive fate of Escherichia coli glutamate dehydrogenase deoxyribonucleic acid from transgenic corn in diets fed to weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 597-607.
    • (2006) J. Anim. Sci , vol.84 , pp. 597-607
    • Beagle, J.M.1    Apgar, G.A.2    Jones, K.L.3    Griswold, K.E.4    Radcliffe, J.S.5    Qiu, X.6    Lightfoot, D.A.7    Iqbal, M.J.8
  • 8
    • 0037682896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fate of plant DNA and novel proteins in feeds for farm livestock: A United Kingdom perspective
    • Beever, D. E. and Phipps, R. H. (2001). The fate of plant DNA and novel proteins in feeds for farm livestock: A United Kingdom perspective. J. Anim. Sci. 79 (E. Suppl.): E290-E295.
    • (2001) J. Anim. Sci , vol.79 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Beever, D.E.1    Phipps, R.H.2
  • 9
    • 1642356795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the risks associated with the use of antibiotic resistance genes in genetically modified plants: Report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
    • Bennett, P. M., Livesey, C. T., and Nathwani, D. (2004). An assessment of the risks associated with the use of antibiotic resistance genes in genetically modified plants: Report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 53: 418-431.
    • (2004) J. Antimicrob. Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 418-431
    • Bennett, P.M.1    Livesey, C.T.2    Nathwani, D.3
  • 11
    • 0345019885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for natural transformation of Bacillus subtilis in foodstuffs
    • Bräutigam, M., Hertel, C., and Hammes, W. P. (1997). Evidence for natural transformation of Bacillus subtilis in foodstuffs. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 155: 93-98.
    • (1997) FEMS Microbiol. Lett , vol.155 , pp. 93-98
    • Bräutigam, M.1    Hertel, C.2    Hammes, W.P.3
  • 12
    • 20444422730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CAC (Codex Alimentarius Commission), CAC/GL 44-2003. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization, Rome
    • CAC (Codex Alimentarius Commission) (2003a). Principles for the risk analysis of food derived from modern biotechnology. CAC/GL 44-2003. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization, Rome. http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/standards/10007/CXG044e.pdf.
    • (2003) Principles For the Risk Analysis of Food Derived From Modern Biotechnology
  • 15
  • 16
    • 35748942892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of corn silage derived from a genetically modified variety containing two transgenes on feed intake, milk production, and composition, and the absence of detectable transgenic deoxyribonucleic acid in milk in Holstein dairy cows
    • Calsamiglia, S., Hernandez, B., Hartnell, G. F., and Phipps, R. (2007). Effects of corn silage derived from a genetically modified variety containing two transgenes on feed intake, milk production, and composition, and the absence of detectable transgenic deoxyribonucleic acid in milk in Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90: 4718-4723.
    • (2007) J. Dairy Sci , vol.90 , pp. 4718-4723
    • Calsamiglia, S.1    Hernandez, B.2    Hartnell, G.F.3    Phipps, R.4
  • 18
    • 41549128147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Availability of genetically modified feed ingredient: Investigations of ingested foreign DNA in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
    • Chainark, P., Satoh, S., Hirono, I., Aoki, T., and Endo, M. (2008). Availability of genetically modified feed ingredient: Investigations of ingested foreign DNA in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish. Sci. 74: 380-390.
    • (2008) Fish. Sci , vol.74 , pp. 380-390
    • Chainark, P.1    Satoh, S.2    Hirono, I.3    Aoki, T.4    Endo, M.5
  • 19
    • 3042596928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA uptake during natural transformation
    • Chen, I. and Dubnau, D. (2004). DNA uptake during natural transformation. Nature Rev. Microbiol. 2: 241-249.
    • (2004) Nature Rev. Microbiol , vol.2 , pp. 241-249
    • Chen, I.1    Dubnau, D.2
  • 20
    • 0034666232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA stability in plant tissues: Implications for the possible transfer of genes from genetically modified food
    • Chiter, A., Forbes, J.M., and Blair, G. E. (2000). DNA stability in plant tissues: Implications for the possible transfer of genes from genetically modified food. FEBS Lett. 481: 164-168.
    • (2000) FEBS Lett , vol.481 , pp. 164-168
    • Chiter, A.1    Forbes, J.M.2    Blair, G.E.3
  • 21
    • 2342446591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of corn intrinsic and recombinant DNA fragments and Cry1Ab protein in the gastrointestinal contents of pigs fed genetically modified corn Bt11
    • Chowdhury, E. H., Kuribara, G., Hino, A., Sultana, P., Mikami, O., Shimada, N., Guruge, K. S., Saito, M., and Nakajima, Y. (2003). Detection of corn intrinsic and recombinant DNA fragments and Cry1Ab protein in the gastrointestinal contents of pigs fed genetically modified corn Bt11. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 2546-2551.
    • (2003) J. Anim. Sci , vol.81 , pp. 2546-2551
    • Chowdhury, E.H.1    Kuribara, G.2    Hino, A.3    Sultana, P.4    Mikami, O.5    Shimada, N.6    Guruge, K.S.7    Saito, M.8    Nakajima, Y.9
  • 22
    • 0037347464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of genetically modified maize DNA fragments in the intestinal contents of pigs fed StarLink CBH351
    • Chowdhury, E. H., Mikami, O., Nakajima, Y., Kuribara, M., Suga, K., Hanazumi, M., and Yomemochi, C. (2003). Detection of genetically modified maize DNA fragments in the intestinal contents of pigs fed StarLink CBH351. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 45: 95-96.
    • (2003) Vet. Hum. Toxicol , vol.45 , pp. 95-96
    • Chowdhury, E.H.1    Mikami, O.2    Nakajima, Y.3    Kuribara, M.4    Suga, K.5    Hanazumi, M.6    Yomemochi, C.7
  • 24
    • 77956403802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential methods and approaches to assess social impacts associated with food safety issues
    • Cope, S., Frewer, L. J., Renn, O., and Dreyer, M. (2010). Potential methods and approaches to assess social impacts associated with food safety issues. Food Control. 21: 1629-1637.
    • (2010) Food Control , vol.21 , pp. 1629-1637
    • Cope, S.1    Frewer, L.J.2    Renn, O.3    Dreyer, M.4
  • 25
    • 30544442658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA fragments in the blood, tissues, and digesta of broilers
    • Deaville, E. R. and Maddison, B. C. (2005). Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA fragments in the blood, tissues, and digesta of broilers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53: 10268-10275.
    • (2005) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.53 , pp. 10268-10275
    • Deaville, E.R.1    Maddison, B.C.2
  • 26
    • 0031921638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of nptII (kanamycin resistance) genes in genomes of transgenic plants by marker-rescue transformation
    • de Vries, J. and Wackernagel, W. (1998). Detection of nptII (kanamycin resistance) genes in genomes of transgenic plants by marker-rescue transformation. Mol. Gen. Genet. 257: 606-613.
    • (1998) Mol. Gen. Genet , vol.257 , pp. 606-613
    • de Vries, J.1    Wackernagel, W.2
  • 27
    • 0035916398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural transformation of the soil bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Acinetobacter sp. by transgenic plant DNA strictly depends on homologous sequences in the recipient cells
    • de Vries, J., Meier, P., and Wackernagel, W. (2001). The natural transformation of the soil bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Acinetobacter sp. by transgenic plant DNA strictly depends on homologous sequences in the recipient cells. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 195: 211-215.
    • (2001) FEMS Microbiol. Lett , vol.195 , pp. 211-215
    • de Vries, J.1    Meier, P.2    Wackernagel, W.3
  • 28
    • 14644403101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial horizontal gene transfer and the DNA release from transgenic crop plants
    • de Vries, J. and Wackernagel, W. (2004). Microbial horizontal gene transfer and the DNA release from transgenic crop plants. Plant Soil 266: 91-104.
    • (2004) Plant Soil , vol.266 , pp. 91-104
    • de Vries, J.1    Wackernagel, W.2
  • 30
    • 21544446158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the biological significance of DNA methylation
    • Doerfler, W. (2005). On the biological significance of DNA methylation. Biochem. (Moscow) 70: 505-524.
    • (2005) Biochem. (Moscow) , vol.70 , pp. 505-524
    • Doerfler, W.1
  • 32
    • 0034307859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of free DNA encoding antibiotic resistance from transgenic maize and the transformation activity of DNA in ovine saliva, ovine rumen fluid and silage effluent
    • Duggan, P. S., Chambers, P. A., Heritage, J., and Forbes, J. M. (2000). Survival of free DNA encoding antibiotic resistance from transgenic maize and the transformation activity of DNA in ovine saliva, ovine rumen fluid and silage effluent. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 191: 71-77.
    • (2000) FEMS Microbiol. Lett , vol.191 , pp. 71-77
    • Duggan, P.S.1    Chambers, P.A.2    Heritage, J.3    Forbes, J.M.4
  • 33
    • 0037321448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate of genetically modified maize DNA in the oral cavity and rumen of sheep
    • Duggan, P. S., Chambers, P. A., Heritage, J., and Forbes, J. M. (2003). Fate of genetically modified maize DNA in the oral cavity and rumen of sheep. British J. Nutr. 89: 159-166.
    • (2003) British J. Nutr , vol.89 , pp. 159-166
    • Duggan, P.S.1    Chambers, P.A.2    Heritage, J.3    Forbes, J.M.4
  • 34
    • 0003177161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC Directive 2001/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 March 2001 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms and repealing Council Directive 90/220/EEC
    • EC Directive 2001/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 March 2001 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms and repealing Council Directive 90/220/EEC. Official J. Eur. Commun. L 106: 1-39. http://europa.eu.int/eurlex/en/lif/dat/2001/en301L0018.html
    • Official J. Eur. Commun. L , vol.106 , pp. 1-39
  • 35
    • 2042526375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC Regulation 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and Council of 22 September 2003 on genetically modified food and feed
    • EC Regulation 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and Council of 22 September 2003 on genetically modified food and feed. Official J. Eur. Commun. L 268: 1-23. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/pri/en/oj/dat/2003/l268/l26820031018en00010023.pdf
    • Official J. Eur. Commun. L , vol.268 , pp. 1-23
  • 39
    • 84857415447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EFSA, And the Scientific Opinion of the GMO Panel On Consequences of the Opinion On The Use of Antibiotic Resistance Genes As Marker Genes In Genetically Modified Plants On Previous EFSA Assessments of Individual GM Plants
    • EFSA (2009). Consolidated presentation of the joint Scientific Opinion of the GMO and BIOHAZ Panels on the "Use of antibiotic resistance genes as marker genes in genetically modified plants" and the Scientific Opinion of the GMO Panel on "Consequences of the opinion on the use of antibiotic resistance genes as marker genes in genetically modified plants on previous EFSA assessments of individual GM Plants." http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/scdocs/doc/gmobiohazstej1108ConsolidatedARGsummaryen,0.pdf
    • (2009) Consolidated Presentation of the Joint Scientific Opinion of the GMO and BIOHAZ Panels On the "Use of Antibiotic Resistance Genes As Marker Genes In Genetically Modified Plants"
  • 40
    • 0001606151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fate of forage plant DNA in farm animals: A collaborative case-study investigating cattle and chicken fed recombinant plant material
    • Einspanier, R., Klotz, A., Kraft, J., Aulrich, K., Poser, R., Schwägele, F., Jahreis, G., and Flachowsky, G. (2001). The fate of forage plant DNA in farm animals: A collaborative case-study investigating cattle and chicken fed recombinant plant material. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 212: 129-134.
    • (2001) Eur. Food Res. Technol , vol.212 , pp. 129-134
    • Einspanier, R.1    Klotz, A.2    Kraft, J.3    Aulrich, K.4    Poser, R.5    Schwägele, F.6    Jahreis, G.7    Flachowsky, G.8
  • 41
    • 33749021930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety assessment of genetically modified potato spunta: Degradation of DNA in gastrointestinal tract and carryover to rat organs
    • El-Sanhoty, R. M., El-Sayed, Soliman, Abd El-Maged, A. D., and Fawzy Ramadan, M. (2006). Safety assessment of genetically modified potato spunta: Degradation of DNA in gastrointestinal tract and carryover to rat organs. J. Food Biochem. 30: 556-578.
    • (2006) J. Food Biochem , vol.30 , pp. 556-578
    • El-Sanhoty, R.M.1    El-Sayed, S.2    Abd, E.-M.A.D.3    Fawzy, R.M.4
  • 42
    • 0003432230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FAO/WHO, Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Foods Derived from Biotechnology, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland, Cited 14 Dec 2007
    • FAO/WHO (2000). Safety aspects of genetically modified foods of plant origin. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Foods Derived from Biotechnology, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland, p. 35. http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/biotech/en/ecjune2000en.pdf. Cited 14 Dec 2007.
    • (2000) Safety Aspects of Genetically Modified Foods of Plant Origin , pp. 35
  • 44
    • 0344579713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake of amplifiable fragments of retrotransposon DNA from the human alimentary tract
    • Forsman, A., Ushameckis, D., Bindra, A., Yun Z., and Blomberg, J. (2003). Uptake of amplifiable fragments of retrotransposon DNA from the human alimentary tract. Mol. Genet. Genomics 270: 362-368.
    • (2003) Mol. Genet. Genomics , vol.270 , pp. 362-368
    • Forsman, A.1    Ushameckis, D.2    Bindra, A.3    Yun, Z.4    Blomberg, J.5
  • 45
    • 25644436478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance markers in genetically modified plants: A risk to human health?
    • Gay, P. B. and Gillespie, S. H. (2005). Antibiotic resistance markers in genetically modified plants: A risk to human health? Lancet Infect. Dis. 5: 637-646.
    • (2005) Lancet Infect. Dis , vol.5 , pp. 637-646
    • Gay, P.B.1    Gillespie, S.H.2
  • 46
    • 0031977979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformation of Acinetobacter sp. strain BD413 by transgenic sugar beet DNA
    • Gebhard, F. and Smalla, K. (1998). Transformation of Acinetobacter sp. strain BD413 by transgenic sugar beet DNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 1550-1554.
    • (1998) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.64 , pp. 1550-1554
    • Gebhard, F.1    Smalla, K.2
  • 47
    • 0034487378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agrobacterium and plant genes involved in TDNA transfer and integration
    • Gelvin, S. B. (2000). Agrobacterium and plant genes involved in TDNA transfer and integration. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 51: 223-256.
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol , vol.51 , pp. 223-256
    • Gelvin, S.B.1
  • 48
    • 21244461143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human safety and genetically modified plants: A review of antibiotic resistance markers and future transformation selection technologies
    • Goldstein, D. A., Tinland, B., Gilbertson, L. A., Staub, J. M., Bannon, G. A., Goodman, R. E., McCoy, R. L., and Silvanovich, A. (2005). Human safety and genetically modified plants: A review of antibiotic resistance markers and future transformation selection technologies. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99: 7-23.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Microbiol , vol.99 , pp. 7-23
    • Goldstein, D.A.1    Tinland, B.2    Gilbertson, L.A.3    Staub, J.M.4    Bannon, G.A.5    Goodman, R.E.6    McCoy, R.L.7    Silvanovich, A.8
  • 50
    • 38049088933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate of recombinant DNA and Cry1Ab protein after ingestion and dispersal of genetically modified maize in comparison to rapeseed by fallow deer (Dama dama)
    • Guertler, P., Lutz, B., Kuehn, R., Meyer, H., Einspanier, R., Killermann, B., and Albrecht, C. (2008). Fate of recombinant DNA and Cry1Ab protein after ingestion and dispersal of genetically modified maize in comparison to rapeseed by fallow deer (Dama dama). Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 54: 36-43.
    • (2008) Eur. J. Wildl. Res , vol.54 , pp. 36-43
    • Guertler, P.1    Lutz, B.2    Kuehn, R.3    Meyer, H.4    Einspanier, R.5    Killermann, B.6    Albrecht, C.7
  • 51
    • 66149087721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive and highly specific quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA for recording a potential transfer of novel DNA and Cry1Ab protein from feed into bovine milk
    • Guertler, P., Paul, V., Albrecht, C., and Meyer, H. H. D. (2009). Sensitive and highly specific quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA for recording a potential transfer of novel DNA and Cry1Ab protein from feed into bovine milk. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 393: 1629-1638.
    • (2009) Anal. Bioanal. Chem , vol.393 , pp. 1629-1638
    • Guertler, P.1    Paul, V.2    Albrecht, C.3    Meyer, H.H.D.4
  • 52
    • 77950199727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of extracellular DNA during biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes
    • Harmsen, M., Lappann, M., Knochel, S., and Molin, S. (2010). Role of extracellular DNA during biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76: 2271-2279.
    • (2010) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.76 , pp. 2271-2279
    • Harmsen, M.1    Lappann, M.2    Knochel, S.3    Molin, S.4
  • 53
    • 4444382296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems in monitoring horizontal gene transfer in field trials of transgenic plants
    • Heinemann, J. A. and Traavik, T. (2004). Problems in monitoring horizontal gene transfer in field trials of transgenic plants. Nature Biotechnol. 22: 1105-1109.
    • (2004) Nature Biotechnol , vol.22 , pp. 1105-1109
    • Heinemann, J.A.1    Traavik, T.2
  • 55
    • 0029050539 scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal insertion of foreign (adenovirus type 12, plasmid, or bacteriophage λ) DNA is associated with enhanced methylation of cellular DNA segments
    • Heller, H., Kammer, C., Wilgenbus, P., and Doerfler, W. (1995). Chromosomal insertion of foreign (adenovirus type 12, plasmid, or bacteriophage λ) DNA is associated with enhanced methylation of cellular DNA segments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 5515-5519.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 5515-5519
    • Heller, H.1    Kammer, C.2    Wilgenbus, P.3    Doerfler, W.4
  • 56
    • 0003663046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BATS report 2/97, Agency for Biosafety Research and Assessment of Technology Impacts of the Swiss Priority Programme Biotechnology of the Swiss National Science Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
    • Hemmer, W. (2002). Foods derived from genetically modified organisms and detection methods. BATS report 2/97, Agency for Biosafety Research and Assessment of Technology Impacts of the Swiss Priority Programme Biotechnology of the Swiss National Science Foundation, Basel, Switzerland.
    • (2002) Foods Derived From Genetically Modified Organisms and Detection Methods
    • Hemmer, W.1
  • 57
    • 0023394857 scopus 로고
    • Nucleo-compounds in protein rich food
    • Herbel, W. and Montag, A. (1987). Nucleo-compounds in protein rich food. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 185: 119-122.
    • (1987) Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch , vol.185 , pp. 119-122
    • Herbel, W.1    Montag, A.2
  • 58
    • 3242671677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significant role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in hepatic uptake and degradation of naked plasmid DNA after intravenous injection
    • Hisazumi, J., Kobayashi, N., Nishikawa, M., and Takakura, Y. (2004). Significant role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in hepatic uptake and degradation of naked plasmid DNA after intravenous injection. Pharm. Res. 21: 1223-1228.
    • (2004) Pharm. Res , vol.21 , pp. 1223-1228
    • Hisazumi, J.1    Kobayashi, N.2    Nishikawa, M.3    Takakura, Y.4
  • 59
    • 0035045088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the fate of plant or other foreign genes pon the uptake in food or after intramuscolar injection in mice
    • Hohlweg, U. and Doerfler, W. (2001). On the fate of plant or other foreign genes pon the uptake in food or after intramuscolar injection in mice. Mol. Genet. Genomics. 265: 225-233.
    • (2001) Mol. Genet. Genomics , vol.265 , pp. 225-233
    • Hohlweg, U.1    Doerfler, W.2
  • 60
    • 1142294395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCR technology for screening and quantification of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
    • Holst-Jensen, A., Rønning, S. B., Løvseth, A., and Berdal, K. G. (2003). PCR technology for screening and quantification of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 375: 985-993.
    • (2003) Anal. Bioanal. Chem , vol.375 , pp. 985-993
    • Holst-Jensen, A.1    Rønning, S.B.2    Løvseth, A.3    Berdal, K.G.4
  • 61
    • 70349991410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for genetically modified organisms (GMOs): Past, present and future perspectives
    • Holst-Jensen, A. (2009). Testing for genetically modified organisms (GMOs): past, present and future perspectives. Biotechnol. Adv. 27: 1071-1082.
    • (2009) Biotechnol. Adv , vol.27 , pp. 1071-1082
    • Holst-Jensen, A.1
  • 62
    • 54649084535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of the genetic modification in heat-treated products of Bt maize by polymerase chain reaction
    • Hupfer, C., Hotzel, H., Sachse, K., and Engel, K.-H. (1998). Detection of the genetic modification in heat-treated products of Bt maize by polymerase chain reaction. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A. 206: 203-207.
    • (1998) Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A , vol.206 , pp. 203-207
    • Hupfer, C.1    Hotzel, H.2    Sachse, K.3    Engel, K.-H.4
  • 63
    • 0001118909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of ensiling on PCR-based detection of genetically modified Btmaize
    • Hupfer, C., Mayer, J., Hotzel, H., Sachse, K., and Engel, K. H. (1999). The effect of ensiling on PCR-based detection of genetically modified Btmaize. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 209: 301-304.
    • (1999) Eur. Food Res. Technol , vol.209 , pp. 301-304
    • Hupfer, C.1    Mayer, J.2    Hotzel, H.3    Sachse, K.4    Engel, K.H.5
  • 65
    • 0642337850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining whether transgenic and endogenous plant DNA and transgenic protein are detectable in muscle from swine fed Roundup Ready soybean meal
    • Jennings, J. C., Kolwyck, D. C., Kays, S. B., Whetsell, A. J., Surber, J. B., Cromwell, G. L., Lirette, R. P., and Glenn, K. C. (2003).Determining whether transgenic and endogenous plant DNA and transgenic protein are detectable in muscle from swine fed Roundup Ready soybean meal. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 1447-1455.
    • (2003) J. Anim. Sci , vol.81 , pp. 1447-1455
    • Jennings, J.C.1    Kolwyck, D.C.2    Kays, S.B.3    Whetsell, A.J.4    Surber, J.B.5    Cromwell, G.L.6    Lirette, R.P.7    Glenn, K.C.8
  • 66
    • 0038548607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attempts to detect transgenic and endogenous plant DNA and transgenic protein in muscle from broilers fed Yield Gard corn borer corn
    • Jennings, J. C., Albee, L. D., Kolwyck, D. C., Sruber, J. B., Taylor, M. L., Hartnell, G. F., Lirette, R. P., and Glenn, K. C. (2003). Attempts to detect transgenic and endogenous plant DNA and transgenic protein in muscle from broilers fed Yield Gard corn borer corn. Poult. Sci. 82: 371-380.
    • (2003) Poult. Sci , vol.82 , pp. 371-380
    • Jennings, J.C.1    Albee, L.D.2    Kolwyck, D.C.3    Sruber, J.B.4    Taylor, M.L.5    Hartnell, G.F.6    Lirette, R.P.7    Glenn, K.C.8
  • 69
    • 0036307494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from transgenic (transplastomic) tobacco plants to bacteria
    • Kay, E., Vogel, T. M., Bertolla, F., Nalin, R., and Simonet, P. (2002). In situ transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from transgenic (transplastomic) tobacco plants to bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 3345-3351.
    • (2002) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.68 , pp. 3345-3351
    • Kay, E.1    Vogel, T.M.2    Bertolla, F.3    Nalin, R.4    Simonet, P.5
  • 70
    • 0036964448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Construction of a marker rescue system in Bacillus subtilis for detection of horizontal gene transfer in food
    • Kharazmi, M., Hammes, W. P., and Hertel, C. (2002). Construction of a marker rescue system in Bacillus subtilis for detection of horizontal gene transfer in food. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 25: 471-477.
    • (2002) Syst. Appl. Microbiol , vol.25 , pp. 471-477
    • Kharazmi, M.1    Hammes, W.P.2    Hertel, C.3
  • 71
    • 0142072762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marker rescue studies of the transfer of recombinant DNA to Streptococcus gordonii in vitro, in foods, and gnotobiotic rats
    • Kharazmi, M., Sczesny, S., Blaut, M., Hammes, W. P., and Hertel, C. (2003). Marker rescue studies of the transfer of recombinant DNA to Streptococcus gordonii in vitro, in foods, and gnotobiotic rats. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 6121-6127.
    • (2003) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.69 , pp. 6121-6127
    • Kharazmi, M.1    Sczesny, S.2    Blaut, M.3    Hammes, W.P.4    Hertel, C.5
  • 72
    • 0023244634 scopus 로고
    • High-velocity microprojectiles for delivering nucleic acids into living cells
    • Klein, T. M., Wolf, E. D., Wu, R., and Sanford, J. C. (1987). High-velocity microprojectiles for delivering nucleic acids into living cells. Nature 327: 70-73.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.327 , pp. 70-73
    • Klein, T.M.1    Wolf, E.D.2    Wu, R.3    Sanford, J.C.4
  • 73
    • 0344157346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleic acid and protein elimination during the sugarmanufacturing process of conventional and transgenic sugar beets
    • Klein, J., Altenbuchner, J., and Mattes, R. (1998).Nucleic acid and protein elimination during the sugarmanufacturing process of conventional and transgenic sugar beets. J. Biotechnol. 60: 145-153.
    • (1998) J. Biotechnol , vol.60 , pp. 145-153
    • Klein, J.1    Altenbuchner, J.2    Mattes, R.3
  • 74
    • 31144456090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health considerations regarding horizontal transfer of microbial transgenes present in genetically modified crops
    • Kleter, G. A., Peijnenburg, Ad A. C. M., and Aarts, H. J. M. (2005). Health considerations regarding horizontal transfer of microbial transgenes present in genetically modified crops. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 4: 326-352.
    • (2005) J. Biomed. Biotechnol , vol.4 , pp. 326-352
    • Kleter, G.A.1    Peijnenburg, A.A.C.M.2    Aarts, H.J.M.3
  • 75
    • 0038276694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degradation and possible carry over effects of feed DNA monitored in pigs and poultry
    • Klotz, A., Mayer, J., and Einspanier, R. (2002). Degradation and possible carry over effects of feed DNA monitored in pigs and poultry. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 214: 271-275.
    • (2002) Eur. Food Res. Technol , vol.214 , pp. 271-275
    • Klotz, A.1    Mayer, J.2    Einspanier, R.3
  • 77
    • 0036917191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of DNA and RNA extraction methods for mummified tissues
    • Konomi, N., Lebwohl, E., and Zhang, D. (2002). Comparison of DNA and RNA extraction methods for mummified tissues. Mol. Cell. Probes 16: 445-451.
    • (2002) Mol. Cell. Probes , vol.16 , pp. 445-451
    • Konomi, N.1    Lebwohl, E.2    Zhang, D.3
  • 78
    • 0036219195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and their immune effects
    • Krieg, A. M. (2002). CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and their immune effects. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20: 709-760.
    • (2002) Annu. Rev. Immunol , vol.20 , pp. 709-760
    • Krieg, A.M.1
  • 79
    • 77956416586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SAFE FOODS Risk Analysis Framework suitable for GMOs? A case study
    • Kuiper, A. H. and Davies, H. V. (2010). The SAFE FOODS Risk Analysis Framework suitable for GMOs? A case study. Food Control. 21: 1662-1676.
    • (2010) Food Control , vol.21 , pp. 1662-1676
    • Kuiper, A.H.1    Davies, H.V.2
  • 80
    • 0025103083 scopus 로고
    • Nucleic-acid components in carbohydraterich food
    • Lassek, E. and Montag, A. (1990). Nucleic-acid components in carbohydraterich food. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 190: 17-21.
    • (1990) Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch , vol.190 , pp. 17-21
    • Lassek, E.1    Montag, A.2
  • 81
    • 15444374064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous uptake of biologically active recombinant DNA by mammalian cells via a selected DNA segment
    • Lehmann, M. J. and Sczakiel, G. (2005). Spontaneous uptake of biologically active recombinant DNA by mammalian cells via a selected DNA segment. Gene Ther. 12: 446-451.
    • (2005) Gene Ther , vol.12 , pp. 446-451
    • Lehmann, M.J.1    Sczakiel, G.2
  • 82
    • 0036233112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quorum-sensing signaling system essential for genetic competence in Streptococcus mutans is involved in biofilm formation
    • Li, Y. H., Tang, N., Aspiras, M. B., Lau, P. C., Lee, J. H., Ellen, R. P., and Cvitkovitch, D. G. (2002). A quorum-sensing signaling system essential for genetic competence in Streptococcus mutans is involved in biofilm formation. J. Bacteriol. 184: 2699-2708.
    • (2002) J. Bacteriol , vol.184 , pp. 2699-2708
    • Li, Y.H.1    Tang, N.2    Aspiras, M.B.3    Lau, P.C.4    Lee, J.H.5    Ellen, R.P.6    Cvitkovitch, D.G.7
  • 83
    • 0000973645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a method based on polymerase chain reaction for the detection of genetically modified organisms in various processed foodstuffs
    • Lipp, M., Bluth, A., Eyquem, F., Kruse, L., Schimmel, H., Van den Eede, G., and Anklam, E. (2001). Validation of a method based on polymerase chain reaction for the detection of genetically modified organisms in various processed foodstuffs. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 212: 497-504.
    • (2001) Eur. Food Res. Technol , vol.212 , pp. 497-504
    • Lipp, M.1    Bluth, A.2    Eyquem, F.3    Kruse, L.4    Schimmel, H.5    van den Eede, G.6    Anklam, E.7
  • 84
    • 0028136885 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial gene transfer by genetic transformation in the environment
    • Lorentz, M. G. and Wackernagel, W. (1994). Bacterial gene transfer by genetic transformation in the environment. Microbiol. Rev. 58: 563-602.
    • (1994) Microbiol. Rev , vol.58 , pp. 563-602
    • Lorentz, M.G.1    Wackernagel, W.2
  • 85
    • 33644826456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degradation of transgenic Cry1Ab DNA and protein in Bt-176 maize during the ensiling process
    • Lutz, B., Wiedemann, S., and Albrecht, C. (2006). Degradation of transgenic Cry1Ab DNA and protein in Bt-176 maize during the ensiling process. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 90: 116-123.
    • (2006) J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr , vol.90 , pp. 116-123
    • Lutz, B.1    Wiedemann, S.2    Albrecht, C.3
  • 86
    • 0033959357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barriers to genetic exchange between bacterial species: Streptococcus pneumoniae transformation
    • Majewski, J., Zawadzki, P., Pickerill, P., Cohan, F. M., and Dowson, C. G. (2000). Barriers to genetic exchange between bacterial species: Streptococcus pneumoniae transformation. J. Bacteriol. 182: 1016-1023.
    • (2000) J. Bacteriol , vol.182 , pp. 1016-1023
    • Majewski, J.1    Zawadzki, P.2    Pickerill, P.3    Cohan, F.M.4    Dowson, C.G.5
  • 87
    • 0036085043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degradation of transgenic DNA from genetically modified soya and maize in human intestinal simulations
    • Martin-Orue, S. M., O'Donnell, A. G., Arino, J., Netherwood, T., Gilbert, H. J., and Mathers, J. (2002). Degradation of transgenic DNA from genetically modified soya and maize in human intestinal simulations. Br. J. Nutr. 87: 533-542.
    • (2002) Br. J. Nutr , vol.87 , pp. 533-542
    • Martin-Orue, S.M.1    O'Donnell, A.G.2    Arino, J.3    Netherwood, T.4    Gilbert, H.J.5    Mathers, J.6
  • 88
    • 0017344255 scopus 로고
    • Degradation of DNA by nucleases in intestinal tract of rats
    • Maturin, L. and Curtiss, R. (1977). Degradation of DNA by nucleases in intestinal tract of rats. Science, New Series. 196: 216-218.
    • (1977) Science, New Series , vol.196 , pp. 216-218
    • Maturin, L.1    Curtiss, R.2
  • 89
    • 27144553444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the transfer of genetically modified DNA from feed to animal tissues
    • Mazza, R., Soave, M., Morlacchini, M., Piva, G., and Morocco, A. (2005). Assessing the transfer of genetically modified DNA from feed to animal tissues. Trans. Res. 14: 775-784.
    • (2005) Trans. Res , vol.14 , pp. 775-784
    • Mazza, R.1    Soave, M.2    Morlacchini, M.3    Piva, G.4    Morocco, A.5
  • 90
    • 0019042761 scopus 로고
    • The degradation of nucleic acids in, and the removal of breakdown products from the small intestines of steers
    • McAllan, A. B. (1980). The degradation of nucleic acids in, and the removal of breakdown products from the small intestines of steers. Br. J. Nutr. 44: 99-112.
    • (1980) Br. J. Nutr , vol.44 , pp. 99-112
    • McAllan, A.B.1
  • 91
    • 0020187285 scopus 로고
    • The fate of nucleic acids in ruminants
    • McAllan, A. B. (1982). The fate of nucleic acids in ruminants. Proc. Mutr. Soc. 41: 309-317.
    • (1982) Proc. Mutr. Soc , vol.41 , pp. 309-317
    • McAllan, A.B.1
  • 92
    • 0032909173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate of free DNA and transformation of the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii DL1 by plasmid DNA in human saliva
    • Mercer, D. K., Scott, K. P., Bruce-Johnson, W. A., Glover, L. A., and Flint, H. J. (1999). Fate of free DNA and transformation of the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii DL1 by plasmid DNA in human saliva. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 6-10.
    • (1999) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.65 , pp. 6-10
    • Mercer, D.K.1    Scott, K.P.2    Bruce-Johnson, W.A.3    Glover, L.A.4    Flint, H.J.5
  • 93
    • 0032847173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural genetic transformation in the rumen bacterium Streptococcus bovis JB1
    • Mercer, D. K., Melville, C. M., Scott, K. P., and Flint, H. J. (1999). Natural genetic transformation in the rumen bacterium Streptococcus bovis JB1. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 179: 485-490.
    • (1999) FEMS Microbiol. Lett , vol.179 , pp. 485-490
    • Mercer, D.K.1    Melville, C.M.2    Scott, K.P.3    Flint, H.J.4
  • 94
    • 0035948220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformation of an oral bacterium via chromosomal integration of free DNA in the presence of human saliva
    • Mercer, D. K., Scott, K. P., Melville, C. M., Glover, L. A., and Flint, H. J. (2001). Transformation of an oral bacterium via chromosomal integration of free DNA in the presence of human saliva. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 200: 163-167.
    • (2001) FEMS Microbiol. Lett , vol.200 , pp. 163-167
    • Mercer, D.K.1    Scott, K.P.2    Melville, C.M.3    Glover, L.A.4    Flint, H.J.5
  • 95
    • 0030257066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the quality and safety assurance of food: Detection of soya in processed meat products
    • Meyer, R., Chardonnens, F., Hubner, P., and Luthy, J. (1996). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the quality and safety assurance of food: Detection of soya in processed meat products. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A 203: 339-344.
    • (1996) Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A , vol.203 , pp. 339-344
    • Meyer, R.1    Chardonnens, F.2    Hubner, P.3    Luthy, J.4
  • 97
    • 28644431678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 35S CaMV plant virus promoter is active in human enterocyte-like cells
    • Myhre, R. M., Fenton, K. A., Eggert, J., Nielsen, K. M., and Traavik, T. (2006). The 35S CaMV plant virus promoter is active in human enterocyte-like cells. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 222: 185-193.
    • (2006) Eur. Food Res. Technol , vol.222 , pp. 185-193
    • Myhre, R.M.1    Fenton, K.A.2    Eggert, J.3    Nielsen, K.M.4    Traavik, T.5
  • 98
    • 0035958048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foreign DANN integration: Genome-wide perturbations of methylation and transcription in the recipient genomes
    • Muller, K., Heller, H., and Doerfler, W. (2001). Foreign DANN integration: Genome-wide perturbations of methylation and transcription in the recipient genomes. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 14271-14278.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem , vol.276 , pp. 14271-14278
    • Muller, K.1    Heller, H.2    Doerfler, W.3
  • 99
    • 17644384053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Events at the host-microbial interface of the gastrointestinal tract II: Role of the intestinal epithelium in pathogen-induced inflammation
    • Mumy, K. L. and McCormick, B. A. (2005). Events at the host-microbial interface of the gastrointestinal tract II: Role of the intestinal epithelium in pathogen-induced inflammation. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 288: G854-G859.
    • (2005) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol , vol.288
    • Mumy, K.L.1    McCormick, B.A.2
  • 103
    • 0031687533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horizontal gene transfer from transgenic plants to terrestrial bacteria:Arare event?
    • Nielsen, K.M., Bones, A. M., Smalla, K., and van Elsas, J. D. (1998).Horizontal gene transfer from transgenic plants to terrestrial bacteria:Arare event? FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 22: 99-103.
    • (1998) FEMS Microbiol. Rev , vol.22 , pp. 99-103
    • Nielsen, K.M.1    Bones, A.M.2    Smalla, K.3    van Elsas, J.D.4
  • 104
    • 0034059931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformation of Acinetobacter sp. strain BD413(pFG4δnptII) with transgenic plant DNA in soil microcosms and effects of kanamycin on selection of transformants
    • Nielsen, K. M., Van Elsas, J. D., and Smalla, K. (2000). Transformation of Acinetobacter sp. strain BD413(pFG4 nptII) with transgenic plant DNA in soil microcosms and effects of kanamycin on selection of transformants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 1237-1242.
    • (2000) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.66 , pp. 1237-1242
    • Nielsen, K.M.1    van Elsas, J.D.2    Smalla, K.3
  • 105
    • 4444299868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring and modeling horizontal gene transfer
    • Nielsen, K.M. and Townsend, J. P. (2004).Monitoring and modeling horizontal gene transfer. Nature Biotechnol. 22: 1110-1114.
    • (2004) Nature Biotechnol , vol.22 , pp. 1110-1114
    • Nielsen, K.M.1    Townsend, J.P.2
  • 107
    • 38949127445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unintended horizontal transfer of recombinant DNA
    • In: Biosafety First: Holistic Approaches to Risk and Uncertainty in Genetic Engineering and Genetically Modified Organisms
    • Nielsen, K. M. and Daffonchio, D. (2007). Unintended horizontal transfer of recombinant DNA. In: Biosafety First: Holistic Approaches to Risk and Uncertainty in Genetic Engineering and Genetically Modified Organisms, p. 221.
    • (2007) , pp. 221
    • Nielsen, K.M.1    Daffonchio, D.2
  • 109
    • 38949179514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of detectable DNA uptake by bacterial gut isolates grown in vitro and by Acinetobacter baylyi colonizing rodents in vivo
    • Nordgård, L., Nguyen, T., Midtvedt, T., Benno, Y., Traavik, T., and Nielsen, K. M. (2007). Lack of detectable DNA uptake by bacterial gut isolates grown in vitro and by Acinetobacter baylyi colonizing rodents in vivo. Environ. Biosafety Res. 6: 149-160.
    • (2007) Environ. Biosafety Res , vol.6 , pp. 149-160
    • Nordgård, L.1    Nguyen, T.2    Midtvedt, T.3    Benno, Y.4    Traavik, T.5    Nielsen, K.M.6
  • 111
    • 0032921241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CpG-containing oligonucleotides are efficient adjuvants for induction of protective antiviral immune responses with T-Cell peptide vaccines
    • Oxenius, A., Martinic, M. M. A., Hengartner, H., and Klenerman, P. (1999). CpG-containing oligonucleotides are efficient adjuvants for induction of protective antiviral immune responses with T-Cell peptide vaccines. J. Virol. 73: 4120-4126.
    • (1999) J. Virol , vol.73 , pp. 4120-4126
    • Oxenius, A.1    Martinic, M.M.A.2    Hengartner, H.3    Klenerman, P.4
  • 114
    • 33646530108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene transfer and Cauliflower Mosaic Virus promoter 35S activity in mammalian cells
    • Paparini, A. and Romano-Spica, V. (2006). Gene transfer and Cauliflower Mosaic Virus promoter 35S activity in mammalian cells. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B 41: 437-444.
    • (2006) J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B , vol.41 , pp. 437-444
    • Paparini, A.1    Romano-Spica, V.2
  • 115
    • 33746642152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling suggest frequency estimates are not informative for predicting the longterm effect of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria
    • Pettersen, A. K., Primicero, R., Bøhn, T., and Nielsen K. M. (2005). Modeling suggest frequency estimates are not informative for predicting the longterm effect of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. Environ. Biosafety Res. 4: 222-233.
    • (2005) Environ. Biosafety Res , vol.4 , pp. 222-233
    • Pettersen, A.K.1    Primicero, R.2    Bøhn, T.3    Nielsen, K.M.4
  • 116
    • 0036248649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of transgenic DNA in milk from cows receiving herbicide tolerant (CP4EPSPS) soyabean meal
    • Phipps, R. H., Beever, D. E., and Humphries, D. J. (2002). Detection of transgenic DNA in milk from cows receiving herbicide tolerant (CP4EPSPS) soyabean meal. Livest. Prod. Sci. 74: 269-273.
    • (2002) Livest. Prod. Sci , vol.74 , pp. 269-273
    • Phipps, R.H.1    Beever, D.E.2    Humphries, D.J.3
  • 117
    • 1642266594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA in rumen fluid, duodenal digesta, milk, blood, and feces of lactating dairy cows
    • Phipps, R. H., Deaville, E. R., and Maddison, B. C. (2003). Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA in rumen fluid, duodenal digesta, milk, blood, and feces of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86: 4070-4078.
    • (2003) J. Dairy Sci , vol.86 , pp. 4070-4078
    • Phipps, R.H.1    Deaville, E.R.2    Maddison, B.C.3
  • 118
    • 23244450276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of corn silage from an herbicide-tolerant genetically modified variety on milk production and absence of transgenic DNA in milk
    • Phipps, R. H., Jones, A. K., Tingey, A. P., and Abeyasekera, S. (2005). Effect of corn silage from an herbicide-tolerant genetically modified variety on milk production and absence of transgenic DNA in milk. J. Dairy Sci. 88: 2870-2878.
    • (2005) J. Dairy Sci , vol.88 , pp. 2870-2878
    • Phipps, R.H.1    Jones, A.K.2    Tingey, A.P.3    Abeyasekera, S.4
  • 119
    • 66249118017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual evidence of horizontal gene transfer between plant and bacteria in the phytosphere of transplastomic tobacco
    • Pontiroli, A., Rizzi, A., Simonet, P., Daffonchio, D., Vogel, T. M., Monier, J.-M. (2009).Visual evidence of horizontal gene transfer between plant and bacteria in the phytosphere of transplastomic tobacco. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 3314-3322.
    • (2009) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.75 , pp. 3314-3322
    • Pontiroli, A.1    Rizzi, A.2    Simonet, P.3    Daffonchio, D.4    Vogel, T.M.5    Monier, J.-M.6
  • 120
    • 3242664636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis
    • Rakoff-Nahoum, S., Paglino, J., Eslami-Varzaneh, F., Edberg, S., and Medzhitov, R. (2004). Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis. Cell. 118: 229-241.
    • (2004) Cell , vol.118 , pp. 229-241
    • Rakoff-Nahoum, S.1    Paglino, J.2    Eslami-Varzaneh, F.3    Edberg, S.4    Medzhitov, R.5
  • 121
    • 34247533314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biosafety and risk assessment framework for selectable marker genes in transgenic crop plants: A case of the science not supporting the politics
    • Ramessar, K., Peremarti, A., Gomez-Galera, S., Naqvi, S., Moralejo, M., Munoz, P., Capell, T., and Christou, P. (2007). Biosafety and risk assessment framework for selectable marker genes in transgenic crop plants: A case of the science not supporting the politics. Transgenic Res. 16: 261-280.
    • (2007) Transgenic Res , vol.16 , pp. 261-280
    • Ramessar, K.1    Peremarti, A.2    Gomez-Galera, S.3    Naqvi, S.4    Moralejo, M.5    Munoz, P.6    Capell, T.7    Christou, P.8
  • 122
    • 70350150370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual isolation in Acinetobacter baylyi is locus-specific and varies 10,000-fold over the genome
    • Ray, J. L., Harms, K., Wikmark, O.-G., Starikova, I., Johnsen, P. J., and Nielsen, K. M. (2009). Sexual isolation in Acinetobacter baylyi is locus-specific and varies 10,000-fold over the genome. Genetics 182: 1165-1181.
    • (2009) Genetics , vol.182 , pp. 1165-1181
    • Ray, J.L.1    Harms, K.2    Wikmark, O.-G.3    Starikova, I.4    Johnsen, P.J.5    Nielsen, K.M.6
  • 123
    • 0038057874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation on genetically modified maize (Bt-maize) in pig nutrition: Fate of feed-ingested foreign DNA in pig bodies
    • Reuter, T. and Aulrich, K. (2003). Investigation on genetically modified maize (Bt-maize) in pig nutrition: fate of feed-ingested foreign DNA in pig bodies. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 216: 185-192.
    • (2003) Eur. Food Res. Technol , vol.216 , pp. 185-192
    • Reuter, T.1    Aulrich, K.2
  • 124
    • 33747157893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of feed-ingested plant DNA fragments in a raw meat product for human consuption
    • Reuter, T., Aulrich, K., Schnäckel, W., and McAllister, T. A. (2005). Detection of feed-ingested plant DNA fragments in a raw meat product for human consuption. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 85: 541-543.
    • (2005) Can. J. Anim. Sci , vol.85 , pp. 541-543
    • Reuter, T.1    Aulrich, K.2    Schnäckel, W.3    McAllister, T.A.4
  • 126
    • 0035622160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of genetically modified Bt-maize in cooked food products by PCR
    • Rizzi, A., Agosti, F., Daffonchio, D., and Sorlini, C. (2001). Detection of genetically modified Bt-maize in cooked food products by PCR. Ital. J. Food Sci. 13: 265-273.
    • (2001) Ital. J. Food Sci , vol.13 , pp. 265-273
    • Rizzi, A.1    Agosti, F.2    Daffonchio, D.3    Sorlini, C.4
  • 130
    • 23244449865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Bt corn on broiler growth performance and fate of feedderived DNA in the digestive tract
    • Rossi, F., Morlacchini, M., Fusconi, G., Pietri, A., Mazza, R., and Piva, G. (2005). Effect of Bt corn on broiler growth performance and fate of feedderived DNA in the digestive tract. Poult. Sci. 84: 1022-1030.
    • (2005) Poult. Sci , vol.84 , pp. 1022-1030
    • Rossi, F.1    Morlacchini, M.2    Fusconi, G.3    Pietri, A.4    Mazza, R.5    Piva, G.6
  • 131
    • 3142643049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fate of transgenic sequences present in genetically modified plant products in fish feed, investigating the survival of GMsoybeanDNAfragments during feeding trials in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L
    • Sanden, M., Ian, J. B., Rahman, M. A., and Hemre, G-I. (2004). The fate of transgenic sequences present in genetically modified plant products in fish feed, investigating the survival of GMsoybeanDNAfragments during feeding trials in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Aquaculture. 237: 391-405.
    • (2004) Aquaculture , vol.237 , pp. 391-405
    • Sanden, M.1    Ian, J.B.2    Rahman, M.A.3    Hemre, G.-I.4
  • 132
    • 34250648830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular localization of dietary and naked DNA in intestinal tissue of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. using in situ hybridization
    • Sanden, M., Berntssen, M. H. G., andHemre, G.-I. (2007). Intracellular localization of dietary and naked DNA in intestinal tissue of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. using in situ hybridization. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 225: 533-543.
    • (2007) Eur. Food Res. Technol , vol.225 , pp. 533-543
    • Sanden, M.1    Berntssen, M.H.G.2    Andhemre, G.-I.3
  • 134
    • 0028296269 scopus 로고
    • Ingested foreign (phage M13) DNA survives transiently in the gastrointestinal tract and enters the bloodstream of mice
    • Schubbert, R., Lettmann, C., and Doerfler, W. (1994). Ingested foreign (phage M13) DNA survives transiently in the gastrointestinal tract and enters the bloodstream of mice. Mol. Gen. Genet. 242: 495-504.
    • (1994) Mol. Gen. Genet , vol.242 , pp. 495-504
    • Schubbert, R.1    Lettmann, C.2    Doerfler, W.3
  • 135
    • 0031029854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foreign (M13) DNA ingested by mice reaches peripheral leukocytes, spleen, and liver via the intestinal wall mucosa and can be covalently linked to mouse DNA
    • Schubbert, R., Renz, D., Schmitz, B., and Doerfler, W. (1997). Foreign (M13) DNA ingested by mice reaches peripheral leukocytes, spleen, and liver via the intestinal wall mucosa and can be covalently linked to mouse DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94: 961-966.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci , vol.94 , pp. 961-966
    • Schubbert, R.1    Renz, D.2    Schmitz, B.3    Doerfler, W.4
  • 136
    • 0031767134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the fate of food ingested foreign DNA in mice: Chromosomal associations and placental transmission to the fetus
    • Schubbert, R., Hohlweg, U., Renz, D., and Doerfler, W. (1998). On the fate of food ingested foreign DNA in mice: Chromosomal associations and placental transmission to the fetus. Mol. Gen. Genet. 259: 569-578.
    • (1998) Mol. Gen. Genet , vol.259 , pp. 569-578
    • Schubbert, R.1    Hohlweg, U.2    Renz, D.3    Doerfler, W.4
  • 137
    • 33645456338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA in digesta and tissues of sheep and pigs fed Roundup Ready canola meal
    • Sharma, R., Damgaard, D., Alexande, T. W., Dugan, M. E. R., Aalhus, J. L., Stanford, K., and McAllister, T. A. (2006). Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA in digesta and tissues of sheep and pigs fed Roundup Ready canola meal. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: 1699-1709.
    • (2006) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.54 , pp. 1699-1709
    • Sharma, R.1    Damgaard, D.2    Alexande, T.W.3    Dugan, M.E.R.4    Aalhus, J.L.5    Stanford, K.6    McAllister, T.A.7
  • 138
    • 84857380820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate of transgenic 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (Cp4 epsps)DNAfrom Roundup Ready Canola in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells
    • Sharma, R., Alexander, T. W., Mc Allister, T. A., and Bilodeau-Goeseels, S. (2007). Fate of transgenic 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (Cp4 epsps)DNAfrom Roundup Ready Canola in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Res. J. Anim. Sci. 1: 36-43.
    • (2007) Res. J. Anim. Sci , vol.1 , pp. 36-43
    • Sharma, R.1    Alexander, T.W.2    McAllister, T.A.3    Bilodeau-Goeseels, S.4
  • 139
    • 59449098638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of bacterial DNA transformation by cattle saliva: Implications for using genetically modified plants in animal feed
    • Shedova, E., Albrecht, C., Zverlov, V. V., and Schwarz, W. H. (2009). Stimulation of bacterial DNA transformation by cattle saliva: implications for using genetically modified plants in animal feed. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 3: 457-463.
    • (2009) J. Microbiol. Biotechnol , vol.3 , pp. 457-463
    • Shedova, E.1    Albrecht, C.2    Zverlov, V.V.3    Schwarz, W.H.4
  • 140
    • 75549085980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model for investigating the safety of GM feed ingredients (soya and maize); performance, stress response and uptake of dietary DNA sequences
    • Sissener, N. H., Johannessen, L. E., Hevrøy, E. M., Wiik-Nielsen, C. R., Berdal, K. G., Nordgreen, A., and Hemre, G.-I. (2010). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model for investigating the safety of GM feed ingredients (soya and maize); performance, stress response and uptake of dietary DNA sequences. British J. Nutr. 103: 3-15.
    • (2010) British J. Nutr , vol.103 , pp. 3-15
    • Sissener, N.H.1    Johannessen, L.E.2    Hevrøy, E.M.3    Wiik-Nielsen, C.R.4    Berdal, K.G.5    Nordgreen, A.6    Hemre, G.-I.7
  • 141
    • 77956415581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk assessment for foodrelated substances
    • Smith, M. R. and Konig, A. (2010). Environmental risk assessment for foodrelated substances. Food Control. 21: 1588-1600.
    • (2010) Food Control , vol.21 , pp. 1588-1600
    • Smith, M.R.1    Konig, A.2
  • 142
    • 0001956909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fate of recombinant DNA in thermally treated fermented sausages
    • Straub, J. A., Hertel, C., and Hammes, W. P. (1999a). The fate of recombinant DNA in thermally treated fermented sausages. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A. 210: 62-67.
    • (1999) Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A , vol.210 , pp. 62-67
    • Straub, J.A.1    Hertel, C.2    Hammes, W.P.3
  • 143
    • 0000955674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limits of a PCR based detection method for genetically modified soya beans in wheat bread production
    • Straub, J. A., Hertel, C., and Hammes, W. P. (1999b). Limits of a PCR based detection method for genetically modified soya beans in wheat bread production. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A. 208: 77-82.
    • (1999) Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A , vol.208 , pp. 77-82
    • Straub, J.A.1    Hertel, C.2    Hammes, W.P.3
  • 144
    • 0042862818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homology-dependant DNA transfer from plants to soil bacterium under laboratory conditions: Implications in evolution and horizontal gene transfer
    • Tepfer, D., Garcia-Gonzales, R., Mansouri, H., Seruga, M., Message, B., Leach, F., and Perica, M. C. (2003). Homology-dependant DNA transfer from plants to soil bacterium under laboratory conditions: Implications in evolution and horizontal gene transfer. Transgenic Res. 12: 425-437.
    • (2003) Transgenic Res , vol.12 , pp. 425-437
    • Tepfer, D.1    Garcia-Gonzales, R.2    Mansouri, H.3    Seruga, M.4    Message, B.5    Leach, F.6    Perica, M.C.7
  • 145
    • 16544385824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient expression in mammalian cells of transgenes transcribed from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter
    • Tepfer, M., Gaubert, S., Leroux-Coyau, M., Prince, S., and Houdebine, L. M. (2004). Transient expression in mammalian cells of transgenes transcribed from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Environ. Biosafety Res. 3: 91-97.
    • (2004) Environ. Biosafety Res , vol.3 , pp. 91-97
    • Tepfer, M.1    Gaubert, S.2    Leroux-Coyau, M.3    Prince, S.4    Houdebine, L.M.5
  • 146
    • 23944475626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of, and barriers to, horizontal gene transfer between bacteria
    • Thomas, C. M. and Nielsen, K. M. (2005). Mechanisms of, and barriers to, horizontal gene transfer between bacteria. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 3: 711-721.
    • (2005) Nat. Rev. Microbiol , vol.3 , pp. 711-721
    • Thomas, C.M.1    Nielsen, K.M.2
  • 150
    • 33645947621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetically modified soya bean in rabbit feeding: Etection of DNA fragments and evaluation of metabolic effects by enzymatic analysis
    • Tudisco, R., Lombardi, P., Bovera, F., d'Angelo, D., Cutrignelli, M. I., Mastellone, V., Terzi, V., Avallone, L., and Infascelli, F. (2006). Genetically modified soya bean in rabbit feeding: etection of DNA fragments and evaluation of metabolic effects by enzymatic analysis. Anim. Sci. 82: 193-199.
    • (2006) Anim. Sci , vol.82 , pp. 193-199
    • Tudisco, R.1    Lombardi, P.2    Bovera, F.3    d'Angelo, D.4    Cutrignelli, M.I.5    Mastellone, V.6    Terzi, V.7    Avallone, L.8    Infascelli, F.9
  • 151
    • 0043042112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time quantitative PCR detection of genetically modified Maximizer Maize and Roundup Ready Soybean in some representative foods
    • Vaïtilingom, M., Pijnenburg, H., Gendre, F., and Brignon, P. (1999). Real-time quantitative PCR detection of genetically modified Maximizer Maize and Roundup Ready Soybean in some representative foods. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47: 5261-5266.
    • (1999) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.47 , pp. 5261-5266
    • Vaïtilingom, M.1    Pijnenburg, H.2    Gendre, F.3    Brignon, P.4
  • 153
    • 0036848573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology of transfer of mobile genetic elements
    • Van Elsas, J. D. and Bailey, M. J. (2002). The ecology of transfer of mobile genetic elements. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 42: 187-197.
    • (2002) FEMS Microbiol. Ecol , vol.42 , pp. 187-197
    • van Elsas, J.D.1    Bailey, M.J.2
  • 154
    • 0142059627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of hCMV immediate early and CaMV 35S promoters in both plant and human cells
    • Vlasak, J., Smahel, M., Pavlik, A., Pavingerova, D., and Briza, J. (2003). Comparison of hCMV immediate early and CaMV 35S promoters in both plant and human cells. J. Biotechnol. 103: 197-202.
    • (2003) J. Biotechnol , vol.103 , pp. 197-202
    • Vlasak, J.1    Smahel, M.2    Pavlik, A.3    Pavingerova, D.4    Briza, J.5
  • 156
    • 0030924545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular keys to speciation: DNA polymorphism and the control of genetic exchange in enterobacteria
    • Vulic, M., Dionisio, F., Taddei, F., and Radman, M. (1997). Molecular keys to speciation: DNA polymorphism and the control of genetic exchange in enterobacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94: 9763-9767.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci , vol.94 , pp. 9763-9767
    • Vulic, M.1    Dionisio, F.2    Taddei, F.3    Radman, M.4
  • 158
    • 33748760632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ studies on the time-dependent degradation of recombinant corn DNA and protein in the bovine rumen
    • Wiedemann, S., Lutz, B., Kurtz, H., Schwarz, F. J., and Albrecht, C. (2006). In situ studies on the time-dependent degradation of recombinant corn DNA and protein in the bovine rumen. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 135-144.
    • (2006) J. Anim. Sci , vol.84 , pp. 135-144
    • Wiedemann, S.1    Lutz, B.2    Kurtz, H.3    Schwarz, F.J.4    Albrecht, C.5
  • 159
    • 64049116111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate of genetically modified maize and conventional rapeseed, and endozoochory in wild boar (Sus scrofa)
    • Wiedemann, S., Lutz, B., Albrecht, C., Kuehn, R., Killermann, B., Einspanier, R., and Meyer, H. H. D. (2009). Fate of genetically modified maize and conventional rapeseed, and endozoochory in wild boar (Sus scrofa). Mamm. Biol. 74: 191-197.
    • (2009) Mamm. Biol , vol.74 , pp. 191-197
    • Wiedemann, S.1    Lutz, B.2    Albrecht, C.3    Kuehn, R.4    Killermann, B.5    Einspanier, R.6    Meyer, H.H.D.7
  • 160
    • 1042278881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of DNA studied in different ex vivo and in vivo rat models simulating the human gut situation
    • Wilcks, A., van Hoek, A. H., Joosten, R. G., Jacobsen, B. B., and Aarts, H. J. (2004). Persistence of DNA studied in different ex vivo and in vivo rat models simulating the human gut situation. Food Chem. Toxicol. 42: 493-502.
    • (2004) Food Chem. Toxicol , vol.42 , pp. 493-502
    • Wilcks, A.1    van Hoek, A.H.2    Joosten, R.G.3    Jacobsen, B.B.4    Aarts, H.J.5
  • 161
  • 162
    • 33645937646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of naked DNA uptake and expression
    • Wolff, J. A. and Budker, V. (2005). The mechanism of naked DNA uptake and expression. Adv. Genet. 54: 3-20.
    • (2005) Adv. Genet , vol.54 , pp. 3-20
    • Wolff, J.A.1    Budker, V.2
  • 163
    • 0344530299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of transgenic corn (CBH 351, named Starlink) on health condition of dairy cows and transfer of Cry9C protein and cry9C gene to milk, blood, liver and muscle
    • Yonemochi, C., Ikeda, T., Harada, C., Kusama, T., and Hanazumi, M. (2003). Influence of transgenic corn (CBH 351, named Starlink) on health condition of dairy cows and transfer of Cry9C protein and cry9C gene to milk, blood, liver and muscle. J. Anim. Sci. 74: 1-88.
    • (2003) J. Anim. Sci , vol.74 , pp. 1-88
    • Yonemochi, C.1    Ikeda, T.2    Harada, C.3    Kusama, T.4    Hanazumi, M.5
  • 164
    • 0038297168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunostimulatory effects of plasmid DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides
    • Zelenay, S., Elías, F., and Fló, J. (2003). Immunostimulatory effects of plasmid DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides. Eur. J. Immunol. 33: 1382-1392.
    • (2003) Eur. J. Immunol , vol.33 , pp. 1382-1392
    • Zelenay, S.1    Elías, F.2    Fló, J.3
  • 165
    • 4644326860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional assessment and fate of DNA of soybean meal from roundup ready or conventional soybeans using rats
    • Zhu, Y., Li, D., Wang, F., Yin, J., and Jin, H. (2004). Nutritional assessment and fate of DNA of soybean meal from roundup ready or conventional soybeans using rats. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 58: 295-310
    • (2004) Arch. Anim. Nutr , vol.58 , pp. 295-310
    • Zhu, Y.1    Li, D.2    Wang, F.3    Yin, J.4    Jin, H.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.