Guiding our learners in reflective writing: A practical approach

Literature and Medicine

Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 355-375

  Wald, Hedy S ^a  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84857230731     PISSN: 02789671     EISSN: 10806571     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/lm.2011.0328     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Anderson, Charles M. and Marion M. MacCurdy. Writing and Healing: Toward an Informed Practice. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English, 2000.
2. Anderson, Terry A. and D. R. Garrison. "Critical Thinking in Distance Education: Developing Critical Communities in an Audio Teleconference Context." Higher Education 29 (1995): 183-99.
3. Avrahami, Einat and Shmuel Reis. "Narrative Medicine." Israel Medical Association Journal 11 (June 2009): 335-38.
4. Baruch, Jay. "Speaking the Unspeakable." In Return to the House of God: Medical Resident Education: 1978-2008, edited by Martin Kohn and Carol Conley, 182-86. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2008.
5. Bennett-Goleman, Tara. Emotional Alchemy: How the Mind Can Heal the Heart. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2001.
6. Berman, Jeffrey. Risky Writing: Self-Disclosure and Self-Transformation in the Classroom. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001.
7. Blacksher, Erica. "When Life Makes You Sick: The Social Determinants of Health and the Implications for Health Care." Ethics Night Presentation at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, January 14, 2009.
8. Boud, David, Rosemary Keogh, and David Walker, eds. Reflection: Turning Experience Into Learning. London, UK: Kogan Press, 1985.
9. Brady, Donald W., Giselle Corbie-Smith, and William T. Branch "'What's Important to You?' The Use of Narratives to Promote Self-reflection and to Understand the Experiences of Medical Residents." Annals of Internal Medicine 137, no. 3 (August 6, 2002): 220-23.
10. Branch, William T., David Kern, Jr., Paul Haidet, Peter Weissman, Catherine F. Gracey, Gary Mitchell, and Thomas Inui. "Teaching the Human Dimensions of Care in Clinical Settings." Journal of the American Medical Association 286, no. 9 (September 5, 2001): 1067-74.
11. Brooks, Michael A. "Medical Education and the Tyranny of Competency." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 52, no. 1 (Winter 2009): 90-102.
12. Charon, Rita. "Commentary on 'Creative Expressive Encounters in Health Ethics Education': Teaching Ethics as Relational Engagement.'" Teaching and Learning in Medicine 21, no. 2 (March 28, 2009): 163-65.
13. -. "Narrative Medicine," http://litsite.alaska.edu/healing/ medicine.html (accessed July 29, 2009).
14. -. Narrative Medicine: Honoring the Stories of Illness. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
15. -. "Reading, Writing and Doctoring: Literature and Medicine,"American Journal of Medicine and Sciences 319, no. 5 (May 2000): 285-91.
16. Charon, Rita, Joanne Trautmann Banks, Julia E. Connelly, Anne Hunsaker Hawkins, Kathryn Montgomery Hunter, Anne Hudson Jones, Martha Montello, and Suzanne Poirier. "Literature and Medicine: Contributions to Clinical Practice." Annals of Internal Medicine 122, no. 8 (April 15, 1995): 599-606.
17. Clark, Phillip G. "Reflecting on Reflection in Interprofessional Education: Implications for Theory and Practice." Journal of Interprofessional Care 23, no. 3 (January 2009): 213-23.
18. Cohn, Felicia G., Johanna Shapiro, Desirée A. Lie, John Boker, Frances Stephens, and Lee Ann Leung. "Interpreting Values Conflicts Experienced by Obstetrics-Gynecology Clerkship Students Using Reflective Writing." Academic Medicine 84, no. 5 (May 2009): 587-96.
19. Coulehan, Jack. "Viewpoint: Today's Professionalism: Engaging the Mind but Not the Heart." Academic Medicine 80, no. 10 (October 2005): 892-98.
20. Coulehan, Jack. "Compassionate Solidarity: Suffering, Poetry, and Medicine." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 52, no. 4 (Autumn 2009): 585-603.
21. DasGupta, Sayantani. "Narrative Humility." The Lancet 371, no. 9617 (March 2008): 980-81.
22. -. "Reading Bodies, Writing Bodies: Self-Reflection and Cultural Criticism in a Narrative Medicine Curriculum." Literature and Medicine 22, no. 2 (Fall 2003): 241-56.
23. Dobie, Sharon. Viewpoint: Reflections on a Well-Traveled Path: Self-Awareness, Mindful Practice, and Relationship-Centered Care as Foundations for Medical Education. Academic Medicine 82, no. 4 (April 2007): 422-27.
24. Engel, John D., Joseph Zarconi, Lura L. Pethel, and Sally A. Missimi, Narrative in Health Care: Healing Patients, Practitioners, Profession and Community. Abington, UK: Radcliffe Publishers, 2008.
25. Epstein, Ronald M. "Mindful Practice." Journal of the American Medical Association 282, no. 9 (September 1999): 833-39.
26. Epstein, Ronald M. and Edward M. Hundert. "Defining and Assessing Professional Competence." Journal of the American Medical Association 287, no. 2 (January 2002): 226-35.
27. Farnan, Jeanne M., John A. M. Paro, Jennifer Higa, Jay Edelson, and Vineet M. Arora. "The YouTube Generation: Implications for Medical Professionalism." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 51, no. 4 (Autumn 2008): 517-24.
28. Fiege, Angela B. "Resident Portfolio: A Tale of Two Women." Academic Emergency Medicine 13, no. 9 (September 2006): 989-90; discussion 990-92.
29. Frank, Arthur W. "Asking the Right Question About Pain: Narrative and Phronesis." Literature and Medicine 23, no. 2 (Fall 2004): 209-25.
30. Gaiser, Robert R. "The Teaching of Professionalism During Residency: Why It's Failing and a Suggestion to Improve Its Success." Anesthesia and Analgesia 108, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): 948-54.
31. Garden, Rebecca. "Expanding Clinical Empathy: An Activist's Perspective." Journal of General Internal Medicine 24, no. 1 (January 2009): 122-25.
32. Garrison, D. Randy, Terry Anderson, and Walter Archer. "Critical Inquiry in a Text-Based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education." The Internet and Higher Education 2, no. 2-3 (2000): 87-105.
33. Gracey, Catherine F., Paul Haidet, William T. Branch, Peter Weissman, David E. Kern, Gary Mitchell, Richard Frankel, and Thomas Inui. "Precepting Humanism: Strategies for Fostering the Human Dimensions of Care in Ambulatory Settings." Academic Medicine 80, no. 1 (January 2005): 21-28.
34. Haidet, Paul, David S. Hatem, Mary Lynn Fecile, Howard F. Stein, Heather-Lyn A. Haley, Barbara Kimmel, David L. Mossbarger, and Thomas S, Inui. "The Role of Relationships in the Professional Formation of Physicians: Case Report and Illustration of an Elicitation Technique." Patient Education and Counseling 72, no. 3 (September 2008): 382-87.
35. Haney, Michelle R. "Ethical Dilemmas Associated with Self-Disclosure in Student Writing." Teaching of Psychology 31, no. 3 (August 2004): 167-71.
36. Hassler, Kimberly. "Writing It Out." Magnet Attractions Magazine Lehigh Valley Hospital and Health Network. November 2007: 6-7.
37. Hatem, David and Elizabeth A. Rider."Sharing stories-narrative medicine in an evidence-based world." Patient Education and Counseling 54 (2004): 251-53.
38. Holmes, Oliver Wendell. The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table: Every Man His Own Boswell. Charleston, SC: Bibliobazaar, 2010.
39. Kleinman, Arthur. The Illness Narratives: Suffering, Healing, and the Human Condition. New York: Basic Books, 1988.
40. Kohlberg, Lawrence. The Philosophy of Moral Development: Moral Stages and the Idea of Justice, Vol. 1. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1981.
41. Krasner, Michael S., Ronald M. Epstein, Howard Beckman, Anthony L. Suchman, Benjamin Chapman, Christopher J. Mooney, and Timothy E. Quill. "Association of an Educational Program in Mindful Communication with Burnout, Empathy, and Attitudes Among Primary Care Physicians." Journal of the American Medical Association 302, no. 12 (September 23/30, 2009): 1284-93.
42. Kumagai, Arno K. "A Conceptual Framework for the Use of Illness Narratives in Medical Education." Academic Medicine 83, no. 7 (July 2008): 653-58.
43. Learman, Lee A., Amy M. Autry, and Patricia O'Sullivan. "Reliability and Validity of Reflection Exercises for Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 198, no. 4 (April 2008): 461-68.
44. Levinas, Emanuel. Ethics and Infinity: Conversations with Philippe Nemo. Translated by Richard A. Cohen. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1985.
45. Loewald, Hans. Sublimation: Inquiries into Theoretical Psychoanalysis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988.
46. Levine, Rachel B, David E. Kern, and Scott M. Wright "The Impact of Prompted Narrative Writing During Internship on Reflective Practice: A Qualitative Study." Advances in Health Sciences Education: Theory and Practice 13, no. 5 (2008): 723-33.
47. Macnaughton, Jane. "The Dangerous Practice of Empathy." The Lancet 373 no. 9679 (June 2009): 1940-41.
48. Maimonides, Moses. Moreh Nevuchim: Guide for the Perplexed. Translated by M. Friedlander. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1904.
49. Mamede, Silvia, Henk G. Schmidt, and Júlio César Penaforte. "Effects of Reflective Practice on the Accuracy of Medical Diagnoses." Medical Education 42, no. 5 (May 2008): 468-75.
50. Mann, Karen, Jill Gordon, and Anna MacLeod. "Reflection and Reflective Practice in Health Professions Education: A Systematic Review." Advances in Health Science Education: Theory and Practice 14, no. 4 (2009): 595-621.
51. Marcus, Eric R. "Empathy, Humanism, and the Professionalization Process of Medical Education." Academic Medicine 74, no. 11 (November 1999): 1211-15.
52. Mezirow, Jack. Transformative Dimensions of Adult Learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1991.
53. Morissette, Alanis. "Ironic." Jagged Little Pill. MCA Records: 1995.
54. Moulton, Carol-anne E., Glenn Regehr, Maria Mylopoulos, Helen M. MacRae. "Slowing Down When You Should: A New Model of Expert Judgment." Academic Medicine 82, no. 10 (October 2007): S109-16.
55. Nevalainen, M.K, T. Mantyranta, and K.H. Pitkala. "Facing Uncertainty as a Medical Student-A Qualitative Study of Their Reflective Learning Diaries and Writings on Specific Themes During the First Clinical Year." Patient Education and Counseling 78 no. 2 (February 2010): 218-23.
56. Novack, Dennis H., Anthony L. Suchman, William Clark, Ronald M. Epstein, Eva Najberg, and Craig Kaplan. "Calibrating the Physician: Personal Awareness and Effective Patient Care." Journal of the American Medical Association 278, no. 6 (August 13, 1997): 502-09.
57. O'Gara-Kurtis, Eileen. "Reflections on Doctoring." Brown Medicine 14 (Fall 2008): 23-27.
58. Piaget, Jean. The Moral Judgment of the Child. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1960.
59. Plack, Margaret M. and Larrie Greenberg. "The Reflective Practitioner: Reaching for Excellence in Practice." Pediatrics 116, no. 6 (December 2005): 1546-52.
60. Poirier, Suzanne. Doctors in the Making: Memoirs and Medical Education. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2009.
61. Prochaska, James O., Carlo C. DiClemente, and John C. Norcross. "In Search of How People Change: Applications to Addictive Behaviors." American Psychologist 47, no. 9 (September 1992): 1102-14.
62. Reis, Diane C. "Who Am I and Why Am I Here? Professionalism Research Through the Eyes of a Medical Student." Academic Medicine 83, no. 10 (October 2008): S111-12.
63. Reis, Shmuel P., Hedy S. Wald, Alicia D. Monroe, Jeffrey M. Borkan. "Begin the BEGAN (The Brown Educational Analysis of Narrative) - A Framework for Enhancing Educational Impact of Faculty Feedback to Students' Reflective Writing." Patient Education and Counseling 80, no. 2 (August 2010): 253-59.
64. Rogers, Russell R. "Reflection in Higher Education: A Concept Analysis." Innovative Higher Education 26, no. 1 (Fall 2001): 37-57.
65. Sandars, John. "The Use of Reflection in Medical Education: AMEE Guide No. 44." Medical Teacher 31 (2009): 685-95.
66. Scannell, Kate. "Writing for Our Lives: Physician Narratives and Medical Practice." Annals of Internal Medicine 137, no. 9 (November 5, 2002): 779-81.
67. Schiffman, Fred J. "Being There and Other Last Minute Advice." Commencement Address. Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, May 24, 2009.
68. Schön, Donald A. Educating the Reflective Practitioner. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass, 1987.
69. Shapiro, Johanna. "Walking a Mile in the Patient's Shoes: Empathy and Othering in Medical Students' Education." Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 3, no. 10 (March 12, 2008): 10.
70. Shapiro, Johanna, Jack Coulehan, Delese Wear, and Martha Montello. "Medical Humanities and Their Discontents: Definitions, Critiques, and Implications." Academic Medicine 84, no. 2 (February 2009): 192-98.
71. Shapiro, Johanna, Deborah Kasman, and Audrey Shafer, "Words and Wards: A Model of Reflective Writing and Its Uses in Medical Education." Journal of Medical Humanities 27, no. 4 (Winter 2006): 231-44.
72. Snadden, David and Mary Thomas. "The Use of Portfolio Learning in Medical Education." Medical Teacher 20, no. 3 (1998): 192-99.
73. Stern, David T. and Maxine Papadakis, "The Developing Physician - Becoming a Professional." New England Journal of Medicine 355, no. 17 (October 26, 2006): 1794-99.
74. Truten, Jack. "Word.doc and Narrative Medicine," February 19, 2007. http://writing.upenn.edu/wh/archival/documents/karlan/worddoc.php (accessed September 29, 2011).
75. Wald, Hedy S. "A Reflective Moment." Academic Medicine 84, no. 5 (May 2009): 633.
76. -. Cultivating Reflective Learners - Student Guide to Reflective Writing. Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 2008a.
77. -. Faculty manual - Providing Quality Feedback to Students' Reflective Writing: Theory and Practice. Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 2008b.
78. -. Fostering Reflective Capacity Through Reflective Writing within the Alpert Medical School Family Medicine Clerkship. Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 2009.
79. -. "I've Got Mail." Family Medicine 40, no. 6 (2008c): 393-94.
80. -. The "Parallel 'Parallel Chart'." March 8, 2010. NYU Literature, Arts, and Medicine Blog. http://medhum.med.nyu.edu/blog/?paged=2 (accessed September 29, 2011).
81. Wald, Hedy S. and Shmuel P. Reis. "A Piece of My Mind: Brew." Journal of the American Medical Association 299, no. 19 (May 21, 2008): 2255-56.
82. Wald, Hedy S., Jeffrey M. Borkan, Julie Scott Taylor, David Anthony, and Shmuel P. Reis. "Fostering and Evaluating Reflective Capacity in Medical Education: Developing the REFLECT Rubric for Assessing Reflective Writing." Academic Medicine, 2011, Nov. 18 Epub ahead of print.
83. Wald, Hedy S., Stephen W. Davis, Shmuel P. Reis, Alicia D. Monroe, and Jeffrey M. Borkan, "Reflecting on Reflections: Enhancement of Medical Education Curriculum with Structured Field Notes and Guided Feedback." Academic Medicine 84, no. 7 (July 2009): 830-37.
84. Wald, Hedy S., Shmuel P. Reis, Alicia D. Monroe, Jeffrey M. Borkan. "'The Loss of My Elderly Patient': Interactive Reflective Writing to Support Medical Students' Rites of Passage." Medical Teacher 32, no. 4 (2010): e178-84.
85. Wald, Hedy S. and Shmuel P. Reis. "Beyond the Margins: Reflective Writing and Development of Reflective Capacity in Medical Education." Journal of General Internal Medicine 25, no. 7 (July 2010): 746-49.
86. Wood, James Hunter. "Interventional Narratology: Form and Function of the Narrative Medical Write-up." Literature and Medicine 24, no. 2 (Fall 2005): 283-96.