Viewpoint: Today's professionalism: Engaging the mind but not the heart

Academic Medicine

Volumn 80, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 892-898

  Coulehan, Jack ^a  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTRUISM; COMPETENCE; COPING BEHAVIOR; CULTURAL FACTOR; CURRICULUM; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HUMAN; MEDICAL PRACTICE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SELF CONCEPT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 25444490680     PISSN: 10402446     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001888-200510000-00004     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Mencken HL. The divine afflatus. In: A Mencken Chrestomathy. New York: Vintage Books, 1949 (reissued 1982).
2. Churchill LR. Reviving a distinctive medical ethic. Hastings Cent Rep. 1989;19:28-34.
3. Jonsen A. The New Medicine and the Old Ethics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990.
4. Beauchamp TL, Childress JR. Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
5. Veatch RM. Against virtue: a deontological critique of virtue theory in medical ethics. In: Shelp EE (ed). Virtue and Medicine: Explorations in the Character of Medicine (Philosophy and Medicine series, No. 17). Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing, 1985:329-45.
6. Jonsen AR, Siegler M, Winslade WJ. Clinical Ethics. New York: Macmillan, 2002.
7. Pellegrino ED, Thomasma DC. The Virtues in Medical Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
8. Pellegrino ED. Character, virtue and self-interest in the ethics of the professions. J Contemp Health Law Policy. 1989;5:53-73.
9. Pellegrino ED. The virtuous physician and the ethics of medicine. In: Shelp EE (ed). Virtue and Medicine: Explorations in the Character of Medicine (Philosophy and Medicine series, No. 17). Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing, 1985:243-55.
10. Drane JF. Becoming a Good Doctor. The Place of Virtue and Character in Medical Ethics. Kansas City: Sheed & Ward, 1988.
11. Coles R. The Call of Stories: Teaching and the Moral Imagination. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1989.
12. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. ACGME Outcomes Project (http://www.acgme.org/Outcome/). Accessed 7 July 2005.
13. American Association of Medical Colleges. Project Professionalism, Assessment (http:// www.aamc.org/members/gea/professionalism.pdf). Accessed 7 July 2005.
14. American Board of Internal Medicine. Project Professionalism (http://www.abim.org/pdf/ profess.pdf). Accessed 7 July 2005.
15. Barry D, Cyran E, Anderson RJ. Common issues in medical professionalism: room to grow. Am J Med. 2000;108:136-42.
16. Epstein RM, Hundert EM. Defining and assessing professional competence. JAMA. 2002;287:226-35.
17. Medical Professionalism Project. Medical professionalism in the new millennium: a physicians' charter. Lancet. 2002;359:520-22.
18. American Board of Internal Medicine. Professionalism in medicine: issues and opportunities in the educational environment. Project Professionalism, p. 5 (http://www.abim.org/pdf/profess.pdf). Accessed 7 July 2005.
19. Bloom SW. The medical school as a social organization: the sources of resistance to change. Med Educ. 1989;23:228-41.
20. Hafferty FW, Franks R. The hidden curriculum, ethics teaching, and the structure of medical education. Acad Med. 1994;69: 861-71.
21. Hunnert EM, Hafferty F, Christakis D. Characteristics of the informal curriculum and trainee's ethical choices. Acad Med. 1996; 71:624-33.
22. Stephenson A, Higgs R, Sugarman. Teaching professional development in medical schools. Lancet. 2001;357:867-70.
23. Swick HM, Szenas P, Danoff D, Whitcomb ME. Teaching professionalism in undergraduate medical education. JAMA. 1999;282:830-32.
24. Wear D, Castellani B. The development of professionalism: curriculum matters. Acad Med. 2000;75:602-11.
25. Wear D. On white coats and professional development: the formal and hidden curricula. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:734-37.
26. Coulehan J, Williams PC. Professional ethics and social activism: where have we been? Where are we going? In: Wear D, Bickel J (eds). Educating Physicians: Medical Student Professional Development and Social Change. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2001:49-69.
27. Coulehan J, Williams PC. Vanquishing virtue: the impact of medical education. Acad Med. 2001;76:598-605.
28. Coulehan J, Williams PC. Conflicting professional values in medical education. Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 2003;12:7-20.
29. Rothman DJ. Medical professionalism-focusing on the real issues. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1284-86.
30. Jonsen AR. Watching the doctor. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:1531-35.
31. Inui TS. A Flag in the Wind: Educating for Professionalism in Medicine. Washington, DC: Association of American Medical Colleges, 2003.
32. O'Sullivan PS, Reckase MD, McClain T, Savidge MA, Clardy JA. Demonstration of portfolios to assess competency of residents. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2004;9:309-23.
33. Carraccio C, Englander R. Evaluating competence using a portfolio: a literature review and web-based application to the ACGME competencies. Teach Learn Med. 2004 Fall;16:381-87.
34. Jarvis RM, O'Sullivan PS, McClain T, Clardy JA. Can one portfolio measure the six ACGME general competencies? Acad Psychiatry. 2004;28:190-96.
35. Driessen E, van Tartwijk J, Vermunt JD, van der Vleuten CP. Use of portfolios in early undergraduate medical training. Med Teach. 2003 Jan;25:18-23.
36. Challis M. AMEE Medical Education Guide No. 11 (revised): portfolio-based learning and assessment in medical education. Med Teach. 1999;21:370-86.
37. Balint M. The Doctor, His Patient, and the Illness. New York: International Universities Press, 1972.
38. Novack DH, Suchman AL, Clark W, Epstein RM, Najberg E, Kaplan MD. Calibrating the physician: personal awareness and effective patient care. Working Group on Promoting Physician Personal Awareness, American Academy on Physician and Patient. JAMA. 1997;278:502-9.
39. Meier DE, Back AL, Morrison RS. The inner life of physicians and care of the seriously ill. JAMA. 2001;286:3007-14.
40. Branch WT Jr., Pels RJ, Calkins D, et al. A new educational approach for supporting the professional development of third year medical students. J Gen Intern Med. 1995;10: 691-94.
41. Branch WT Jr, Kern D, Haidet P, et al. The patient-physician relationship: teaching the human dimensions of care in clinical settings. JAMA. 2001;286:1067-74.
42. Pololi L, Frankel RM, Clay M, Jobe A. One year's experience with a program to facilitate personal and professional development in medical students using reflection groups. Educ Health. 2000;14:36-49.
43. Suchman AL, Williamson PR, Litzelman DK, Frankel RM, Mossbarger DL, Inui TS. Relationship-Centered Care Initiative Discovery Team. Toward an informal curriculum that teaches professionalism. Transforming the social environment of a medical school. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19(5 Pt2):501-4.
44. Charon R. Narrative medicine. A model for empathy, reflection, profession, and trust. JAMA. 2001;286:1897-902.
45. Morris DB. Narrative, ethics, and thinking with stories. Narrative. 2001;9:55-77.
46. Charon R. Narrative medicine: form, function, and ethics. Ann Intern Med. 2001; 134:83-87.
47. Frank AW. The Wounded Storyteller: Body, Illness, and Ethics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
48. Greenhalgh T, Hurwitz B (eds). Narrative Based Medicine: Dialogue and Discourse in Clinical Practice. London: BMJ Books, 1998.
49. Montgomery K. Doctors' Stories: The Narrative Structure of Medical Knowledge. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
50. Morris DB. Illness and Culture in the Postmodern Age. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998.
51. Bennett MJ. The Empathic Healer: An Endangered Species? New York: Academic Press, 2001.
52. Coulehan J. An alternative view: listening to patients. Lancet. 1999;354:1467-68.
53. Coulehan J. Tenderness and steadiness: Emotions in medical practice. Lit Med. 1996; 14:222-36.
54. More ES, Milligan MA (eds). The Empathic Practitioner: Empathy, Gender, and Medicine. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1994.
55. Connelly J. Emotions, ethics, and decisions in primary care. J Clin Ethics. 1998;9:225-34.
56. Bolton G. Stories at work: reflective writing for practitioners. Lancet. 1999;354:243-45.
57. DasGupta S, Charon R. Personal illness narratives: using reflective writing to teach empathy. Acad Med. 2004;79:351-56.
58. Charon R. Narrative and medicine. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:862-64.
59. Williams CM, Wilson CC, Olsen CH. Dying, death, and medical education: student voices. J Palliat Med. 2005;8:372-81.
60. Pitkala KH, Mantyranta T. Feelings related to first patient experiences in medical school. A qualitative study on students' personal portfolios. Patient Educ Couns. 2004;54: 171-77.
61. Coulehan J, Clary P. Healing the healer: poetry in palliative care. J Palliat Care. 2005;8: 382-89.
62. AMA Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. Code of Medical Ethics (http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/2512.html). Accessed 7 July 2005.
63. Elam CL, Sauer MJ, Stratton TD, Skelton J, Crocker D, Musick DW. Service learning in the medical curriculum: developing and evaluating an elective experience. Teach Learn Med. 2003;15:194-203.
64. Haq G Grosch M, Carufel-Wert D. Leadership Opportunities with Communities, the Medically Underserved, and Special Populations (LOCUS). Acad Med. 2002;77:740.
65. Albritton TA, Wagner PJ. Linking cultural competency and community service: a partnership between students, faculty, and the community. Acad Med. 2002;77:738-39.
66. Sidelinger DE, Meyer D, Blaschke GS, et al. Communities as teachers: learning to deliver culturally effective care in pediatrics. Pediatrics. 2005;115(4 suppl):1160-64.
67. Clark DL, Melillo A, Wallace D, Pierrel S, Buck DS. A multidisciplinary, learner-centered, student-run clinic for the homeless. Fam Med. 2003;35:394-97.
68. Davidson RA. Community-based education and problem solving: the Community Health Scholars Program at the University of Florida. Teach Learn Med. 2002;14:178-81.
69. O'Toole TP, Kathuria N, Mishra M, Schukart D. Teaching professionalism within a community context: perspectives from a national demonstration project. Acad Med. 2005;80:339-43.
70. Coulehan J, Williams PW, McCrary SV, Belling C. The best lack all conviction: biomedical ethics, professionalism, and social responsibility. Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 2003; 12:21-38.