The first decade and beyond of transcriptional profiling in schizophrenia

Neurobiology of Disease

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 23-36

  Sequeira, P Adolfo ^a   Martin, Maureen V ^a   Vawter, Marquis P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Allele specific expression; Bipolar disorder; Copy number variation; Gene expression; Gene based biomarker discovery; Microarray; Next generation sequencing; Psychiatry; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; GLUTAMIC ACID;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGING; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BRAIN MITOCHONDRION; BRAIN TISSUE; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENETIC RISK; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; LASER CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY; NEUROTRANSMISSION; OLIGODENDROGLIA; PH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STRESS; WHITE MATTER;

BRAIN; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; HUMANS; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 81955161247     PISSN: 09699961     EISSN: 1095953X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.03.001     Document Type: Review

References (150)

1. Akbarian S., et al. Gene expression for glutamic acid decarboxylase is reduced without loss of neurons in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1995, 52:258-266.
2. Altar C.A., et al. Deficient hippocampal neuron expression of proteasome, ubiquitin, and mitochondrial genes in multiple schizophrenia cohorts. Biol. Psychiatry 2005, 58:85-96.
3. Altar C.A., et al. Target identification for CNS diseases by transcriptional profiling. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009, 34:18-54.
4. Aoki-Suzuki M., et al. A family-based association study and gene expression analyses of netrin-G1 and -G2 genes in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 2005, 57:382-393.
5. Arion D., et al. Molecular evidence for increased expression of genes related to immune and chaperone function in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 2007, 62:711-721.
6. Arion D., et al. Infragranular gene expression disturbances in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: signature of altered neural development?. Neurobiol. Dis. 2010, 37:738-746.
7. Aston C., et al. Microarray analysis of postmortem temporal cortex from patients with schizophrenia. J. Neurosci. Res. 2004, 77:858-866.
8. Atz M., et al. Methodological considerations for gene expression profiling of human brain. J. Neurosci. Methods 2007, 163:295-309.
9. Banerjee A., et al. Neuregulin 1-erbB4 pathway in schizophrenia: from genes to an interactome. Brain Res. Bull. 2010, 83:132-139.
10. Barley K., et al. Subcortical oligodendrocyte- and astrocyte-associated gene expression in subjects with schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder. Schizophr. Res. 2009, 112:54-64.
11. Barnes M., et al. Experimental comparison and cross-validation of the Affymetrix and Illumina gene expression analysis platforms. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005, 33:5914-5923.
12. Barton A.J., et al. Pre- and postmortem influences on brain RNA. J. Neurochem. 1993, 61:1-11.
13. Bauer D., et al. Abnormal expression of glutamate transporter and transporter interacting molecules in prefrontal cortex in elderly patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2008, 104:108-120.
14. Bauer D., et al. Abnormal glycosylation of EAAT1 and EAAT2 in prefrontal cortex of elderly patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2010, 117:92-98.
15. Benes F.M., et al. Regulation of the GABA cell phenotype in hippocampus of schizophrenics and bipolars. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2007, 104:10164-10169.
16. Beneyto M., et al. Abnormal glutamate receptor expression in the medial temporal lobe in schizophrenia and mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007, 32:1888-1902.
17. Bitanihirwe B.K., et al. Glutamatergic deficits and parvalbumin-containing inhibitory neurons in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2009, 9:71.
18. Buckholtz J.W., et al. Allelic variation in RGS4 impacts functional and structural connectivity in the human brain. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:1584-1593.
19. Burke W.J., et al. Effect of pre- and postmortem variables on specific mRNA levels in human brain. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 1991, 11:37-41.
20. Camargo L.M., et al. Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 Interactome: evidence for the close connectivity of risk genes and a potential synaptic basis for schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 2007, 12:74-86.
21. Cannon T.D. Neurodevelopment and the transition from schizophrenia prodrome to schizophrenia: research imperatives. Biol. Psychiatry 2008, 64:737-738.
22. Chagnon Y.C., et al. Differential RNA expression between schizophrenic patients and controls of the dystrobrevin binding protein 1 and neuregulin 1 genes in immortalized lymphocytes. Schizophr. Res. 2008, 100:281-290.
23. Choi K.H., et al. Putative psychosis genes in the prefrontal cortex: combined analysis of gene expression microarrays. BMC Psychiatry 2008, 8:87.
24. Choi K.H., et al. Expression profiles of schizophrenia susceptibility genes during human prefrontal cortical development. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2009, 34:450-458.
25. Chong V.Z., et al. Elevated neuregulin-1 and ErbB4 protein in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients. Schizophr. Res. 2008, 100:270-280.
26. Chowdari K.V., et al. Linkage disequilibrium patterns and functional analysis of RGS4 polymorphisms in relation to schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 2008, 34:118-126.
27. Chu T.T., et al. Thalamic transcriptome screening in three psychiatric states. J. Hum. Genet. 2009, 54:665-675.
28. Colantuoni C., et al. Age-related changes in the expression of schizophrenia susceptibility genes in the human prefrontal cortex. Brain Struct. Funct. 2008, 213:255-271.
29. Conde F., et al. Local circuit neurons immunoreactive for calretinin, calbindin D-28k or parvalbumin in monkey prefrontal cortex: distribution and morphology. J. Comp. Neurol. 1994, 341:95-116.
30. Coyle P., et al. Metallothionein: the multipurpose protein. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2002, 59:627-647.
31. Ding L., Hegde A.N. Expression of RGS4 splice variants in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic and bipolar disorder patients. Biol. Psychiatry 2009, 65:541-545.
32. Dracheva S., et al. GAD67 and GAD65 mRNA and protein expression in cerebrocortical regions of elderly patients with schizophrenia. J. Neurosci. Res. 2004, 76:581-592.
33. Dracheva S., et al. mRNA expression of AMPA receptors and AMPA receptor binding proteins in the cerebral cortex of elderly schizophrenics. J. Neurosci. Res. 2005, 79:868-878.
34. Dracheva S., et al. Ionotropic glutamate receptor mRNA expression in the human thalamus: absence of change in schizophrenia. Brain Res. 2008, 1214:23-34.
35. Duncan C.E., et al. Prefrontal GABA(A) receptor alpha-subunit expression in normal postnatal human development and schizophrenia. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2010, 44:673-681.
36. Eastwood S.L., et al. The axonal chemorepellant semaphorin 3A is increased in the cerebellum in schizophrenia and may contribute to its synaptic pathology. Mol. Psychiatry 2003, 8:148-155.
37. Eggan S.M., et al. Reduced cortical cannabinoid 1 receptor messenger RNA and protein expression in schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2008, 65:772-784.
38. Elashoff M., et al. Meta-analysis of 12 genomic studies in bipolar disorder. J. Mol. Neurosci. 2007, 31:221-243.
39. Emilsson L., et al. Low mRNA levels of RGS4 splice variants in Alzheimer's disease: association between a rare haplotype and decreased mRNA expression. Synapse 2006, 59:173-176.
40. Erraji-Benchekroun L., et al. Molecular aging in human prefrontal cortex is selective and continuous throughout adult life. Biol. Psychiatry 2005, 57:549-558.
41. Funk A.J., et al. Decreased expression of NMDA receptor-associated proteins in frontal cortex of elderly patients with schizophrenia. Neuroreport 2009, 20:1019-1022.
42. Galfalvy H.C., et al. Sex genes for genomic analysis in human brain: internal controls for comparison of probe level data extraction. BMC Bioinform. 2003, 4:37.
43. Glatt S.J., et al. Comparative gene expression analysis of blood and brain provides concurrent validation of SELENBP1 up-regulation in schizophrenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2005, 102:15533-15538.
44. Guidotti A., et al. Decrease in reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase67 (GAD67) expression in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a postmortem brain study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2000, 57:1061-1069.
45. Guo A.Y., et al. The dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 gene: features and networks. Mol. Psychiatry 2009, 14:18-29.
46. Hakak Y., et al. Genome-wide expression analysis reveals dysregulation of myelination-related genes in chronic schizophrenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001, 98:4746-4751.
47. Halim N.D., et al. Increased lactate levels and reduced pH in postmortem brains of schizophrenics: medication confounds. J. Neurosci. Methods 2008, 169:208-213.
48. Hammond J.C., et al. Evidence for abnormal forward trafficking of AMPA receptors in frontal cortex of elderly patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010, 35:2110-2119.
49. Haroutunian V., et al. The human homolog of the QKI gene affected in the severe dysmyelination "quaking" mouse phenotype: downregulated in multiple brain regions in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 2006, 163:1834-1837.
50. Haroutunian V., et al. Variations in oligodendrocyte-related gene expression across multiple cortical regions: implications for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007, 10:565-573.
51. Harris L.W., et al. The cerebral microvasculature in schizophrenia: a laser capture microdissection study. PLoS ONE 2008, 3:e3964.
52. Harris L.W., et al. Gene expression in the prefrontal cortex during adolescence: implications for the onset of schizophrenia. BMC Med. Genomics 2009, 2:28.
53. Harrison P.J., et al. The relative importance of premortem acidosis and postmortem interval for human brain gene expression studies: selective mRNA vulnerability and comparison with their encoded proteins. Neurosci. Lett. 1995, 200:151-154.
54. Hashimoto T., et al. Gene expression deficits in a subclass of GABA neurons in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:6315-6326.
55. Hashimoto T., et al. Alterations in GABA-related transcriptome in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 2008, 13:147-161.
56. Hemby S.E., et al. Gene expression profile for schizophrenia: discrete neuron transcription patterns in the entorhinal cortex. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2002, 59:631-640.
57. Hidalgo J., et al. Roles of the metallothionein family of proteins in the central nervous system. Brain Res. Bull. 2001, 55:133-145.
58. Huffaker S.J., et al. A primate-specific, brain isoform of KCNH2 affects cortical physiology, cognition, neuronal repolarization and risk of schizophrenia. Nat. Med. 2009, 15:509-518.
59. Impagnatiello F., et al. A decrease of reelin expression as a putative vulnerability factor in schizophrenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1998, 95:15718-15723.
60. Ishiguro H., et al. RGS4 is not a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia in Japanese: association study in a large case-control population. Schizophr. Res. 2007, 89:161-164.
61. Iwamoto K., et al. Altered expression of mitochondria-related genes in postmortem brains of patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, as revealed by large-scale DNA microarray analysis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2005, 14:241-253.
62. Johnson S.A., et al. Extensive postmortem stability of RNA from rat and human brain. J. Neurosci. Res. 1986, 16:267-280.
63. Karam C.S., et al. Signaling pathways in schizophrenia: emerging targets and therapeutic strategies. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2010, 31:381-390.
64. Katsel P., et al. Variations in differential gene expression patterns across multiple brain regions in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2005, 77:241-252.
65. Katsel P., et al. Variations in myelin and oligodendrocyte-related gene expression across multiple brain regions in schizophrenia: a gene ontology study. Schizophr. Res. 2005, 79:157-173.
66. Katsel P., et al. Abnormal indices of cell cycle activity in schizophrenia and their potential association with oligodendrocytes. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008, 33:2993-3009.
67. Kerns D., et al. Gene expression abnormalities and oligodendrocyte deficits in the internal capsule in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2010, 120:150-158.
68. Khaitovich P., et al. Metabolic changes in schizophrenia and human brain evolution. Genome Biol. 2008, 9:R124.
69. Kim S., Webster M.J. Correlation analysis between genome-wide expression profiles and cytoarchitectural abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex of psychiatric disorders. Mol. Psychiatry 2010, 15:326-336.
70. Kim S., Webster M.J. The stanley neuropathology consortium integrative database: a novel, web-based tool for exploring neuropathological markers in psychiatric disorders and the biological processes associated with abnormalities of those markers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010, 35:473-482.
71. Kim S., et al. Suicide candidate genes associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: an exploratory gene expression profiling analysis of post-mortem prefrontal cortex. BMC Genomics 2007, 8:413.
72. Kirov G., et al. Strong evidence for association between the dystrobrevin binding protein 1 gene (DTNBP1) and schizophrenia in 488 parent-offspring trios from Bulgaria. Biol. Psychiatry 2004, 55:971-975.
73. Kobayashi H., et al. Stability of messenger RNA in postmortem human brains and construction of human brain cDNA libraries. J. Mol. Neurosci. 1990, 2:29-34.
74. Kristiansen L.V., et al. Changes in NMDA receptor subunits and interacting PSD proteins in dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex indicate abnormal regional expression in schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 2006, 11(737-47):705.
75. Kristiansen L.V., et al. Expression of the NR2B-NMDA receptor trafficking complex in prefrontal cortex from a group of elderly patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2010, 119:198-209.
76. Kristiansen L.V., et al. Expression of the NR2B-NMDA receptor subunit and its Tbr-1/CINAP regulatory proteins in postmortem brain suggest altered receptor processing in schizophrenia. Synapse 2010, 64:495-502.
77. Kurian S.M., et al. Identification of blood biomarkers for psychosis using convergent functional genomics. Mol. Psychiatry 2009, 16:37-58.
78. Kuzman M.R., et al. Genome-wide expression analysis of peripheral blood identifies candidate biomarkers for schizophrenia. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2009, 43:1073-1077.
79. Law A.J., et al. Neuregulin 1 transcripts are differentially expressed in schizophrenia and regulated by 5' SNPs associated with the disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2006, 103:6747-6752.
80. Leonard S., et al. Biological stability of mRNA isolated from human postmortem brain collections. Biol. Psychiatry 1993, 33:456-466.
81. Lewis D.A., et al. Altered cortical glutamate neurotransmission in schizophrenia: evidence from morphological studies of pyramidal neurons. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2003, 1003:102-112.
82. Li J.Z., et al. Systematic changes in gene expression in postmortem human brains associated with tissue pH and terminal medical conditions. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2004, 13:609-616.
83. Li J.Z., et al. Systemic changes in gene expression in postmortem human brains associated with tissue pH and terminal medical conditions. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2004, 13:609-616.
84. Li J.Z., et al. Sample matching by inferred agonal stress in gene expression analyses of the brain. BMC Genomics 2007, 8:336.
85. Lockhart D., et al. Expression monitoring by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Nat. Biotechnol. 1996, 1438:1675-1680.
86. Martin M.V., et al. Exon expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines from subjects with schizophrenia before and after glucose deprivation. BMC Med. Genomics 2009, 2:62.
87. Mathew S.V., et al. Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA expression and binding in postmortem human brain are associated with genetic variation in neuregulin 1. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2007, 16:2921-2932.
88. Maycox P.R., et al. Analysis of gene expression in two large schizophrenia cohorts identifies multiple changes associated with nerve terminal function. Mol. Psychiatry 2009, 14:1083-1094.
89. McCullumsmith R.E., et al. Decreased NR1, NR2A, and SAP102 transcript expression in the hippocampus in bipolar disorder. Brain Res. 2007, 1127:108-118.
90. Mexal S., et al. Differential modulation of gene expression in the NMDA postsynaptic density of schizophrenic and control smokers. Mol. Brain Res. 2005, 139:317-332.
91. Mexal S., et al. Brain pH has a significant impact on human postmortem hippocampal gene expression profiles. Brain Res. 2006, 1106:1-11.
92. Middleton F.A., et al. Gene expression profiling reveals alterations of specific metabolic pathways in schizophrenia. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:2718-2729.
93. Middleton F.A., et al. Gene expression analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes from discordant sib-pairs with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder reveals points of convergence between genetic and functional genomic approaches. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2005, 136B:12-25.
94. Middleton F.A., et al. Altered expression of 14-3-3 genes in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005, 30:974-983.
95. Mimmack M.L., et al. Gene expression analysis in schizophrenia: reproducible up-regulation of several members of the apolipoprotein L family located in a high-susceptibility locus for schizophrenia on chromosome 22. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2002, 99:4680-4685.
96. Mirnics K., et al. Molecular characterization of schizophrenia viewed by microarray analysis of gene expression in prefrontal cortex. Neuron 2000, 28:53-67.
97. Mirnics K., et al. Disease-specific changes in regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) expression in schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 2001, 6:293-301.
98. Mistry M., Pavlidis P. A cross-laboratory comparison of expression profiling data from normal human postmortem brain. Neuroscience 2010, 167:384-395.
99. Mitkus S.N., et al. Expression of oligodendrocyte-associated genes in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2008, 98:129-138.
100. Munakata K., et al. Mitochondrial DNA 3243A>G mutation and increased expression of LARS2 gene in the brains of patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 2005, 57:525-532.
101. Narayan S., et al. Molecular profiles of schizophrenia in the CNS at different stages of illness. Brain Res. 2008, 1239:235-248.
102. Narayan S., et al. Evidence for disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in schizophrenia. J. Neurosci. Res. 2009, 87:278-288.
103. Nimgaonkar A., et al. Reproducibility of gene expression across generations of Affymetrix microarrays. BMC Bioinform. 2003, 4:27.
104. Numata S., et al. Gene expression in the peripheral leukocytes and association analysis of PDLIM5 gene in schizophrenia. Neurosci. Lett. 2007, 415:28-33.
105. Ohtsuki T., et al. Association of polymorphisms in the haplotype block spanning the alternatively spliced exons of the NTNG1 gene at 1p13.3 with schizophrenia in Japanese populations. Neurosci. Lett. 2008, 435:194-197.
106. Oni-Orisan A., et al. Altered vesicular glutamate transporter expression in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 2008, 63:766-775.
107. Perl O., et al. The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in schizophrenia: decreased mRNA levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes. FASEB J. 2003, 17:1948-1950.
108. Perrett C.W., et al. Characterisation of messenger RNA extracted post-mortem from the brains of schizophrenic, depressed and control subjects. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1988, 51:325-331.
109. Perry E.K., et al. The influence of agonal status on some neurochemical activities of postmortem human brain tissue. Neurosci. Lett. 1982, 29:303-307.
110. Prabakaran S., et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia: evidence for compromised brain metabolism and oxidative stress. Mol. Psychiatry 2004, 9(684-97):643.
111. Preece P., Cairns N.J. Quantifying mRNA in postmortem human brain: influence of gender, age at death, postmortem interval, brain pH, agonal state and inter-lobe mRNA variance. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 2003, 118:60-71.
112. Rapoport J.L., et al. The neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: update 2005. Mol. Psychiatry 2005, 10:434-449.
113. Rethelyi J.M., et al. Association study of NRG1, DTNBP1, RGS4, G72/G30, and PIP5K2A with schizophrenia and symptom severity in a Hungarian sample. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2010, 153B:792-801.
114. Rollins B., et al. Mitochondrial variants in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. PLoS ONE 2009, 4:e4913.
115. Rollins B., et al. Analysis of whole genome biomarker expression in blood and brain. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2010, 153B:919-936.
116. Saetre P., et al. Inflammation-related genes up-regulated in schizophrenia brains. BMC Psychiatry 2007, 7:46.
117. Schena M., et al. Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science 1995, 270:467-470.
118. Shao L., Vawter M.P. Shared gene expression alterations in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 2008, 64:89-97.
119. Shao L., et al. Mitochondrial involvement in psychiatric disorders. Ann. Med. 2008, 40:281-295.
120. Shi L., et al. The MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC) project shows inter- and intraplatform reproducibility of gene expression measurements. Nat. Biotechnol. 2006, 24:1151-1161.
121. Slonimsky A., et al. Lymphoblast and brain expression of AHI1 and the novel primate-specific gene, C6orf217, in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr. Res. 2010, 120:159-166.
122. Sokolov B.P. Oligodendroglial abnormalities in schizophrenia, mood disorders and substance abuse. Comorbidity, shared traits, or molecular phenocopies?. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007, 10:547-555.
123. Spielman R.S., et al. Common genetic variants account for differences in gene expression among ethnic groups. Nat. Genet. 2007, 39:226-231.
124. Straub R.E., et al. Allelic variation in GAD1 (GAD67) is associated with schizophrenia and influences cortical function and gene expression. Mol. Psychiatry 2007, 12:854-869.
125. Stuart Gibbons A., et al. Regulator of G-protein signalling 4 expression is not altered in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 2008, 42:740-745.
126. Sugai T., et al. Prefrontal abnormality of schizophrenia revealed by DNA microarray: impact on glial and neurotrophic gene expression. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2004, 1025:84-91.
127. Suzuki K., et al. Decreased expression of reelin receptor VLDLR in peripheral lymphocytes of drug-naive schizophrenic patients. Schizophr. Res. 2008, 98:148-156.
128. Takahashi M., et al. Diagnostic classification of schizophrenia by neural network analysis of blood-based gene expression signatures. Schizophr. Res. 2010, 119:210-218.
129. Tkachev D., et al. Oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Lancet 2003, 362:798-805.
130. Tkachev D., et al. Oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Lancet 2003, 362:798-805.
131. Tomita H., et al. Effect of agonal and postmortem factors on gene expression profile: quality control in microarray analyses of postmortem human brain. Biol. Psychiatry 2004, 55:346-352.
132. Torkamani A., et al. Coexpression network analysis of neural tissue reveals perturbations in developmental processes in schizophrenia. Genome Res. 2010, 20:403-412.
133. Torrey E.F., et al. The stanley foundation brain collection and neuropathology consortium. Schizophr. Res. 2000, 44:151-155.
134. Tsuang M.T., et al. Assessing the validity of blood-based gene expression profiles for the classification of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a preliminary report. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2005, 133:1-5.
135. Uezato A., et al. Vesicular glutamate transporter mRNA expression in the medial temporal lobe in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Bipolar Disord. 2009, 11:711-725.
136. van den Oord E.J., et al. Identification of a high-risk haplotype for the dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene in the Irish study of high-density schizophrenia families. Mol. Psychiatry 2003, 8:499-510.
137. Vawter M.P., et al. Application of cDNA microarrays to examine gene expression differences in schizophrenia. Brain Res. Bull. 2001, 55:641-650.
138. Vawter M.P., et al. Microarray analysis of gene expression in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: a preliminary study. Schizophr. Res. 2002, 58:11-20.
139. Vawter M.P., et al. Gender-specific gene expression in post-mortem human brain: localization to sex chromosomes. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004, 29:373-384.
140. Vawter M.P., et al. Microarray screening of lymphocyte gene expression differences in a multiplex schizophrenia pedigree. Schizophr. Res. 2004, 67:41-52.
141. Vawter M.P., et al. Mitochondrial-related gene expression changes are sensitive to agonal-pH state: implications for brain disorders. Mol. Psychiatry 2006, 11(615):663-679.
142. Vawter M.P., et al. Genome scans and gene expression microarrays converge to identify gene regulatory loci relevant in schizophrenia. Hum. Genet. 2006, 119:558-570.
143. Vilella E., et al. Association of schizophrenia with DTNBP1 but not with DAO, DAOA, NRG1 and RGS4 nor their genetic interaction. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2008, 42:278-288.
144. Vogel M., et al. Decreased levels of dopamine D3 receptor mRNA in schizophrenic and bipolar patients. Neuropsychobiology 2004, 50:305-310.
145. Weis S., et al. Quality control for microarray analysis of human brain samples: the impact of postmortem factors, RNA characteristics, and histopathology. J. Neurosci. Methods 2007, 165:198-209.
146. Wester P., et al. Agonal status affects the metabolic activity of nerve endings isolated from postmortem human brain. Neurochem. Pathol. 1985, 3:169-180.
147. Williams N.M., et al. Identification in 2 independent samples of a novel schizophrenia risk haplotype of the dystrobrevin binding protein gene (DTNBP1). Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2004, 61:336-344.
148. Yang C.Y., et al. PhosphoPOINT: a comprehensive human kinase interactome and phospho-protein database. Bioinformatics 2008, 24:i14-i20.
149. Zhang H.X., et al. Explorative study on the expression of neuregulin-1 gene in peripheral blood of schizophrenia. Neurosci. Lett. 2008, 438:1-5.
150. Zvara A., et al. Over-expression of dopamine D2 receptor and inwardly rectifying potassium channel genes in drug-naive schizophrenic peripheral blood lymphocytes as potential diagnostic markers. Dis. Markers 2005, 21:61-69.