Sphingolipid metabolism, oxidant signaling, and contractile function of skeletal muscle

Antioxidants and Redox Signaling

Volumn 15, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 2501-2517

  Nikolova Karakashian, Mariana N ^a   Reid, Michael B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CERAMIDE; GLYCOSPHINGOLIPID; OXIDIZING AGENT; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SPHINGOLIPID; SPHINGOMYELIN; SPHINGOSINE 1 PHOSPHATE; SPHINGOSINE 1 PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR;

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CYTOLOGY; EXCITATION CONTRACTION COUPLING; FATIGUE; LIPID DEGRADATION; LIPID METABOLISM; LIPOGENESIS; MUSCLE CELL; MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY; MUSCLE FUNCTION; MUSCLE METABOLISM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPHINGOLIPIDS;

EID: 80052982811     PISSN: 15230864     EISSN: 15577716     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3940     Document Type: Review

References (127)

1. Adam D, Wiegmann K, Adam-Klages S, Ruff A, and Kronke M. A novel cytoplasmic domain of the p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor initiates the neutral sphingomyelinase pathway. J Biol Chem 271: 14617-14622, 1996. (Pubitemid 26190369)
2. Adamy C, Mulder P, Khouzami L, Andrieu-abadie N, Defer N, Candiani G, Pavoine C, Caramelle P, Souktani R, Le Corvoisier P, Perier M, Kirsch M, Damy T, Berdeaux A, Levade T, Thuillez C, Hittinger L, and Pecker F. Neutral sphingomyelinase inhibition participates to the benefits of N-acetylcysteine treatment in post-myocardial infarction failing heart rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 43: 344-353, 2007. (Pubitemid 47301939)
3. Adibhatla RM and Hatcher JF. Altered lipid metabolism in brain injury and disorders. Subcell Biochem 49: 241-268, 2008.
4. Allen DG, Lamb GD, and Westerblad H. Impaired calcium release during fatigue. J Appl Physiol 104: 296-305, 2008.
5. Amtmann E, Baader W, and Zoller M. Neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor C11AG prevents lipopolysaccharideinduced macrophage activation. Drugs Exp Clin Res 29: 5-13, 2003. (Pubitemid 36818531)
6. Anastasia L, Papini N, Colazzo F, Palazzolo G, Tringali C, Dileo L, Piccoli M, Conforti E, Sitzia C, Monti E, Sampaolesi M, Tettamanti G, and Venerando B. NEU3 sialidase strictly modulates GM3 levels in skeletal myoblasts C2C12 thus favoring their differentiation and protecting them from apoptosis. J Biol Chem 283: 36265-36271, 2008.
7. Andrieu-Abadie N, Gouaze V, Salvayre R, and Levade T. Ceramide in apoptosis signaling: relationship with oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 31: 717-728, 2001. (Pubitemid 32835252)
8. Ayasolla K, Khan M, Singh AK, and Singh I. Inflammatory mediator and beta-amyloid (25-35)-induced ceramide generation and iNOS expression are inhibited by vitamin E. Free Radic Biol Med 37: 325-338, 2004. (Pubitemid 38833999)
9. Bello RI, Gomez-Diaz C, Buron MI, Alcain FJ, Navas P, and Villalba JM. Enhanced anti-oxidant protection of liver membranes in long-lived rats fed on a coenzyme Q10-supplemented diet. Exp Gerontol 40: 694-706, 2005. (Pubitemid 41265820)
10. Bencini C, Squecco R, Piperio C, Formigli L, Meacci E, Nosi D, Tiribilli B, Vassalli M, Quercioli F, Bruni P, Zecchi Orlandini S, and Francini F. Effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate on excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian skeletal muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 24: 539-554, 2003. (Pubitemid 38141880)
11. Blachnio-Zabielska A, Baranowski M, Zabielski P, and Gorski J. Effect of exercise duration on the key pathways of ceramide metabolism in rat skeletal muscles. J Cell Biochem 105: 776-784, 2008.
12. Blachnio-Zabielska A, Baranowski M, Zabielski P, and Gorski J. Effect of high fat diet enriched with unsaturated and diet rich in saturated fatty acids on sphingolipid metabolism in rat skeletal muscle. J Cell Physiol 225: 786-791, 2010.
13. Borchman D, Simon R, and Bicknell-Brown E. Variation in the lipid composition of rabbit muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane with muscle type. J Biol Chem 257: 14136-14139, 1982. (Pubitemid 13139750)
14. Bruni P and Donati C. Pleiotropic effects of sphingolipids in skeletal muscle. Cell Mol Life Sci 65: 3725-3736, 2008.
15. Caballero F, Fernandez A, Matias N, Martinez L, Fucho R, Elena M, Caballeria J, Morales A, Fernandez-Checa JC, and Garcia-Ruiz C. Specific contribution of methionine and choline in nutritional nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: impact on mitochondrial S-adenosyl-L-methionine and glutathione. J Biol Chem 285: 18528-18536, 2010.
16. Carpinteiro A, Dumitru C, Schenck M, and Gulbins E. Ceramide-induced cell death in malignant cells. Cancer Lett 264: 1-10, 2008.
17. Castillo SS, Levy M, Thaikoottathil JV, and Goldkorn T. Reactive nitrogen and oxygen species activate different sphingomyelinases to induce apoptosis in airway epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res 313: 2680-2686, 2007. (Pubitemid 46977336)
18. Cavalli AL, O'Brien NW, Barlow SB, Betto R, Glembotski CC, Palade PT, and Sabbadini RA. Expression and functional characterization of SCaMPER: a sphingolipidmodulated calcium channel of cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 284: C780-C790, 2003. (Pubitemid 36237530)
19. Cencetti F, Bernacchioni C, Nincheri P, Donati C, and Bruni P. Transforming growth factor-beta1 induces transdifferentiation of myoblasts into myofibroblasts via up-regulation of sphingosine kinase-1/S1P3 axis. Mol Biol Cell 21: 1111-1124, 2010.
20. Chalfant CE, Kishikawa K, Bielawska A, and Hannun YA. Analysis of ceramide-activated protein phosphatases. Methods Enzymol 312: 420-428, 2000.
21. Cho YH, Lee CH, and Kim SG. Potentiation of lipopolysaccharide-inducible cyclooxygenase 2 expression by C2-ceramide via c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated activation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta in macrophages. Mol Pharmacol 63: 512-523, 2003. (Pubitemid 36297320)
22. Cowart LA. A novel role for sphingolipid metabolism in oxidant-mediated skeletal muscle fatigue. Focus on "Sphingomyelinase stimulates oxidant signaling to weaken skeletal muscle and promote fatigue." Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 299: C549-C551, 2010.
23. Cutler RG, Kelly J, Storie K, Pedersen WA, Tammara A, Hatanpaa K, Troncoso JC, and Mattson MP. Involvement of oxidative stress-induced abnormalities in ceramide and cholesterol metabolism in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 2070-2075, 2004. (Pubitemid 38229016)
24. Dalla Libera L, Sabbadini R, Renken C, Ravara B, Sandri M, Betto R, Angelini A, and Vescovo G. Apoptosis in the skeletal muscle of rats with heart failure is associated with increased serum levels of TNF-alpha and sphingosine. J Mol Cell Cardiol 33: 1871-1878, 2001. (Pubitemid 32977139)
25. Dalla Libera L, Vescovo G, and Volterrani M. Physiological basis for contractile dysfunction in heart failure. Curr Pharm Des 14: 2572-2581, 2008.
26. Danieli-Betto D, Germinario E, Esposito A, Megighian A, Midrio M, Ravara B, Damiani E, Libera LD, Sabbadini RA, and Betto R. Sphingosine 1-phosphate protects mouse extensor digitorum longus skeletal muscle during fatigue. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 288: C1367-C1373, 2005. (Pubitemid 40991073)
27. Danieli-Betto D, Peron S, Germinario E, Zanin M, Sorci G, Franzoso S, Sandona D, and Betto R. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling is involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 298: C550-C558, 2010.
28. De Palma C, Meacci E, Perrotta C, Bruni P, and Clementi E. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation by tumor necrosis factor {alpha} through neutral sphingomyelinase 2, sphingosine kinase 1, and sphingosine 1 phosphate receptors: a novel pathway relevant to the pathophysiology of endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26: 99-105, 2006. (Pubitemid 43732234)
29. Dobrzyn A and Gorski J. Ceramides and sphingomyelins in skeletal muscles of the rat: content and composition. Effect of prolonged exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282: E277-E285, 2002. (Pubitemid 34654797)
30. Dobrzyn A and Gorski J. Effect of acute exercise on the content of free sphinganine and sphingosine in different skeletal muscle types of the rat. Horm Metab Res 34: 523-529, 2002. (Pubitemid 35192240)
31. Doehner W, Bunck AC, Rauchhaus M, von Haehling S, Brunkhorst FM, Cicoira M, Tschope C, Ponikowski P, Claus RA, and Anker SD. Secretory sphingomyelinase is upregulated in chronic heart failure: a second messenger system of immune activation relates to body composition, muscular functional capacity, and peripheral blood flow. Eur Heart J 28: 821-828, 2007. (Pubitemid 47343591)
32. Donati C, Meacci E, Nuti F, Becciolini L, Farnararo M, and Bruni P. Sphingosine 1-phosphate regulates myogenic differentiation: a major role for S1P2 receptor. FASEB J 19: 449-451, 2005. (Pubitemid 40316546)
33. Dumitru CA, Zhang Y, Li X, and Gulbins E. Ceramide: a novel player in reactive oxygen species-induced signaling? Antioxid Redox Signal 9: 1535-1540, 2007. (Pubitemid 47255029)
34. Dyntar D, Eppenberger-Eberhardt M, Maedler K, Pruschy M, Eppenberger HM, Spinas GA, and Donath MY. Glucose and palmitic acid induce degeneration of myofibrils and modulate apoptosis in rat adult cardiomyocytes. Diabetes 50: 2105-2113, 2001. (Pubitemid 33643679)
35. El Bawab S, Roddy P, Qian T, Bielawska A, Lemasters JJ, and Hannun YA. Molecular cloning and characterization of a human mitochondrial ceramidase. J Biol Chem 275: 21508-21513, 2000. (Pubitemid 30481855)
36. Fensome AC, Rodrigues-Lima F, Josephs M, Paterson HF, and Katan M. A neutral magnesium-dependent sphingomyelinase isoform associated with intracellular membranes and reversibly inhibited by reactive oxygen species. J Biol Chem 275: 1128-1136, 2000. (Pubitemid 30051163)
37. Ferreira LF, Moylan JS, Gilliam LA, Smith JD, Nikolova-Karakashian M, and Reid MB. Sphingomyelinase stimulates oxidant signaling to weaken skeletal muscle and promote fatigue. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 299: C552-C560, 2010.
38. Ferreira LF, Smith JD, Moylan JS, and Reid MB. Sphingomyelinase and ceramide increase reactive species and depress maximal skeletal muscle force in vitro. FASEB J 24: 801.16, 2010.
39. Filosto S, Fry W, Knowlton AA, and Goldkorn T. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) is a phosphoprotein regulated by calcineurin (PP2B). J Biol Chem 285: 10213-10222, 2010.
40. Formigli L, Francini F, Meacci E, Vassalli M, Nosi D, Quercioli F, Tiribilli B, Bencini C, Piperio C, Bruni P, and Orlandini SZ. Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces Ca2 + transients and cytoskeletal rearrangement in C2C12 myoblastic cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 282: C1361-C1373, 2002. (Pubitemid 34663085)
41. Formigli L, Meacci E, Sassoli C, Squecco R, Nosi D, Chellini F, Naro F, Francini F, and Zecchi-Orlandini S. Cytoskeleton/stretch-activated ion channel interaction regulates myogenic differentiation of skeletal myoblasts. J Cell Physiol 211: 296-306, 2007. (Pubitemid 46580083)
42. Garcia-Ruiz C, Colell A, Mari M, Morales A, and Fernandez-Checa JC. Direct effect of ceramide on the mitochondrial electron transport chain leads to generation of reactive oxygen species. Role of mitochondrial glutathione. J Biol Chem 272: 11369-11377, 1997. (Pubitemid 27184141)
43. Ghafourifar P, Klein SD, Schucht O, Schenk U, Pruschy M, Rocha S, and Richter C. Ceramide induces cytochrome c release from isolated mitochondria. Importance of mitochondrial redox state. J Biol Chem 274: 6080-6084, 1999. (Pubitemid 29111012)
44. Ghosh N, Sabbadini R, and Chatterjee S. Identification, partial purification, and localization of a neutral sphingomyelinase in rabbit skeletal muscle: Neutral sphingomyelinase in skeletal muscle. Mol Cell Biochem 189: 161-168, 1998. (Pubitemid 28556561)
45. Gilliam LA, Ferreira LF, Bruton JD, Moylan JS, Westerblad H, St Clair DK, and Reid MB. Doxorubicin acts through tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype 1 (TNFR1) to cause dysfunction of murine skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 107: 1935-1942, 2009.
46. Giordano RJ, Lahdenranta J, Zhen L, Chukwueke U, Petrache I, Langley RR, Fidler IJ, Pasqualini R, Tuder RM, and Arap W. Targeted induction of lung endothelial cell apoptosis causes emphysema-like changes in the mouse. J Biol Chem 283: 29447-29460, 2008.
47. GoÒ i FM and Alonso A. Biophysics of sphingolipids I. Membrane properties of sphingosine, ceramides and other simple sphingolipids. Biochim Biophys Acta 1758: 1902-1921, 2006. (Pubitemid 44879372)
48. Gorski J, Dobrzyn A, and Zendzian-Piotrowska M. The sphingomyelin- signaling pathway in skeletal muscles and its role in regulation of glucose uptake. Ann N Y Acad Sci 967: 236-248, 2002. (Pubitemid 34721909)
49. Gouaze V, Mirault ME, Carpentier S, Salvayre R, Levade T, and Andrieu-Abadie N. Glutathione peroxidase-1 overexpression prevents ceramide production and partially inhibits apoptosis in doxorubicin-treated human breast carcinoma cells. Mol Pharmacol 60: 488-496, 2001. (Pubitemid 32781555)
50. Gudz TI, Tserng K-Y, and Hoppel CL. Direct inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III by cell-permeable ceramide. J Biol Chem 272: 24154-24158, 1997. (Pubitemid 27418612)
51. Hajduch E, Balendran A, Batty IH, Litherland GJ, Blair AS, Downes CP, and Hundal HS. Ceramide impairs the insulin-dependent membrane recruitment of protein kinase B leading to a loss in downstream signalling in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Diabetologia 44: 173-183, 2001. (Pubitemid 32156201)
52. Hanada K. Intracellular trafficking of ceramide by ceramide transfer protein. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B 86: 426-437, 2010.
53. Hannun YA and Luberto C. Ceramide in the eukaryotic stress response. Trends Cell Biol 10: 73-80, 2000. (Pubitemid 30084778)
54. Helge JW, Dobrzyn A, Saltin B, and Gorski J. Exercise and training effects on ceramide metabolism in human skeletal muscle. Exp Physiol 89: 119-127, 2004. (Pubitemid 38128860)
55. Hernandez OM, Discher DJ, Bishopric NH, and Webster KA. Rapid activation of neutral sphingomyelinase by hypoxia-reoxygenation of cardiac myocytes. Circ Res 86: 198-204, 2000. (Pubitemid 30086181)
56. Herr DR, Fyrst H, Phan V, Heinecke K, Georges R, Harris GL, and Saba JD. Sply regulation of sphingolipid signaling molecules is essential for Drosophila development. Development 130: 2443-2453, 2003. (Pubitemid 36722395)
57. Holland WL and Summers SA. Sphingolipids, insulin resistance, and metabolic disease: new insights from in vivo manipulation of sphingolipid metabolism. Endocr Rev 29: 381-402, 2008. (Pubitemid 351831506)
58. Hu W, Bielawski J, Samad F, Merrill AH, Jr., and Cowart LA. Palmitate increases sphingosine-1-phosphate in C2C12 myotubes via upregulation of sphingosine kinase message and activity. J Lipid Res 50: 1852-1862, 2009.
59. Huitema K, van den Dikkenberg J, Brouwers JF, and Holthuis JC. Identification of a family of animal sphingomyelin synthases. EMBO J 23: 33-44, 2004. (Pubitemid 38165745)
60. Hyde R, Hajduch E, Powell DJ, Taylor PM, and Hundal HS. Ceramide down-regulates System A amino acid transport and protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle cells. FASEB J 19: 461-463, 2005. (Pubitemid 40316550)
61. Ichi I, Kamikawa C, Nakagawa T, Kobayashi K, Kataoka R, Nagata E, Kitamura Y, Nakazaki C, Matsura T, and Kojo S. Neutral sphingomyelinase-induced ceramide accumulation by oxidative stress during carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Toxicology 261: 33-40, 2009.
62. Jana A and Pahan K. Oxidative stress kills human primary oligodendrocytes via neutral sphingomyelinase: implications for multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2: 184-193, 2007.
63. JeBailey L, Wanono O, Niu W, Roessler J, Rudich A, and Klip A. Ceramide-and oxidant-induced insulin resistance involve loss of insulin-dependent Rac-activation and actin remodeling in muscle cells. Diabetes 56: 394-403, 2007.
64. Karakashian AA, Giltiay NV, Smith GM, and Nikolova-Karakashian MN. Expression of neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (NSMase-2) in primary rat hepatocytes modulates IL-beta-induced JNK activation. FASEB J 18: 968-970, 2004. (Pubitemid 39561494)
65. Kawahara A, Nishi T, Hisano Y, Fukui H, Yamaguchi A, and Mochizuki N. The sphingolipid transporter Spns2 functions in migration of zebrafish myocardial precursors. Science 323: 524-527, 2009.
66. Kim RH, Takabe K, Milstien S, and Spiegel S. Export and functions of sphingosine-1-phosphate. Biochim Biophys Acta 1791: 692-696, 2009.
67. Kobzik L, Reid MB, Bredt DS, and Stamler JS. Nitric oxide in skeletal muscle. Nature 372: 546-548, 1994. (Pubitemid 24368535)
68. Kono M, Dreier JL, Ellis JM, Allende ML, Kalkofen DN, Sanders KM, Bielawski J, Bielawska A, Hannun YA, and Proia RL. Neutral ceramidase encoded by the Asah2 gene is essential for the intestinal degradation of sphingolipids. J Biol Chem 281: 7324-7331, 2006. (Pubitemid 43847501)
69. Kupperman E, An S, Osborne N, Waldron S, and Stainier DYR. A sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor regulates cell migration during vertebrate heart development. Nature 406: 192-195, 2000. (Pubitemid 30469002)
70. Lamb GD and Westerblad H. Acute effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species on the contractile function of skeletal muscle. J Physiol 589: 2119-2127, 2011.
71. Langeveld M, de Fost M, Aerts JM, Sauerwein HP, and Hollak CE. Overweight, insulin resistance and type II diabetes in type I Gaucher disease patients in relation to enzyme replacement therapy. Blood Cells Mol Dis 40: 428-432, 2008. (Pubitemid 351512343)
72. Laviad EL, Albee L, Pankova-Kholmyansky I, Epstein S, Park H, Merrill AH, Jr., and Futerman AH. Characterization of ceramide synthase 2: tissue distribution, substrate specificity, and inhibition by sphingosine 1-phosphate. J Biol Chem 283: 5677-5684, 2008.
73. Lawler JM, Cline CC, Hu Z and Coast JR. Effect of oxidative stress and acidosis on diaphragm contractile function. Am J Physiol 273: R630-R636, 1997.
74. Le Stunff H, Giussani P, Maceyka M, Lepine S, Milstien S, and Spiegel S. Recycling of sphingosine is regulated by the concerted actions of sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase 1 and sphingosine kinase 2. J Biol Chem 282: 34372-34380, 2007. (Pubitemid 350159464)
75. Leskawa KC and Hogan EL. Regulation of glycolipid synthesis during differentiation of clonal murine muscle cells. Mol Cell Biochem 96: 163-173, 1990. (Pubitemid 20240123)
76. Li CM, Hong SB, Kopal G, He X, Linke T, Hou WS, Koch J, Gatt S, Sandhoff K, and Schuchman EH. Cloning and characterization of the full-length cDNA and genomic sequences encoding murine acid ceramidase. Genomics 50: 267-274, 1998. (Pubitemid 28303521)
77. Liu B, Andrieu-Abadie N, Levade T, Zhang P, Obeid LM, and Hannun YA. Glutathione regulation of neutral sphingomyelinase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cell death. J Biol Chem 273: 11313-11320, 1998. (Pubitemid 28204985)
78. Liu B and Hannun YA. Inhibition of the neutral magnesium-dependent sphingomyelinase by glutathione. J Biol Chem 272: 16281-16287, 1997. (Pubitemid 27276449)
79. MacKichan ML and DeFranco AL. Role of ceramide in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced signaling. LPS increases ceramide rather than acting as a structural homolog. J Biol Chem 274: 1767-1775, 1999.
80. Mao C and Obeid LM. Ceramidases: regulators of cellular responses mediated by ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Biochim Biophys Acta 1781: 424-434, 2008.
81. Marchesini N, Osta W, Bielawski J, Luberto C, Obeid LM, and Hannun YA. Role for mammalian neutral sphingomyelinase 2 in confluence-induced growth arrest of MCF7 cells. J Biol Chem 279: 25101-25111, 2004. (Pubitemid 38756759)
82. Matsunaga T, Kotamraju S, Kalivendi SV, Dhanasekaran A, Joseph J, and Kalyanaraman B. Ceramide-induced intracellular oxidant formation, iron signaling, and apoptosis in endothelial cells: protective role of endogenous nitric oxide. J Biol Chem 279: 28614-28624, 2004. (Pubitemid 38900144)
83. Meacci E, Cencetti F, Donati C, Nuti F, Becciolini L, and Bruni P. Sphingosine kinase activity is required for sphingosine-mediated phospholipase D activation in C2C12 myoblasts. Biochem J 381: 655-663, 2004. (Pubitemid 39120474)
84. Meacci E, Cencetti F, Formigli L, Squecco R, Donati C, Tiribilli B, Quercioli F, Zecchi Orlandini S, Francini F, and Bruni P. Sphingosine 1-phosphate evokes calcium signals in C2C12 myoblasts via Edg3 and Edg5 receptors. Biochem J 362: 349-357, 2002. (Pubitemid 34214477)
85. Meacci E, Nuti F, Donati C, Cencetti F, Farnararo M, and Bruni P. Sphingosine kinase activity is required for myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. J Cell Physiol 214: 210-220, 2008. (Pubitemid 350220075)
86. Meadows KA, Holly JM, and Stewart CE. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis is associated with suppression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 secretion in differentiating murine skeletal myoblasts. J Cell Physiol 183: 330-337, 2000. (Pubitemid 30243863)
87. Mebarek S, Komati H, Zeiller NF, Alvisi M, Lagarde M, Prigent AF, and Nemoz G. Inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis upregulates phospholipase D and enhances myogenic differentiation. J Cell Sci 20: 407-416, 2007. (Pubitemid 46332504)
88. Medved I, Brown MJ, Bjorksten AR, Murphy KT, Petersen AC, Sostaric S, Gong X, and McKenna MJ. N-acetylcysteine enhances muscle cysteine and glutathione availability and attenuates fatigue during prolonged exercise in endurance-trained individuals. J Appl Physiol 97: 1477-1485, 2004. (Pubitemid 39299368)
89. Merrill AH, Jr., Nixon DW, and Williams RD. Activities of serine palmitoyltransferase (3-ketosphinganine synthase) in microsomes from different rat tissues. J Lipid Res 26: 617-622, 1985. (Pubitemid 15073734)
90. Merrill AH, Jr. and Wang E. Biosynthesis of long-chain (sphingoid) bases from serine by LM cells. Evidence for introduction of the 4-trans-double bond after de novo biosynthesis of N-acylsphinganine(s). J Biol Chem 261: 3764-3769, 1986. (Pubitemid 17200678)
91. Mitra P, Oskeritzian CA, Payne SG, Beaven MA, Milstien S, and Spiegel S. Role of ABCC1 in export of sphingosine-1-phosphate from mast cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 16394-16399, 2006. (Pubitemid 44715207)
92. Mizugishi K, Yamashita T, Olivera A, Miller GF, Spiegel S, and Proia RL. Essential role for sphingosine kinases in neural and vascular development. Mol Cell Biol 25: 11113-11121, 2005. (Pubitemid 41747151)
93. Muthing J, Maurer U, and Weber-Schurholz S. Glycosphingolipids of skeletal muscle: II. modulation of Ca2(2f)-flux in triad membranes by gangliosides. Carbohydr Res 307: 147-157, 1998. (Pubitemid 28282857)
94. Nagata Y, Partridge TA, Matsuda R, and Zammit PS. Entry of muscle satellite cells into the cell cycle requires sphingolipid signaling. J Cell Biol 174: 245-253, 2006. (Pubitemid 44079859)
95. Navas Pc and Manuel Villalba J. Regulation of ceramide signaling by plasma membrane coenzyme Q reductases. In: Methods in Enzymology, edited by Helmut S and Lester P. Academic Press, 2004, pp. 200-206.
96. Needleman DH, Aghdasi B, Seryshev AB, Schroepfer GJ, Jr., and Hamilton SL. Modulation of skeletal muscle Ca2(2f)-release channel activity by sphingosine. Am J Physiol 272: C1465-C1474, 1997.
97. Oral H, Kapadia S, Nakano M, Torre-Amione G, Lee J, Lee-Jackson D, Young JB, and Mann DL. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the failing human heart. Clin Cardiol 18: IV20-IV27, 1995.
98. Park TS, Hu Y, Noh HL, Drosatos K, Okajima K, Buchanan J, Tuinei J, Homma S, Jiang XC, Abel ED, and Goldberg IJ. Ceramide is a cardiotoxin in lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. J Lipid Res 49: 2101-2112, 2008.
99. Pchejetski D, Kunduzova O, Dayon A, Calise D, Seguelas MH, Leducq N, Seif I, Parini A, and Cuvillier O. Oxidative stress-dependent sphingosine kinase-1 inhibition mediates monoamine oxidase A-associated cardiac cell apoptosis. Circ Res 100: 41-49, 2007. (Pubitemid 46066772)
100. Petrache I, Medler TR, Richter AT, Kamocki K, Chukwueke U, Zhen L, Gu Y, Adamowicz J, Schweitzer KS, Hubbard WC, Berdyshev EV, Lungarella G, and Tuder RM. Superoxide dismutase protects against apoptosis and alveolar enlargement induced by ceramide. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295: L44-L53, 2008.
101. Procyk KJ, Rippo MR, Testi R, Hofmann F, Parker PJ, and Baccarini M. Lipopolysaccharide induces jun N-terminal kinase activation in macrophages by a novel Cdc42/Racindependent pathway involving sequential activation of protein kinase C zeta and phosphatidylcholine-dependent phospholipase C. Blood 96: 2592-2598, 2000.
102. Quillet-Mary A, Jaffrezou J-P, Mansat V, Bordier C, Naval J, and Laurent G. Implication of Mitochondrial Hydrogen Peroxide Generation in Ceramide-induced Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 272: 21388-21395, 1997. (Pubitemid 27374008)
103. Rapizzi E, Taddei ML, Fiaschi T, Donati C, Bruni P, and Chiarugi P. Sphingosine 1-phosphate increases glucose uptake through trans-activation of insulin receptor. Cell Mol Life Sci 66: 3207-3218, 2009.
104. Reid MB, Haack KE, Franchek KM, Valberg PA, Kobzik L, and West MS. Reactive oxygen in skeletal muscle. I. Intracellular oxidant kinetics and fatigue in vitro. J Appl Physiol 73: 1797-1804, 1992.
105. Reid MB, Khawli FA, and Moody MR. Reactive oxygen in skeletal muscle: III. Contractility of unfatigued muscle. J Appl Physiol 75: 1081-1087, 1993. (Pubitemid 23289594)
106. Reid MB, Stokic DS, Koch SM, Khawli FA, and Leis AA. Nacetylcysteine inhibits muscle fatigue in humans. J Clin Invest 94: 2468-2474, 1994. (Pubitemid 24379623)
107. Richter C and Ghafourifar P. Ceramide induces cytochrome c release from isolated mitochondria. Biochem Soc Symp 66: 27-31, 1999. (Pubitemid 129639019)
108. Sabbadini RA, Betto R, Teresi A, Fachechi-Cassano G, and Salviati G. The effects of sphingosine on sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane calcium release. J Biol Chem 267: 15475-15484, 1992.
109. Sabbadini RA, Danieli-Betto D, and Betto R. The role of sphingolipids in the control of skeletal muscle function: a review. Ital J Neurol Sci 20: 423-430, 1999.
110. Sharma C, Smith T, Li S, Schroepfer GJ, Jr., and Needleman DH. Inhibition of Ca2 + release channel (ryanodine receptor) activity by sphingolipid bases: mechanism of action. Chem Phys Lipids 104: 1-11, 2000. (Pubitemid 29537680)
111. Shindoh C, Dimarco A, Thomas A, Manubray P, and Supinski G. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on diaphragm fatigue. J Appl Physiol 68: 2107-2113, 1990. (Pubitemid 20183104)
112. Smith IJ, Huffman KM, Durheim MT, Duscha BD, and Kraus WE. Sex-specific alterations in mRNA level of key lipid metabolism enzymes in skeletal muscle of overweight and obese subjects following endurance exercise. Physiol Genomics 36: 149-157, 2009.
113. Snider AJ, Alexa Orr Gandy K, and Obeid LM. Sphingosine kinase: role in regulation of bioactive sphingolipid mediators in inflammation. Biochimie 92: 707-715, 2010.
114. Spence MW, Beed S, and Cook HW. Acid and alkaline ceramidases of rat tissues. Biochem Cell Biol 64: 400-404, 1986. (Pubitemid 16089034)
115. Squecco R, Sassoli C, Nuti F, Martinesi M, Chellini F, Nosi D, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Francini F, Formigli L, and Meacci E. Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces myoblast differentiation through Cx43 protein expression: a role for a gap junctiondependent and-independent function. Mol Biol Cell 17: 4896-4910, 2006. (Pubitemid 44665758)
116. Suematsu N, Tsutsui H, Wen J, Kang D, Ikeuchi M, Ide T, Hayashidani S, Shiomi T, Kubota T, Hamasaki N, and Takeshita A. Oxidative stress mediates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced mitochondrial DNA damage and dysfunction in cardiac myocytes. Circulation 107: 1418-1423, 2003. (Pubitemid 36350742)
117. Summers SA. Ceramides in insulin resistance and lipotoxicity. Prog Lipid Res 45: 42-72, 2006. (Pubitemid 43170804)
118. Summers SA. Sphingolipids and insulin resistance: the five Ws. Curr Opin Lipidol 21: 128-135, 2010.
119. Tafesse FG, Huitema K, Hermansson M, van der Poel S, van den Dikkenberg J, Uphoff A, Somerharju P, and Holthuis JC. Both sphingomyelin synthases SMS1 and SMS2 are required for sphingomyelin homeostasis and growth in human HeLa cells. J Biol Chem 282: 17537-17547, 2007. (Pubitemid 47100300)
120. Turpin SM, Lancaster GI, Darby I, Febbraio MA, and Watt MJ. Apoptosis in skeletal muscle myotubes is induced by ceramides and is positively related to insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 291: E1341-E1350, 2006. (Pubitemid 44904043)
121. Vescovo G, Ambrosio GB, and Dalla Libera L. Apoptosis and changes in contractile protein pattern in the skeletal muscle in heart failure. Acta Physiol Scand 171: 305-310, 2001. (Pubitemid 32823797)
122. Wang X, Rao RP, Kosakowska-Cholody T, Masood MA, Southon E, Zhang H, Berthet C, Nagashim K, Veenstra TK, Tessarollo L, Acharya U, and Acharya JK. Mitochondrial degeneration and not apoptosis is the primary cause of embryonic lethality in ceramide transfer protein mutant mice. J Cell Biol 184: 143-158, 2009.
123. Wennekes T, van den Berg RJ, Boot RG, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS, and Aerts JMFG. Glycosphingolipids{-{nature, function, and pharmacological modulation. Angew Chem Int Ed 48: 8848-8869, 2009.
124. Yuzefovych L, Wilson G, and Rachek L. Different effects of oleate versus palmitate on mitochondrial function, apoptosis and insulin signaling in L6 skeletal muscle cells: role of oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 299: E1096-E1105, 2010.
125. Zanin M, Germinario E, Dalla Libera L, Sandona D, Sabbadini RA, Betto R, and Danieli-Betto D. Trophic action of sphingosine 1-phosphate in denervated rat soleus muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 294: C36-C46, 2008.
126. Zhao H, Przybylska M, Wu IH, Zhang J, Siegel C, Komarnitsky S, Yew NS, and Cheng SH. Inhibiting glycosphingolipid synthesis improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in animal models of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 56: 1210-1218, 2007. (Pubitemid 46715599)
127. Zumbansen M and Stoffel W. Tumor necrosis factor alpha activates NF-kappaB in acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 272: 10904-10909, 1997.