Toll-like receptors and skin

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology

Volumn 25, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 997-1006

  Ermertcan, A T ^a   Ozturk F ^a   Gunduz K ^a  

^a CELAL BAYAR UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPALENE; BROPIRIMINE; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE; IMIQUIMOD; LOXORIBINE; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88; NICOTINAMIDE; PIMECROLIMUS; RESIQUIMOD; RETINOID; TACROLIMUS; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 1; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 10; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 11; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 3; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 5; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 6; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 7; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 8; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 9; TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM; ZINC DERIVATIVE;

ACNE VULGARIS; ACTINIC KERATOSIS; ALOPECIA AREATA; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; BACTERIAL SKIN DISEASE; BASAL CELL CARCINOMA; BEHCET DISEASE; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; BOWEN DISEASE; BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM; CUTANEOUS T CELL LYMPHOMA; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS; HERPES SIMPLEX; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS; HERPES ZOSTER; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOSTIMULATION; KAPOSI SARCOMA; KELOID; KERATINOCYTE; LENTIGO; LEPROSY; LICHEN PLANUS; LYME DISEASE; MELANOMA; MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM; MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE; NECROBIOTIC DISORDER; PAGET SKIN DISEASE; PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES; PSORIASIS; RADIATION INJURY; REVIEW; SARCOIDOSIS; SCLERODERMA; SKIN BIOPSY; SKIN CANCER; SKIN DISEASE; SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; SYPHILIS; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; TREPONEMA PALLIDUM; VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS; VERRUCA VULGARIS; VITILIGO;

HUMANS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SKIN; SKIN DISEASES; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS;

EID: 80051705868     PISSN: 09269959     EISSN: 14683083     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04049.x     Document Type: Review

References (90)

1. Ishii KJ, Akira S,. Innate immunity. In, Rich RR, Fleisher TA, Shearer WT, Schroeder HW Jr, Frew AJ, Weyand CM, eds. Clinical Immunology Principles and Practice, 3rd edn. Elsevier Ltd, Philadelphia, 2008: 39-51.
2. Chen K, Huang J, Gong W, et al. Toll like receptors in inflammation, infection and cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7: 1271-1285. (Pubitemid 47126372)
3. Mclnturff JE, Modlin RL, Kim J,. The role of Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of dermatological disease. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 125: 1-8. (Pubitemid 40981417)
4. Janeway CA, Jr, Medzhitov R,. Innate immune recognition. Annu Rev Immunol 2002; 20: 197.
5. Liew FY, Xu D, Brint EK, O'Neill LA,. Negative regulation of toll-like receptor-mediated immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2005; 5: 446-458. (Pubitemid 40835033)
6. Visvanathan K, Maclsaac CM, Hall WW, Fischetti VA,. Immunological aspects of infection. In, Zabriskie JB, ed. Essential Clinical Immunology. Cambridge University Press, New York, 2009: 45-60.
7. Cook DN, Pisestsky DS, Schwartz DA,. Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of human disease. Nat Immunil 2004; 5: 975.
8. Drexler SK, Foxwell BM,. The role of Toll-like receptors in chronic inflammation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42: 506-518.
9. Ospelt C, Gay S,. TLRs and chronic inflammation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42: 495-505.
10. Ofodile ON,. Disifin (Sodium tosylchloramine) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs): evolving importance in health and diseases. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 34: 751-762. (Pubitemid 350165600)
11. Montero Vega MT, de Andres Martin A,. The significance of toll-like receptors in human diseases. Allergol Immunopathol 2009; 37: 252-263.
12. Hari A, Flach TL, Shi Y, Mydlarski PR,. Toll-like receptors: role in dermatological disease. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010: 437246. Epub 2010 Aug 22.
13. Valins W, Amini S, Berman B,. The expression of Toll-like receptors in dermatological diseases and the therapeutic effect of current and newer topical Toll-like receptor modulators. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2010; 3 (9): 20-29.
14. Miller LS, Modlin RL,. Toll-like receptors in the skin. Semin Immunopathol 2007; 29: 15-26. (Pubitemid 47596385)
15. Miller LS,. Toll-like receptors in skin. Adv Dermatol 2008; 24: 71-87.
16. Kulczycka L, Sysa-Jedrzejowska A, Robak E,. Role of Toll-like receptors in etiology of selected diseases of the skin. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (online) 2010; 64: 364-371.
17. Sato T, Yamamoto M, Shimosato T, Klinman DM,. Accelerated wound healing mediated by activation of Toll-like receptor 9. Wound Repair Regen 2010; 18 (6): 586-593. Epub 2010 Oct 13.
18. Kawai T, Akira S,. The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors. Nat Immunol 2010; 11: 373-384.
19. Kaisho T, Akira S,. Toll-like receptor function and signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117: 979-987.
20. Akira S, Takeda K,. Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat Rev Immunol 2004; 4: 499-511. (Pubitemid 38931765)
21. Palsson-McDermott EM, Doyle SL, McGettrick AF, et al. TAG, a splice variant of the adaptor TRAM, negatively regulates the adaptor MyD88-independent TLR4 pathway. Nat Immunol 2009; 10: 579-586.
22. Shi M, Deng W, Bi E, et al. TRIM30α negatively regulates TLR-mediated NF-κB activation by targetting TAB2 and TAB3 for degradation. Nat Immunol 2008; 9: 369-377. (Pubitemid 351405106)
23. Kayagaki N, Phung Q, Chan S, et al. DUBA: a deubiquitinase that regulates type I interferon production. Science 2007; 318: 1628-1632. (Pubitemid 350233662)
24. Sheedy FJ, Palsson-McDermott E, Hennessy EJ, et al. Negative regulation of TLR4 via targeting of the proinflammatory tumor suppressor PDCD4 by the microRNA miR-21. Nat Immunol 2010; 11: 141-147.
25. Lai Y, Gallo RL,. Toll-like receptors in skin infections and inflammatory diseases. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2008; 8: 144-155.
26. Lew BL, Sim WY, Kim NI,. Expression of Toll-like receptor 2 in cultured human keratinocytes: the effect of bacterial antigens, cytokines and calcium concentration. Ann Dermatol 2009; 21: 337-344.
27. Wang JF, Hori K, Ding J, et al. Toll-like receptors expressed by dermal fibroblasts contribute to hypertrophic scarring. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226: 1265-1273.
28. O'Neill LA, Bryant CE, Doyle SL,. Therapeutic targeting of toll-like receptors for infectious and inflammatory diseases and cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2009; 61: 177-197.
29. Olson CK, Miller SD,. Microglia initiate central nervous system innate and adaptive immune responses through multiple TLRs. J Immunol 2004; 173: 3916-3924. (Pubitemid 39280755)
30. McKimmie CS, Fazakerley JK,. In response to pathogens, glial cells dynamically and differentially regulate Toll-like receptor gene expression. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 169: 116-125. (Pubitemid 41527097)
31. Prinz M, Garbe F, Schmidt H, et al. Innate immunity mediated by TLR9 modulates pathogenicity in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest 2006; 116: 456-464. (Pubitemid 43228363)
32. Jack C, Ruffini F, Bar-Or A, Antel JP,. Microglia and multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2005; 81: 363-373. (Pubitemid 41359291)
33. Basu S, Fenton MJ,. Toll-like receptors: function and roles in lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 286: 887-892.
34. Torok HP, Glas J, Tonenchi L, et al. Polymorphisms of the lipopolysaccharide-signaling complex in inflammatory bowel disease: association of a mutation in the Toll-like receptor 4 gene with ulcerative colitis. Clin Immunol 2004; 112: 85-91. (Pubitemid 38781061)
35. Singh JC, Cruickshank SM, Newton DJ, et al. Toll-like receptor-mediated responses of primary intestinal epithelial cells during the development of colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005; 288: 514-524.
36. Ishihara S, Rumi MA, Kadowaki Y, et al. Essential role of MD-2 in TLR4-dependent signaling during Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. J Immunol 2004; 173: 1406-1416. (Pubitemid 38924322)
37. Anders HJ, Banas B, Schlondorff D,. Signaling danger: toll receptors and their potential roles in kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 854-867. (Pubitemid 38375304)
38. So EY, Ouchi T,. The application of Toll like receptors for cancer therapy. Int J Biol Sci 2010; 6: 675-681.
39. Liu T, Xu ZZ, Park CK, et al. Toll-like receptor 7 mediates pruritus. Nat Neurosci 2010; 13: 1460-1462.
40. Shaw AC, Panda A, Joshi SR, et al. Dysregulation of human Toll-like receptor function in aging. Ageing Res Rev 2010, Nov 10. doi:. [Epub ahead of print].
41. Kim J, Ochoa MT, Krutzik SR, et al. Activation of toll-like receptor 2 in acne triggers inflammatory cytokine responses. J Immunol 2002; 169: 1535-1541. (Pubitemid 34809200)
42. Mclnturff JE, Kim J,. The role of Toll-like receptors in the pathophysiology of acne. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2005; 24: 73-78. (Pubitemid 41111814)
43. Liu PT, Krutzik SR, Kim J, Modlin RL,. Cutting edge: all-trans retinoic down-regulates TLR2 expression and function. J Immunol 2005; 174 (5): 2467-2470. (Pubitemid 40279655)
44. Tenaud I, Khammari A, Dreno B,. In vitro modulation of TLR-2, CD1d and IL-10 by adapalene on normal human skin and acne inflammatory lesions. Exp Dermatol 2007; 16: 500-506. (Pubitemid 46845393)
45. Grange PA, Raingeud J, Calvez V, Dupin N,. Nicotinamide inhibits Propionibacterium acnes-induced IL-8 production in keratinocytes through the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 56: 106-112.
46. Miller LS, Sorensen OE, Liu PT, et al. TGF-α regulates TLR expression and function on epidermal keratinocytes. J Immunol 2005; 174: 6137-6143. (Pubitemid 40663803)
47. Gaspari AA,. Innate and adaptive immunity and the pathophysiology of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54: S67-S80. (Pubitemid 43243477)
48. Seung NR, Park EJ, Kim CW, et al. Comparison of expression of heat-shock protein 60, Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, T cell receptor γδ in plaque and guttate psoriasis. J Cutan Pathol 2007; 34: 903-911. (Pubitemid 350132007)
49. Begon E, Michel L, Flageul B, et al. Expression, subcellular localization and cytokinic modulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in normal human keratinocytes: TLR2 up-regulation in psoriatic skin. Eur J Dermatol 2007; 17: 497-506. (Pubitemid 350207160)
50. Cho SH, Strickland I, Boguniewicz M, Leung DYM,. Fibronectin and fibrinogen contribute to the enhanced binding of Staphylococcus aureus to atopic skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108: 269-274. (Pubitemid 32735412)
51. McGirt LY, Beck LA,. Innate immune defects in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 118: 202-208. (Pubitemid 43946481)
52. Hasannejad H, Takahashi R, Kimishima M, et al. Selective impairment of Toll-like receptor 2 mediated proinflammatory cytokine production by monocytes from patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120: 69-75. (Pubitemid 46990500)
53. Oh DY, Schumann RR, Hamann L, et al. Association of the toll-like receptor 2 A-16934T promoter polymorphism with severe atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2009; 64: 1608-1615.
54. Novak N, Yu CF, Bussmann C, et al. Putative association of a TLR9 promoter polymorphism with atopic eczema. Allergy 2007; 62: 766-772. (Pubitemid 46934363)
55. Novak N,. New insights into the mechanism and management of allergic diseases: atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2009; 64: 265-275.
56. Antiga E, Volpi W, Torchia D, et al. Effects of tacrolimus ointment on Toll-like receptors in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010, Nov 10. doi:. [Epub ahead of print]
57. Schmidt M, Raghavan B, Müller V, et al. Crucial role for human Toll-like receptor 4 in the development of contact allergy to nickel. Nat Immunol 2010; 11: 814-820.
58. Lai Y, Cogen AL, Radek KA, et al. Activation of TLR2 by a small molecule produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis increases antimicrobial defense against bacterial skin infections. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130: 2211-2221.
59. Sato A, Linehan MM, Iwasaki A,. Dual recognition of herpes simplex viruses by TLR2 and TLR9 in dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103: 17343-17348. (Pubitemid 44788971)
60. Wang JP, Kurt-Jones EA, Shin OS, et al. Varicella-zoster virus activates inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes and macrophages via Toll-like receptor 2. J Virol 2005; 79: 12658-12666. (Pubitemid 41433185)
61. Lund J, Sato A, Akira S, et al. Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition Herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Exp Med 2003; 198: 513-520. (Pubitemid 36976063)
62. Zhang SY, Jouanguy E, Ugolini S, et al. TLR3 deficiency in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis. Science 2007; 317: 1522-1527. (Pubitemid 47417427)
63. Jouault T, Ibata-Ombetta S, Takeuchi O, et al. Candida albicans phospholipomannan is sensed through toll-like receptors. J Infect Dis 2003; 188: 165-172. (Pubitemid 36829757)
64. Kang TJ, Lee SB, Chae GT,. A polymorphism in the toll-like receptor 2 is associated with IL-12 production from monocyte in lepromatous leprosy. Cytokine 2002; 20: 56-62. (Pubitemid 35373721)
65. Krutzik SR, Ochoa MT, Sieling PA, et al. Activation and regulation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 in human leprosy. Nat Med 2003; 9: 525-532. (Pubitemid 36597097)
66. Kang SS, Kauls LS, Gaspari AA,. Toll-like receptors: applications to dermatologic disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54: 951-983.
67. Yu N, Zhang S, Zuo F, et al. Cultured human melanocytes express functional Toll-like receptors 2-4, 7 and 9. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 56: 113-120.
68. Fang L, Lonsdorf AS, Hwang ST,. Immunotherapy for advanced melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128: 2596-2605.
69. Speiser DE, Lienard D, Rufer N, et al. Rapid and strong human CD8+ T cell responses to vaccination with peptide, IFA, and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 7909. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 739-746. (Pubitemid 40322250)
70. Pashenkov M, Goess G, Wagner C, et al. Phase II trial of a toll-like receptor 9 activating oligonücleotide in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 5716-5724. (Pubitemid 46631314)
71. Steinmann A, Funk JO, Schuler G, Von den Driesch P,. Topical imiquimod treatment of a cutaneous melanoma metastasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 43: 555-556. (Pubitemid 30666755)
72. Ruiz-Villaverde R, Sánchez-Cano D, Burkhardt-Pérez P,. Superficial basal cell carcinoma treated with imiquimod 5% topical cream for a 4-week period: a case series. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23: 828-831.
73. Schulze HJ, Cribier B, Requena L, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from a randomized vehicle-controlled phase III study in Europe. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152: 939-947. (Pubitemid 40704934)
74. Vun Y, Siler G,. Use of 5% imiquimod cream in the treatment of facial basal cell carcinoma: a 3-year retrospective follow-up study. Australas J Dermatol 2006; 47: 169-171. (Pubitemid 44015148)
75. van der Geer S, Ostertag JU, Krekels GA,. Treatment of basal cell carcinomas in patients with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23: 308-313.
76. Kocabaş E, Ermertcan AT, Bilaç C, et al. Nonsyndromic multiple basal cell carcinomas successfully treated with imiquimod 5% cream. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2010; 29: 300-302.
77. Weinberg AS, Ogle CA, Shim EK,. Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: an update. Dermatol Surg 2007; 33: 885-899. (Pubitemid 47106729)
78. Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Dinotta F, et al. Treating skin cancer with topical cream. Exp Opin Pharmacother 2010; 11: 1515-1527.
79. Viera MH, Amini S, Huo R, et al. Herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus genital infections: new and investigational therapeutic options. Int J Dermatol 2010; 49: 733-749.
80. Fenske NA, Spencer J, Adam F,. Actinic keratoses: past, present and future. J Drugs Dermatol 2010; 9: 45-49.
81. Love WE, Bernhard JD, Bordeaux JS,. Topical imiquimod or fluorouracil therapy for basal and squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Arch Dermatol 2009; 145: 1431-1438.
82. Farkas A, Kemeny L, French LE, Dummer R,. New and experimental skin-directed therapies for cutaneous lymphomas. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 22: 322-334.
83. Ganjian S, Ourian AJ, Shamtoub G, et al. Off-label indications for imiquimod. Dermatol Online J 2009; 15: 4.
84. Novak N, Yu CF, Bieber T, Alam JP,. Toll-like receptor 7 agonists and skin. Drug News Perspect 2008; 21: 158-165. (Pubitemid 351809139)
85. Szeimies RM, Bichel J, Ortonne JP, et al. A phase II dose-ranging study of topical resiquimod to treat actinic keratosis. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159: 205-210. (Pubitemid 351874499)
86. Fife KH, Meng TC, Ferris DG, Liu P,. Effect of resiquimod 0.01% gel on lesion healing and viral shedding when applied to genital herpes lesions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52: 477-482. (Pubitemid 351170817)
87. Büchau AS, Schauber J, Hultsch T, et al. Pimecrolimus enhances TLR2/6-induced expression of antimicrobial peptides in keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128: 2646-2654.
88. Liu PT, Krutzik SR, Kim J,. Cutting edge: all-trans retinoic acid downregulates TLR2 expression and function. J Immunol 2005; 174: 2467-2470. (Pubitemid 40279655)
89. Najar HM, Dutz JP,. Topical CpG enhances the response of murine malignant melanoma to dacarbazine. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128: 2204-2210.
90. Krieg AM,. Development of TLR9 agonists for cancer therapy. J Clin Invest 2007; 117: 1184-1194. (Pubitemid 46718403)