TGF-α regulates TLR expression and function on epidermal keratinocytes

Journal of Immunology

Volumn 174, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 6137-6143

  Miller, Lloyd S ^a   Sørensen, Ole E ^a   Liu, Philip T ^a   Jalian, H Ray ^a   Eshtiaghpour, Deborah ^a   Behmanesh, Behnaz E ^a   Chung, Woosin ^a   Starner, Timothy D ^b   Kim, Jenny ^a   Sieling, Peter A ^a   Ganz, Tomas ^a   Modlin, Robert L ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA HOSPITALS AND CLINICS   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA DEFENSIN; INTERLEUKIN 8; LIGAND; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 5; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 9; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA;

ARTICLE; CELL SURFACE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; EPIDERMIS; EPITHELIUM CELL; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HOST RESISTANCE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; KERATINOCYTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSORIASIS; RECEPTOR UPREGULATION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 20844445114     PISSN: 00221767     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.10.6137     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Ganz, T. 2003. Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3: 710-720.
2. Harder, J., J. Bartels, E. Christophers, and J. M. Schroder. 1997. A peptide antibiotic from human skin. Nature 387: 861.
3. Hertz, C. J., Q. Wu, E. M. Porter, Y. J. Zhang, K. H. Weismuller, P. J. Godowski, T. Ganz, S. H. Randell, and R. L. Modlin. 2003. Activation of Toll-like receptor 2 on human tracheobronchial epithelial cells induces the antimicrobial peptide human β defensin-2. J. Immunol. 171: 6820-6826.
4. Lehrer, R. I., and T. Ganz. 2002. Cathelicidins: a family of endogenous antimicrobial peptides. Curr. Opin. Hematol. 9: 18-22.
5. Sorensen, O. E., J. B. Cowland, K. Theilgaard-Monch, L. Liu, T. Ganz, and N. Borregaard. 2003. Wound healing and expression of antimicrobial peptides/polypeptides in human keratinocytes. a consequence of common growth factors. J. Immunol. 170: 5583-5589.
6. Harder, J., J. Bartels, E. Christophers, and J. M. Schroder. 2001. Isolation and characterization of human β-defensin-3, a novel human inducible peptide antibiotic. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 5707-5713.
7. Baker, B. S., J. M. Ovigne, A. V. Powles, S. Corcoran, and L. Fry. 2003. Normal keratinocytes express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2 and 5: modulation of TLR expression in chronic plaque psoriasis. Br. J. Dermatol. 148: 670-679.
8. Curry, J. L., J. Z. Qin, B. Bonish, R. Carrick, P. Bacon, J. Panella, J. Robinson, and B. J. Nickoloff. 2003. Innate immune-related receptors in normal and psoriatic skin. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 127: 178-186.
9. Mempel, M., V. Voekker, G. Kollisch, C. Plank, R. Rad, M. Gerhard, C. Schnopp, P. Fraunberger, A. K. Walli, J. Ring, et al. 2003. Toll-like receptor expression in human keratinocytes: nuclear factor κB controlled gene activation by Staphylococcus aureus is Toll-like receptor 2 but not Toll-like receptor 4 or platelet activating factor receptor dependent. J. Invest. Dermatol. 121: 1389-1396.
10. Pivarcsi, A., L. Bodai, B. Rethi, A. Kenderessy-Szabo, A. Koreck, M. Szell, Z. Beer, Z. Bata-Csorgoo, M. Magocsi, E. Rajnavolgyi, et al. 2003. Expression and function of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in human keratinocytes. Int. Immunol. 15: 721-730.
11. Song, P. I., Y. M. Park, T. Abraham, B. Harten, A. Zivony, N. Neparidze, C. A. Armstrong, and J. C. Ansel. 2002. Human keratinocytes express functional CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4. J. Invest. Dermatol. 119: 424-432.
12. Becker, M. N., G. Diamond, M. W. Verghese, and S. H. Randell. 2000. CD14-dependent lipopolysaccharide-induced β-defensin-2 expression in human tracheobronchial epithelium. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 29731-29736.
13. Abreu, M. T., P. Vora, E. Faure, L. S. Thomas, E. T. Arnold, and M. Arditi. 2001. Decreased expression of Toll-like receptor-4 and MD-2 correlates with intestinal epithelial cell protection against dysregulated proinflammatory gene expression in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J. Immunol. 167: 1609-1616.
14. Armstrong, L., A. R. Medford, K. M. Uppington, J. Robertson, I. R. Witherden, T. D. Tetley, and A. B. Millar. 2004. Expression of functional Toll-like receptor-2 and -4 on alveolar epithelial cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 31: 241-245.
15. Cario, E., and D. K. Podolsky. 2000. Differential alteration in intestinal epithelial cell expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in inflammatory bowel disease. Infect. Immun. 68: 7010-7017.
16. Droemann, D., T. Goldmann, D. Branscheid, R. Clark, K. Dalhoff, P. Zabel, and E. Vollmer. 2003. Toll-like receptor 2 is expressed by alveolar epithelial cells type II and macrophages in the human lung. Histochem. Cell Biol. 119: 103-108.
17. Schmausser, B., M. Andrulis, S. Endrich, S. K. Lee, C. Josenhans, H. K. Muller-Hermelink, and M. Eck. 2004. Expression and subcellular distribution of Toll-like receptors TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 on the gastric epithelium in Helicobacter pylori infection. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 136: 521-526.
18. Wolfs, T. G., W. A. Buurman, A. van Schadewijk, B. de Vries, M. A. Daemen, P. S. Hiemstra, and C. van't Veer. 2002. In vivo expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 by renal epithelial cells: IFN-γ and TNF-α mediated up-regulation during inflammation. J. Immunol. 168: 1286-1293.
19. Zhang, J., K. Xu, B. Ambati, and F. S. Yu. 2003. Toll-like receptor 5-mediated corneal epithelial inflammatory responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44: 4247-4254.
20. Kawai, K., H. Shimura, M. Minagawa, A. Ito, K. Tomiyama, and M. Ito. 2002. Expression of functional Toll-like receptor 2 on human epidermal keratinocytes. J. Dermatol. Sci. 30: 185-194.
21. Pivarcsi, A., A. Koreck, L. Bodai, M. Szell, C. Szeg, N. Belso, A. Kenderessy-Szabo, Z. Bata-Csorgo, A. Dobozy, and L. Kemeny. 2004. Differentiation-regulated expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in HaCaT keratinocytes. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 296: 120-124.
22. Medzhitov, R. 2001. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 1: 135-145.
23. Takeda, K., T. Kaisho, and S. Akira. 2003. Toll-like receptors. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21: 335-376.
24. Sieling, P. A., and R. L. Modlin. 2002. Toll-like receptors: mammalian "taste receptors" for a smorgasbord of microbial invaders. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 5: 70-75.
25. Hoffmann, J. A. 2003. The immune response of Drosophila. Nature 426: 33-38.
26. Heil, F., H. Hemmi, H. Hochrein, F. Ampenberger, C. Kirschning, S. Akira, G. Lipford, H. Wagner, and S. Bauer. 2004. Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via Toll-like receptor 7 and 8. Science 303: 1526-1529.
27. Diebold, S. S., T. Kaisho, H. Hemmi, S. Akira, and Reis e Sousa. 2004. Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA. Science 303: 1529-1531.
28. Bauer, M., K. Heeg, H. Wagner, and G. B. Lipford. 1999. DNA activates human immune cells through a CpG sequence-dependent manner. Immunology 97: 699-705.
29. Doyle, S. E., R. M. O'Connell, G. A. Miranda, S. A. Vaidya, E. K. Chow, P. T. Liu, S. Suzuki, N. Suzuki, R. L. Modlin, W. C. Yeh, et al. 2004. Toll-like receptors induce a phagocytic gene program through p38. J. Exp. Med. 199: 81-90.
30. Smith, K. D., E. Andersen-Nissen, F. Hayashi, K. Strobe, M. A. Bergman, S. L. Barrett, B. T. Cookson, and A. Aderem. 2003. Toll-like receptor 5 recognizes a conserved site on flagellin required for protofilament formation and bacterial motility. Nat. Immunol. 4: 1247-1253.
31. Hayashi, F., K. D. Smith, A. Ozinsky, T. R. Hawn, E. C. Yi, D. R. Goodlett, J. K. Eng, S. Akira, D. M. Underbill, and A. Aderem. 2001. The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5. Nature 410: 1099-1103.
32. Galfre, G., and C. Milstein. 1981. Preparation of monoclonal antibodies: strategies and procedures. In Methods in Enymology, Vol. 73. S. P. Colowick and N. O. Kaplan, eds. Academic Press. New York.
33. Krutzik, S. R., M. T. Ochoa, P. A. Sieling, S. Uematsu, Y. W. Ng, A. Legaspi, P. T. Liu, S. T. Cole, P. J. Godowski, Y. Maeda, et al. 2003. Activation and regulation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 in human leprosy. Nat. Med. 9: 525-532.
34. Singh, P. K., H. P. Jia, K. Wiles, J. Hesselberth, L. Liu, B. A. Conway, E. P. Greenberg, E. V. Valore, M. J. Welsh, T. Ganz, et al. 1998. Production of β-defensins by human airway epithelia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 14961-14966.
35. Liu, L., A. A. Roberts, and T. Ganz. 2003. By IL-1 signaling, monocyte-derived cells dramatically enhance the epidermal antimicrobial response to lipopolysaccharide. J. Immunol. 170: 575-580.
36. Sørensen O. E., D. R. Thapa, A. Rosenthal, L. Liu, A. A. Roberts, and T. Ganz. Differential regulation of β-defensin expression in human skin by microbial stimuli. J. Immunol. 174: 4870-4879.
37. Zarember, K. A., and P. J. Godowski. 2002. Tissue expression of human Toll-like receptors and differential regulation of Toll-like receptor mRNAs in leukocytes in response to microbes, their products, and cytokines. J. Immunol. 168: 554-561.
38. Monney, L., C. A. Sabatos, J. L. Gaglia, A. Ryu, H. Waldner, T. Chernova, S. Manning, E. A. Greenfield, A. J. Coyle, R. A. Sobel, et al. 2002. Th1-specific cell surface protein Tim-3 regulates macrophage activation and severity of an autoimmune disease. Nature 415: 536-541.
39. Kumar, V., S. A. Bustin, and I. A. McKay. 1995. Transforming growth factor α. Cell Biol. Int. 19: 373-388.
40. Singer, A. J., and R. A. Clark. 1999. Cutaneous wound healing. N. Engl. J. Med. 341: 738-746.
41. Gallo, R. L., M. Murakami, T. Ohtake, and M. Zaiou. 2002. Biology and clinical relevance of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 110: 823-831.
42. Yang, D., O. Chertov, S. N. Bykovskaia, Q. Chen, M. J. Buffo, J. Shogan, M. Anderson, J. M. Schroder, J. M. Wang, O. M. Howard, et al. 1999. β-Defensins: linking innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic and T cell CCR6. Science 286: 525-528.
43. Piepkorn, M., M. R. Pittelkow, and P. W. Cook. 1998. Autocrine regulation of keratinocytes: the emerging role of heparin-binding. epidermal growth factor-related growth factors. J. Invest. Dermatol. 111: 715-721.
44. Tomic-Canic, M., M. Komine, I. M. Freedberg, and M. Blumenberg. 1998. Epidermal signal transduction and transcription factor activation in activated keratinocytes. J Dermatol. Sci. 17: 167-181.
45. Jost, M., C. Kari, and U. Rodeck. 2000. The EGF receptor: an essential regulator of multiple epidermal functions. Eur. J. Dermatol. 10: 505-510.
46. Adamo, R., S. Sokol, G. Soong, M. I. Gomez, and A. Prince. 2004. Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagella activate airway epithelial cells through asialo GM1 and Toll-like receptor 2 as well as Toll-like receptor 5. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 30: 627-634.
47. Ishii, K. J., F. Takeshita, I. Gursel, M. Gursel, J. Conover, A. Nussenzweig, and D. M. Klinman. 2002. Potential role of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, rather than DNA-dependent protein kinase, in CpG DNA-induced immune activation. J. Exp. Med. 196: 269-274.
48. Nomura, I., E. Goleva, M. D. Howell, Q. A. Hamid, P. Y. Ong, C. F. Hall, M. A. Darst, B. Gao, M. Boguniewicz, J. B. Travers, et al. 2003. Cytokine milieu of atopic dermatitis, as compared to psoriasis, skin prevents induction of innate immune response genes. J. Immunol. 171: 3262-3269.
49. Ong, P. Y., T. Ohtake, C. Brandt, I. Strickland, M. Boguniewicz, T. Ganz, R. L. Gallo, and D. Y. Leung. 2002. Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and skin infections in atopic dermatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 347: 1151-1160.
50. Henseler, T., and E. Christophers. 1995. Disease concomitance in psoriasis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 32: 982-986.
51. Frohm, M., B. Agerberth, G. Ahangari, M. Stahle-Backdahl, S. Liden, H. Wigzell, and G. H. Gudmundsson. 1997. The expression of the gene coding for the antibacterial peptide LL-37 is induced in human keratinocytes during inflammatory disorders. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 15258-15263.