Treating skin cancer with topical cream

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 11, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 1515-1527

  Micali, Giuseppe ^a   Lacarrubba, Francesco ^a   Dinotta, Franco ^a   Massimino, Doriana ^a   Nasca, Maria Rita ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cancer; Diclofenac; Fluorouracil; Imiquimod; Pharmacotherapy; Retinoids; Skin

Indexed keywords

ADAPALENE; DICLOFENAC; FLUOROURACIL; IMIQUIMOD; ISOTRETINOIN; RETINOIC ACID; RETINOID DERIVATIVE; TAZAROTENE;

ACTINIC KERATOSIS; ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA; APPLICATION SITE BURNING; APPLICATION SITE DRYNESS; APPLICATION SITE EDEMA; APPLICATION SITE ERYTHEMA; APPLICATION SITE EXCORIATION; APPLICATION SITE HYPERPIGMENTATION; APPLICATION SITE IRRITATION; APPLICATION SITE PAIN; APPLICATION SITE PRURITUS; APPLICATION SITE REACTION; APPLICATION SITE ULCER; APPLICATION SITE VESICLE; ARTHRALGIA; BASAL CELL CARCINOMA; BOWEN DISEASE; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER SURGERY; CHILL; CHRONIC PAIN; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM; CRYOSURGERY; DIARRHEA; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG FEVER; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EPIDERMOID CYST; EROSION; EXUDATE; FATIGUE; FLU LIKE SYNDROME; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HUMAN; HYPOPIGMENTATION; MALIGNANT LENTIGO; MYALGIA; NAUSEA; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PEELING; PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS; PHOTOSENSITIVITY; PSORIASIS; REVIEW; SCAR FORMATION; SKIN CANCER; SKIN SURGERY; SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY; TERATOGENICITY; TOPICAL TREATMENT; VITILIGO;

ADMINISTRATION, TOPICAL; AMINOQUINOLINES; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; DICLOFENAC; FLUOROURACIL; HUMANS; KERATOSIS, ACTINIC; RETINOIDS; SKIN NEOPLASMS;

EID: 77952716972     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2010.481284     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. McGuire JF, Ge NN, Dyson S. Nonmelanoma skin cancer of the head and neck I: histopathology and clinical behaviour. Am J Otolaryngol 2009;30:121-133
2. Lacarrubba F, Nasca MR, Micali G. Advances in the use of topical imiquimod to treat dermatologic disorders. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2008;4:87-97
3. McGillis ST, Fein H. Topical treatment strategies for non-melanoma skin cancer and precursor lesions. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2004;23:174-183
4. Weinberg JM. Topical therapy for actinic keratoses: current and evolving therapies. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2006;1:53-60
5. Askew DA, Mickan SM, Soyer HP, Wilkinson D. Effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil treatment for actinic keratosis--a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Dermatol 2009;48:453-463
6. Dillaha CJ, Jansen GT, Honeycutt WM, Holt GA. Further studies with topical 5-fluorouracil. Arch Dermatol 1965;92:410-417
7. Kurwa HA, Yong Gee SA, Seed P, et al. A randomized paired comparison of photodynamic therapy and topical 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of actinic keratoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:414-418
8. Witheiler DD, Lawrence N, Cox SE, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of Jessner's solution and 35% trichloroacetic acid vs 5% fluorouracil in the treatment of widespread facial actinic keratoses. Dermatol Surg 1997;23:191-196
9. de Berker D, McGregor JM, Hughes BR; British Association of Dermatologists Therapy Guidelines and Audit Subcommittee. Guidelines for the management of actinic keratoses. Br J Dermatol 2007;156:222-30, Erratum in: Br J Dermatol 2008;158:873
10. Loven K, Stein L, Furst K, Levy S. Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of 0.5% fluorouracil cream and 5% fluorouracil cream applied to each side of the face in patients with actinic keratosis. Clin Ther 2002;24:990-1000
11. McIntyre WJ, Downs MR, Bedwell SA. Treatment options for actinic keratoses. Am Fam Physician 2007;76:667-671
12. Jorizzo J, Stewart D, Bucko A, et al. Randomized trial evaluating a new 0.5% fluorouracil formulation demonstrates efficacy after 1-, 2-, or 4-week treatment in patients with actinic keratosis. Cutis 2002;70:335-339
13. Yentzer B, Hick J, Williams L, et al. Adherence to a topical regimen of 5-fluorouracil, 0.5%, cream for the treatment of actinic keratoses. Arch Dermatol 2009;145:203-205
14. Weiss J, Menter A, Hevia O, et al. Effective treatment of actinic keratosis with 0.5% fluorouracil cream for 1, 2, or 4 weeks. Cutis 2002;70:22-29
15. Krawtchenko N, Roewert-Huber J, Ulrich M, et al. A randomised study of topical 5% imiquimod vs. topical 5-fluorouracil vs. cryosurgery in immunocompetent patients with actinic keratoses: a comparison of clinical and histological outcomes including 1-year follow-up. Br J Dermatol 2007;157(Suppl 2):34-40
16. Romagosa R, Saap L, Givens M, et al. A pilot study to evaluate the treatment of basal cell carcinoma with 5-fluorouracil using phosphatidyl choline as a transepidermal carrier. Dermatol Surg 2000; 26:338-340
17. Gross K, Kircik L, Kricorian G. 5% 5-Fluorouracil cream for the treatment of small superficial Basal cell carcinoma: efficacy, tolerability, cosmetic outcome, and patient satisfaction. Dermatol Surg 2007;33:433-9;discussion 440
18. Moreno G, Chia AL, Lim A, Shumack S. Therapeutic options for Bowen's disease. Australas J Dermatol 2007;48:1-8, Erratum in: Australas J Dermatol 2007;48:142
19. Neubert T, Lehmann P. Bowen's disease--a review of newer treatment options. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2008;4:1085-1095
20. Bargman H, Hochman J. Topical treatment of Bowen's disease with 5-fluorouracil. J Cutan Med Surg 2003;7:101-105
21. Salim A, Leman JA, McColl JH, et al. Randomized comparison of photodynamic therapy with topical 5-fluorouracil in Bowen's disease. Br J Dermatol 2003;148:539-543
22. Garland SM. Imiquimod. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2003;16:85-89
23. Schon M, Schon MP. The antitumoral mode of action of imiquimod and other imidazoquinolines. Curr Med Chem 2007;14:681-687
24. Schon MP, Schon M. Imiquimod: mode of action. Br J Dermatol 2007;157(Suppl 2):8-13
25. Ceilley RI, Del Rosso JQ. Current modalities and new advances in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Int J Dermatol 2006;45:489-499
26. Chang YC, Madkan V, Cook-Norris R, et al. Current and potential uses of imiquimod. South Med J 2005;98:914-920
27. Patel GK, Goodwin R, Chawla M, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream monotherapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease): a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54:1025-1032
28. Sauder DN. Imiquimod: modes of action. Br J Dermatol 2003;149(Suppl 66):5-8
29. Schiller M, Metze D, Luger TA, et al. Immune response modifiers-mode of action. Exp Dermatol 2006;15:331-341
30. Berman B, Sullivan T, De Araujo T, et al. Expression of Fas-receptor on basal cell carcinomas after treatment with imiquimod 5% cream or vehicle. Br J Dermatol 2003;149(Suppl 66):59-61
31. Li VW, Li WW, Talcott KE, Zhai AW. Imiquimod as an antiangiogenic agent. J Drugs Dermatol 2005;4:708-717
32. Gaspari A, Tyring SK, Rosen T. Beyond a decade of 5% imiquimod topical therapy. J Drugs Dermatol 2009;8:467-474
33. Gebauer K, Shumack S, Cowen PS. Effect of dosing frequency on the safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream for treatment of actinic keratosis on the forearms and hands: a phase II, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2009;161:897-903
34. Stockfleth E, Ulrich C, Lange-Asschenfeldt B, et al. Treatment of multiple, multiform actinic keratoses on the head with imiquimod 5% cream. Eur J Dermatol 2009;19:355-359
35. Hadley G, Derry S, Moore RA. Imiquimod for actinic keratoses: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Invest Dermatol 2006;126:1251-1255
36. Falagas ME, Angelousi AG, Peppas G. Imiquimod in the treatment of actinic keratosis. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:537-538
37. Gupta AK, Davey V, Mcphail H. Evaluation of the effectiveness of imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of actinic keratosis: critical review and meta-analysis of efficacy studies. J Cutan Med Surg 2005;9:209-214
38. Stockfleth E, Christophers E, Benninghoff B, Sterry W. Low incidence of new actinic keratoses after topical 5% imiquimod cream treatment: a long-term follow-up study. Arch Dermatol 2004;140(12):1542
39. Zeichner JA, Stern DW, Uliasz A, et al. Placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized pilot study of imiquimod 5% cream applied once per week for 6 months for the treatment of actinic keratoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;60:59-62
40. Price NM. The treatment of actinic keratoses with a combination of 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod creams. J Drugs Dermatol 2007;6:778-781
41. Bath-Hextall FJ, Bong J, Perkins W, et al. Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (Cochrane review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;1:CD003412
42. Schulze HJ, Cribier B, Requena L, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from a randomized vehicle-controlled phase III study in Europe. Br J Dermatol 2005;152:939-947
43. Marks R, Gebauer K, Shumack S, et al.; Australasian Multicentre Trial Group. Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results of a multicenter 6-week dose-response trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:807-813
44. Geisse JK, Rich P, Pandya A, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: a double-blind, randomized vehicle-controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;47:390-398
45. Geisse J, Caro I, Lindholm J, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from two phase III, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:722-733
46. Schiessl C, Wolber C, Tauber M, et al. Treatment of all basal cell carcinoma variants including large and high-risk lesions with 5% imiquimod cream: histological and clinical changes, outcome, and follow-up. J Drugs Dermatol 2007;6:507-513
47. Shumack S, Robinson J, Kossard S, et al. Efficacy of topical 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma: comparison of dosing regimens. Arch Dermatol 2002;138:1165-1171
48. Eigentler TK, Kamin A, Weide BM, et al. A phase III, randomized, open label study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream applied thrice weekly for 8 and 12 weeks in the treatment of low-risk nodular basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57:616-621
49. Vidal D, Mat?́as-Guiu X, Alomar A. Fifty-five basal cell carcinomas treated with topical imiquimod: outcome at 5-year follow-up. Arch Dermatol 2007;143:266-268
50. Gollnick H, Barona CG, Frank RG, et al. Recurrence rate of superficial basal cell carcinoma following treatment with imiquimod 5% cream: conclusion of a 5-year long-term follow-up study in Europe. Eur J Dermatol 2008;18:677-682
51. Sterry W, Ruzicka T, Herrera E, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma: randomized studies comparing low-frequency dosing with and without occlusion. Br J Dermatol 2002;147:1227-1236
52. Spencer JM. Pilot study of imiquimod 5% cream as adjunctive therapy to curettage and electrodesiccation for nodular basal cell carcinoma. Dermatol Surg 2006;32:63-69
53. Wu JK, Oh C, Strutton G, Siller G. An open-label, pilot study examining the efficacy of curettage followed by imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of primary nodular basal cell carcinoma. Australas J Dermatol 2006;47:46-48
54. Neville JA, Williford PM, Jorizzo JL. Pilot study using topical imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma after initial treatment with curettage. J Drugs Dermatol 2007;6:910-914
55. Tillman DK Jr, Carroll MT. A 36-month clinical experience of the effectiveness of curettage and imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. J Drugs Dermatol 2008;7(1 Suppl 1):7-14
56. Butler DF, Parekh PK, Lenis A. Imiquimod 5% cream as adjunctive therapy for primary, solitary, nodular nasal basal cell carcinomas before Mohs micrographic surgery: a randomized, double blind, vehicle-controlled study. Dermatol Surg 2009;35:24-29
57. Shumack S, Gebaeuer K, Quirk C, et al. 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of a large superficial basal cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:1286-1287
58. Micali M, Nasca MR, Musumeci ML. Treatment of an extensive superficial basal cell carcinoma of the face with imiquimod 5% cream. Int J Tissue React 2005;27:111-114
59. Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Nasca MR, et al. The use of imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma as observed in Gorlin's syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003;28(Suppl 1):19-23
60. Kagy MK, Amonette R. The use of imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinomas in a basal cell nevus syndrome patient. Dermatol Surg 2000;26:577-578
61. Patel MJ, Stockfleth E. Does progression from actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease end with treatment: diclofenac 3% gel, an old drug in a new environment? Br J Dermatol 2007;156(Suppl 3):53-56
62. Smith SR, Morhenn VB, Piacquadio DJ. Bilateral comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of 3% diclofenac sodium gel and 5% 5-fluorouracil cream in the treatment of actinic keratoses of the face and scalp. J Drugs Dermatol 2006;5:156-159
63. Mackenzie-Wood A, Kossard S, de Launey J, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of Bowen's disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:462-470
64. Alessi SS, Sanches JA, de Oliveira WR, et al. Treatment of cutaneous tumors with topical 5% imiquimod cream. Clinics 2009;64:961-966
65. Micali G, Nasca MR, De Pasquale R. Erythroplasia of Queyrat treated with imiquimod 5% cream. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:901-903
66. Ahmed I, Berth-Jones J. Imiquimod: a novel treatment for lentigo maligna. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:843-845
67. Naylor MF, Crowson N, Kuwahara R, et al. Treatment of lentigo maligna with topical imiquimod. Br J Dermatol 2003;149(Suppl 66):66-70
68. Rajpar SF, Marsden JR. Imiquimod in the treatment of lentigo maligna. Br J Dermatol 2006;155:653-656
69. Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Nardone B, Nasca MR. Videodermatoscopy of lentigo maligna treated with imiquimod. J Drugs Dermatol 2008;7:1077-1080
70. Powell AM, Robson AM, Russell-Jones R, Barlow RJ. Imiquimod and lentigo maligna: a search for prognostic features in a clinicopathological study with long-term follow-up. Br J Dermatol 2009;160:994-998
71. Junkins-Hopkins JM. Imiquimod use in the treatment of lentigo maligna. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;61:865-867
72. Walling HW. Lentigo maligna: current concepts in diagnosis and management. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2009;144:149-155
73. Navi D, Huntley A. Imiquimod 5 percent cream and the treatment of cutaneous malignancy. Dermatol Online J 2004;10(1):4
74. Woodmansee CS, McCall MW. Recurrence of lentigo maligna and development of invasive melanoma after treatment of lentigo maligna with imiquimod. Dermatol Surg 2009;35:1286-1289
75. Brown T, Zirvi M, Cotsarelis G, et al. Vitiligo-like hypopigmentation associated with imiquimod treatment of genital warts. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;52:715-716
76. Gilliet M, Conrad C, Geiges M, et al. Psoriasis triggered by toll-like receptor 7 agonist imiquimod in the presence of dermal plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:1490-1495
77. Mashiah J, Brenner S. Possible mechanisms in the induction of pemphigus foliaceus by topical imiquimod treatment. Arch Dermatol 2005;141:908-909
78. Zalaudek I, Petrillo G, Argenziano G. Aphthous ulcers and imiquimod. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;53:360-361
79. Barton JC. Angioedema associated with imiquimod. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:477-478
80. Marty CL, Randle HW, Walsh JS. Eruptive epidermoid cysts resulting from treatment with imiquimod. Dermatol Surg 2005;31:780-782
81. Sriprakash K, Godbolt A. Vitiligo-like depigmentation induced by imiquimod treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma. Australas J Dermatol 2009;50:211-213
82. Yi BA, Nirenberg MJ, Goldstein SM, et al. Chronic neuropathic pain associated with imiquimod: report of 2 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;52:57-58
83. Benson E. Imiquimod: potential risk of an immunostimulant. Australas J Dermatol 2004;45:123-124
84. Scheinfeld N, Lehman DS. An evidence-based review of medical and surgical treatments of genital warts. Dermatol Online J 2006;12(3):5
85. Buckman SY, Gresham A, Hale P, et al. COX-2 expression is induced by UVB exposure in human skin: implications for the development of skin cancer. Carcinogenesis 1998;19:723-729
86. Masferrer JL, Leahy KM, Koki AT, et al. Antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Cancer Res 2000;60:1306-1311
87. Eberle J, Fecker LF, Forschner T, et al. Apoptosis pathways as promising targets for skin cancer therapy. Br J Dermatol 2007;156(Suppl 3):18-24
88. Fecker LF, Stockfleth E, Nindl I, et al. The role of apoptosis in therapy and prophylaxis of epithelial tumours by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Br J Dermatol 2007;156(Suppl 3):25-33
89. Zhan H, Zheng H. The role of topical cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors in skin cancer: treatment and prevention. Am J Clin Dermatol 2007;8:195-200
90. Subbaramaiah K, Zakim D, Weksler BB, Dannenberg AJ. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase: a novel approach to cancer prevention. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1997;216:201-210
91. Merk HF. Topical diclofenac in the treatment of actinic keratoses. Int J Dermatol 2007;46:12-18
92. Nelson C, Rigel D, Smith S, et al. Phase IV, open-label assessment of the treatment of actinic keratosis with 3.0% diclofenac sodium topical gel (Solaraze). J Drugs Dermatol 2004;3:401-407
93. Wolf JE Jr, Taylor JR, Tschen E, Kang S. Topical 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel in the treatment of actinic keratoses. Int J Dermatol 2001;40:709-713
94. Dirschka T, Bierhoff E, Pflugfelder A, Garbe C. Topical 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronic acid gel induces regression of cancerous transformation in actinic keratoses. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010;24:258-263
95. Kose O, Koc E, Erbil AH, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of 3% diclofenac sodium gel and 5% imiquimod cream in the treatment of actinic keratosis. J Dermatolog Treat 2008;19:159-163
96. Rivers JK, Arlette J, Shear N, et al. Topical treatment of actinic keratoses with 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel. Br J Dermatol 2002;146:94-100
97. Smith SR, Morhenn VB, Piacquadio DJ. Bilateral comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of 3% diclofenac sodium gel and 5% 5-fluorouracil cream in the treatment of actinic keratoses of the face and scalp. J Drugs Dermatol 2006;5:156-159
98. Dawe SA, Salisbury JR, Higgins E. Two cases of Bowen's disease successfully treated topically with 3% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005;30:712-713
99. Bollag W, Ott F. Retinoic acid: topical treatment of senile or actinic keratoses and basal cell carcinomas. Agents Actions 1970;1:172-175
100. Kligman AL, Thorne EG. Topical therapy of actinic keratoses with tretinoin. In: Marks R, editor, Retinoids in Cutaneous Malignancy. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford; 1991. p. 66-73
101. Odom R. Managing actinic keratoses with retinoids. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:S74-8
102. Alirezai M, Dupuy P, Amblard P, et al. Clinical evaluation of topical isotretinoin in the treatment of actinic keratoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;30:447-451
103. Bercovitch L. Topical chemotherapy of actinic keratoses of the upper extremity with tretinoin and 5-fluorouracil: a double-blind controlled study. Br J Dermatol 1987;116:549-552
104. Kang S, Goldfarb MT, Weiss JS, et al. Assessment of adapalene gel for the treatment of actinic keratoses and lentigines: a randomized trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;49:83-90
105. Lee S, Selva D, Huilgol SC, et al. Pharmacological treatments for basal cell carcinoma. Drugs 2007;67:915-934
106. So PL, Fujimoto MA, Epstein EH Jr. Pharmacologic retinoid signaling and physiologic retinoic acid receptor signaling inhibit basal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7:1275-1284
107. Peris K, Ferrari A, Fargnoli MC, et al. Dermoscopic monitoring of tazarotene treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma. Dermatol Surg 2005;31:217-220 (Pubitemid 40990955)
108. Chimenti S, Carrozzo AM, Citarella L, et al. Treatment of lentigo maligna with tazarotene 0.1% gel. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:101-103
109. Slaughter DP, Southwick HW, Smejkal W. Field cancerization in oral stratified squamous epithelium; clinical implications of multicentric origin. Cancer 1953;6:963-968
110. Ulrich C. Topical treatment of field cancerization. Cancer Treat Res 2009;146:439-446
111. Vatve M, Ortonne JP, Birch-Machin MA, Gupta G. Management of field change in actinic keratosis. Br J Dermatol 2007;157(Suppl 2):21-24
112. Szeimies RM, Bichel J, Ortonne JP, et al. A phase II dose-ranging study of topical resiquimod to treat actinic keratosis. Br J Dermatol 2008;159:205-210