Male sterility-inducing mitochondrial genomes: How do they differ?

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

Volumn 30, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 378-400

  Kubo, Tomohiko ^a   Kitazaki, Kazuyoshi ^a   Matsunaga, Muneyuki ^a   Kagami, Hiroyo ^a   Mikami, Tetsuo ^a  

^a HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cytoplasmicmale sterility; Fertility restorer gene; Mitochondrial genome; Nuclear mitochondrial interaction; Plant mitochondria

Indexed keywords

MAGNOLIOPHYTA;

EID: 79961017337     PISSN: 07352689     EISSN: 15497836     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2011.587727     Document Type: Article

References (292)

1. Abad, A. R., Mehrtens, B. J., and Mackenzie, S. A. 1995. Specific expression in reproductive tissues and fate of a mitochondrial sterility-associated protein in cytoplasmic male-sterile bean. Plant Cell. 7: 271-285.
2. Abdelnoor, R. V., Yule, R., Elo, A., Christensen, A. C., Meyer-Gauren, G., and Mackenzie, S. A. 2003. Substiochiometric shifting in the plant mitochondrial genome is influenced by a gene homologous to MutS. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100: 5968-5973.
3. Adams, K. L., Daley, D. O., Whelan, J., and Palmer, J. D. 2002a. Genes for two mitochondrial ribosomal proteins in flowering plants are derived from their chloroplast or cytosolic counterparts. Plant Cell. 14: 931-943.
4. Adams, K. L., and Palmer, J. D. 2003. Evolution of mitochondrial gene content: gene loss and transfer to the nucleus. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 29: 380-395.
5. Adams, K. L., Qiu, Y. L., Stoutemyer, M., and Palmer, J. D. 2002b. Punctuated evolution of mitochondrial gene content: High and variable rates of mitochondrial gene loss and transfer to the nucleus during angiosperm evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99: 9905-9912.
6. Akagi, H., Nakamura, A., Yokozeki-Misono, Y., Inagaki, A., Takahashi, H., Mori, K., and Fujimura, T. 2004. Positional cloning of the rice Rf-1 gene, a restorer of BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility that encodes a mitochondriatargeting PPR protein. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108: 1449-1457.
7. Akagi, H., Sakamoto, M., Shinjyo, C., Shimada, H., and Fujimura, T. 1994. A unique sequence located downstream from the rice mitochondrial atp6 may cause male sterility. Curr. Genet. 25: 52-58.
8. Allen, J. O., Fauron, C. M., Minx, P., Roark, L., Oddiraju, S., Lin, G. N., Meyer, L., Sun, H., Kim, K., Wang, C., Du, F., Xu, D., Gibson, M., Cifrese, J., Clifton, S. W., and Newton, K. J. 2007. Comparisons among two fertile and three male-sterile mitochondrial genomes of maize. Genetics. 177: 1173-1192.
9. Alverson, A. J., Wei, X. X., Rice, D. W., Stern, D. B., Barry, K., and Palmer, J. D. 2010. Insights into the evolution of mitochondrial genome size from complete sequences of Citrullus lanatus and Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae). Mol. Biol. Evol. 27: 1436-1448.
10. Anderson, S., Bankier, A. T., Barrell, B. G., de Bruijn, M. H., Coulson, A. R., Drouin, J., Eperon, I. C., Nierlich, D. P., Roe, B. A., Sanger, F., Schreier, P. H., Smith, A. J., Staden, R., and Young, I. G. 1981. Sequence and organization of human mitochondrial genome. Nature. 290: 457-465.
11. Anderson, S., de Bruijn, M. H., Coulson, A. R., Eperon, I. C., Sanger, F., and Young, I. G. 1982. Complete nucleotide sequence of bovine mitochondrial DNA: conserved features of the mammalian mitochondrial genomes. J. Mol. Biol. 156: 683-717.
12. Andre, C., Levy, A., and Walbot, V. 1992. Small repeated sequences and the structure of plant mitochondrial genomes. Trends Genet. 8: 128-132.
13. Andre, C. P., andWalbot, V. 1995. Pulsed field gel mapping of maize mitochondrial chromosomes. Mol. Gen. Genet. 247: 255-263.
14. Arrieta-Montiel, M., Lyznik, A., Woloszynska, M., Janska, H., Tohme, J., and Mackenzie, S. 2001. Tracing evolutionary and developmental implications of mitochondrial stoichiometric shifting in the common bean. Genetics. 158: 851-864.
15. Arrieta-Montiel, M. P., Shedge, V., Davila, J., Christensen, A. C., and Mackenzie, S. A. 2009. Diversity of the Arabidopsis mitochondrial genome occurs via nuclear-controlled recombination activity. Genetics. 183: 1261-1268.
16. Arumuganathan, K., and Earle, E. D. 1991. Nuclear DNA content of some important plant species. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 9: 208-218.
17. Ashutosh, Kumar, P., Kumar, V. D., Sharma, P. C., Prakash, S., and Bhat, S. R. 2008. A novel orf108 co-transcribed with the atpA gene is associated with cytoplasmic male sterility in Brassica juncea carrying Moricandia arvensis cytoplasm. Plant Cell Physiol. 49: 284-289.
18. Balk, J., and Leaver, C. J. 2001. The PET1-CMSmitochondrial mutation in sunflower is associated with premature programmed cell death and cytochrome c release. Plant Cell. 13: 1803-1818.
19. Barkman, T. J., McNeal, J. R., Lim, S. H., Coat, G., Croom, H. B., Young, N. D., and dePamphilis, C. W. 2007. Mitochondrial DNA suggests at least 11 origins of parasitism in angiosperms and reveals genomic chimerism in parasitic plants. BMC Evol. Biol. 7: 248.
20. Barr, C. M., and Fishman, L. 2010. The nuclear component of a cytonuclear hybrid incompatibility in Mimulus maps to a cluster of pentatricopeptide repeat genes. Genetics. 184: 455-465.
21. Barr, C. M., Keller, S. R., Ingvarsson, P. K., Sloan, D. B., and Taylor, D. R. 2007. Variation in mutation rate and polymorphism among mitochondrial genes of Silene vulgaris. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24: 1783-1791.
22. Bartoszewski, G., Gawronski, P., Szklarczyk, M., Verbakel, H., and Havey, M. J. 2009. A one-megabase physical map provides insights on gene organization in the enormous mitochondrial genome of cucumber. Genome. 52: 299-307.
23. Bartoszewski, G., Havey, M. J., Ziolkowska, A., Dlugosz, M., and Malepszy, S. 2007. The selection of mosaic (MSC) phenotype after passage of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through cell culture: a method to obtain plant mitochondrial mutants. J. Appl. Genet. 48: 1-9.
24. Beckett, J. B. 1971. Classification of male-sterile cytoplasms in maize (Zea mays L.). Crop Sci. 11: 724-727.
25. Bellaoui, M., Pelletier, G., and Budar, F. 1997. The steady-state level of mRNA from the Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility locus in Brassica cybrids is determined post-transcriptionally by its 3' region. EMBO J. 16: 5057-5068.
26. Bellaoui, M., Grelon, M., and Budar, F. 1999. The restorer Rfo gene acts posttranscriptionally on the stability of the ORF138 Ogura CMS-associated protein in reproductive tissues of rapeseed cybrids. Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 893-902.
27. Bendich, A. J. 1993. Reaching for the ring: the study of mitochondrial genome structure. Curr. Genet. 24: 279-290.
28. Bentolila, S., Alfonso, A. A., and Hanson, M. R. 2002. A pentatricopeptide repeat-containing gene restores fertility to cytoplasmic male-sterile plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99: 10887-10892.
29. Bentolila, S., Elliott, L. E., and Hanson, M. R. 2008. Genetic architecture of mitochondrial editing in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics. 178: 1693-1708.
30. Bergthorsson, U., Adams, K. L., Thomason, B., and Palmer, J. D. 2003. Widespread horizontal transfer of mitochondrial genes in flowering plants. Nature. 424: 197-201.
31. Bergthorsson, U., Richardson, A. O., Young, G. J., Goertzen, L. R., and Palmer, J. D. 2004. Massive horizontal transfer of mitochondrial genes from diverse land plant donors to the basal angiosperm Amborella. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101: 17747-17752.
32. Bett, K. E., and Lydiate, D. J. 2004. Mapping and genetic characterization of loci controlling the restoration of male fertility in Ogura CMS radish. Mol. Breed. 13: 125-133.
33. Bock, H., Brennicke, A., and Schuster, W. 1994. Rps3 and rpl16 genes do not overlap in Oenothera mitochondria: GTG as a potential translation initiation codon in plant mitochondria?. Plant Mol. Biol. 24: 811-818.
34. Bock, R. 2010. The give-and-take of DNA: horizontal gene transfer in plants. Trends Plant Sci. 15: 11-22.
35. Bonen, L. 2008. Cis- andtrans-splicing of group II introns in plantmitochondria. Mitochondrion. 8: 26-34.
36. Bonhomme, S., Budar, F., Lancelin, D., Small, I., Defrance, M. C., and Pelletier, G. 1992. Sequence and transcript analysis of the Nco2.5 Ogura-specific fragment correlated with cytoplasmic male-sterility in Brassica cybrids. Mol. Gen. Genet. 235: 340-348.
37. Brown, G. G., Formanova, N., Jin, H., Wargachuk, R., Dendy, C., Patil, P., Laforest, M., Zhang, J. F., Cheung, W. Y., and Landry, B. S. 2003. The radish Rfo restorer gene of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a protein with multiple pentatricopeptide repeats. Plant J. 35: 262-272.
38. Budar, F., Delourme, R., and Pelletier, G. 2004. Male sterility. In: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry: Brassica (Pva, E.-C. and Douglas, C. J. eds). Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 43-64.
39. Budar, F., Touzet, P., and Pelletier, G. 2006. Cytoplasmic male sterility. In: Flowering and ItsManipulation.Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 147-180.
40. Bullerwell, C. E., and Gray, M. W. 2004. Evolution of the mitochondrial genome: protist connections to animals, fungi and plants. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 7: 528-534.
41. Carlsson, J., Leino, M., and Glimelius, K. 2007. Mitochondrial genotypes with variable parts of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA affect development in Brassica napus lines. Theor. Appl. Genet. 115: 627-641.
42. Ceci, L. R., Veronico, P., and Gallerani, R. 1996. Identification and mapping of tRNA genes on the Helianthus annuus mitochondrial genome. DNA Seq. 6: 159-166.
43. Chase, C. D. 2007. Cytoplasmic male sterility: a window to the world of plant mitochondrial-nuclear interactions. Trends Genet. 23: 81-90.
44. Chaumont, F., Bernier, B., Buxant, R., Williams, M. E., Levings, C. S., and Boutry, M. 1995. Targeting the maize T-urf13 product into tobacco mitochondria confers methomyl sensitivity to mitochondrial respiration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92: 1167-1171.
45. Cheng, D., Yoshida, Y., Kitazaki, K., Negoro, S., Takahashi, H., Xu, D., Mikami, T., and Kubo, T. 2010. Mitochondrial genome diversity in Beta vulgaris L. ssp vulgaris (Leaf and Garden Beet Groups) and its implications concerning the dissemination of the crop. Genet. Res. Crop Evol. doi: 10.1007/s10722- 010-9598-9.
46. Cho, Y., Mower, J. P., Qiu, Y. L., and Palmer, J. D. 2004. Mitochondrial substitution rates are extraordinarily elevated and variable in a genus of flowering plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101: 17741-17746.
47. Clifton, S. W., Minx, P., Fauron, C. M.R., Gibson, M., Allen, J. O., Sun, H., Thompson, M., Barbazuk, W. B., Kanuganti, S., Tayloe, C., Meyer, L., Wilson, R. K, and Newton, K. J. 2004. Sequence and comparative analysis of the maize NB mitochondrial genome. Plant Physiol. 136: 3486-3503.
48. Connett, M. B., and Hanson, M. R. 1990. Differential mitochondrial electrontransport through the cyanide-sensitive and cyanide-insensitive pathways in isonuclear lines of cytoplasmicmale sterile, male fertile, and restored petunia. Plant Physiol. 93: 1634-1640.
49. Covello, P. S., and Gray, M. W. 1992. Silent mitochondrial and active nuclear genes for subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase (cox2) in soybean: evidence for RNA-mediated gene transfer. EMBO J. 11: 3815-3820.
50. Cui, P., Liu, H. T., Lin, Q., Ding, F., Zhuo, G. Y., Hu, S. N., Liu, D. C., Yang, W. L., Zhan, K. H., Zhang, A. M., and Yu, J. 2009. A complete mitochondrial genome of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Yumai), and fast evolving mitochondrial genes in higher plants. J. Genet. 88: 299-307.
51. Cui, X. Q., Wise, R. P, and Schnable, P. S. 1996. The rf2 nuclear restorer gene of male-sterile T-cytoplasm maize. Science. 272: 1334-1336.
52. Cummings, M. P., Nugent, J. M., Olmstead, R. G., and Palmer, J. D. 2003. Phylogenetic analysis reveals five independent transfers of the chloroplast gene rbcL to the mitochondrial genome in angiosperms. Curr. Genet. 43: 131-138.
53. Cusimano, N., Zhang, L. B., and Renner, S. S. 2008. Reevaluation of the cox1 intron in Araceae and angiosperms indicates a history dominated by loss rather than horizontal transfer. Mol. Biol. Evol. 25: 265-276.
54. Dai, H., Lo, Y.-S., Litvinchuk, A., Wang, Y.-T., Jane, W.-N., Hsiao, L.-J., and Chiang, K.-S. 2005: Structural and functional characterizations of mung bean mitochondrial nucleoids. Nucl. Acids Res. 33: 4725-4739.
55. Davis, C. C., Anderson, W. R., and Wurdack, K. J. 2005. Gene transfer from a parasitic flowering plant to a fern. Proc. R. Soc. B. 272: 2237-2242.
56. Davis, C. C., andWurdack, K. J. 2004. Host-to-parasite gene transfer in flowering plants: phylogenetic evidence fromMalpighiales. Science. 305: 676-678.
57. Delph, L. F., Touzet, P., and Bailey, M. F. 2007. Merging theory and mechanism in studies of gynodioecy. Trends Ecol. Evol. 22: 17-24.
58. Desloire, S., Gherbi, H., Laloui, W., Marhadour, S., Clouet, V., Cattolico, L., Falentin, C., Giancola, S., Renard, M., Budar, F., Small, I., Caboche, M., Delourme, R, and Bendahmane, A. 2003. Identification of the fertility restoration locus, Rfo, in radish, as a member of the pentatricopeptide-repeat protein family. EMBO Rep. 4: 588-594.
59. Dewey, R. E., Levings, C. S.III, and Timothy, D. H. 1986. Novel recombination in the maize mitochondrial genome produce a unique transcriptional unit in the Texas male-sterile cytoplasm. Cell. 44: 439-449.
60. Dewey, R. E., Timothy, D. H., and Levings, C. S. III. 1987. A mitochondrial protein associated with cytoplasmicmale sterility in the T cytoplasm ofmaize. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84: 5374-5378.
61. Dewey, R. E., Siedow, J. N., Timothy, D. H., and Levings, C. S. III 1988. A 13- kilodalton maize mitochondrial protein in Escherichia coli confers sensitivity to Bipolaris maydis toxin. Science. 239: 293-295.
62. Dieterich, J. H., Braun, H. P., and Schmitz, U. K. 2003. Alloplasmic male sterility in Brassica napus (CMS 'Tournefortii-Stiewe') is associated with a special gene arrangement around a novel atp9 gene. Mol. Genet. Genomics. 269: 723-731.
63. Dill, C. L., Wise, R. P., and Schnable, P. S. 1997. Rf8 and Rf * mediate unique T-urf13-transcript accumulation, revealing a conserved motif associated with RNA processing and restoration of pollen fertility in T-cytoplasm maize. Genetics. 147: 1367-1379.
64. Dong, F. G., Wilson, K. G., and Makaroff, C. A. 1998. The radish (Raphanus sativus L.) mitochondrial cox2 gene contains an ACG at the predicted translation initiation site. Curr. Genet. 34: 79-87.
65. Dubreucq, A., Berthe, B., Asset, J. F., Boulidard, L., Budar, F., Vasseur, J., and Rambaud, C. 1999. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA structure and expression in three cytoplasmic male-sterile chicories originating from somatic hybridization between fertile chicory and CMS sunflower protoplasts. Theor. Appl. Genet. 99: 1094-1105.
66. Duchene, A. M., and Marechal-Drouard, L. 2001. The chloroplast-derived trnW and trnM-e genes are not expressed in Arabidopsis mitochondria. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 285: 1213-1216.
67. Duchene, A. M., Pujol, C., and Marechal-Drouard, L. 2009. Import of tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases into mitochondria. Curr. Genet. 55: 1-18.
68. Ducos, E., Touzet, P., and Boutry, M. 2001. The male sterility G cytoplasm of wild beet displays modified mitochondrial respiratory complexes. Plant J. 26: 171-180.
69. Duroc, Y., Gaillard, C., Hiard, S., Defrance, M. C., Pelletier, G., and Budar, F. 2005. Biochemical and functional characterization of ORF138, a mitochondrial protein responsible for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility in Brassiceae. Biochimie. 87: 1089-1100.
70. Duroc, Y., Gaillard, C., Hiard, S., Tinchant, C., Berthome, R., Pelletier, G., and Budar, F. 2006. Nuclear expression of a cytoplasmic male sterility gene modifies mitochondrial morphology in yeast and plant cells. Plant Sci. 170: 755-767.
71. Duroc, Y., Hiard, S., Vrielynck, N., Ragu, S., and Budar, F. 2009. The Ogura sterility-inducing protein forms a large complex without interfering with the oxidative phosphorylation components in rapeseed mitochondria. Plant Mol. Biol. 70: 123-137.
72. Duvick, D. N. 1965. Cytoplasmic pollen sterility in corn. Advances Genet. 13: 1-56.
73. Fan, Z., and Stefansson, B. R. 1986. Influence of temperature on sterility of two cytoplasmic male-sterility systems in rape (Brassica napus L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 66: 221-227.
74. Fauron, C. M.R. and Casper, M. 1994. A second type pf normal maize mitochondrial genome: an evolutionary link. Genetics. 137: 875-882.
75. Fauron, C. M.R. and Havlik, M. 1989. The maize mitochondrial genome of the normal type and the cytoplasmic male sterile type-T have very different organization. Curr. Genet. 15: 149-154.
76. Fenart, S., Touzet, P., Arnaud, J.-F., and Cuguen, J. 2006. Emergence of gynodioecy in wild beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima L.): a genealogical approach using chloroplastic nucleotide sequences. Proc. Roy. Soc. B. 273: 1391-1398.
77. Feng, X., Kaur, A. P., Mackenzie, S. A., and Dweikat, I. M. 2009. Substoichiometric shifting in the fertility reversion of cytoplasmic male sterile pearl millet. Theor. Appl. Genet. 118: 1361-1370.
78. Flavell, R. 1974. A model for the mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility in plants, with special reference to maize. Plant Sci. Lett. 3: 259-263.
79. Folkerts, O., and Hanson, M. R. 1991. The male sterility-associated pcf gene and the normal atp9-1 gene in petunia are located on different mitochondrial DNA molecules. Genetics. 129: 885-895.
80. Forner, J., Weber, B., Thuss, S., Wildum, S., and Binder, S. 2007. Mapping of mitochondrial mRNA termini in Arabidopsis thaliana: t-elements contribute to 5' and 3' end formation. Nucl. Acids Res. 35: 3676-3692.
81. Fujii, S., Kazama, T., Yamada, M., and Toriyama, K. 2010a. Discovery of global genomic re-organization based on comparison of two newly sequenced rice mitochondrial genomes with cytoplasmic male sterility-related genes. BMC Genom. 11: 15.
82. Fujii, S., and Toriyama, K. 2008a. DCW11, Down-Regulated gene 11 in CWtype cytoplasmic male sterile rice, encoding mitochondrial protein phosphatase 2C is related to cytoplasmic male sterility. Plant Cell Physiol. 49: 633-640.
83. Fujii, S., and Toriyama, K. 2008b. Genome barriers between nuclei and mitochondria exemplified by cytoplasmic male sterility. Plant Cell Physiol. 49: 1484-1494.
84. Fujii, S., and Toriyama, K. 2009. Suppressed expression of RETROGRADEREGULATEDMALE STERILITY restores pollen fertility in cytoplasmicmale sterile rice plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 106: 9513-9518.
85. Fujii, S., Yamada, M., Fujita, M., Itabashi, E., Hamada, K., Yano, K., Kurata, N., and Toriyama, K. 2010b. Cytoplasmic-nuclear genomic barriers in rice pollen development revealed by comparison of global gene expression profiles among five independent cytoplasmic male sterile lines. Plant Cell Physiol. 51: 610-620.
86. Fujii, S., Yamada, M., and Toriyama, K. 2009. Cytoplasmic male sterilityrelated protein kinase, OsNek3, is regulated downstream of mitochondrial protein phosphatase 2C, DCW11. Plant Cell Physiol. 50: 828-837.
87. Gabay-Laughnan, S., and Newton, K. J. 2005. Mitochondrial mutations in maize. Maydica. 50: 349-359.
88. Gamaley, I. A., and Klyubin, I. V. 1999. Roles of reactive oxygen species: Signaling and regulation of cellular functions. Int. Rev. Cyt. 188: 203-255.
89. Gass, N., Glagotskaia, T., Mellema, S., Stuurman, J., Barone, M., Mandel, T., Roessner-Tunali, U., and Kuhlemeier, C. 2005. Pyruvate decarboxylase provides growing pollen tubes with a competitive advantage in petunia. Plant Cell. 17: 2355-2368.
90. Geddy, R., Mahe, L., and Brown, G. G. 2005. Cell-specific regulation of a Brassica napus CMS-associated gene by a nuclear restorer with related effects on a floral homeotic gene promoter. Plant J. 41: 333-345.
91. Geiss, K.T., Abbas, G. M., and Makaroff, C.A. 1994. Intron loss from theNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 gene of lettuce mitochondrial DNA: evidence for homologous recombination of a cDNA intermediate. Mol. Gen. Genet. 243: 97-105.
92. Gillman, J. D., Bentolila, S., and Hanson, M. R. 2007. The petunia restorer of fertility protein is part of a large mitochondrial complex that interacts with transcripts of the CMS-associated locus. Plant J. 49: 217-227.
93. Glab, N., Wise, R. P., Pring, D. R., Jacq, C., and Slonimski, P. 1990. Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a gene associated with cytoplasmic male-sterility from maize: respiratory dysfunction and uncoupling of yeast mitochondria. Mol. Gen. Genet. 223: 24-32.
94. Glover, K. E., Spencer, D. F., and Gray, M. W. 2001. Identification and structural characterization of nucleus-encoded transfer RNAs imported into wheat mitochondria. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 639-648.
95. Goremykin, V. V., Salamini, F., Velasco, R., and Viola, R. 2009. Mitochondrial DNA of Vitis vinifera and the issue of rampant horizontal gene transfer. Mol. Biol. Evol. 26: 99-110.
96. Gray, M.W. 1999. Evolution of organellar genomes Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 9: 678-687.
97. Gray, M. W., Lang, B. F., and Burger, G. 2004. Mitochondria of protists. Ann. Rev. Genet. 38: 477-524.
98. Grewe, F., Viehoever, P., Weisshaar, B., and Knoop, V. 2009. A trans-splicing group I intron and tRNA-hyperediting in the mitochondrial genome of the lycophyte Isoetes engelmannii. Nucl. Acids Res. 37: 5093-5104.
99. Handa, H. 2003. The complete nucleotide sequence and RNA editing content of the mitochondrial genome of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): comparative analysis of the mitochondrial genomes of rapeseed and Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucl. Acids Res. 31: 5907-5916.
100. Handa, H. 2008. Linear plasmids in plant mitochondria: peaceful coexistences or malicious invasions? Mitochondrion. 8: 15-25.
101. Hanson, M. R., and Bentolila, S. 2004. Interactions of mitochondrial and nuclear genes that affect male gametophyte development. Plant Cell. 16: S154-S169.
102. Hao, W., and Palmer, J. D. 2009. Fine-scale mergers of chloroplast and mitochondrial genes create functional, transcompartmentally chimeric mitochondrial genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 106: 16728-16733.
103. Harrison, J. S., and Burton, R. S. 2006. Tracing hybrid incompatibilities to single amino acid substitutions. Mol. Biol. Evol. 23: 559-564.
104. Hazle, T., and Bonen, L. 2007. Comparative analysis of sequences preceding protein-coding mitochondrial genes in flowering plants. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24: 1101-1112.
105. He, S. C., Abad, A. R., Gelvin, S. B., andMackenzie, S. A. 1996. A cytoplasmic male sterility-associated mitochondrial protein causes pollen disruption in transgenic tobacco. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93: 11763-11768.
106. Hochholdinger, F., Guo, L., and Schnable, P. S. 2004. Cytoplasmic regulation of the accumulation of nuclear-encoded proteins in the mitochondrial proteome of maize. Plant J. 37: 199-208.
107. Holec, S., Lange, H., Canaday, J., and Gagliardi, D. 2008. Coping with cryptic and defective transcripts in plantmitochondria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1779: 566-573.
108. Huang, J., Lee, S. H., Lin, C., Medici, R., Hack, E., and Myers, A. M. 1990. Expression in yeast of the T-URF13 protein from Texas male-sterile maize mitochondria confers sensitivity to methomyl and to Texas-cytoplasm-specific fungal toxins. EMBO J. 9: 339-347.
109. Huang, J., Struck, F., Matzinger, D. F., and Levings, C. S. 1994. Flowerenhanced expression of a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial respiratory protein is associated with changes in mitochondrial number. Plant Cell. 6: 439-448.
110. Itabashi, E., Kazama, T., and Toriyama, K. 2009. Characterization of cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with Lead Rice cytoplasm in comparison with that with Chinsurah Boro II cytoplasm. Plant Cell Rep. 28: 233-239.
111. Itchoda, N., Nishizawa, S., Nagano, H., Kubo, T., and Mikami, T. 2002. The sugar beet mitochondrial nad4 gene: an intron loss and its phylogenetic implication in the Caryophyllales. Theor. Appl. Genet. 104: 209-213.
112. Iwabuchi, M., Kyozuka, J., and Shimamoto, K. 1993. Processing followed by complete editing of an altered mitochondrial atp6 RNA restores fertility of cytoplasmic male sterile rice. EMBO J. 12: 1437-1446.
113. Iwabuchi, M., Koizuka, N., Fujimoto, H., Sakai, T., and Imamura, J. 1999. Identification and expression of the kosena radish (Raphanus sativus cv. Kosena) homologue of the ogura radish CMS-associated gene, orf138. Plant Mol. Biol. 39: 183-188.
114. Jabs, T. 1999. Reactive oxygen intermediates as mediators of programmed cell death in plants and animals. Biochem. Pharmacol. 57: 231-245.
115. Janska, H., and Mackenzie, S. A. 1993. Unusual mitochondrial genome organization in cytoplasmicmale-sterile common bean and the nature of cytoplasmic reversion to fertility. Genetics. 135: 869-879.
116. Janska, H., Sarria, R., Woloszynska, M., Arrieta-Montiel, M., and Mackenzie, S. A. 1998. Stoichiometric shifts in the common bean mitochondrial genome leading to male sterility and spontaneous reversion to fertility. Plant Cell. 10: 1163-1180.
117. Jiang, P. D., Zhang, X. Q., Zhu, Y. G., Zhu, W., Xie, H. Y, and Wang, X. D. 2007. Metabolism of reactive oxygen species in cotton cytoplasmic male sterility and its restoration. Plant Cell Rep. 26: 1627-1634.
118. Johns, C., Nickels, R., McIntosh, L., andMackenzie, S. 1993. The expression of alternative oxidase and alternative respiratory capacity in cytoplasmic malesterile common bean. Sex. Plant Reprod. 6: 257-265.
119. Jordan, D. R., Mace, E. S., Henzell, R. G., Klein, P. E., and Klein, R. R. 2010. Molecular mapping and candidate gene identification of the Rf2 gene for pollen fertility restoration in sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Theor. Appl. Genet. 120: 1279-1287.
120. Joyce, P. B. M., and Gray, M. W. 1989. Chloroplast-like transfer RNA genes expressed in wheat mitochondria. Nucl. Acids Res. 17: 5461-5476.
121. Kanazawa, A., Tsutsumi, N., and Hirai, A. 1994. Reversible changes in the composition of the population of mtDNAs during dedifferentiation and regeneration in tobacco. Genetics. 138: 865-870.
122. Karpova, O.V., Kuzmin, E.V., Elthon, T. E., and Newton, K. J. 2002. Differential expression of alternative oxidase genes inmaize mitochondrial mutants. Plant Cell. 14: 3271-3284.
123. Katsuo, K., and Mizushima, U. 1958. Studies on the cytoplasmic difference among rice varieties, Oryza sativa L. I. On the fertility of hybrids obtained reciprocally between cultivated and wild varieties. Japan. Journal Breed. 8: 1-5.
124. Kaul, M. L.H. 1988. Male Sterility in Higher Plants. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
125. Kawanishi, Y., Shinada, H., Matsunaga, M., Masaki, Y., Mikami, T., and Kubo, T. 2010. A new source of cytoplasmic male sterility found in wild beet and its relationship to other CMS types. Genome. 53: 251-256.
126. Kazama, T., Nakamura, T., Watanabe, M., Sugita, M., and Toriyama, K. 2008. Suppression mechanism of mitochondrial ORF79 accumulation by Rf1 protein in BT-type cytoplasmic male sterile rice. Plant J. 55: 619-628.
127. Kazama, T., and Toriyama, K. 2003. A pentatricopeptide repeat-containing gene that promotes the processing of aberrant atp6 RNA of cytoplasmic male-sterile rice. FEBS Lett. 544: 99-102.
128. Kim, D. H., Kang, J. G., and Kim, B. D. 2007. Isolation and characterization of the cytoplasmic male sterility-associated orf456 gene of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Plant Mol. Biol. 63: 519-532.
129. Kim, S., and Yoon, M. K. 2010. Comparison of mitochondrial and chloroplast genome segments from three onion (Allium cepa L.) cytoplasm types and identification of a trans-splicing intron of cox2. Curr. Genet. 56: 177-188.
130. Kitazaki, K., and Kubo, T. 2010. Cost of having the largest mitochondrial genome: evolutionary mechanism of plant mitochondrial genome. J. Bot. 2010: Article ID: 620137.
131. Kitazaki, K., Nomoto, Y., Aoshima, A., Mikami, T., and Kubo, T. 2009. A mitochondrial gene involved in cytochrome c maturation (ccmC) is expressed as a precursor with a long NH2-terminal extension in sugar beet. J. Plant Physiol. 166: 775-780.
132. Klein, R. R., Klein, P. E., Mullet, J. E., Minx, P., Rooney, W. L., and Schertz, K. F. 2005. Fertility restorer locus Rf1 of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein not present in the colinear region of rice chromosome 12. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111: 994-1012.
133. Kleine, T., Maier, U. G., and Leister, D. 2009. DNA Transfer from organelles to the nucleus: the idiosyncratic genetics of endosymbiosis. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 60: 115-138.
134. Knoop, V. 2004. The mitochondrial DNA of land plants: peculiarities in phylogenetic perspective. Curr. Genet. 46: 123-139.
135. Koizuka, N., Imai, R., Fujimoto, H., Hayakawa, T., Kimura, Y., Kohno-Murase, J., Sakai, T., Kawasaki, S., and Imamura, J. 2003. Genetic characterization of a pentatricopeptide repeat protein gene, orf687, that restores fertility in the cytoplasmic male-sterile Kosena radish. Plant J. 34: 407-415.
136. Kojima, H., Kazama, T., Fujii, S., and Toriyama, K. 2010. Cytoplasmic male sterility-associated ORF79 is toxic to plant regeneration when expressed with mitochondrial targeting sequence of ATPase gamma subunit. Plant Biotech. 27: 111-114.
137. Kolodziejczak, M., Gibala, M., Urantowka, A., and Janska, H. 2007. The significance of Arabidopsis AAA proteases for activity and assembly/stability of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes. Physiol. Plant. 129: 135-142.
138. Komori, T., Ohta, S., Murai, N., Takakura, Y., Kuraya, Y., Suzuki, S., Hiei, Y., Imaseki, H., and Nitta, N. 2004. Map-based cloning of a fertility restorer gene, Rf-1, in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant J. 37: 315-325.
139. Korth, K. L., and Levings, C. S. 1993. Bacurovirus expression of the maize mitochondrial protein URF13 confers insecticidal activity in cell-cultures and larvae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90: 3388-3392.
140. Krishnasamy, S., Grant, R. A., and Makaroff, C. A. 1994. Subunit 6 of the F0- ATP synthase complex from cytoplasmic male-sterile radish: RNA editing and NH2-terminal protein sequencing. Plant Mol. Biol. 24: 129-141.
141. Krishnasamy, S., and Makaroff, C. A. 1994. Organ-specific reduction in the abundance of a mitochondrial protein accompanies fertility restoration in cytoplasmic male-sterile radish. Plant Mol. Biol. 26: 935-946.
142. Kubo, N., and Arimura, S. 2010. Discovery of the rpl10 gene in diverse plant mitochondrial genomes and its probable replacement by the nuclear gene for chloroplast RPL10 in two lineages of angiosperms. DNA Res. 17: 1-9.
143. Kubo, N., Salomon, B., Komatsuda, T., von Bothmer, R., and Kadowaki, K. 2005. Structural and distributional variation of mitochondrial rps2 genes in the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae). Theor. Appl. Genet. 110: 995-1002.
144. Kubo, T., and Mikami, T. 2007. Organization and variation of angiosperm mitochondrial genome. Physiol. Plant. 129: 6-13.
145. Kubo, T., and Newton, K. J. 2008. Angiosperm mitochondrial genomes and mutaitons. Mitochondrion. 8: 5-14.
146. Kubo, T., Nishizawa, S., and Mikami, T. 1999. Alterations in organization and transcription of the mitochondrial genome of cytoplasmic male sterile sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Mol. Gen. Genet. 262: 283-290.
147. Kubo, T., Nishizawa, S., Sugawara, A., Itchoda, N., Estiati, A., and Mikami, T. 2000. The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) reveals a novel gene for tRNACys(GCA). Nucl. Acids Res. 28: 2571-2576.
148. Kubo, T., Yanai, Y., Kinoshita, T, and Mikami, T. 1995. The chloroplast trnPtrnW- petG gene cluster in the mitochondrial genomes of Beta vulgaris, B. trigyna and B. webbiana: evolutionary aspects. Curr. Genet. 27: 285-289.
149. Kudla, J., Albertazzi, F. J., Blazevic, D., Hermann, M., and Bock, R. 2002. Loss of the mitochondrial cox2 intron 1 in a family of monocotyledonous plants and utilization of mitochondrial intron sequences for the construction of a nuclear intron. Mol. Genet. Genomics. 267: 223-230.
150. Kuhn, K., Bohne, A. V., Liere, K., Weihe, A., and Borner, T. 2007. Arabidopsis phage-type RNA polymerases: accurate in vitro transcription of organellar genes. Plant Cell. 19: 959-971.
151. Kuhn, K., Richter, U., Meyer, E. H., Delannoy, E., de Longevialle, A. F., O'Toole, N., Borner, T., Millar, A. H., Small, I. D., and Whelan, J. 2009. Phage-type RNA polymerase RPOTmp performs gene-specific transcription in mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell. 21: 2762-2779.
152. Kunzmann, A., Brennicke, A., and Marchfelder, A. 1998. 5' end maturation and RNA editing have to precede tRNA 3' processing in plant mitochondria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95: 108-113.
153. Kuzmin, E. V., Duvick, D. N., and Newton, K. J. 2005. A mitochondrial mutator system in maize. Plant Physiol. 137: 779-789.
154. L'Homme, Y., and Brown, G. G. 1993. Organizational differences between cytoplasmic male-sterile and male fertile Brassica mitochondrial genomes are confined to a single transposed locus. Nucl. Acids Res. 21: 1903-1909.
155. L'Homme, Y., Stahl, R. J., Li, X. Q., Hameed, A., and Brown, G. G. 1997. Brassica nap cytoplasmic male sterility is associated with expression of a mtDNA region containing a chimeric gene similar to the pol CMS-associated orf224 gene. Curr. Genet. 31: 325-335.
156. Lalanne, E., Mathieu, C., Vedel, F., and De Paepe, R. 1998. Tissue-specific expression of genes encoding isoforms of the mitochondrial ATPase beta subunit in Nicotiana sylvestris. Plant Mol. Biol. 38: 885-888.
157. Laroche, J., Li, P., Maggia, L., and Bousquet, J. 1997. Molecular evolution of angiosperm mitochondrial introns and exons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94: 5722-5727.
158. Laser, K. D., and Lersten, N. R. 1972. Anatomy and cytology of microsporogenesis in cytoplasmic male sterile angiosperms. Bot. Rev. 38: 425-454.
159. Laughnan, J. R., and Gabay-Laughnan, S. 1983. Cytoplasmic male sterility in maize. Annu. Rev. Genet. 17: 27-48.
160. Lee, H. Y., Chou, J. Y., Cheong, L., Chang, N. H., Yang, S. Y., and Leu, J. Y. 2008. Incompatibility of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes causes hybrid sterility between two yeast species. Cell. 135: 1065-1073.
161. Leon, P., Walbot, V., and Bedinger, P. 1989. Molecular analysis of the linear 2.3- kb plasmid of maize mitochondria: apparent capture of tRNA genes. Nucl. Acids Res. 17: 4089-4099.
162. Li, S. Q., Tan, Y. P., Wang, K., Wan, C. X., and Zhu, Y. G. 2008. Gametophytically alloplasmic CMS line of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with variant orfH79 haplotype corresponds to specific fertility restorer. Theor. Appl. Genet. 117: 1389-1397.
163. Li, X. Q., Jean, M., Landry, B. S., and Brown, G. G. 1998. Restorer genes for different forms of Brassica cytoplasmic male sterility map to a single nuclear locus that modifies transcripts of several mitochondrial genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95: 10032-10037.
164. Lilly, J. W., and Havey, M.J. 2001. Small, repetitive DNAs contribute significantly to the expanded mitochondrial genome of cucumber. Genetics. 159: 317-328.
165. Li-Pook-Than, J., Carrillo, C., and Bonen, L. 2004. Variation in mitochondrial transcript profiles of protein-coding genes during early germination and seedling development in wheat. Curr. Genet. 46: 374-380.
166. Li-Pook-Than, J., Carrillo, C., Niknejad, N., Calixte, S., Crosthwait, J., and Bonen, L. 2007. Relationship between RNA splicing and exon editing near intron junctions in wheat mitochondria. Physiol. Plant. 129: 23-33.
167. Linke, B., and Borner, T. 2005 Mitochondrial effects on flower and pollen development. Mitochondrion. 5: 389-402.
168. Liu, F., Cui, X. Q., Horner, H. T., Weiner, H., and Schnable, P. S. 2001. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is required for male fertility in maize. Plant Cell. 13: 1063-1078.
169. Liu, F., and Schnable, P. S. 2002. Functional specialization of maize mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases. Plant Physiol. 130: 1657-1674.
170. Mackenzie, S. A. 1991. Identification of a sterility-inducing cytoplasm in a fertile accession line of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Genetics. 127: 411-416.
171. Majewskasawka, A., Rodriguezgarcia, M. I., Nakashima, H., and Jassen, B. 1993. Ultrastructural expression of cytoplasmic male-sterility in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Sex. Plant Reprod. 6: 22-32.
172. Makaroff, C. A., and Palmer, J. D. 1988. Mitochondrial DNA rearrangements and transcriptional alterations in the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8: 1474-1480.
173. Manchekar, M., Scissum-Gunn, K. D., Hammett, L. A., Backert, S., andNielsen, B. L. 2009. Mitochondrial DNA recombination in Brassica campestris. Plant Sci. 177: 629-635.
174. Marechal, A., and Brisson, N. 2010. Recombination and the maintenance of plant organelle genome stability. New Phytol. 186: 299-317.
175. Marechal, L., Runebergroos, P., Grienenberger, J. M., Colin, J., Weil, J. H., Lejeune, B., Quetier, F., and Lonsdale, D. M. 1987. Homology in the region containing a tRNATrp gene and a (complete or partial) tRNAPro gene in wheat mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. Curr. Genet. 12: 91-98.
176. Marechal-Drouard, L., Guillemaut, P., Cosset, A., Arbogast, M., Weber, F., Weil, J. H., and Dietrich, A. 1990. Transfer RNAs of potato (Solanum tuberosum) mitochondria have different genetic origins. Nucl. Acids Res. 18: 3689-3696.
177. Marechal-Drouard, L., Kumar, R., Remacle, C., and Small, I. 1996.RNAediting of larch mitochondrial tRNAHis precursors is a prerequisite for processing. Nucl. Acids Res. 24: 3229-3234.
178. Marechal-Drouard, L., Weil, J.-H., and Dietrich, A. 1993. Transfer RNAs and transfer RNA genes in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 44: 13-32.
179. Marienfeld, J., Unseld, M., and Brennicke, A. 1999. The mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis is composed of both native and immigrant information. Trends Plant Sci. 4: 495-502.
180. Matsuhira, H., Shinada, H., Yui-Kurino, R., Hamato, N., Umeda, M., Mikami, T., and Kubo, T. 2007. An anther-specific lipid transfer protein gene in sugar beet: its expression is strongly reduced in male-sterile plants with Owen cytoplasm. Physiol. Plant. 129: 407-414.
181. Matsunaga, M., Nagano, H., Mikami, T., and Kubo, T. 2010. Large 3v′ UTR of sugar beet rps3 is truncated in cytoplasmic male-sterile mitochondria. Plant Cell Rep. 30: 231-238.
182. McCauley, D. E., and Bailey, M. F. 2009. Recent advances in the study of gynodioecy: the interface of theory and empiricism. Annal. Bot. 104: 611-620.
183. McCauley, D. E., and Olson, M. S. 2008. Do recent findings in plant mitochondrial molecular and population genetics have implications for the study of gynodioecy and cytonuclear conflict? Evolution. 62: 1013-1025.
184. McDermott, P., Connolly, V., and Kavanagh, T. A. 2008. The mitochondrial genome of a cytoplasmic male sterile line of perennial rygrass (Lolium perenne L.) contains an integrated linear plasmid-like element. Theor. Appl. Genet. 117: 459-470.
185. Mellema, S., Eichenberger, W., Rawyler, A., Suter, M., Tadege, M., and Kuhlemeier, C. 2002. The ethanolic fermentation pathway supports respiration and lipid biosynthesis in tobacco pollen. Plant J. 30: 329-336.
186. Mower, J. P., and Bonen, L. 2009. Ribosomal protein L10 is encoded in the mitochondrial genome of many land plants and green algae. BMC Evol. Biol. 9: 265.
187. Mower, J. P., Stefanovic, S., Young, G. J., and Palmer, J. D. 2004. Gene transfer from parasitic to host plants. Nature. 432: 165-166.
188. Mower, J. P., Touzet, P., Gummow, J. S., Delph, L. F., and Palmer, J. D. 2007. Extensive variation in synonymous substitution rates in mitochondrial genes of seed plants. BMC Evol. Biol. 7: 135.
189. Murai, K., and Tsunewaki, K. 1993. Photoperiod-sensitive male sterility in wheat with Aegilops crassa cytoplasm. Euphytica. 67: 41-48.
190. Murayama, K., Yahara, T., and Terachi, T. 2004. Variation of female frequency and cytoplasmic male-sterility gene frequency among natural gynodioecious populations of wild radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Mol. Ecol. 13: 2459-2464.
191. Nakai, S., Noda, D., Kondo, M., and Terachi, T. 1995. High-level expression of a mitochondrial orf522 gene from the male-sterile sunflower is lethal to Escherichia coli. Breeding Sci. 45: 233-236.
192. Nishizawa, S., Mikami, T., and Kubo, T. 2007. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of cultivated and wild beets: relationships among cytoplasmic male-sterilityinducing and nonsterilizing cytoplasms. Genetics. 177: 1703-1712.
193. Nivison, H. T., Sutton, C. A., Wilson, R. K., and Hanson, M. R. 1994. Sequencing, processing, and localization of the petunia CMS-associated mitochondrial protein. Plant J. 5: 613-623.
194. Nizampatnam, N. R., Doodhi, H., Kalinati Narasimhan, Y., Mulpuri, S., and Viswanathaswamy, D. K. 2009. Expression of sunflower cytoplasmic male sterility-associated open reading frame, orfH522 induces male sterility in transgenic plants. Planta. 229: 987-1001.
195. Notsu, Y., Masood, S., Nishikawa, T., Kubo, N., Akiduki, G., Nakazono, M., Hirai, A., and Kadowaki, K. 2002. The complete sequence of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) mitochondrial genome: frequent DNA sequence acquisition and loss during the evolution of flowering plants. Mol. Genet. Genomics. 268: 434-445.
196. Nugent, J.M., and Palmer, J. D. 1991. RNA-mediated transfer of the gene coxII from the mitochondrion to the nucleus during flowering plant evolution. Cell. 66: 473-481.
197. Oda, K., Y amato, K., Ohta, E., Nakamura, Y., Takemura, M., Nozato, N., Akashi, K., Kanegae, T., Ogura, Y., Kohchi, T., and Ohyama, K. 1992. Gene organization deduced from the complete sequence of liverwort Marchantia polymorpha mitochondrial DNA: a primitive form of plant mitochondrial genome. J. Mol. Biol. 223: 1-7.
198. Odahara, M., Kuroiwa, H., Kuroiwa, T., and Sekine, Y. 2009. Suppression of repeat-mediated gross mitochondrial genome rearrangements by RecA in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Plant Cell. 21: 1182-1194.
199. Ogihara, Y., Yamazaki, Y., Murai, K., Kanno, A., Terachi, T., Shiina, T., Miyashita, N., Nasuda, S., Nakamura, C., Mori, N., Takumi, S., Murata, M., Futo, S., and Tsunewaki, K. 2005. Structural dynamics of cereal mitochondrial genomes as revealed by complete nucleotide sequencing of the wheat mitochondrial genome. Nucl. Acids Res. 33: 6235-6250.
200. Ohtani, K., Yamamoto, H., and Akimitsu, K. 2002. Sensitivity to Alternaria alternata toxin in citrus because of altered mitochondrial RNA processing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99: 2439-2444.
201. Oldenburg, D. J., and Bendich, A. J. 1996. Size and structure of replicating mitochondrial DNA in cultured tobacco cells. Plant Cell. 8: 447-461.
202. Onodera, Y., Yamamoto, M. P., Kubo, T., and Mikami, T. 1999. Heterogeneity of the atp6 presequences in normal and different sources of male-sterile cytoplasms of sugar beet. J. Plant Physiol. 155: 656-660.
203. Owen, F. V. 1942. Male sterility in sugar beets produced by complementary effects of cytoplasmic and mendelian inheritance. Am J. Bot. 29: 692.
204. Owen, F. V. 1945. Cytoplasmically inherited male-sterility in sugar beets. J. Agr. Res. 71: 423-440.
205. Palmer, J. D. 1988. Intraspecific variation and multicircularity in Brassica mitochondrial DNAs. Genetics. 118: 341-351.
206. Palmer, J. D. 1990. Contrasting modes and tempos of genome evolution in land plant organelles. Trends Genet. 6: 115-120.
207. Palmer, J. D., and Herbon, L. A. 1987. Unicircular structure of the Brassica hirta mitochondrial genome. Curr. Genet. 11: 565-570.
208. Palmer, J. D., and Shields, C. R. 1984. Tripartite structure of the Brassica campestris mitochondrial genome. Nature. 307: 437-440.
209. Parish, R. W., and Li, S. F. 2010. Death of a tapetum: A programme of developmental altruism. Plant Sci. 178: 73-89.
210. Pelletier, G., and Budar, F. 2007. The molecular biology of cytoplasmically inherited male sterility and prospects for its engineering. Curr. Opin. Biotech. 18: 121-125.
211. Perrotta, G., Grienenberger, J. M., and Gualberto, J. M. 2002. Plant mitochondrial rps2 genes code for proteins with a C-terminal extension that is processed. Plant Mol. Biol. 50: 523-533.
212. Picardi, E., Horner, D. S., Chiara, M., Schiavon, R., Valle, G., and Pesole, G. 2010. Large scale detection and analysis of RNA editing in grape mtDNA by RNA deep-sequencing. Nucl. Acids Res. 38: 4755-4767.
213. Pla, M., Mathieu, C., De Paepe, R., Chetrit, P., and Vedel, F. 1995. Deletion of the last two exons of the mitochondrial nad7 gene results in lack of the NAD7 polypeptide in a Nicotiana sylvestris CMS mutant. Mol. Gen. Genet. 248: 79-88.
214. Polidoros, A. N., Mylona, P. V., and Arnholdt-Schmitt, B. 2009. Aox gene structure, transcript variation and expression in plants. Physiol. Plant. 137: 342-353.
215. Pring, D. R., and Lonsdale, D. M. 1989. Cytoplasmicmale-sterility andmaternal inheritance of disease susceptibility in maize. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 27: 483-502.
216. Pring, D. R., and Tang, H. V. 2004. Transcript profiling of male-fertile and male-sterile sorghum indicates extensive alterations in gene expression during microgametogenesis. Sex. Plant Reprod. 16: 289-297.
217. Pring, D. R., Tang, H. V., Chase, C. D., and Siripant, M. N. 2006. Microspore gene expression associated with cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in sorghum. Sex. Plant Reprod. 19: 25-35.
218. Quetier, F., and Vedel, F. 1977. Heterogeneous population of mitochondrial DNA molecules in higher plants. Nature. 268: 365-368.
219. Raczynska, K. D., Le Ret, M., Rurek, M., Bonnard, G., Augustyniak, H., and Gualberto, J. M. 2006. Plant mitochondrial genes can be expressed from mRNAs lacking stop codons. FEBS Lett. 580: 5641-5646.
220. Rasmussen, J., and Hanson, M. R. 1989. A NADH dehydrogenase subunit gene is co-transcribed with the abnormal Petunia mitochondrial gene associated with cytoplasmic male sterility. Mol. Gen. Genet. 215: 332-336.
221. Ren, Y., Zhang, Z. H., Liu, J. H., Staub, J. E., Han, Y. H., Cheng, Z. C., Li, X. F., Lu, J. Y., Miao, H., Kang, H. X., Xie, B. Y., Gu, X. F., Wang, X. W., Du, Y. C., Jin, W. W., and Huang, S. W. 2009. Integrated genetic and cytogenetic map of the cucumber genome. Plos One. 4: 8.
222. Rhoads, D. M., Brunner-Neuenschwander, B., Levings, C. S. III., and Siedow, J. N. 1998. Cross-linking and disulfide bond formation of introduced cysteine residues suggest a modified model for the tertiary structure of URF13 in the pore-forming oligomers. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 354: 158-164.
223. Richardson, A. O., and Palmer, J. D. 2007. Horizontal gene transfer in plants. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 1-9.
224. Robison, M. M., andWolyn, D. J. 2006a. A 60 kDa COX1 protein in mitochondria of carrot irrespective of the presence of C-terminal extensions in the cox1 reading frame. Mol. Genet. Genomics. 275: 68-73.
225. Robison, M. M., and Wolyn, D. J. 2006b. Petaloid-type cms in carrot is not associated with expression of atp8 (orfB). Theor. Appl. Genet. 112: 1496-1502.
226. Sabar, M., Gagliardi, D., Balk, J., and Leaver, C. J. 2003. ORFB is a subunit of F1FO-ATP synthase: insight into the basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in sunflower. EMBO Rep. 4: 381-386.
227. Sakamoto, W., Tan, S. H., Murata, M., and Motoyoshi, F. 1997. An unusual mitochondrial atp9-rpl16 cotranscript found in the maternal distorted leaf mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana: implication of GUG as an initiation codon in plant mitochondria. Plant Cell Physiol. 38: 975-979.
228. Salinas, T., Duchene, A. M., and Marechal-Drouard, L. 2008. Recent advances in tRNA mitochondrial import. Trends Biochem. Sci. 33: 320-329.
229. Sanchez-Puerta, M. V., Cho, Y., Mower, J. P., Alverson, A. J., and Palmer, J. D. 2008. Frequent, phylogenetically local horizontal transfer of the cox1 group I intron in flowering plant mitochondria. Mol. Bio. Evol. 25: 1762-1777.
230. Sandhu, A. P.S., Abdelnoor, R. V., and Mackenzie, S. A. 2007. Transgenic induction of mitochondrial rearrangements for cytoplasmic male sterility in crop plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 104: 1766-1770.
231. Sane, A. P., Nath, P., and Sane, P. V. 1997. Differences in kinetics of F1-ATPases of cytoplasmicmale sterile, maintainer and fertility restored lines of sorghum. Plant Sci. 130: 19-25.
232. Sangare, A., Weil, J.-H., Grienenberger, J.-M., Fauron, C., and Lonsdale, D. 1990. Localization and organization of tRNA genes on the mitochondrial genomes of fertile and male sterile lines of maize. Mol. Gen. Genet. 223: 224-232.
233. Sarria, R., Lyznik, A., Vallejos, C. E., and Mackenzie, S. A. 1998. A cytoplasmic male sterility-associated mitochondrial peptide in common bean is post-translationally regulated. Plant Cell. 10: 1217-1228.
234. Satoh, M., Kubo, T., and Mikami, T. 2006. The Owen mitochondrial genome in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.): possible mechanisms of extensive rearrangements and the origin of the mitotype-unique regions. Theor. Appl. Genet. 113: 477-484.
235. Satoh, M., Kubo, T., Nishizawa, S., Estiati, A., Itchoda, N., and Mikami, T. 2004. The cytoplasmic male-sterile type and normal type mitochondrial genomes of sugar beet share the same complement of genes of known function but differ in the content of expressed ORFs. Mol. Genet. Genomics. 272: 247-256.
236. Scheffler, I. E. 1999. Mitochondria. New York: Wiley-Liss.
237. Schmitz-Linneweber, C., and Small, I. 2008. Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins: a socket set for organelle gene expression. Trends Plant Sci. 13: 663-670.
238. Schnable, P. S., and Wise, R. P. 1998. The molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration. Trends Plant Sci. 3: 175-180.
239. Schuster, W., Grienenberger, J. M., Weil, J. H., and Brennicke, A. 1988. Comparison of tRNATrp and tRNAPro gene sequences in the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of Oenothera. Nucl. Acids Res. 16: 7737.
240. Shedge, V., Arrieta-Montiel, M. P., Christensen, A. C., and Mackenzie, S. A. 2007. Plant mitochondrial recombination surveillance requires unusual RecA and MutS homologs. Plant Cell. 19: 1251-1264.
241. Shinada, T., Kikuchi, Y., Fujimoto, R., and Kishitani, S. 2006. An alloplasmic male-sterile line of Brassica oleracea harboring the mitochondria from Diplotaxis muralis expresses a novel chimeric open reading frame, orf72. Plant Cell Physiol. 47: 549-553.
242. Siculella, L., Pacoda, D., Treglia, S., Gallerani, R., and Ceci, L. R. 1996. GTG as translation initiation codon in the apocytochrome b gene of sunflower mitochondria. DNA Seq. 6: 365-369.
243. Siculella, L., and Palmer, J. D. 1988. Physical and gene organization of mitochondrial DNA in fertile and male sterile sunflower: CMS-associated alterations in structure and transcription of the atpA gene. Nucl. Acids Res. 16: 3787-3799.
244. Singh, M., and Brown, G. G. 1991. Suppression of cytoplasmicmale-sterility by nuclear genes alters expression of a novel mitochondrial gene region. Plant Cell. 3: 1349-1362.
245. Skibbe, D. S., Wang, X. J., Borsuk, L. A., Ashlock, D. A., Nettleton, D., and Schnable, P. S. 2008. Floret-specific differences in gene expression and support for the hypothesis that tapetal degeneration of Zea mays L. occurs via programmed cell death. J. Genet. Genom. 35: 603-616.
246. Sloan, D. B., Alverson, A. J., Storchova, H., Palmer, J. D., and Taylor, D. R. 2010. Extensive loss of translational genes in the structurally dynamic mitochondrial genome of the angiosperm Silene latifolia. BMC Evol. Biol. 10: 274.
247. Sloan, D. B., Barr, C. M., Olson, M. S., Keller, S. R., and Taylor, D. R. 2008. Evolutionary rate variation at multiple levels of biological organization in plant mitochondrial DNA. Mol. Biol. Evol. 25: 243-246.
248. Sloan, D. B., Oxelman, B., Rautenberg, A., and Taylor, D. R. 2009. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial substitution rate variation in the angiosperm tribe Sileneae. BMC Evol. Biol. 9: 260.
249. Small, I., Suffolk, R., and Leaver, C. J. 1989. Evolution of plant mitochondrial genomes via substoichiometric intermediates. Cell. 58: 69-76.
250. St. John, J.C., Jokhi, R. P., and Barratt, C. L.R. 2005. The impact of mitochondrial genetics on male infertility. Int. J. Androl. 28: 65-73.
251. Sugiyama, Y., Watase, Y., Nagase, M., Makita, N., Yagura, S., Hirai, A., and Sugiura, M. 2005. The complete nucleotide sequence and multipartite organization of the tobacco mitochondrial genome: comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes in higher plants. Mol. Genet. Genomics. 272: 603-615.
252. Sunkel, S., Brennicke, A., and Knoop, V. 1994. RNA editing of a conserved reading frame in plantmitochondria increases its similarity to two overlapping reading frames in Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 242: 65-72.
253. Takenaka, M., Verbitskiy, D., van der Merwe, J. A., Zehrmann, A., and Brennicke, A. 2008. The process of RNA editing in plantmitochondria. Mitochondrion. 8: 35-46.
254. Tang, H. V., Chang, R. Y., and Pring, D. R. 1998. Cosegregation of single genes associated with fertility restoration and transcript processing of sorghum mitochondrial orf107 and urf209. Genetics. 150: 383-391.
255. Tang, H. V., Pring, D. R., Shaw, L. C., Salazar, R. A., Muza, F. R., Yan, B., and Schertz, K. F. 1996. Transcript processing internal to a mitochondrial open reading frame is correlated with fertility restoration in male-sterile sorghum. Plant J. 10: 123-133.
256. Terasawa, K., Odahara, M., Kabeya, Y., Kikugawa, T., Sekine, Y., Fujiwara, M., and Sato, N. 2007. The mitochondrial genome of the moss Physcomitrella patens sheds new light on mitochondrial evolution in land plants. Mol. Bio. Evol. 24: 699-709.
257. Thompson, K. F. 1972. Cytoplasmic male sterility in oil-seed rape. Heredity. 29: 253-257.
258. Thomson, M. C., Macfarlane, J. L., Beagley, C. T., and Wolstenholme, D. R. 1994. RNA editing of mat-r transcripts in maize and soybean increases similarity of the encoded protein to fungal and bryophyte group II intron maturases: evidence that mat-r encodes a functional protein. Nucl. Acids Res. 22: 5745-5752.
259. Tian, X. J., Zheng, J., Hu, S. N., and Yu, J. 2006. The rice mitochondrial genomes and their variations. Plant Physiol. 140: 401-410.
260. Tiffin, P., Olson, M. S., and Moyle, L. C. 2001. Asymmetrical crossing barriers in angiosperms. Proc. R. Soc. London B. 268: 861-867.
261. Touzet, P. 2002. Is rf2 a restorer gene of CMS-T in maize?. Trends Plant Sci. 7: 434-434.
262. Touzet, P., and Budar, F. 2004. Unveiling the molecular arms race between two conflicting genomes in cytoplasmic male sterility? Trends Plant Sci. 9: 568-570.
263. Touzet, P., Hueber, N., Burkholz, A., Barnes, S., and Cuguen, J. 2004 Genetic analysis of male fertility restoration in wild cytoplasmic male sterility G of beet. Theor. Appl. Genet. 109: 240-247.
264. Unseld, M., Marienfeld, J. R., Brandt, P., and Brennicke, A. 1997. The mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis thaliana contains 57 genes in 366,924 nucleotides, Nat. Genet. 15: 57-61.
265. Uyttewaal, M., Arnal, N., Quadrado, M., Martin-Canadell, A., Vrielynck, N., Hiard, S., Gherbi, H., Bendahmane, A., Budar, F., and Mireau, H. 2008. Characterization of Raphanus sativus pentatricopeptide repeat proteins encoded by the fertility restorer locus for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility. Plant Cell. 20: 3331-3345.
266. Vidal, G., Ribas-Carbo, M., Garmier, M., Dubertret, G., Rasmusson, A. G., Mathieu, C., Foyer, C. H., and De Paepe, R. 2007. Lack of respiratory chain complex I impairs alternative oxidase engagement and modulates redox signaling during elicitor-induced cell death in tobacco. Plant Cel.: 19: 640-655.
267. Wan, C. X., Li, S. Q., Wen, L., Kong, J., Wang, K., and Zhu, Y. G. 2007. Damage of oxidative stress on mitochondria duringmicrospores development in Honglian CMS line of rice. Plant Cell Rep. 26: 373-382.
268. Wang, D., Wu, Y.-W., Shih, A. C.-C., Wu, C.-S., Wang, Y.-N., and Chaw, S.- M. 2007. Transfer of chloroplast genomic DNA to mitochondrial genome occurred at least 300 MYA. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24: 2040-2048.
269. Wang, Z., Zou, Y., Li, X., Zhang, Q., Chen, L., Wu, H., Su, D., Chen, Y., Guo, J., Luo, D., Long, Y., Zhong, Y., and Liu, Y. G. 2006. Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro II cytoplasm is caused by a cytotoxic peptide and is restored by two related PPR motif genes via distinct modes of mRNA silencing. Plant Cell. 18: 676-687.
270. Ward, B. L., Anderson, R. S., and Bendich, A. J. 1981. The mitochondrial genome is large and variable in a family of plants (Cucurbitaceae). Cell. 25: 793-803.
271. Warmke, H. E., and Lee, S.-L.J. 1977. Mitochondrial degeneration in Texas cytoplasmic male-sterile corn anthers. J. Heredity. 68: 213-222.
272. Watanabe, Y., Sakaguchi, S., and Kudo, M. 1968. On the male sterile rice plant possessing the cytoplasm of Burmese variety "Lead Rice.". Japan. Journal Breed. 18 (Supple. 2): 77-78.
273. Wen, L. Y., and Chase, C. D. 1999. Pleiotropic effects of a nuclear restorer-offertility locus on mitochondrial transcripts in male-fertile and S male-sterile maize. Curr. Genet. 35: 521-526.
274. Wen, L. Y., Ruesch, K. L., Ortega, V. M., Kamps, T. L., Gabay-Laughnan, S., and Chase, C. D. 2003. A nuclear restorer-of-fertility mutation disrupts accumulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit alpha in developing pollen of S male-sterile maize. Genetics. 165: 771-779.
275. Williams, M. A., Kutcher, B. M., and Mulligan, R. M. 1998. Editing site recognition in plant mitochondria: the importance of 5v′-flanking sequences. Plant Mol. Biol. 36: 229-237.
276. Wilson, Z. A., and Zhang, D. B. 2009. From Arabidopsis to rice: pathways in pollen development. J. Exp. Bot. 60: 1479-1492.
277. Wintz, H., Chen, H. C., Sutton, C. A., Conley, C. A., Cobb, A., Ruth, D., and Hanson, M. R. 1995. Expression of the CMS-associated urfS sequence in transgenic petunia and tobacco. Plant Mol. Biol. 28: 83-92.
278. Woloszynska, M. 2010. Heteroplasmy and stoichiometric complexity of plant mitochondrial genomes - though this be madness, yet there's method in't. J. Exp. Bot. 61: 657-671.
279. Won, H., and Renner, S. S. 2003. Horizontal gene transfer from flowering plants to Gnetum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100: 10824-10829.
280. Yamagishi, H., and Terachi, T. 2001. Intra- and inter-specific variations in themitochondrial gene orf138 of Ogura-type male-sterile cytoplasm from Raphanus sativus and Raphanus raphanistrum. Theor. Appl. Genet. 103: 725-732.
281. Yamamoto, M. P., Kubo, T., and Mikami, T. 2005. The 5'-leader sequence of sugar beet mitochondrial atp6 encodes a novel polypeptide that is characteristic of Owen cytoplasmic male sterility. Mol. Genet. Genomics. 273: 342-349.
282. Yamamoto, M. P., Shinada, H., Onodera, Y., Komaki, C., Mikami, T., and Kubo, T. 2008.Amale sterility-associated mitochondrial protein in wild beets causes pollen disruption in transgenic plants. Plant J. 54: 1027-1036.
283. Yang, J. H., Huai, Y., and Zhang, M. F. 2009. Mitochondrial atpA gene is altered in a new orf220-type cytoplasmic male-sterile line of stem mustard (Brassica juncea). Mol. Biol. Rep. 36: 273-280.
284. Yang, S., Terachi, T., and Yamagishi, H. 2008. Inhibition of chalcone synthase expression in anthers of Raphanus sativus with Oguramale sterile cytoplasm. Annal Bot. 102: 483-489.
285. Yasumoto, K., Nagashima, T., Umeda, T., Yoshimi, M., Yamagishi, H., and Terachi, T. 2008. Genetic and molecular analysis of the restoration of fertility (Rf) genes for Ogura male-sterility from a Japanese wild radish (Raphanus sativus var. hortensis f. raphanistroides Makino). Euphytica. 164: 395-404.
286. Yasumoto, K., Terachi, T., and Yamagishi, H. 2009. A novel Rf gene controlling fertility restoration ofOguramale sterility byRNAprocessing of orf138 found in Japanese wild radish and its STS markers. Genome. 52: 495-504.
287. Young, E. G., and Hanson, M. R. 1987. A fused mitochondrial gene associated with cytoplasmic male-sterility is developmentally regulated. Cell. 50: 41-49.
288. Zabala, G., Gabay-Laughnan, S., and Laughnan, J. R. 1997. The nuclear gene Rf3 affects the expression of the mitochondrial chimeric sequence R implicated in S-type male sterility in maize. Genetics. 147: 847-860.
289. Zaegel, V., Guermann, B., Le Ret, M., Andres, C., Meyer, D., Erhardt, M., Canaday, J., Gualberto, J. M., and Imbault, P. 2006. The plant-specific ss- DNA binding protein OSB1 is involved in the stoichiometric transmission of mitochondrial DNA in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 18: 3548-3563.
290. Zehrmann, A., van der Merwe, J. A., Verbitskiy, D., Brennicke, A., and Takenaka, M. 2008. Seven large variations in the extent of RNA editing in plant mitochondria between three ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mitochondrion. 8: 319-327.
291. Zeng, X., Neupert, W., and Tzagoloff, A. 2007. The metalloprotease encoded by ATP23 has a dual function in processing and assembly of subunit 6 of mitochondrial ATPase. Mol. Biol. Cell. 18: 617-626.
292. Zhang, H., Li, S. Q., Yi, P., Wan, C. X., Chen, Z. Y., and Zhu, Y. G. 2007. A Honglian CMS line of rice displays aberrant F0 of F0F1-ATPase. Plant Cell Rep. 26: 1065-1071.