Do reactive oxygen species play a role in myeloid leukemias?

Blood

Volumn 117, Issue 22, 2011, Pages 5816-5826

  Hole, Paul Spencer ^a   Darley, Richard Lawrence ^a   Tonks, Alex ^a  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; CYTOTOXIC AGENT; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE;

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; CELL PROTECTION; CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA; DISEASE COURSE; HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY; HEMATOPOIESIS; HEMATOPOIETIC CELL; HOMEOSTASIS; LEUKEMOGENESIS; METABOLISM; MITOCHONDRION; MYELOID LEUKEMIA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN TARGETING; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 79957977169     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: 15280020     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-01-326025     Document Type: Review

References (152)

1. Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2007;39(1):44-84. (Pubitemid 44566469)
2. Finkel T. Oxidant signals and oxidative stress. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2003;15(2):247-254. (Pubitemid 36332201)
3. Kumar B, Koul S, Khandrika L, Meacham RB, Koul HK. Oxidative stress is inherent in prostate cancer cells and is required for aggressive phenotype. Cancer Res. 2008;68(6):1777-1785. (Pubitemid 351416563)
4. Fried L, Arbiser JL. The reactive oxygen-driven tumor: relevance to melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2008;21(2):117-122. (Pubitemid 351559580)
5. Battisti V, Maders LD, Bagatini MD, et al. Measurement of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Clin Biochem. 2008;41(7-8):511-518.
6. Farquhar MJ, Bowen DT. Oxidative stress and the myelodysplastic syndromes. Int J Hematol. 2003;77(4):342-350. (Pubitemid 37121829)
7. Sallmyr A, Fan J, Rassool FV. Genomic instability in myeloid malignancies: increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and error-prone repair. Cancer Lett. 2008;270(1):1-9.
8. Maraldi T, Prata C, Vieceli Dalla SF, et al. NAD(P)H oxidase isoform Nox2 plays a prosurvival role in human leukaemia cells. Free Radic Res. 2009;43(11):1-11.
9. Naughton R, Quiney C, Turner SD, Cotter TG. Bcr-Abl-mediated redox regulation of the PI3K/ AKT pathway. Leukemia. 2009;23(8):1432-1440.
10. Clerkin JS, Naughton R, Quiney C, Cotter TG. Mechanisms of ROS modulated cell survival during carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett. 2008;266(1):30-36.
11. Nishikawa M. Reactive oxygen species in tumor metastasis. Cancer Lett. 2008;266(1):53-59.
12. Wu WS, Wu JR, Hu CT. Signal cross talks for sustained MAPK activation and cell migration: the potential role of reactive oxygen species. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2008;27(2):303-314.
13. de Carvalho DD, Sadok A, Bourgarel-Rey V, et al. Nox1 downstream of 12-lipoxygenase controls cell proliferation but not cell spreading of colon cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 2008;122(8):1757-1764. (Pubitemid 351413421)
14. Arnold RS, He J, Remo A, et al. Nox1 expression determines cellular reactive oxygen and modulates c-fos-induced growth factor, interleukin-8, and Cav-1. Am J Pathol. 2007;171(6):2021-2032.
15. Trachootham D, Alexandre J, Huang P. Targeting cancer cells by ROS-mediated mechanisms: a radical therapeutic approach? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009;8(7):579-591.
16. Zhou FL, Zhang WG, Wei YC, et al. Involvement of oxidative stress in the relapse of acute myeloid leukemia. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(20):15010-15015.
17. Hole PS, Pearn L, Tonks AJ et al. Ras-induced reactive oxygen species promote growth factor-independent proliferation in human CD34+ hematopoeitic progenitor cells. Blood. 2010;115(6):1238-1246.
18. Reddy MM, Fernandes MS, Salgia R, Levine RL, Griffin JD, Sattler M. NADPH oxidases regulate cell growth and migration in myeloid cells transformed by oncogenic tyrosine kinases. Leukemia. 2011;25(2):281-289.
19. Wardman P. Fluorescent and luminescent probes for measurement of oxidative and nitrosative species in cells and tissues: progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007;43(7):995-1022. (Pubitemid 47302656)
20. Lambeth JD. NOX enzymes and the biology of reactive oxygen. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004;4(3):181-189. (Pubitemid 38339084)
21. Lenaz G, Baracca A, Fato R, Genova ML, Solaini G. Mitochondrial Complex I: structure, function, and implications in neurodegeneration. Ital J Biochem. 2006;55(3-4):232-253.
22. Genova ML, Bianchi C, Lenaz G. Structural organization of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Ital J Biochem. 2003;52(1):58-61.
23. Murphy MP. How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species. Biochem J. 2009;417(1):1-13.
24. Chance B, Sies H, Boveris A. Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiol Rev. 1979;59(3):527-605. (Pubitemid 9236599)
25. Mukhopadhyay P, Rajesh M, Hasko G, Hawkins BJ, Madesh M, Pacher P. Simultaneous detection of apoptosis and mitochondrial superoxide production in live cells by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Nat Protoc. 2007;2(9):2295-2301. (Pubitemid 351565867)
26. Zimmerman MC, Oberley LW, Flanagan SW. Mutant SOD1-induced neuronal toxicity is mediated by increased mitochondrial superoxide levels. J Neurochem. 2007;102(3):609-618. (Pubitemid 47057273)
27. Bedard K, Krause KH. The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev. 2007;87(1):245-313. (Pubitemid 46209993)
28. Emmendörffer A, Roesler J, Elsner J, Raeder E, Lohmann-Matthes ML, Meier B. Production of oxygen radicals by fibroblasts and neutrophils from a patient with x-linked chronic granulomatous disease. Eur J Haematol. 1993;51(4):223-227. (Pubitemid 24014151)
29. Lambeth JD, Kawahara T, Diebold B. Regulation of Nox and Duox enzymatic activity and expression. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007;43(3):319-331. (Pubitemid 46978416)
30. Grasberger H, Refetoff S. Identification of the maturation factor for dual oxidase. Evolution of an eukaryotic operon equivalent. J Biol Chem. 2006; 281(27):18269-18272. (Pubitemid 44035482)
31. Zhang L, Nguyen MV, Lardy B, et al. New insight into the Nox4 subcellular localization in HEK293 cells: first monoclonal antibodies against Nox4. Biochimie. 2011;93(3):457-468.
32. Segal AW, Jones OT, Webster D, Allison AC. Absence of a newly described cytochrome b from neutrophils of patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Lancet. 1978;2(8087):446-449. (Pubitemid 9033263)
33. Grasberger H, De D, X, Miot F, Pohlenz J, Refetoff S. Missense mutations of dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) implicated in congenital hypothyroidism have impaired trafficking in cells reconstituted with DUOX2 maturation factor. Mol Endocrinol. 2007;21(6):1408-1421. (Pubitemid 46984746)
34. Paffenholz R, Bergstrom RA, Pasutto F, et al. Vestibular defects in head-tilt mice result from mutations in Nox3, encoding an NADPH oxidase. Genes Dev. 2004;18(5):486-491. (Pubitemid 38372805)
35. Piccoli C, D'Aprile A, Ripoli M, et al. Bone-marrow derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells express multiple isoforms of NADPH oxidase and produce constitutively reactive oxygen species. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;353(4):965-972. (Pubitemid 46080391)
36. Mehraein-Ghomi F, Basu HS, Church DR, Hoffmann FM, Wilding G. Androgen receptor requires JunD as a coactivator to switch on an oxidative stress generation pathway in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2010;70(11):4560-4568.
37. Bernhardt R. Cytochrome P450: structure, function, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 1996;127:137-221.
38. Harrison R. Structure and function of xanthine oxidoreductase: where are we now? Free Radic Biol Med. 2002;33(6):774-797. (Pubitemid 35232313)
39. Kinder M, Wei C, Shelat SG, et al. Hematopoietic stem cell function requires 12/15-lipoxygenase-dependent fatty acid metabolism. Blood. 2010;115(24):5012-5022.
40. Kim C, Kim JY, Kim JH. Cytosolic phospholipase A(2), lipoxygenase metabolites, and reactive oxygen species. BMB Rep. 2008;41(8):555-559.
41. van Loon B, Hubscher U. An 8-oxo-guanine repair pathway coordinated by MUTYH glycosylase and DNA polymerase lambda. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(43):18201-18206.
42. Morrow JD, Harris TM, Roberts LJ. Noncyclooxygenase oxidative formation of a series of novel prostaglandins: analytical ramifications for measurement of eicosanoids. Anal Biochem. 1990;184(1):1-10.
43. Miyata T, Inagi R, Asahi K, et al. Generation of protein carbonyls by glycoxidation and lipoxidation reactions with autoxidation products of ascorbic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids. FEBS Lett. 1998;437(1-2):24-28. (Pubitemid 28498234)
44. Singh RK, Tripathi AK, Tripathi P, Singh S, Singh R, Ahmad R. Studies on biomarkers for oxidative stress in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther. 2009;2(1):285-288.
45. Ahmad R, Tripathi AK, Tripathi P, Singh S, Singh R, Singh RK. Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl as biomarkers for oxidative stress and disease progression in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. In Vivo. 2008;22(4):525-528.
46. Bannister JV, Bannister WH, Rotilio G. Aspects of the structure, function, and applications of superoxide dismutase. CRC Crit Rev Biochem. 1987;22(2):111-180.
47. Kirkman HN, Gaetani GF. Mammalian catalase: a venerable enzyme with new mysteries. Trends Biochem Sci. 2007;32(1):44-50. (Pubitemid 46038734)
48. Komatsu H, Obata F. An optimized method for determination of intracellular glutathione in mouse macrophage cultures by fluorimetric high-performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr. 2003;17(5):345-350. (Pubitemid 36974841)
49. Poole LB, Karplus PA, Claiborne A. Protein sulfenic acids in redox signaling. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004;44325-347.
50. Ballatori N, Krance SM, Notenboom S, Shi S, Tieu K, Hammond CL. Glutathione dysregulation and the etiology and progression of human diseases. Biol Chem. 2009;390(3):191-214.
51. Rhee SG, Kang SW, Jeong W, Chang TS, Yang KS, Woo HA. Intracellular messenger function of hydrogen peroxide and its regulation by peroxiredoxins. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2005;17(2):183-189. (Pubitemid 40380942)
52. Shibanuma M, Kuroki T, Nose K. Superoxide as a signal for increase in intracellular pH. J Cell Physiol. 1988;136(2):379-383.
53. Burdon RH, Rice-Evans C. Free radicals and the regulation of mammalian cell proliferation. Free Radic Res Commun. 1989;6(6):345-358. (Pubitemid 19204649)
54. Burdon RH, Gill V, Rice-Evans C. Cell proliferation and oxidative stress. Free Radic Res Commun. 1989;7(3-6):149-159. (Pubitemid 19281962)
55. Burdon RH, Gill V, Rice-Evans C. Oxidative stress and tumour cell proliferation. Free Radic Res Commun. 1990;11(1-3):65-76.
56. Murrell GA, Francis MJ, Bromley L. Modulation of fibroblast proliferation by oxygen free radicals. Biochem J. 1990;265(3):659-665. (Pubitemid 20053867)
57. Ikebuchi Y, Masumoto N, Tasaka K et al. Superoxide anion increases intracellular pH, intracellular free calcium, and arachidonate release in human amnion cells. J Biol Chem. 1991;266(20):13233-13237. (Pubitemid 21907333)
58. Sundaresan M, Yu ZX, Ferrans VJ, Irani K, Finkel T. Requirement for generation of H2O2 for platelet-derived growth factor signal transduction. Science. 1995;270(5234):296-299.
59. Bae YS, Kang SW, Seo MS, et al. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced generation of hydrogen peroxide: role in EGF receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation. J Biol Chem. 1997;272(1):217-221. (Pubitemid 27021147)
60. Ushio-Fukai M, Alexander RW, Akers M, et al. Reactive oxygen species mediate the activation of Akt/protein kinase B by angiotensin II in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(32):22699-22704.
61. Sattler M, Winkler T, Verma S, et al. Hematopoietic growth factors signal through the formation of reactive oxygen species. Blood. 1999;93(9):2928-2935. (Pubitemid 29200783)
62. Zhu QS, Xia L, Mills GB, Lowell CA, Touw IP, Corey SJ. G-CSF induced reactive oxygen species involves Lyn-PI3-kinase-Akt and contributes to myeloid cell growth. Blood. 2006;107(5):1847-1856. (Pubitemid 43289362)
63. D'Autréaux B, Toledano MB. ROS as signalling molecules: mechanisms that generate specificity in ROS homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007;8(10):813-824. (Pubitemid 47462134)
64. Rhee SG. H2O2, a necessary evil for cell signaling. Science. 2006;312(5782):1882-1883.
65. Monteiro HP, Arai RJ, Travassos LR. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation and protein tyrosine nitration in redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2008;10(5):843-889. (Pubitemid 351301369)
66. den Hertog J, Groen A, van der WT. Redox regulation of protein-tyrosine phosphatases. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2005;434(1):11-15. (Pubitemid 40040465)
67. O'Loghlen A, Perez-Morgado MI, Salinas M, Martin ME. Reversible inhibition of the protein phosphatase 1 by hydrogen peroxide. Potential regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation in differentiated PC12 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003;417(2):194-202. (Pubitemid 36993795)
68. Rao RK, Clayton LW. Regulation of protein phosphatase 2A by hydrogen peroxide and glutathionylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002;293(1):610-616. (Pubitemid 34694253)
69. Rizo A, Olthof S, Han L, Vellenga E, de Haan G, Schuringa JJ. Repression of BMI1 in normal and leukemic human CD34(+) cells impairs self-renewal and induces apoptosis. Blood. 2009;114(8):1498-1505.
70. Tothova Z, Kollipara R, Huntly BJ, et al. FoxOs are critical mediators of hematopoietic stem cell resistance to physiologic oxidative stress. Cell. 2007;128(2):325-339. (Pubitemid 46137992)
71. Ito K, Hirao A, Arai F, et al. Regulation of oxidative stress by ATM is required for self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells. Nature. 2004;431(7011):997-1002. (Pubitemid 39434422)
72. Juntilla MM, Patil VD, Calamito M, Joshi RP, Birnbaum MJ, Koretzky GA. AKT1 and AKT2 maintain hematopoietic stem cell function by regulating reactive oxygen species. Blood. 2010;115(20):4030-4038.
73. Kharas MG, Okabe R, Ganis JJ, et al. Constitutively active AKT depletes hematopoietic stem cells and induces leukemia in mice. Blood. 2010;115(7):1406-1415.
74. Eliasson P, Jonsson JI. The hematopoietic stem cell niche: low in oxygen but a nice place to be. J Cell Physiol. 2010;222(1):17-22.
75. Jang YY, Sharkis SJ. A low level of reactive oxygen species selects for primitive hematopoietic stem cells that may reside in the low-oxygenic niche. Blood. 2007;110(8):3056-3063. (Pubitemid 350006961)
76. Simsek T, Kocabas F, Zheng J, et al. The distinct metabolic profile of hematopoietic stem cells reflects their location in a hypoxic niche. Cell Stem Cell. 2010;7(3):380-390.
77. Diehn M, Cho RW, Lobo NA, et al. Association of reactive oxygen species levels and radioresistance in cancer stem cells. Nature. 2009;458(7239):780-783.
78. Owusu-Ansah E, Banerjee U. Reactive oxygen species prime Drosophila haematopoietic progenitors for differentiation. Nature. 2009;461(7263):537-541.
79. Vincent A, Crozatier M. Neither too much nor too little: reactive oxygen species levels regulate Drosophila hematopoiesis. J Mol Cell Biol. 2010;2(2):74-75.
80. Lewandowski D, Barroca V, Duconge F, et al. In vivo cellular imaging pinpoints the role of reactive oxygen species in the early steps of adult hematopoietic reconstitution. Blood. 2010;115(3):443-452.
81. Urao N, Inomata H, Razvi M, et al. Role of nox2- based NADPH oxidase in bone marrow and progenitor cell function involved in neovascularization induced by hindlimb ischemia. Circ Res. 2008;103(2):212-220.
82. Tesio M, Golan K, Corso S, et al. Enhanced c-Met activity promotes G-CSF-induced mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells via ROS signaling. Blood. 2011;117(2):419-428.
83. Dröge W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev. 2002;82(1):47-95. (Pubitemid 34654215)
84. Taniguchi T, D'Andrea AD. Molecular pathogenesis of Fanconi anemia: recent progress. Blood. 2006;107(11):4223-4233. (Pubitemid 43801344)
85. Kim JH, Chu SC, Gramlich JL, et al. Activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway by BCR-ABL contributes to increased production of reactive oxygen species. Blood. 2005;105(4):1717-1723. (Pubitemid 40223695)
86. Rodrigues MS, Reddy MM, Sattler M. Cell cycle regulation by oncogenic tyrosine kinases in myeloid neoplasias: from molecular redox mechanisms to health implications. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2008;10(10):1813-1848.
87. Ahmad R, Tripathi AK, Tripathi P, Singh R, Singh S, Singh RK. Studies on lipid peroxidation and non-enzymatic antioxidant status as indices of oxidative stress in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Singapore Med J. 2010;51(2):110-115.
88. Sailaja K, Surekha D, Rao DN, Rao DR, Vishnupriya S. Association of the GSTP1 gene (Ile105Val) polymorphism with chronic myeloid leukemia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2010;11(2):461-464.
89. Peddie CM, Wolf CR, McLellan LI, Collins AR, Bowen DT. Oxidative DNA damage in CD34+ myelodysplastic cells is associated with intracellular redox changes and elevated plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha concentration. Br J Haematol. 1997;99(3):625-631. (Pubitemid 27519866)
90. Bowen D, Wang L, Frew M, Kerr R, Groves M. Antioxidant enzyme expression in myelodysplastic and acute myeloid leukemia bone marrow: further evidence of a pathogenetic role for oxidative stress? Haematologica. 2003;88(9):1070-1072. (Pubitemid 37151160)
91. Novotna B, Bagryantseva Y, Siskova M, Neuwirtova R. Oxidative DNA damage in bone marrow cells of patients with low-risk myelodys-plastic syndrome. Leuk Res. 2009;33(2):340-343.
92. Ghoti H, Fibach E, Merkel D, Perez-Avraham G, Grisariu S, Rachmilewitz EA. Changes in parameters of oxidative stress and free iron biomarkers during treatment with deferasirox in iron-over-loaded patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Haematologica. 2010;95(8):1433-1434.
93. Messa E, Carturan S, Maffe C, et al. Deferasirox is a powerful NF-kappaB inhibitor in myelodys-plastic cells and in leukemia cell lines acting independently from cell iron deprivation by chelation and reactive oxygen species scavenging. Haematologica. 2010;95(8):1308-1316.
94. Leitch HA. Iron chelation therapy in MDS: does it improve survival? Leuk Res. 2010;34(7):852-853.
95. Gattermann N. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in the hematopoietic system. Leukemia. 2004;18(1):18-22. (Pubitemid 38159434)
96. Indo HP, Davidson M, Yen HC, et al. Evidence of ROS generation by mitochondria in cells with impaired electron transport chain and mitochondrial DNA damage. Mitochondrion. 2007;7(1-2):106-118. (Pubitemid 46351959)
97. Tefferi A, Gilliland DG. Oncogenes in myeloproliferative disorders. Cell Cycle. 2007;6(5):550-566. (Pubitemid 46440428)
98. Rassool FV, Gaymes TJ, Omidvar N, et al. Reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and error-prone repair: a model for genomic instability with progression in myeloid leukemia? Cancer Res. 2007;67(18):8762-8771. (Pubitemid 47437452)
99. Kato M, Minakami H, Kuroiwa M, et al. Superoxide radical generation and Mn- and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases activities in human leukemic cells. Hematol Oncol. 2003;21(1):11-16. (Pubitemid 36356240)
100. Er TK, Tsai SM, Wu SH, et al. Antioxidant status and superoxide anion radical generation in acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Biochem. 2007;40(13-14):1015- 1019.
101. Erkeland SJ, Palande KK, Valkhof M, Gits J, Danen-van Oorschot A, Touw IP. The gene encoding thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a frequent virus integration site in virus-induced mouse leukemia and is overexpressed in a subset of AML patients. Leuk Res. 2009;33(10):1367-1371.
102. Watanabe R, Nakamura H, Masutani H, Yodoi J. Anti-oxidative, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory actions by thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin-binding protein-2. Pharmacol Ther. 2010;127(3):261-270.
103. Lee AC, Fenster BE, Ito H, et al. Ras proteins induce senescence by altering the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(12):7936-7940.
104. Liu R, Li B, Qiu M. Elevated superoxide production by active H-ras enhances human lung WI- 38VA-13 cell proliferation, migration and resistance to TNF-alpha. Oncogene. 2001;20(12):1486-1496. (Pubitemid 32291199)
105. Serù R, Mondola P, Damiano S, et al. HaRas activates the NADPH oxidase complex in human neuroblastoma cells via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. J Neurochem. 2004;91(3):613-622. (Pubitemid 39431156)
106. Degan P, Bonassi S, De CM, et al. In vivo accumulation of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in DNA correlates with release of reactive oxygen species in Fanconi's anaemia families. Carcinogenesis. 1995;16(4):735-741.
107. Camelo RM, Kehdy FS, Salas CE, Lopes MT. Amifostine protection against mitomycin-induced chromosomal breakage in fanconi anaemia lymphocytes. Molecules. 2008;13(8):1759-1772.
108. Joenje H, Arwert F, Eriksson AW, de Koning H, Oostra AB. Oxygen-dependence of chromosomal aberrations in Fanconi's anaemia. Nature. 1981; 290(5802):142-143. (Pubitemid 11149688)
109. Dallapiccola B, Porfirio B, Mokini V, Alimena G, Isacchi G, Gandini E. Effect of oxidants and anti-oxidants on chromosomal breakage in Fanconi anemia lymphocytes. Hum Genet. 1985;69(1):62-65. (Pubitemid 15153914)
110. Pagano G, Degan P, d'Ischia M, et al. Oxidative stress as a multiple effector in Fanconi anaemia clinical phenotype. Eur J Haematol. 2005;75(2):93-100. (Pubitemid 41008278)
111. Li J, Du W, Maynard S, Andreassen PR, Pang Q. Oxidative stress-specific interaction between FANCD2 and FOXO3a. Blood. 2010;115(8):1545-1548.
112. Dang L, Jin S, Su SM. IDH mutations in glioma and acute myeloid leukemia. Trends Mol Med. 2010;16(9):387-397.
113. Ward PS, Patel J, Wise DR, et al. The common feature of leukemia-associated IDH1 and IDH2 mutations is a neomorphic enzyme activity converting alpha-ketoglutarate to 2-hydroxyglutarate. Cancer Cell. 2010;17(3):225-234.
114. Latini A, Scussiato K, Rosa RB, et al. Induction of oxidative stress by L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in rat brain. J Neurosci Res. 2003;74(1):103-110. (Pubitemid 37176673)
115. Parke DV. The cytochromes P450 and mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect. 1994;102(10):852-853. (Pubitemid 24350634)
116. Sallmyr A, Fan J, Datta K, et al. Internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (FLT3/ITD) induces increased ROS production, DNA damage, and misrepair: implications for poor prognosis in AML. Blood. 2008;111(6):3173-3182.
117. Bulavin DV, Fornace AJ Jr. p38 MAP kinase's emerging role as a tumor suppressor. Adv Cancer Res. 2004;9295-118.
118. Bulavin DV, Phillips C, Nannenga B, et al. Inactivation of the Wip1 phosphatase inhibits mammary tumorigenesis through p38 MAPK-mediated activation of the p16(Ink4a)-p19(Arf) pathway. Nat Genet. 2004;36(4):343-350. (Pubitemid 38437256)
119. Ito K, Hirao A, Arai F, et al. Reactive oxygen species act through p38 MAPK to limit the lifespan of hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Med. 2006;12(4):446-451.
120. Dolado I, Swat A, Ajenjo N, De VG, Cuadrado A, Nebreda AR. p38alpha MAP kinase as a sensor of reactive oxygen species in tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell. 2007;11(2):191-205. (Pubitemid 46209847)
121. Paul TA, Bies J, Small D, Wolff L. Signatures of polycomb repression and reduced H3K4 trimethylation are associated with p15INK4b DNA methylation in AML. Blood. 2010;115(15):3098-3108.
122. de Jonge HJ, de Bont ES, Valk PJ, et al. AML at older age: age-related gene expression profiles reveal a paradoxical down-regulation of p16INK4A mRNA with prognostic significance. Blood. 2009;114(14):2869-2877.
123. Akagi T, Ogawa S, Dugas M, et al. Frequent genomic abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia/ myelodysplastic syndrome with normal karyotype. Haematologica. 2009;94(2):213-223.
124. Gao Y, Howard A, Ban K, Chandra J. Oxidative stress promotes transcriptional up-regulation of Fyn in BCR-ABL1-expressing cells. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(11):7114-7125.
125. Sinenko SA, Hung T, Moroz T, et al. Genetic manipulation of AML1-ETO-induced expansion of hematopoietic precursors in a Drosophila model. Blood. 2010;116(22):4612-4620.
126. Maraldi T, Prata C, Fiorentini D, Zambonin L, Landi L, Hakim G. Induction of apoptosis in a human leukemic cell line via reactive oxygen species modulation by antioxidants. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009;46(2):244-252.
127. Diaz B, Shani G, Pass I, Anderson D, Quintavalle M, Courtneidge SA. Tks5-dependent, nox-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species is necessary for invadopodia formation. Sci Signal. 2009;2(88):ra53.
128. Estey E, Dohner H. Acute myeloid leukaemia. Lancet. 2006;368(9550):1894- 1907. (Pubitemid 44794525)
129. Moore N, Lyle S. Quiescent, slow-cycling stem cell populations in cancer: a review of the evidence and discussion of significance [published online ahead of print September 29, 2010]. J Oncol. doi:10.1155/2011/396076.
130. Besançon R, Valsesia-Wittmann S, Puisieux A, de Fromentel CC, Maguer-Satta V. Cancer stem cells: the emerging challenge of drug targeting. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(4):394-416.
131. Agrawal M, Garg RJ, Cortes J, Quintas-Cardama A. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors: the first decade. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2010;5(2):70-80.
132. Wang ZY, Chen Z. Acute promyelocytic leukemia: from highly fatal to highly curable. Blood. 2008;111(5):2505-2515.
133. Laurent G, Jaffrezou JP. Signaling pathways activated by daunorubicin. Blood. 2001;98(4):913-924.
134. Yu C, Rahmani M, Dent P, Grant S. The hierarchical relationship between MAPK signaling and ROS generation in human leukemia cells undergoing apoptosis in response to the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib. Exp Cell Res. 2004;295(2):555-566. (Pubitemid 38490507)
135. Benhar M, Engelberg D, Levitzki A. ROS, stress-activated kinases and stress signaling in cancer. EMBO Rep. 2002;3(5):420-425. (Pubitemid 34567428)
136. Townsend DM, Findlay VL, Tew KD. Glutathione S-transferases as regulators of kinase pathways and anticancer drug targets. Methods Enzymol. 2005;401:287-307. (Pubitemid 43052400)
137. Miyazaki T, Kirino Y, Takeno M, et al. Expression of heme oxygenase-1 in human leukemic cells and its regulation by transcriptional repressor Bach1. Cancer Sci. 2010;101(6):1409-1416.
138. Lu J, Chew EH, Holmgren A. Targeting thioredoxin reductase is a basis for cancer therapy by arsenic trioxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(30):12288-12293. (Pubitemid 47206130)
139. Pelicano H, Feng L, Zhou Y, et al. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration: a novel strategy to enhance drug-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells by a reactive oxygen species-mediated mechanism. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(39):37832-37839. (Pubitemid 37175311)
140. Wang J, Li L, Cang H, Shi G, Yi J. NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species are responsible for the high susceptibility to arsenic cytotoxicity in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Leuk Res. 2008;32(3):429-436. (Pubitemid 351295909)
141. Jeanne M, Lallemand-Breitenbach V, Ferhi O, et al. PML/RARA oxidation and arsenic binding initiate the antileukemia response of As2O3. Cancer Cell. 2010;18(1):88-98.
142. Beck R, Pedrosa RC, Dejeans N, et al. Ascorbate/menadione-induced oxidative stress kills cancer cells that express normal or mutated forms of the oncogenic protein Bcr-Abl. An in vitro and in vivo mechanistic study [published online ahead of print, May 8, 2010]. Invest New Drugs. doi:10.1007/s10637-010- 9441-3.
143. Mao X, Yu CR, Li WH, Li WX. Induction of apoptosis by shikonin through a ROS/JNK-mediated process in Bcr/Abl-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. Cell Res. 2008;18(8):879-888.
144. Trachootham D, Zhang H, Zhang W, et al. Effective elimination of fludarabine-resistant CLL cells by PEITC through a redox-mediated mechanism. Blood. 2008;112(5):1912-1922.
145. Zhang H, Trachootham D, Lu W, et al. Effective killing of Gleevec-resistant CML cells with T315I mutation by a natural compound PEITC through redox-mediated mechanism. Leukemia. 2008;22(6):1191-1199. (Pubitemid 351833787)
146. Doudican NA, Bowling B, Orlow SJ. Enhancement of arsenic trioxide cytotoxicity by dietary isothiocyanates in human leukemic cells via a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism. Leuk Res. 2010;34(2):229-234.
147. Chandra J, Tracy J, Loegering D, et al. Adaphostin- induced oxidative stress overcomes BCR/ABL mutation-dependent and -independent imatinib resistance. Blood. 2006;107(6):2501-2506. (Pubitemid 43345574)
148. Mochizuki T, Furuta S, Mitsushita J, et al. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase 4 activates apoptosis via the AKT/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 pathway in pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells. Oncogene. 2006;25(26):3699-3707. (Pubitemid 43980491)
149. Conklin KA. Cancer chemotherapy and antioxidants. J Nutr. 2004;134(11):3201S-3204S.
150. Schanz J, Jung H, Wormann B, et al. Amifostine has the potential to induce haematologic responses and decelerate disease progression in individual patients with low- and intermediate-1- risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res. 2009;33(9):1183-1188.
151. Meyskens FL Jr, Kopecky KJ, Appelbaum FR, Balcerzak SP, Samlowski W, Hynes H. Effects of vitamin A on survival in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia: a SWOG randomized trial. Leuk Res. 1995;19(9):605-612.
152. Block KI, Koch AC, Mead MN, Tothy PK, Newman RA, Gyllenhaal C. Impact of antioxidant supplementation on chemotherapeutic toxicity: a systematic review of the evidence from randomized controlled trials. Int J Cancer. 2008;123(6):1227-1239.