메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 2079-2087

Metabolic profiling of 3-nitropropionic acid early-stage huntingtons disease rat model using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Author keywords

3 nitropropionic acid; galantamine; Huntingtons disease; metabolic profiling; metabonomics; mitochondrial dysfunction; neurodegeneration; oxidative Stress

Indexed keywords

3 NITROPROPIONIC ACID; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; GALANTAMINE;

EID: 79953681359     PISSN: 15353893     EISSN: 15353907     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/pr2000336     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 0027480960 scopus 로고
    • A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntingtons disease chromosomes
    • The Huntingtons Disease Collaborative Research Group
    • The Huntingtons Disease Collaborative Research Group A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntingtons disease chromosomes Cell 1993, 72 (6) 971-83
    • (1993) Cell , vol.72 , Issue.6 , pp. 971-983
  • 3
    • 0035115942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of symptoms in the early and middle stages of Huntington disease
    • Kirkwood, S.; Su, J.; Conneally, P.; Foroud, T. Progression of symptoms in the early and middle stages of Huntington disease Arch. Neurol. 2001, 58 (2) 273
    • (2001) Arch. Neurol. , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 273
    • Kirkwood, S.1    Su, J.2    Conneally, P.3    Foroud, T.4
  • 4
    • 0035879332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of mitochondrial complex II induces a long-term potentiation of NMDA-mediated synaptic excitation in the striatum requiring endogenous dopamine
    • Calabresi, P.; Gubellini, P.; Picconi, B.; Centonze, D.; Pisani, A.; Bonsi, P.; Greengard, P.; Hipskind, R. A.; Borrelli, E.; Bernardi, G. Inhibition of mitochondrial complex II induces a long-term potentiation of NMDA-mediated synaptic excitation in the striatum requiring endogenous dopamine J. Neurosci. 2001, 21 (14) 5110-5120 (Pubitemid 32622936)
    • (2001) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.21 , Issue.14 , pp. 5110-5120
    • Calabresi, P.1    Gubellini, P.2    Picconi, B.3    Centonze, D.4    Pisani, A.5    Bonsi, P.6    Greengard, P.7    Hipskind, R.A.8    Borrelli, E.9    Bernardi, G.10
  • 5
    • 0036323863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of superoxide dismutases in oxidative damage and neurodegenerative disorders
    • Maier, C. M.; Chan, P. H. Role of superoxide dismutases in oxidative damage and neurodegenerative disorders Neuroscientist 2002, 8 (4) 323-334 (Pubitemid 34824016)
    • (2002) Neuroscientist , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 323-334
    • Maier, C.M.1    Chan, P.H.2
  • 6
    • 0030919567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage and metabolic dysfunction in huntington's disease: Selective vulnerability of the basal ganglia
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.410410514
    • Browne, S. E.; Bowling, A. C.; MacGarvey, U.; Baik, M. J.; Berger, S. C.; Muqit, M. M. K.; Bird, E. D.; Beal, M. F. Oxidative damage and metabolic dysfunction in Huntingtons disease: Selective vulnerability of the basal ganglia Ann. Neurol. 1997, 41 (5) 646-653 (Pubitemid 27212659)
    • (1997) Annals of Neurology , vol.41 , Issue.5 , pp. 646-653
    • Browne, S.E.1    Bowling, A.C.2    MacGarvey, U.3    Baik, M.J.4    Berger, S.C.5    Muqit, M.M.K.6    Bird, E.D.7    Beal, M.F.8
  • 8
    • 41949126549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction in striatal neurons of Huntington disease
    • Lim, D.; Fedrizzi, L.; Tartari, M.; Zuccato, C.; Cattaneo, E.; Brini, M.; Carafoli, E. Calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction in striatal neurons of Huntington disease J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283 (9) 5780-5789
    • (2008) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.283 , Issue.9 , pp. 5780-5789
    • Lim, D.1    Fedrizzi, L.2    Tartari, M.3    Zuccato, C.4    Cattaneo, E.5    Brini, M.6    Carafoli, E.7
  • 9
    • 0032904412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the role of mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases: Mitochondrial mutations and oxidative pathology, protective nuclear responses, and cell death in neurodegeneration
    • DOI 10.1016/S0165-0173(98)00046-0, PII S0165017398000460
    • Cassarino, D. S.; Bennett, J. P. An evaluation of the role of mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases: mitochondrial mutations and oxidative pathology, protective nuclear responses, and cell death in neurodegeneration Brain Res. Rev. 1999, 29 (1) 1-25 (Pubitemid 29016078)
    • (1999) Brain Research Reviews , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-25
    • Cassarino, D.S.1    Bennett Jr., J.P.2
  • 10
    • 30344432706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of mitochondrial DNA in toxic responses to oxidative stress
    • DOI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.03.002, PII S1568786405000546
    • Van Houten, B.; Woshner, V.; Santos, J. H. Role of mitochondrial DNA in toxic responses to oxidative stress DNA Repair 2006, 5 (2) 145-152 (Pubitemid 43069515)
    • (2006) DNA Repair , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 145-152
    • Van Houten, B.1    Woshner, V.2    Santos, J.H.3
  • 11
    • 34247158550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.10.056, PII S0306452206014333, Genome Dynamics and DNA Repair in the CNS
    • Trushina, E.; McMurray, C. T. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases Neuroscience 2007, 145 (4) 1233-1248 (Pubitemid 46602738)
    • (2007) Neuroscience , vol.145 , Issue.4 , pp. 1233-1248
    • Trushina, E.1    McMurray, C.T.2
  • 12
    • 0026357457 scopus 로고
    • 3-Nitropropionic acid-exogenous animal neurotoxin and possible human striatal toxin
    • Ludolph, A. C.; He, F.; Spencer, P. S.; Hammerstad, J.; Sabri, M. 3-Nitropropionic acid-exogenous animal neurotoxin and possible human striatal toxin Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1991, 18 (4) 492-498
    • (1991) Can. J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 492-498
    • Ludolph, A.C.1    He, F.2    Spencer, P.S.3    Hammerstad, J.4    Sabri, M.5
  • 13
    • 0032851595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased apoptosis of Huntington disease lymphoblasts associated with repeat length-dependent mitochondrial depolarization
    • DOI 10.1038/13518
    • Sawa, A.; Wiegand, G. W.; Cooper, J.; Margolis, R. L.; Sharp, A. H.; Lawler, J. F.; Greenamyre, J. T.; Snyder, S. H.; Ross, C. A. Increased apoptosis of Huntington disease lymphoblasts associated with repeat length-dependent mitochondrial depolarization Nat. Med. 1999, 5 (10) 1194-1198 (Pubitemid 29474426)
    • (1999) Nature Medicine , vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp. 1194-1198
    • Sawa, A.1    Wiegand, G.W.2    Cooper, J.3    Margolis, R.L.4    Sharp, A.H.5    Lawler Jr., J.F.6    Greenamyre, J.T.7    Snyder, S.H.8    Ross, C.A.9
  • 17
    • 29144468251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-Nitropropionic acid: A mitochondrial toxin to uncover physiopathological mechanisms underlying striatal degeneration in Huntington's disease
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03515.x
    • Brouillet, E.; Jacquard, C.; Bizat, N.; Blum, D. 3-Nitropropionic acid: a mitochondrial toxin to uncover physiopathological mechanisms underlying striatal degeneration in Huntingtons disease J. Neurochem. 2005, 95 (6) 1521-1540 (Pubitemid 41804051)
    • (2005) Journal of Neurochemistry , vol.95 , Issue.6 , pp. 1521-1540
    • Brouillet, E.1    Jacquard, C.2    Bizat, N.3    Blum, D.4
  • 18
    • 67349196013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabonomic characterization of the 3-nitropropionic acid rat model of Huntingtons disease
    • Tsang, T. M.; Haselden, J. N.; Holmes, E. Metabonomic characterization of the 3-nitropropionic acid rat model of Huntingtons disease Neurochem. Res. 2009, 34 (7) 1261-1271
    • (2009) Neurochem. Res. , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 1261-1271
    • Tsang, T.M.1    Haselden, J.N.2    Holmes, E.3
  • 19
    • 0029072690 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for apoptotic cell death in Huntington disease and excitotoxic animal models
    • Portera-Cailliau, C.; Hedreen, J. C.; Price, D. L.; Koliatsos, V. E. Evidence for apoptotic cell death in Huntington disease and excitotoxic animal models J. Neurosci. 1995, 15 (5 Pt. 2) 3775-87
    • (1995) J. Neurosci. , vol.15 , Issue.5 PART 2 , pp. 3775-87
    • Portera-Cailliau, C.1    Hedreen, J.C.2    Price, D.L.3    Koliatsos, V.E.4
  • 20
    • 39749150413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidative properties of galantamine on neuronal damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in SK-N-SH cells
    • Ezoulin, M. J. M.; Ombetta, J. E.; Dutertre-Catella, H.; Warnet, J. M.; Massicot, F. Antioxidative properties of galantamine on neuronal damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in SK-N-SH cells Neurotoxicology 2008, 29 (2) 270-277
    • (2008) Neurotoxicology , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 270-277
    • Ezoulin, M.J.M.1    Ombetta, J.E.2    Dutertre-Catella, H.3    Warnet, J.M.4    Massicot, F.5
  • 21
    • 55549103310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galantamine reduces striatal degeneration in 3-nitropropionic acid model of Huntingtons disease
    • Park, J. E.; Lee, S. T.; Im, W. S.; Chu, K.; Kim, M. Galantamine reduces striatal degeneration in 3-nitropropionic acid model of Huntingtons disease Neurosci. Lett. 2008, 448 (1) 143-147
    • (2008) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.448 , Issue.1 , pp. 143-147
    • Park, J.E.1    Lee, S.T.2    Im, W.S.3    Chu, K.4    Kim, M.5
  • 23
    • 34249930833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased oxidative damage and mitochondrial abnormalities in the peripheral blood of Huntingtons disease patients
    • Chen, C. M.; Wu, Y. R.; Cheng, M. L.; Liu, J. L.; Lee, Y. M.; Lee, P. W.; Soong, B. W.; Chiu, D. T. Y. Increased oxidative damage and mitochondrial abnormalities in the peripheral blood of Huntingtons disease patients Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2007, 359 (2) 335-340
    • (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.359 , Issue.2 , pp. 335-340
    • Chen, C.M.1    Wu, Y.R.2    Cheng, M.L.3    Liu, J.L.4    Lee, Y.M.5    Lee, P.W.6    Soong, B.W.7    Chiu, D.T.Y.8
  • 24
    • 37749000434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress parameters in plasma of Huntingtons disease patients, asymptomatic Huntingtons disease gene carriers and healthy subjects
    • Klepac, N.; Relja, M.; Klepac, R.; Hecimovic, S.; Babic, T.; Trkulja, V. Oxidative stress parameters in plasma of Huntingtons disease patients, asymptomatic Huntingtons disease gene carriers and healthy subjects J. Neurol. 2007, 254 (12) 1676-1683
    • (2007) J. Neurol. , vol.254 , Issue.12 , pp. 1676-1683
    • Klepac, N.1    Relja, M.2    Klepac, R.3    Hecimovic, S.4    Babic, T.5    Trkulja, V.6
  • 25
    • 34548065407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of metabonomics in drug development
    • DOI 10.2217/14622416.8.7.731
    • Keun, H. C.; Athersuch, T. J. Application of metabonomics in drug development Pharmacogenomics 2007, 8 (7) 731-41 (Pubitemid 47288974)
    • (2007) Pharmacogenomics , vol.8 , Issue.7 , pp. 731-741
    • Keun, H.C.1    Athersuch, T.J.2
  • 26
    • 67449155877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of rivastigmine against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntingtons disease like symptoms: Possible behavioural, biochemical and cellular alterations
    • Kumar, P.; Kumar, A. Protective effect of rivastigmine against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntingtons disease like symptoms: Possible behavioural, biochemical and cellular alterations Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2009, 615 (1-3) 91-101
    • (2009) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.615 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 91-101
    • Kumar, P.1    Kumar, A.2
  • 27
    • 58149345547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible role of sertraline against 3-nitropropionic acid induced behavioral, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in rat brain
    • Kumar, P.; Kumar, A. Possible role of sertraline against 3-nitropropionic acid induced behavioral, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in rat brain Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 2009, 33 (1) 100-108
    • (2009) Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 100-108
    • Kumar, P.1    Kumar, A.2
  • 28
    • 77649215222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-Nitropropionic acid as a tool to study the mechanisms involved in huntingtons disease: Past, present and future
    • Tunez, I.; Tasset, I.; Pérez-De La Cruz, V.; Santamaría, A. 3-Nitropropionic acid as a tool to study the mechanisms involved in huntingtons disease: past, present and future Molecules 2010, 15 (2) 878-916
    • (2010) Molecules , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 878-916
    • Tunez, I.1    Tasset, I.2    Pérez-De La Cruz, V.3    Santamaría, A.4
  • 29
    • 0031418498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodegenerative disorders in humans: The role of glutathione in oxidative stress-mediated neuronal death
    • Bains, J.; Shaw, C. Neurodegenerative disorders in humans: the role of glutathione in oxidative stress-mediated neuronal death Brain Res. Brain Res, Rev. 1997, 25 (3) 335
    • (1997) Brain Res. Brain Res, Rev. , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 335
    • Bains, J.1    Shaw, C.2
  • 30
    • 0029836312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutathione content as an indicator for the presence of metabolic pathways of amino acids in astroglial cultures
    • Dringen, R.; Hamprecht, B. Glutathione content as an indicator for the presence of metabolic pathways of amino acids in astroglial cultures J. Neurochem. 1996, 67 (4) 1375
    • (1996) J. Neurochem. , vol.67 , Issue.4 , pp. 1375
    • Dringen, R.1    Hamprecht, B.2
  • 31
    • 0031913691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of glycine in primary astroglial cells: Synthesis of creatine, serine, and glutathione
    • Dringen, R.; Verleysdonk, S.; Hamprecht, B.; Willker, W.; Leibfritz, D.; Brand, A. Metabolism of glycine in primary astroglial cells: synthesis of creatine, serine, and glutathione J. Neurochem. 1998, 70 (2) 835
    • (1998) J. Neurochem. , vol.70 , Issue.2 , pp. 835
    • Dringen, R.1    Verleysdonk, S.2    Hamprecht, B.3    Willker, W.4    Leibfritz, D.5    Brand, A.6
  • 32
    • 33645450264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cystamine and cysteamine prevent 3-NP-induced mitochondrial depolarization of Huntingtons disease knock-in striatal cells
    • Mao, Z.; Choo, Y. S.; Lesort, M. Cystamine and cysteamine prevent 3-NP-induced mitochondrial depolarization of Huntingtons disease knock-in striatal cells Eur. J. Neurosci. 2006, 23 (7) 1701-10
    • (2006) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.23 , Issue.7 , pp. 1701-10
    • Mao, Z.1    Choo, Y.S.2    Lesort, M.3
  • 33
    • 33846970909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical changes in Huntington R6/2 mouse striatum detected by in vivo1H NMR spectroscopy
    • Tkac, I.; Dubinsky, J.; Keene, C.; Gruetter, R.; Low, W. Neurochemical changes in Huntington R6/2 mouse striatum detected by in vivo1H NMR spectroscopy J. Neurochem. 2007, 100 (5) 1397-1406
    • (2007) J. Neurochem. , vol.100 , Issue.5 , pp. 1397-1406
    • Tkac, I.1    Dubinsky, J.2    Keene, C.3    Gruetter, R.4    Low, W.5
  • 35
    • 46149105881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of docosahexaenoic acid on some megakaryocytic cell gene expression of some enzymes controlling prostanoid synthesis
    • Guillot, N.; Debard, C.; Calzada, C.; Vidal, H.; Lagarde, M.; Vericel, E. Effects of docosahexaenoic acid on some megakaryocytic cell gene expression of some enzymes controlling prostanoid synthesis Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2008, 372 (4) 924-928
    • (2008) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.372 , Issue.4 , pp. 924-928
    • Guillot, N.1    Debard, C.2    Calzada, C.3    Vidal, H.4    Lagarde, M.5    Vericel, E.6
  • 36
    • 0036319034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Docosahexaenoic acid provides protection from impairment of learning ability in Alzheimer's disease model rats
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00905.x
    • Hashimoto, M.; Hossain, S.; Shimada, T.; Sugioka, K.; Yamasaki, H.; Fujii, Y.; Ishibashi, Y.; Oka, J. I.; Shido, O. Docosahexaenoic acid provides protection from impairment of learning ability in Alzheimers disease model rats J. Neurochem. 2002, 81 (5) 1084-1091 (Pubitemid 34809291)
    • (2002) Journal of Neurochemistry , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 1084-1091
    • Hashimoto, M.1    Hossain, S.2    Shimada, T.3    Sugioka, K.4    Yamasaki, H.5    Fujii, Y.6    Ishibashi, Y.7    Oka, J.-I.8    Shido, O.9
  • 37
    • 34247108513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary (n-3) fatty acids and brain development
    • Innis, S. M. Dietary (n-3) fatty acids and brain development J. Nutr. 2007, 137 (4) 855-859 (Pubitemid 46596878)
    • (2007) Journal of Nutrition , vol.137 , Issue.4 , pp. 855-859
    • Innis, S.M.1
  • 38
    • 0030770947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress in closed-head injury: Brain antioxidant capacity as an indicator of functional outcome
    • Shohami, E.; Beit-Yannai, E.; Horowitz, M.; Kohen, R. Oxidative stress in closed-head injury: brain antioxidant capacity as an indicator of functional outcome J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 1997, 17 (10) 1007
    • (1997) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 1007
    • Shohami, E.1    Beit-Yannai, E.2    Horowitz, M.3    Kohen, R.4
  • 39
    • 0029055175 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative processes and antioxidative defense mechanisms in the aging brain
    • Reiter, R. Oxidative processes and antioxidative defense mechanisms in the aging brain FASEB J. 1995, 9 (7) 526
    • (1995) FASEB J. , vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp. 526
    • Reiter, R.1
  • 40
    • 0035843863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant effects of alpha tocopherol, ascorbic acid and L-methionine on lead induced oxidative stress to the liver, kidney and brain in rats
    • Patra, R.; Swarup, D.; Dwivedi, S. Antioxidant effects of alpha tocopherol, ascorbic acid and L-methionine on lead induced oxidative stress to the liver, kidney and brain in rats Toxicology 2001, 162 (2) 81
    • (2001) Toxicology , vol.162 , Issue.2 , pp. 81
    • Patra, R.1    Swarup, D.2    Dwivedi, S.3
  • 42
    • 55349103764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in rat brain induced by carbofuran exposure
    • Kamboj, S.; Kumar, V.; Kamboj, A.; Sandhir, R. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in rat brain induced by carbofuran exposure Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 2008, 28 (7) 961-969
    • (2008) Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 961-969
    • Kamboj, S.1    Kumar, V.2    Kamboj, A.3    Sandhir, R.4
  • 43
    • 0031914584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial inhibition of brain succinate dehydrogenase by 3-nitropropionic acid is sufficient to initiate striatal degeneration in rat
    • Brouillet, E.; Guyot, M. C.; Mittoux, V.; Altairac, S.; Conde, F.; Palfi, S.; Hantraye, P. Partial inhibition of brain succinate dehydrogenase by 3-nitropropionic acid is sufficient to initiate striatal degeneration in rat J. Neurochem. 1998, 70 (2) 794-805 (Pubitemid 28079371)
    • (1998) Journal of Neurochemistry , vol.70 , Issue.2 , pp. 794-805
    • Brouillet, E.1    Guyot, M.-C.2    Mittoux, V.3    Altairac, S.4    Conde, F.5    Palfi, S.6    Hantraye, P.7
  • 44
    • 0026584524 scopus 로고
    • Does impairment of energy metabolism result in excitotoxic neuronal death in neurodegenerative illnesses?
    • Beal, M. Does impairment of energy metabolism result in excitotoxic neuronal death in neurodegenerative illnesses? Ann. Neurol. 1992, 31 (2) 119-130
    • (1992) Ann. Neurol. , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-130
    • Beal, M.1
  • 45
    • 0014027605 scopus 로고
    • Glycerol as a substrate for brain metabolism
    • Sloviter, H.; Shimkin, P.; Suhara, K. Glycerol as a substrate for brain metabolism Nature 1966, 210, 1334-1336
    • (1966) Nature , vol.210 , pp. 1334-1336
    • Sloviter, H.1    Shimkin, P.2    Suhara, K.3
  • 46
    • 9344238209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and possible roles of aquaporin 9 in the brain
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.06.035, PII S0306452204004944, Brain Water Homeostasis
    • Badaut, J.; Regli, L. Distribution and possible roles of aquaporin 9 in the brain Neuroscience 2004, 129 (4) 971-981 (Pubitemid 39556248)
    • (2004) Neuroscience , vol.129 , Issue.4 , pp. 971-981
    • Badaut, J.1    Regli, L.2
  • 48
    • 0034127284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major strain differences in response to chronic systemic administration of the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid in rats: Implications for neuroprotection studies
    • DOI 10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00020-8, PII S0306452200000208
    • Ouary, S.; Bizat, N.; Altairac, S.; Menetrat, H.; Mittoux, V.; Conde, F.; Hantraye, P.; Brouillet, E. Major strain differences in response to chronic systemic administration of the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid in rats: Implications for neuroprotection studies Neuroscience 2000, 97 (3) 521-530 (Pubitemid 30320758)
    • (2000) Neuroscience , vol.97 , Issue.3 , pp. 521-530
    • Ouary, S.1    Bizat, N.2    Altairac, S.3    Menetrat, H.4    Mittoux, V.5    Conde, F.6    Hantraye, P.7    Brouillet, E.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.