Iron regulation by hepatocytes and free radicals

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 103-106

  Takami, Taro ^a   Sakaida, Isao ^b  

^a YAMAGUCHI UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Japan)

^b YAMAGUCHI UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Free radicals; Hepatocyte; Hepcidin; Iron; Transferrin

Indexed keywords

CD71 ANTIGEN; CELL PROTEIN; FERRITIN; FERROPORTIN; FREE RADICAL; HEPCIDIN; IRON; IRON REGULATORY PROTEIN 1; IRON REGULATORY PROTEIN 2; NUCLEIC ACID; TRANSFERRIN; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR 2;

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; CELL DAMAGE; DEFENSE MECHANISM; DETOXIFICATION; HEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS; HOMEOSTASIS; IRON METABOLISM; IRON OVERLOAD; IRON RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; IRON STORAGE; IRON TRANSPORT; LIVER CARCINOGENESIS; LIVER CELL; LIVER FIBROSIS; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW;

EID: 79952384324     PISSN: 09120009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-76     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Wilson MT, Reeder BJ. Oxygen-binding haem proteins. Exp Physiol 2008; 93: 128-132. (Pubitemid 350293981)
2. Rouault TA, Tong WH. Iron-sulphur cluster biogenesis and mitochondrial iron homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2005; 6: 345-351. (Pubitemid 40516901)
3. Lill R, Mühlenhoff U. Iron-sulfur protein biogenesis in eukaryotes: components and mechanisms. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2006; 22: 457-486.
4. Harrison PM, Arosio P. The ferritins: molecular properties, iron storage function and cellular regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996; 1275: 161-203. (Pubitemid 26248989)
5. Koorts AM, Viljoen M. Ferritin and ferritin isoforms I: structure-function relationships, synthesis, degradation and secretion. Arch Physiol Biochem 2007; 113: 30-54.
6. Silva AM, Hider RC. Influence of non-enzymatic post-translation modifications on the ability of human serum albumin to bind iron. Implications for non-transferrin-bound iron speciation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009; 1794: 1449-1458.
7. Silva AM, Kong X, Parkin MC, Cammack R, Hider RC. Iron(III) citrate speciation in aqueous solution. Dalton Trans 2009; 28: 8616-8625.
8. Kawabata H, Yang R, Hirama T, and et al. Molecular cloning of transferrin receptor 2. A new member of the transferrin receptor-like family. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 20826-20832.
9. Sahlstedt L, von Bonsdorff L, Ebeling F, Ruutu T, Parkkinen J. Effective binding of free iron by a single intravenous dose of human apotransferrin in haematological stem cell transplant patients. Br J Haematol 2002; 119: 547-553. (Pubitemid 35365512)
10. Aisen P. Transferrin receptor 1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36: 2137-2143. (Pubitemid 39094437)
11. Hentze MW, Muckenthaler MU, Andrews NC. Balancing acts: molecular control of mammalian iron metabolism. Cell 2004; 117: 285-297. (Pubitemid 38534536)
12. Ikuta K, Zak O, Aisen P. Recycling, degradation and sensitivity to the synergistic anion of transferrin in the receptor-independent route of iron uptake by human hepatoma (HuH-7) cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36: 340-352. (Pubitemid 37487768)
13. Shindo M, Torimoto Y, Saito H, and et al. Functional role of DMT1 in transferrin-independent iron uptake by human hepatocyte and hepatocellular carcinoma cell, HLF. Hepatol Res 2006; 35: 152-162.
14. Ciechanover A, Schwartz AL, Dautry-Varsat A, Lodish HF. Kinetics of internalization and recycling of transferrin and the transferrin receptor in a human hepatoma cell line. Effect of lysosomotropic agents. J Biol Chem 1983; 258: 9681-9689. (Pubitemid 13049101)
15. Levy JE, Jin O, Fujiwara Y, Kuo F, Andrews NC. Transferrin receptor is necessary for development of erythrocytes and the nervous system. Nat Genet 1999; 21: 396-399. (Pubitemid 29159576)
16. Pantopoulos K. Iron metabolism and the IRE/IRP regulatory system: an update. Ann NY Acad Sci 2004; 1012: 1-13. (Pubitemid 38453511)
17. Rouault TA. The role of iron regulatory proteins in mammalian iron homeostasis and disease. Nat Chem Biol 2006; 2: 406-414. (Pubitemid 44114917)
18. Cairo G, Recalcati S. Iron-regulatory proteins: molecular biology and pathophysiological implications. Expert Rev Mol Med 2007; 9: 1-13. (Pubitemid 351698602)
19. Wang W, Di X, D'Agostino RB, Jr., Torti SV, Torti FM. Excess capacity of the iron regulatory protein system. J Biol Chem 2007; 282: 24650-24659. (Pubitemid 47347505)
20. Klausner RD, Ashwell G, van Renswoude J, Harford JB, Bridges KR. Binding of apotransferrin to K562 cells: explanation of the transferrin cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80: 2263-2266. (Pubitemid 13097168)
21. Dautry-Varsat A, Ciechanover A, Lodish HF. pH and the recycling of transferrin during receptor-mediated endocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80: 2258-2262. (Pubitemid 13097167)
22. Ohgami RS, Campagna DR, Greer EL, Antiochos B, McDonald A, Chen J. Identification of a ferrireductase required for efficient transferrin-dependent iron uptake in erythroid cells. Nat Genet 2005; 37: 1264-1269. (Pubitemid 41568711)
23. Sendamarai AK, Ohgami RS, Fleming MD, Lawrence CM. Structure of the membrane proximal oxidoreductase domain of human Steap3, the dominant ferrireductase of the erythroid transferrin cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105: 7410-7415. (Pubitemid 351830031)
24. Fleming MD, Romano MA, Su MA, Garrick LM, Garrick MD, Andrews NC. Nramp2 is mutated in the anemic Belgrade (b) rat: evidence of a role for Nramp2 in endosomal iron transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 1148-1153. (Pubitemid 28124927)
25. Ludwiczek S, Theurl I, Muckenthaler MU, and et al. Ca2+ channel blockers reverse iron overload by a new mechanism via divalent metal transporter-1. Nat Med 2007; 13: 448-454. (Pubitemid 46562464)
26. Matsumoto Y, Zhang QM, Takao M, Yasui A, Yonei S. Escherichia coli Nth and human hNTH1 DNA glycosylases are involved in removal of 8-oxoguanine from 8-oxoguanine/guanine mispairs in DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29: 1975-1981. (Pubitemid 32433283)
27. Camaschella C, Roetto A, Cali A, and et al. The gene TFR2 is mutated in a new type of haemochromatosis mapping to 7q22. Nat Genet 2000; 25: 14-15. (Pubitemid 30257027)
28. Merle U, Theilig F, Fein E, and et al. Localization of the iron-regulatory proteins hemojuvelin and transferrin receptor 2 to the basolateral membrane domain of hepatocytes. Histochem Cell Biol 2007; 127: 221-226. (Pubitemid 46147276)
29. Kawabata H, Germain RS, Vuong PT, Nakamaki T, Said JW, Koeffler HP. Transferrin receptor 2-alpha supports cell growth both in iron-chelated cultured cells and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 16618-16625. (Pubitemid 30398888)
30. Johnson MB, Enns CA. Diferric transferrin regulates transferrin receptor 2 protein stability. Blood 2004; 104: 4287-4293. (Pubitemid 39620184)
31. Johnson MB, Chen J, Murchison N, Green FA, Enns CA. Transferrin receptor 2: evidence for ligand-induced stabilization and redirection to a recycling pathway. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18: 743-754. (Pubitemid 46399482)
32. Sturrock A, Alexander J, Lamb J, Craven CM, Kaplan J. Characterization of a transferrin-independent uptake system for iron in HeLa cells. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 3139-3145.
33. Liuzzi JP, Aydemir F, Nam H, Knutson MD, Cousins RJ. Zip14 (Slc39a14) mediates non-transferrin-bound iron uptake into cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103: 13612-13617. (Pubitemid 44413956)
34. Oudit GY, Sun H, Trivieri MG, and et al. L-type Ca2+ channels provide a major pathway for iron entry into cardiomyocytes in iron-overload cardiomyopathy. Nat Med 2003; 9: 1187-1194. (Pubitemid 37173704)
35. Munro HN. Iron regulation of ferritin gene expression. J Cell Biochem 1990; 44: 107-115. (Pubitemid 20350940)
36. Boyd D, Jain SK, Crampton J, Barrett KJ, Drysdale J. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone for human ferritin heavy chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984; 81: 4751-4755. (Pubitemid 14065152)
37. Theil EC. Ferritin: at the crossroads of iron and oxygen metabolism. J Nutr 2003; 133: 1549S-1553S.
38. Hentze MW, Caughman SW, Rouault TA, and et al. Identification of the iron-responsive element for the translational regulation of human ferritin mRNA. Science 1987; 238: 1570-1573. (Pubitemid 18032473)
39. Hentze MW, Rouault TA, Caughman SW, and et al. A cis-acting element is necessary and sufficient for translational regulation of human ferritin expression in response to iron. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 6730-6734.
40. Donovan PJ, Gearhart J. The end of the beginning for pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2001; 414: 92-97.
41. Donovan A, Lima CA, Pinkus JL, Pinkus GS, Zon LI, Robine S. The iron exporter ferroportin/Slc40a1 is essential for iron homeostasis. Cell Metab 2005; 1: 191-200. (Pubitemid 43960600)
42. Yeh KY, Yeh M, Glass J. Hepcidin regulation of ferroportin 1 expression in the liver and intestine of the rat. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004; 286: G385-G394. (Pubitemid 38250310)
43. Park CH, Valore EV, Waring AJ, Ganz T. Hepcidin, a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 7806-7810.
44. Nicolas G, Bennoun M, Devaux I, and et al. Lack of hepcidin gene expression and severe tissue iron overload in upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 8780-8785. (Pubitemid 32678104)
45. Loréal O, Brissot P. Hepcidin: the Grail of iron metabolism. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2002; 26: 805-807.
46. Nemeth E, Tuttle MS, Powelson J, and et al. Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization. Science 2004; 306: 2090-2093. (Pubitemid 40007660)
47. Pigeon C, Ilyin G, Courselaud B, and et al. A new mouse liver-specific gene, encoding a protein homologous to human antimicrobial peptide hepcidin, is overexpressed during iron overload. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 7811-7819.
48. De Domenico I, Lo E, Ward DM, Kaplan J. Hepcidin-induced internalization of ferroportin requires binding and cooperative interaction with Jak2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106: 3800-3805.
49. Nicolas G, Chauvet C, Viatte L, and et al. The gene encoding the iron regulatory peptide hepcidin is regulated by anemia, hypoxia, and inflammation. J Clin Invest 2002; 110: 1037-1044.
50. Millard KN, Frazer DM, Wilkins SJ, Anderson GJ. Changes in the expression of intestinal iron transport and hepatic regulatory molecules explain the enhanced iron absorption associated with pregnancy in the rat. Gut 2004; 53: 655-660. (Pubitemid 38561442)
51. Nemeth E, Rivera S, Gabayan V, and et al. IL-6 mediates hypoferremia of inflammation by inducing the synthesis of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. J Clin Invest 2004; 113: 1271-1276. (Pubitemid 39069926)
52. Miyazaki E, Kato J, Kobune M, and et al. Denatured H-ferritin subunit is a major constituent of haemosiderin in the liver of patients with iron overload. Gut 2002; 50: 413-419. (Pubitemid 34161061)
53. Um HD, Orenstein JM, Wahl SM. Fas mediates apoptosis in human monocytes by a reactive oxygen intermediate dependent pathway. J Immunol 1996; 156: 3469-3477. (Pubitemid 26123563)
54. Sakaida I, Kyle ME, Farber JL. Autophagic degradation of protein generates a pool of ferric iron required for the killing of cultured hepatocytes by an oxidative stress. Mol Pharmacol 1990; 37: 435-442. (Pubitemid 20115603)
55. Sakaida I, Thomas AP, Farber JL. Increases in cytosolic calcium ion concentration can be dissociated from the killing of cultured hepatocytes by tertbutyl hydroperoxide. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 717-722. (Pubitemid 21907173)
56. Fujita N, Sugimoto R, Takeo M, and et al. Hepcidin expression in the liver: relatively low level in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Mol Med 2007; 13: 97-104. (Pubitemid 46786838)
57. Nagashima M, Kudo M, Chung H, and et al. Regulatory failure of serum prohepcidin levels in patients with hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 2006; 36: 288-293. (Pubitemid 44718431)
58. Nishina S, Hino K, Korenaga M, and et al. Hepatitis C virus-induced reactive oxygen species raise hepatic iron level in mice by reducing hepcidin transcription. Gastroenterology 2008; 134: 226-238. (Pubitemid 350309316)
59. Kato J, Kobune M, Nakamura T, and et al. Normalization of elevated hepatic 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels in chronic hepatitis C patients by phlebotomy and low iron diet. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 8697-8702. (Pubitemid 34013879)
60. Kato J, Miyanishi K, Kobune M, and et al. Long-term phlebotomy with low-iron diet therapy lowers risk of development of hepatocellular carcinoma from chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol 2007; 42: 830-836. (Pubitemid 47617461)
61. Asare GA, Kew MC, Mossanda KS, Paterson AC, Siziba K, Kahler-Venter CP. Effects of exogenous antioxidants on dietary iron overload. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2009; 44: 85-94.